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A Transformative Effect of Migration on Tolerance? Theory Building on Democratic Learning with Empirical Investigation in Romania Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Political Science Dissertations Department of Political Science Spring 5-10-2014 A Transformative Effect of Migration on Tolerance? Theory Building on Democratic Learning with Empirical Investigation in Romania Raluca Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/political_science_diss Recommended Citation Miller, Raluca, "A Transformative Effect of Migration on Tolerance? Theory Building on Democratic Learning with Empirical Investigation in Romania." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2014. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/32 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Political Science at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECT OF MIGRATION ON TOLERANCE? THEORY BUILDING ON DEMOCRATIC LEARNING WITH EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN ROMANIA by RALUCA VIMAN MILLER Under the Direction of Dr. William Downs ABSTRACT This study investigates the reciprocal relationships between tolerance and democracy. It examines how tolerance influences democracy and how democratic socialization influences tolerance. The concept of tolerance often becomes most important when it is weakened or missing. Intolerance presents a prob- lem not only to less democratic countries but to established democracies as well. Its effects are visible in many ways, including support for illiberal political parties that, where sufficiently influential, can es- tablish reJectionist and exclusionary policies. While threats to tolerance as a hallmark of liberal democ- racy appear in different forms across a wide range of countries, the present study analyzes contempo- rary European cases. There in/tolerance has an especially important place in political communication, with xenophobia fueling the success of influential parties in old and new democracies alike. Based on contemporary theoretical and empirical debates, this study’s first goal is to analyze causal connections between (in)tolerance, satisfaction with democracy, party system characteristics, type of electoral sys- tem, partisan preferences, and democracy. A second and necessary purpose of this study is to identify the importance of a previously unexplored potential contributor to tolerance: temporary migration. This dissertation offers an original test of the impact of temporary migration on tolerance. It confirms through empirical evidence that migration to more democratic countries than one’s country of origin enhances tolerance via the process of democratic socialization. The findings of this dissertation are based on a blend of primary and secondary sources and uses a multi-method empirical approach in or- der to investigate the research Questions posed. INDEX WORDS: Social tolerance, Political tolerance, Democracy, Migration, Transformative effect, Social- ization, Party system, Electoral system A TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECT OF MIGRATION ON TOLERANCE? THEORY BUILDING ON DEMOCRATIC LEARNING WITH EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN ROMANIA by RALUCA VIMAN MILLER A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University 2014 Copyright by Raluca Alina Viman Miller 2014 A TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECT OF MIGRATION ON TOLERANCE? THEORY BUILDING ON DEMOCRATIC LEARNING WITH EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN ROMANIA by RALUCA VIMAN MILLER Committee Chair: Dr. William Downs Committee: Dr. Henry Carey Dr. Charles Hankla Electronic Version Approved: Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University January 2014 iv DEDICATION To my family! Thank you for being the most wonderful and supportive people in the world. I love you! v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The end of this long Journey would have never been possible without the contribution of many individu- als who I strive to thank and acknowledge in this brief thank you note. I apologize if I forgot to mention anyone. I would not be writing this note if it wasn’t for the resources and training received in the Politi- cal Science Department at Georgia State University. Most of all, I want to thank Dr. William Downs, the chair of my committee, whom I met as a professor and now I know as the Associate Dean for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Without his support I would have been lost in the field of Political Science. I want to thank him for being my protector. Sometimes it took awhile for me to comprehend some of his decisions, but in the end I consider that his decisions were always to my benefit. His abundant com- ments on my numerous drafts were vital to the shape of my proJect. It was also important to me that he took a few minutes to wonder about the welfare of the human being sitting in the chair across the table from him. Dr. Hankla and Dr. Carey, the other two dissertation committee members have been extraordi- nary supporters of the entire process. I am grateful for their flexibility and desire to work with a very tight timetable. Besides fulfilling his role as a committee member Dr. Hankla has been a great teacher throughout the entire process, always available for advice and open to offer suggestions and guiding me through from the comprehensive examination process. Dr. Carey always offered guidance and profes- sional advice, invited me to collaborate on various proJects and opened new research horizons. I want to thank them both for their support and their trust in me. I also want to thank all of my professors who helped form me and whose expertise encouraged me to develop my own interests. Thank you, Dr. Alli- son Calhoun-Brown, Dr. John Duffield, Dr. Carrie Manning and Dr. Jennifer McCoy. All of you thought me a lot and your contribution to my formation is greatly appreciated. Special thanks to Dr. Amy Stei- gerwalt, Director of Graduate Studies who through her encouraging and positive attitude helped me vi push through at times when I would have considered slowing down. My peers have also had a tremen- dous impact on my formation. I felt part of a great community with my fellow students in the depart- ment and I want to thank ‘the bunch’ for all those encouraging words and for all those wonderful and memorable moments. I want to thank Kathie Barrett for her help with numerous tasks at hand and Van- ja Petricevic for encouragements and support. You are all so wonderful. My research benefited tremendously from the help and support of former colleagues and dear friends from the Political Science Department at Babes-Bolyai University in CluJ Napoca, Romania. Without their welcoming attitude my fieldwork would have been less successful and entirely less enJoy- able. Thank you “401” for offering me your logistical support, your class time to apply Questionnaire, your network of acquaintances within the university, your personal homes, your office space and your resources but I want to say that I am mostly grateful for your friendship. Thank you Dr. Gabriel Badescu, Dr. Cosmin Marian, Dr. Bogdan Radu, Dr. Florin Fesnic, Dr. Irina Kantor, Dr. Remus Anghel, Dr. Petruta Teampau, Dr. Daniela Angi and Carmen Greab. I am also grateful to the old friends and colleagues in leadership positions in the Department of Political Science who offered me lodging, advice and logistical support at each step on the way. Thank you Dr. Catalin Baba, Dr. Calin Hintea, and Dr Dacian Dragos. You made me feel home there again. I also want to thank Dr. Ron King and Dr. Paul Sum, my former professors and mentors for all their trust and the opportunities to improve my professional career. I must thank all those students who took time to fill in the Questionnaire and answer the Qualitative in- terviews. Without their participation my data gathering would have been a disaster. Last but not least I want to make sure that I underline the tremendous support of my family and friends who put up with me and trusted that I will be one day again their family member and friend not a perpetual PhD student. I have the most wonderful parents and brother who I thank for being so sup- portive and for believing in me. I also want to thank Cornel for all those cooked meals and words of en- couragement that were always so appreciated. Thank you all, so much! vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. xi 1. THE PROBLEM OF (IN)TOLERANCE IN A GLOBAL SOCIETY ............................................................... 1 1.1 The research question: the causes and consequences of (in)tolerance ......................................... 3 1.2 Dissertation overview ................................................................................................................ 17 1.3 Importance of this study ............................................................................................................ 20 2 Critical Evaluation of the Extant Literature: ................................................................................
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