3840 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF THE COMMIT- NOMINATIONS . TEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS HOUSE REPRESENTATIVES Executive nominations received by the OF Mr. PEPPER, frpm the Committee on Senate April 30, 1942: THURSDAY, APRIL 3_0, 1942 Foreign Re~ations, submitteci the follow­ APPOINTMENTS Il'J THE REGULAR ARMY The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ing favorable reports of nominations: TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANTS, MEDICAL CORPS, WITH Father Alcuin Heibel, 0. S. B., Mount 1 carlton J . H. Hayes, of New York, to be RANK FROM DATE OF APPOINTMENT Ambassad'Jr Extraordinary and Plenipoten­ Angel College, Mount Angel, Oreg., offered ' .Capt. William Holmes Crosby, Jr., Medical the following prayer: tiary to Spain. Corps Reserve. Cornelius Van H. Engert, of California, First Lt. Alex Brown, Medical Corps Re- now a Foreign "Service officer of class 1 and 0 Heavenly Father, acknowledging our­ consul general at Bei~ut, Lebanon, to be selves Thy creatures, we ask the con­ se~i~~t Lt. Charles Mathews Swindler, Med­ tinued blessings of your kind providence Envoy . Extraordinary and Minister PHmipo­ ical Corps Reserve. tentiary to Afghanistan. upon our Nation. We are grateful to be Maynard B. Barnes, of Iowa, now a For­ APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR citizens of these United States. Guide eign .Service officer of class 2 and a secretary ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES our President, enlighten the minds of in the Diplomatic Service, to be also a con- TO QUARTERMASTER CORPS our legislators in their deliberations so sul general; and · Capt, Frank Coffin Holbrook, Field Artillery that they may conclude unselfishly and Laurence w. Taylor, of California, now a (temporary major, Army of _ the United Foreign Service officer of class 7 and a secre­ wisely during these critical times in our States), with rank from June 30, 1936. Nation's history. tary in the Diplomatic Service, to be also TO. CORPS OF ENGINEERS a consul. Grant, 0 Lord, that we may always Capt. Everett Clifton Hayden, Quarter­ have the decency to revere Thy holy The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there master Corps· (temporary lieutenant colonel, name and to respect the dignity of a be no further reports of committees, the Army of the United States). with rank from June 13, 1939. human person. May we keep our Gov­ clerk will state the nominations on the ernment so arranged that it may always calendar. - TO AIR CORPS benefit and protect all the people, not ' POSTMASTERs-NOMINATION ADVERSELY First Lt. John Barkley Pattison, Jr., Coast as classes or antagonistic groupS, but as REPORTED Artillery Corps (temporary captain, Army of the United States), with rank from June 14, one family in the peace of Christ. Give The legislative clerk read the nomi­ 1941. to all of us, and especially to our chosen nation of Bernice B. Lyons to be post­ Secqnd Lt. George Major White, Cavalry leaders, the grace to realize and always (temporary first lieutenant, Army of the master at Vinton, La., which had ~een remember the essential unit of our Amer .. adversely reported from the Committee United states), with rank from Jul¥ 1, 1940. ican society in the family in which par• on Post Offices and Post Roads. Second Lt. William Jonreau Williams II, ents are acknowledged as the representa .. - Corps of Engineers (temporary first Ueu­ tives of God with the natural right and Mr. McKELLAR. At the request of tenant, Army of the United States), with one of the Senators from Louisiana, I ask rank from July 1, 1940. duty to take a guiding part in the edu­ that the nomination be passed over. Second Lt. John Edward Nitsche, Field cation of their children. 0 Divine Mas .. The. PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Artillery (temporary first lieutenant, Army ter, in this world cursed by the selfish objection, the nomination will be passed of the United States), with rank from July 1, ambitions of proud individuals, by the over. 1940. international hatreds born of human Second Lt. Alfred George Hayduk, Coast greed, let us recall Thy lessons in justice, POSTMASTERs-NOMINATIONS FAVOR­ Artillery Corps, with rank from June 11, charity, and tolerance. Grant that our ABLY REPORTED 1941. American religious, social, and economic The legislative clerk proceeded to read life may always be based on the 10-point -sundry nominations of postmasters. CONFIRMATIONS • moral . code of God's Commandments, Mr. McKELLAR. I ask unanimous for only thus can our American liberties consent that the nominations be con­ Executive nominations confirmed ·by and responsibilities be preserved in their firmed en bloc. the Senate April 30, 1942: original purity and intent. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without POSTMASTERS Please, God, help us alfto keep Amer­ objection, the nominations are confirmed ALABAMA ica American in its finest aspirations and en bloc. Thomas J; Millican, Brilliant, highest ideals. Amen. THE NAVY Willard D. Leake, Jasper. The Journal of the proceedings of yes .. , The legislative clerk read the nomina­ Samuel D. Wren, Red Bay. terday was read and approved. FLORIDA \ tion of Robert L. Ghormley to be vice MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE admiral. ;Jefferson Gaines, Bocagrande. Mr. WALSH. I ask that the nomina­ Paul E. Mahan, Hebe Sound. A message from the Senate, by Mr. tion be confirmed. LOUISIANA Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Laverna 0. Ramsey, Pleasant Hill. that the Senate had passed a bill of the objection, the nomination is confirmed. · MISSISSIPPI following title, in which the concurrence of the House is requested: THE MARINE CORPS Walter Darracott, Aberdeen. Bonnie H. Curd, Pace. . S. 2404. An act to authorize officers and en­ The legislative clerk. proceeded to read Thelma Z. Landry, Waveland. listed men of the armed forc~s of the United States to accept decorations,_orders, medals, sundry nominations in the Marine Corps. ~W JERSEY and emblems tendered them by governments Mr. WALSH. I ask that the nomina- • Marie H. Pill, Califon. tions be confirmed en bloc. . . of cobelligerent nations or other American Peter J. Egan, Montclair. republics and to create the decorations to be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without SOUTH CAROLINA known as the Legion of Merit, and the Medal objection, the nominations are confirmed for Merit. · en bloc. · Mary P. Mishoe, Greelyville. Lindsay c. McFadden, Rock Hill. The message also announced that the Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous con­ APPOINTMENTS IN THE NAVY sent that the President be immediately Vice President had appointed Mr. BARK-. notified of all confirmations made today. Robert L. Ghormley to be a vice admiral in LEY and Mr. BREWSTER members of the the ~avy, for temporary service. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without joint select committee on the part of the objection, the President will be notified MARINE CORPS Senate; as provided for in the act of Au­ forthwith of all confirmations of today. To be second lieutenants gust 5, 1939, entitled "An act to provide Herman Hansen, Jr. for the disposition of certain records of RECESS Joe B. Russell the United States Government," for the Mr. BARKLEY. As in legislativ_e ses­ Richard L. Boll dispo1)ition of executive papers in the fol .. sion, I move that the Senate take a re­ Lucien W. Carmichael lowing g.epartments and agency: ·1 Walter W. Hitesman; Jr. cess until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. John L. Hopkins 1. Department of. Agriculture. The motion was agreed to; and Constitution of Poland. I low-age brackets were sacrificed to Mars The SPEAKER. Under previous order rise on this occasion to pay my respects upon the altar of war-a war not of their of the House, the gentleman from Michi­ and to transmit greetings to the demo­ making and one in which they had no gan [Mr. DINGELLJ is recognized for 1 cratic, peace-loving, and progressive interest. hour. people in the land of my forefathers. As As sure as there is a God in the heavens an American, I am privileged to offer en­ and as certain as is the rise of the CONSTITUTION OF POLAND couragement to the Polish Government sun in the morn, the day of reckoning Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, at this in exile and to the valiant Polish soldiers and of retribution 1s coming. The point I ask unanimous consent that the fighting on the principal battlefields of guilty will pay this time, even unto the Speaker's remarks be inserted in the the world for freedom, for democracy, tenth generation. They shall be made RECORD. for God, and for country. Battered and to rebuild all they destroyed and to haul The SPEAKER. Without objection, it bruised, robbed of her God-given free­ back the plunder while shackled to a is so ordered. . · dom, plundered of her last grain and sou, wheelbarrow. They shall thereafter be There was no objection. Poland lies helpless and in chains. Fet­ made impotent to wage war upon Chris­ Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, today tered as she is by her traditional, treach­ tianity, freedom, and civilization. Mr. we pause to pay tribute to the people of erous, and undying enemy, Poland, by Churchill once said, in a trans-Atlantic a great nation, a nation that was born of the will of Gorl, shall rise again, revital­ radio address: blood and sacrifice and through the ized and strengthened by the martyrdom There are 85,000,000 malignant Huns,. some years has kept the lamp of liberty burn­ which she suffered for Christianity, de­ of them doubtlessly curable, all of them kill­ ing despite the efforts of despots to extin­ mocracy, and civilization. - able. guish it-Poland. When the seat of the barbarian shall It is fitting that we should pay our re­ have tottered and fallen and Berlin shall If they do not unconditionally lay spects to this brave and patient people, have been reduced to a shambles, and down their arms, then, for civilization's who just now are ground down beneath the vanquished armies of Germany shall sake, they must ris~ the consequences. the heel of Nazi tyranny, because their have returned to the destruction and Moreover, there must be no negotiated history is inextricably interwoven with havoc which they so fiendishly visited peace. There shall be no wasting of time our own, and today we share a common ·upon other peoples and invited upon on treaties which would be scrapped destiny. themselves, Warsaw and Poland, cleared when they have served Germany's pur­ We Americans, of whatever racial of the invader, with all of their people pose of delay and of preparation for the background, have a great deal in com­ shall rejoice as they welcome their tri­ next war, which, if it is to come on sched .. mon with the Poles. They, like · our­ umphant heroic soldier legions and as­ ule, should drench the world again before selves, are lovers of liberty. The history sume their rightful place among the 1967. of Poland has been one of constant peace-loving nations of the world. The Reestablish the constitution of the 3d struggle against oppression, ·against the 3d day of May, the Independence Day of of May, reestablish Poland-a strong and efforts of greedy neighbors to divide the Poland, shall once again be celebrated invincible Poland-and you will make of land among themselves. Poland has midst peace and plenty. her the guardian of peace, and in her been dismembered in the past-she has Poland, Mr. Speaker, has been referred keeping will be vested the key to perma­ been crushed and humiliated-but al­ to by historians as the bulwark of Chris­ nent stability. ways she has risen again. And though tendom, henceforth she shall be known Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Speaker, will the today she writhes beneath the heel of too as the citadel which saved civiliza­ gentleman yield? · the Nazi master, Poland will rise again. tion. Let me say here and now for the Mr. DINGELL. I yield to my col­ In almost every war that has been benefit of those who may be uninformed league. fought in behalf of freedom, Poles have that Poland, throughout the centuries, Mr. YOUNG. I congratulate the gen­ taken part. There is no American has always been the haven of the op­ tleman from Michigan upon his remark­ schoolboy who is not familiar with the pressed and the refuge for the unfor­ able and eloquent speech regarding the names of Kosciusko and Pulaski, Polish tunate. While she has never waged a Polish people, a magnificent people, with heroes who fought with such consum­ war of aggression, she has, more than a great history and noble traditions. mate courage in the army of George once, without a price, raised her sword in Mr. DINGELL. I thank the gentle­ Washington during our own Revolution. the defense of her neighbors. ·History man . . Kosciusko fought throughout the Revo­ has never credited Poland with even a Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he lution, then returned to his own native fair share of the glory which was her may require to the distinguished major­ land. Count Pulaski gave his life for due. Jealous and treacherous neighbors, ity leader the gentleman from Massachu­ America, dying in action at Savannah. in their libelous misrepresentation of her setts [Mr. McCoRMACK]. Poles have fought in every war which glorious and historic exploits which high Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, America has waged since then. Always light the pages of history, robbed her of Sunday next is the one hundred and they have been at the forefront of her just due. :(ifty-first anniversary of the adoption of battle. Ungrateful and covetous combinations a democratic constitution by the people On next Sunday, May 3, the Polish of her neighbors conspired and executed of Poland, 2 years after our own Gov­ people throughout the world will observe their treacherous plans of murder, plun­ ernment was formed and started opera­ Polish Constitution Day. On this day, der, and enslavement. Poland has re­ tion under a constitutional form of gov .. , which means so much to the Polish Na­ peatedly suffered at the hands of the ernment. tion, thousands of Poles; fighting in the Germans, who waxed fat upon the booty It is only fitting and proper that in armies of the Allies, and millions more, which they plundered. After World War these times this body, the greatest legis­ held in virtual slavery by their ruthless No. 1, there was scarcely a piece of iron lative body in the world, should pause · conquerors, will pledge anew their deter­ or copper the size of a man's fist, or to properly honor that great event and to mination to fight on until the forces of an excess foot of steel rail, which was not pay tribute to the Government of Poland, evil have been routed and the world again used for German troop transport, re­ which still exists, although the land of is free. Poland's battle today is our bat­ maining in all Poland. Dairy cattle and that Government and the people of Po­ tle, and our battle is Poland's. In the livestock of all kinds were commandeered land have been overrun and temporarily. days of the past, Americans and Poles and shipped to Deutschland and the conquered. When we pay honor to the have stood shoulder to shoulder in the plundered people left to starve. Some­ Government of Poland we honor the battle for human liberty. Today they are one said during Poland's recent 20 years brave · and liberty and religious lovin~ 3842 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 people of Poland. Poland has had a a nation, a potential nation ready to have been overwhelmed by stronger ene­ great history, going back through the spring forward when the opportunity mies; they have been defeated and ren­ ages. History records that on at least presents itself. In this con:flict 'the peo-­ dered helpless, apparently, so many times one occasion many generations ago the ple of Poland are still a nation though in their long history that, as we contem­ great men of Poland saved Christianity temporarily conquered and their sov­ plate these series of rises and falls, we from the pagan hordes that had ·over­ ereignty absorbed by the conqueror; discover there is something in the soul run Europe. History is replete with the nevertheless, the national spirit exists of Poland which cannot be conquered. heroism and bravery of the noble people and the potential nation of Poland is There is a quality, a determination, a of Poland, and history also records they there ready to spring forward when the love of liberty, a bravery, a capacity to are imbued with a deep love of liberty opportunity presents itself. The people suffer and to endure, a will to progress and that they are an intensely religious­ of Poland, working underground or onward and upw~rd, which no enemy, no minded people. I refer to them as an in­ otherwise, will continue to cooperate with matter how physically strong he might. tensely religious people, not having in our country and the . other nations en­ be, has ever been able to crush out of the mind any particular creed. gaged in this con:flict in defeating the heart of Poland. A people like that may· We know their experiences of the past common enemies. So I am glad to join be defeated tiine after time. They are few years, of the vicious hordes of de­ with my distinguished friend the gen­ never conquered. They are not conquered struction and paganism under the lead­ tleman from Michigan [Mr. DINGELL], now. ership of a merciless and destructive an outstanding American of Polish de­ ·They may seem helpless; millions of mind, using a :flimsy pretext to invade scent, but an American first, last, and them may be confined behind barbed and conquer that country and its fine always, thinking of America first, as all wire in concentration camps; other mil­ people. We know of the great contribu­ of us should, no matter what our racial lions may have been starved by their op­ tions made to the progress of our own origins, but having in our hearts love for pressors, as we are told they have been; country by those of Polish blood and of the land of our.forebears. even though all of these horrible things Polish origin; and of Pulaski and other I am glad to be invited by the gentle­ be true, no one who knows the history of great Poles of the revolutionary days, who man from Michigan [Mr. DINGELLJ to the Polish people, no one who studies the denied liberty on the part of themselves express myself ·as I have on this occasion accomplishments of the Polish people in and their own people, came over to the and to join with him and others who will the various countries to which they have Western Hemisphere to fight for the follow me in paying tribute first to the gone, including the United States of Colonies of those days in their battle for brave people of Poland, assuring them America, can doubt that in the soul of independence, as a result of which we are that our country, when victory has the Polish people is an unconquerable citizens of the great country that is ours crowned our efforts, will be dedicated to spirit which cannot be throttled; which today. . seeiiJ.g that Poland is again reestablished cannot be killed; which cannot be America sympathizes with the people of a sovereign nation; and, second, to starved into submission, or terrorized into Poland. America goes further. Ame.z:ica honor those fine persons of Polish blood· inactivity. In the forces of the Allies in is determined to do everything within its of this generation who are playing their different parts of the world, the sons and power to bring about that victory which parts in American life and in this crisis daughters of Poland are fighting, with will mean the reestablishment of Poland as outstanding Americans; and to the their hearts aflame with the burning de­ as an independent nation, with the right Americans of Polish blood of past gen­ termination that the oppressors and of the people of that country to go for­ erations who have made their great con­ despoilers of . Poland shall know the ward in an effort to obtain those national tribution toward the progress of the righteous wrath of the Polish people. aspirations that will be consistent with wonderful country we possess today. Here in the United States of America, their. own best interests and for a future This great America is our country by in­ seemingly the last great stronghold of decent world. heritance. This generation of Ameri­ liberty in the world, the sons and daugh­ We in America are pro.ud of the Ameri­ cans is on trial. Are we going to be the ters of Poland, with hearts a:flame, are cans of Polish blood. Americans are not first generation of Americans that failed working for the liberation of their father­ a race. The people of America, those in its trust2 We shall not be. land and their people. who live in America come, or their.fore­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now · I need not say to the people of Poland bears came from other lands. We of this yield to the distinguished minority leader that the heartfelt prayers of all liberty­ generation are of racial-origins t}:lat come the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. loving people in the world are ascending from every country under the sun, and MARTIN]. for them today. They know that. We we are a people of various religious Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. can take our greatest assurance that strains; but we are held together by one Speaker, I am glad to join with my good Poland will rise· again to a new strength love, one cominon love that all decent friend and colleagur the gentleman from as a people, and a country, because of men and women stand for, and that those Michigan [Mr. DINGELL] in the observ­ Poland's history. It shows that, no mat­ who have never had it strive for, the love ance of this notable event in the history ter how many times the Polish people of liberty, the possession of the individual of Poland, the anniversary of constitu­ may be cast down, no matter how many rights guaranteed us by the Constitution, tion day. We have had occasion to review times the Polish Nation may be parti­ the right to possess the dignity and the time·and again the glorious part the sons tioned, the Polish people rise again to personality of a human being. That is and daughters of Poland have had in the liberty and recover their nation and go the common love that holds all Americans battles, the literature, and the statesman­ marching on in the phalanxes of free­ together. ship of the United States of America. I dom. The freedom-loving people of the The people of Poland, as history clearly wish to pay my tribute to Poland because world are determined to rebuild Poland shows, are actuated and prompted by the of the unconquerable bravery of her peo­ as a free nation. . llame love of liberty that holds the various ple. I want to offer a word of encourage­ So Poland struggles on. Poland hopes facial groups of America together and ment in this dark hour. As has been re­ on. Poland dreams on. Poland works welds us together, not as a race, but as lated, the Diet of Poland adopted a con­ on, and Poland will rise again to add more a people. One of the racial groups that stitution on May 3, 1791, 2 years after the gloJ:ious pages to her already glorious Jllayed a prominent part in this weld­ Constitution of the United States was history. ing and in the progress of our great coun­ adopted. It was not a constitution of a Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now try is the Poles. We honor them, were­ republic but a constitution of freedom, yield to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ spect them, we value them. ·We also establishing a monarchy under its limi­ vania [Mr. BoLAND]. honor and respect the great contributions tations and provisions. It stood Qnly WHAT CONSTITUTIO.N DAY MEANS made by those of the Poland of today. until 1795, when Poland was again over­ Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the 3d of The Poland of the past was Poland the run. May is to be observed in this country, I battlefield of EUrope, up and down, but The history of the Polish people has am happy to say, with radio programs, never defeated. been a tragic one in many respects. It with speeches, with group rallies, with A people may be conquered, but as has been a noble and inspiring one in music. The 3d of May is Polish Consti­ long as national spirit remains that peo­ many respects. The Polish people have tution -Day-a day which has for our ple, even though conquered, constitutes been overrun by superior numbers; they Polish allies in the war the same signifi- 1942 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3843 cance that the Fourth of July has for all our great country achieved its liberty; determination ·with which the Poles at­ patriotic Americans. but, for 125 years Poland fought on and tacked the problem of the economic re­ The Polish Constitution was adopted was again reestablished as a nation by habilitation of that war-destroyed coun­ on May 3, 1791. It was a democratic the Treaty of Versailles. try. constitution, and showed the influence During those days following the Treaty In order that you may know the con­ of the American and French Revolu­ of Versailles-until recently overrun by ditions which existed there, I need only tions-the winds of freedom blew a hostile force--she achieved greater and to remind you that Poland all down the through it. For the first ti~e niany lib­ greater success. I believe that Poland, · centuries has constituted one of the great erties were guaranteed the common peo- though fallen to these Nazi hordes and · battlegrounds of all Europe. Armies ple. · invaders, wlll rise again like a Phoenix have fought back and forth across that Constitution Day means more to the from her ashes and stand beside us and country since time began almost. This ­ Poles than the birthday of a document. the other democracies of the world and was especially true of the World War. It is a symbol of a nation that refuses to go forward to even greater heights and The Germans and the Russians fought die. Four years after the adoption of the greater history. back and forth and back and forth across Constitution in 1795 Poland ceased to I thank my di:;tinguished colleague Poland _time after time. Whenever one exist as a nation. · During the long cen­ from Michigan for the privilege of say­ army was driven from the country, nat­ tury and a quarter of Poland's captivity, ing a word on ·a subject so near my own urally 'it took with them everything that its territories split among three great, heart. could be of any possible use to the re­ imperialistic powers, the 3d of May rep­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now treating forces. All that could not be resented to patriots the dream that Po­ yield to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. moved but could be used by tre success­ land would live again as a nation. McKEOUGH] .. ful forces was destroyed. Consequently, Poland did live again, only to be struck Mr. McKEOUGH. Mr. f:;lpeaker, I one of the most beautiful farming coun­ down by Hitler's mad aggression. This thank the distinguished gentleman· from tries I have ever seen was completely de- · year in the United States, where so many Michigan for the privilege of adding a nuded of farm stock of every kind, of descendants of Polish patriots are now few words in tribute to the great people food, of everything which enabled a valuable and loyal citizens, it is particu­ of Poland in connection with the pend­ farmer to exist. As a result, when· riding larly significant that Constitution Day ing celebration of their Constitution Day. from Paris to Warsaw and passing· should be observed and that the brave The love of liberty on the part of the through what I b8lieve was one of the heritage it represents should be cele­ Polish people is exceeded only by their most- beautiful agricultural sections I brated. love of God. When we understand their have ever seen, I noticed with amaze-· Poles have been_captives before. They love of God, we can ·better appreciate ment that hour after hour as I rode · are determined and we are determined their lo-ve of liberty. Their sufferings, through that wonderful country I did not that they will be freemen again. Gen­ caused by their devotion to their religious see the first sign of life, except those· tlemen, I give you Polish Constitution conviction~. automatically strengthen gathered at the railroad stations hoping Day, the birthday of a nation. their will to militantly fight for their to secure transportation to some city, Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield liberty. Their century-old struggle to se­ where only the b::tre necessities of life to my distinguished friend from Illinois cure and maintain their freedom is an co-uld be had. [Mr. -DEWEY]. ' inspiration to all other liberty-loving peo­ When I reached Warsaw I discovered,· - Mr. DEWEY. Mr. Speaker, it is with . pies in the world to fortify their deter­ very much to my amazement, that bread considerable emotion that I rise, not only mination to secure freedom from oppres­ lines were everywhere. One cou}d not­ to eulogize the history and traditions of sion and persecution. walk a half -dozen blocks in any direc­ a great country but also to pay my re.:. It is this love of liberty that makes tion from the center of that beautiful spect to the memory of many friends and easy an appreciation of the valiant de­ city without finding bread lines with long comrades who have loyally given their fense which the Polish people offered lines of half-starved men, women, and lives in the past months and few years, against Hitler and which so incensed the children waiting for their daily rations. and to salute those of my former com­ Nazis that they have singled out the peo­ I was amazed then, as I still am when I rades who are still fighting for their ple of Poland for persecutions of a sa­ look back to those days, to note that the country. tanic nature. The inhuman treatment people in the bread lines were not com­ - Nominated by the Federal Reserve imposed upon the people of Poland has pletely devoid of hope regardless of how Board in 1927, I left the United States shocked the sensibilities of all civilized­ desperate their situation was. It is true ' Treasury for Warsaw, Poland, and there nations. that they had no money; · they had no with my family spent 3 years as Ameri­ It is this spirit, born of their age-old· work; they had no food other than that can financial adviser to that new state. struggle to secure and maintain their lib­ they were waiting for, but they were not It was there I learned, working with the erty·, that makes more determined the will hopeless. Why? Because Poland had­ Polish people, among them and as a part of the peoples of the still free united na­ been recreated. Poland was again a land of them, their great character, their tions to prosecute the war until the lib­ of the free. Her people could again hold great courage, and what they stand for. erty previously enjoyed by the conquered up their heads and look to the future I saw with my own eyes a great country peoples of Europe i:::; again, first, restored, unafraid. This feeling completely pos­ devastated by not 4 years of war but by but, more important, maintained by an sessed the people of that country, and as 6 long years of war, which Gontinued enduring peace based on moral justice. a result there is no example in history until August 1920. I saw that country · It is to this high purpose that we, in where any people so completely destroyed regain its economic strength, forge ahead, company with our allies; have dedicated economically as were they, who showed always mindful of the traditions of her our efforts, as best described by President the same determination and the same past, always looking forward to take her Roosevelt, to establish the "four free­ intelligence and who earned the same place in the history of the world as a doms" throughout the world. success, made the same progress toward great nation. Mr. DINGELL . . Mr. Speaker, I yield to economic reha-bilitation -as was made by Poland has always taken her place in the gentleman· from · Michigan [Mr. Poland following that period. the world, even back ·as far as 1683, when­ WOODRUFF]. We in Michigan know something of she sent her armies to raise the· siege Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. the Polish race. They are a 5-'Ieeply patri­ of Vienna, when Europe was about to be Speaker, I was interested in what the ,otic people. We are privileged to have overrun by Turkish hordes. She took gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DEWEY] within our borders hundreds and hun­ her place later on as the achiever of the had to say about his personal experiences dreds of thousands of citizens of Polish first liberal constitution that was ever in Poland. I am reminded ·of experiences extraction. In Bay City, my home town, given to a Central European country. I had in that country back in the winter during the days leading up to our active Bounded, as she was, by envious, auto­ of 1919-20. I was there twice on busi­ participation in World War No.1, we had cratic neighbors, her country was de­ ness connected with the then Polish Gov­ a demonstration of the quality -of Polish spoiled by three partitions until she dis­ ernment, and I had an opportunity to patriotism. In -my c::mnty between 20 appeared as a unit, about the time that learn for myself the intelligence and the and 25 percent of the citizens are of 3844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30. Polish extraction. When the third draft to honor the memory of that gallant Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield came, Bay County's quota for that draft Pole who died at George Washington's 5 minutes to my distinguished colleague was only 9 men. The reason was that side in the heat of battle for freedom. the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. we had had many hundreds of volunteers Of no less distinction in our Revolu­ EATON]. prior to that time. Whenever a man vol­ tionary War was Gen. Thaddeus Kos­ Mr. EATON. Mr. Speaker, I join glad­ unteered from a county, that county was ciusko, who willed his entire estate to ly in these well-merited tributes to the given credit for that enlistment when -Thomas Jefferson to buy freedom for great Polish people on this celebration the succeeding quotas were called for. the enslaved and educate them in de­ of the adoption of their free constitution The amazing thing to me, and to every­ mocracy. in 1791. The Polish Constitution of 1791 one who knows of it, I believe, is that Whole speeches could be made on the was a part of that marvelous spiritual while the citizens of Polish extraction contributions of individual Poles to the awakening of the period which was born constituted only 20 or 25 percent of the creation and development of the United out of the regenerative spiritual forces total population of the county, that 20 States. resident in all races of men who rebel or 25 percent had furnished 75 percent Dr. Alexander Kurcjiusz founded and against oppression and slavery. · This of those who had volunteered previous to · conducted the first high school in the great spiritual force manifested itself in that time. That is a record which will United States, at what was then New the French Revolution, in the American stand as a lasting tribute to the patri­ Amsterdam, now New York City. Revolution, and in a thousand forward otism of the American citizens of Polish Olbracht Zaborowski was one of the movements, the benefit of which we are extraction. first judges in the territory which be­ now reaping. Mr. Speaker, knowing the Poles as I came New Jersey. The Polish people have been the most do, knowing their determination to live In 1774, Jacob Sadowski surveyed and oppressed, the most tragic in their suf­ as a free nation, I prophesy that those led a group of 40 persons in the settle­ fering, of probably any civilized people hundreds of thousands of Poles who are ment of Harrodsburg, the oldest city in on the continent of Europe. As they now fighting in the ranks of those op­ Kentucky. have been hammered out and tested in posed to the Axis Powers will form a Karol Sadowski was the first engineer the fires of affliction they have developed nucleus around which Poland will again to map the coast of New England. a quality of character, a religious faith, rise and take her proper place in the Joseph Truskolaski was the surveyor a self-dependence, a passion for freedom, great family of nations. commissioned to lay out the lands of an industry and a courage, which marks Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield Louisiana and Utah. them among the choice peoples of the 4 minutes to my colleague the gentle­ Karol Radziminski helped establish world. man from Connecticut [Mr. MACIORAJ. the border line between the United We have millions of them here in Mr. MACIORA. Mr. Speaker, it is no States and Mexico. America as our f~llow citizens, and they accident that a strong bond has existed LeopoJd Boech founded the first tech­ have added enormously to our strength since colonial days Letween the United nical university in the United•states. and to our progress. States and Poland. Long before the Mayflower touched the In 1917 President Wilson expressed the Our Constitution was adopted Septem­ shores of New England, the 400 Polish hope that after the war Poland should ber 17, 1787; the Constitution of Poland settlers who were with John Smith at become a united, independent, and au­ a few years later, May 3, 1791. Jamestown were laying the foundations tonomous nation. After all these years Polish patriots laid down their lives for the greatest democracy the world has · we are again in another war, perpetrated that the Constitution of the United ever known. upon Poland and the rest of us by the States might come into existence; that In the Civil War, 4,000 Poles served same evil forces that created the first the yoke of oppression might be broken. with the Union forces. In the Confed­ World War. The answer of America at And, by the same token, American erate Army were 1,000 more. this hour is that some day we are going patriots in the forces of the United Na­ Thaddeus Strawinski died at his post ·to implement the hope of Woodrow Wil­ tions are fighting today, laying down when Fort Sumter was fired upon and son and see to it that Poland does be­ their lives, to the end that lovers of lib­ the War between the States began. The come an independent, a united, and an erty in Poland and elsewhere through­ first omcer to die on a Civil War battle­ autonomous nation. out the world may once again enjoy the field was Konstanty Bledowski. In my State we have a great engineer­ benefits of life, liberty, and the pursuit When the United States acquired its ing triumph known as the Skyway, con­ of happiness. northwest outpost of Alaska, Wlodzim­ necting the cities of Newark and Jersey It is altogether· fitting that this Con­ ierz Kryanowski became its first Gover­ City. That skyway was named, I believe, gress should pause today to extend the nor by Presidential appointment. at the suggestion of Governor Moore, the hand of fellowship to Poland. The an­ Of the first 100,000 men to enlist for Pulaski Skyway, in honor of the famed niversary of the Polish Constitution service in the World War, 40,000 were Polish hero who laid down his life at Poles or of Polish extraction. Savannah in defense of our country's lib­ occurs next Sunday. It is not the first erties. I say to the Polish people of my time that this great event in her na­ The first United States soldier to pay State and of the country, as they fix tional life-comparable to our own the supreme sacrifice in the World War their eyes upon that material monu­ Fourth of July-has found her country was Sgt. John J. Czajka. ment to one of their noble heroes, and see torn and pillaged by forces who detest The first German soldiers to throw the stream of American life pulsing over liberty and all that liberty stands for. down their arms in the World War be­ it, let them turn away for a moment and Men may die. Physical properties came the prisoners of two Poles wearing see the smoke belching from a hundred may be destroyed. Man-made institu­ the uniform of the United States. factory chimneys, and hear the sound of tions may crumble. But the spirit of a This recital could go on and on. Our riveting and building in the shipyards, brave people can never be crushed. Out history is studded with the gallant deeds and feel the power and pulse of a mighty of the shambles 'of invasions, oppres­ of the men of Poland. people preparing the instruments by sions, pillaging, arid partitioning, Poland In the fields of music, literature, and means of which, under God, we shall free has risen time and again down through science they have always been in the not only ourselves but Poland and the the years. Poland will rise again. forefront. world, we hope permanently, from the Twice in my span of life I have been Naturally, then, the United States and curse of tyranny and slavery. This is privileged to observe from afar gallant our entire liberty-loving populace today the Polish hope, this is the American Poland ignoring overwhelming odds, looks sympathetically upon Poland in hope, and in that respect, as in many resolutely refusing to submit to the yoke · her dark hour. others, we are spiritually one. of tyranny; now, as always in her bril­ But there is comfort in a review ot Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 liant history, preferring to die in defense Polish history as Polish Constitution Day minutes to my friend the gentleman from of honor rather than to live in dishonor. nears. There is comfort, too, in the ob­ Minnesota [Mr. KNUTSON]. Wherever liberty and justice has been vious signs of a turn for the better in the Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, 150 in the balance, sons of Poland have been world conflict which rages today, Po­ years ago the people of Poland adopted found. This Congress has repeatedly land has withstood the attack. She can, a constitution that was patterned largely paid deserved tribute to Gen. Casimir and will, hold out. after that which the American people Pulaski by dedicating one day each year . Poland will live I had adopted several years previously_ 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3845 This constitution was born, as have been Mr. D'ALESANDRO. Mr. Speaker, the than happy to pay my tribute to that many other constitutions, from the trav­ , Polish people of Baltimore will turn out in great country on this significant occa­ ail and the suffering and oppression great numbers as they have in the past sion. that Europe had undergone for cen­ to celebrate the Polish Constitution Day The genius of the Polish people is rec­ turies. For hundreds of years the people on May 3. ognized by all. In the field of literature, of ·Europe had groped in darkness look­ The Polish Constitution was the first in the field of music, in the field of ing for a ray of light that would point liberal document of its kind. It is more science, in the military and other fields out to them the road to a better life. It like our Constitution than any other they have made an outstanding contribu­ was only when George Washington and country's. Many times Poland has been tion to the pages of history. those who served and suffered with him dismembered-recently on the east by We, as Americans, have enjoyed our in the War of the Revolution struck the the Communists and on the west by the full share of that contribution. We, as shackles from the American people­ Nazis. However, neither of these philoso­ Americans, are fortunate in having in our irons that ·had been forged by tyrannical phies ever permeated Poland. midst over 3,000,000 people of Polish de­ kings across the sea-that Poland and It is easy to understand that Poland scent contributing to the daily life and the other peoples of Europe saw the light could not stand by and submit to Hitler progress of the Nation. that countless generations had longed crushing her because the Poles are a Poland has been referred to in the six­ and prayed for. great people. They have a glorious his­ teenth and seventeenth centuries as "the We owe a great debt to Poland. She tory. Europe's civilization is much in most ambitious experiment in a repre­ sent us some of our best-trained soldiers debt to the Poli'sh people. They have sentative form of government since the to help free the Thirteen Colonies from made a glorious contribution to the ad­ days of the Romans" and as "the first the tyranny of George III. Among these vancement of our civilization. Yet, to­ experiment on a large scale down to the was Gaspar Pulaski, who fell in battle day, we see the heel of the aggressor on appearance of the United States.'' and whose blood consecrated American the heart of Poland. Everything the The two nations have had much in soil. Then there was Kosciusko, another Polish people hold dear-religion, liberty, common in their love of liberty, their love great general and hero and a tactician peace, security-the aggressor brutally of justice, and their love of peace. Their of the first magnitude. Poles also were destroyed. friendship has expressed itself in mutual active in helping to preEerve the Union The Poles are a peace-loving, God-fear­ aid in time of need, notably in the Revo­ in the dark days when Father Abraham ing people; and I am happy to be a Mem­ lutionary War when General Kosciusko was at the helm. Poland has been in ber of the Seventy-sixth and Seventy­ and General PuUiski came to our assist­ the forefront in the arts and sciences; seventh Congresses and glad that I have ance; notably, also, in and after the but the greatest debt that the Christian always supported President Roosevelt, be­ World War when our own national lead­ world owes to Poland is the salvation of cause I believe that under his leadership ers contributed so greatly to the rebirth Christianity. We are prone to forget Poland and the other countries attacked and rebuilding of Poland. that it was John Sobieski and his gallant and destroyed by Hitler will be liberated Poland has had a magnificent history, Poles who drove the infidel hordes back and Poland will rise again and continue a history which influenced the entire when they sought to overrun Europe and to have its freedom. continent·of Europe for many centuries. supplant the Cross of Christ. They were I live among the Polish people and Though subdued and partitioned by the turned back at the gates of Vienna never know that not only in Baltimore but all forces of three empires for a period of to return, and it was he who firmly over the United States they are doing 146 years, the indomitable spirit of Po­ established the cross of Cpristianity on their part in our armed forces, defense land reasserted itself as an indepenEient that continent and throughout the plants, buying War Bonds and stamps, nation in 1918. Overcome once mor~ by world. and making every sacrifice. the forces of aggression and tyranny, I · For 150 years the history of Poland has I consider it a great pleasure and privi­ have no doubt, Mr. Speaker, that Poland . been one of tragedy, of oppression, and lege to be a member of the National will rise again to play a brilliant role blor.dshed. Her soil has been conse­ Polish Relief Committee, and as a Mem­ among the nations of a post-war world. crated by the blood of heroic defenders ber of the Congress of the United States Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 who made the supreme sacrifice iri re­ I have supported all legislation brought minutes to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ pelling invaders. Poland has long been before the House which would grant re­ vania [Mr. EBERHARTERJ. one of . the battleground's of Europe. lief to the suffering people in Poland. Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, I Many of Napoleon's battles were fought The Poles of America are patriotic and thank the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. in that unhappy land, as have been the are firm in their support of President DINGELL] for giving me an opportunity wars of other would-be conquerors. Franklin Roosevelt, our Commander in to add a few words on the anniversary on I know the Polish people well, having Chief, under whose leadership America May 3 of the adoption of a democratic lived among them the greater part of my will win for the civilized world. constitution by the Polish Government. life, and I admire them tremendously. Like the Polish people, the people of It has b~en my privilege to know many I admire them for their faith, their cour­ Italy and Germany are war tired and hundreds of persons of Polish extraction, age, their honesty, their industry, their hungry and are ready to rebel. They and I know of no group that has a more thrift, their loyalty, and their friendship. would welcome the defeat of nazi-ism and fierce or more burning desire for freedom I join with thousands of other Americans fascism. and independence, both as a nation and throughout the length and breadth of An American army made up in a good as individuals. No person or group of the land-yes; with the liberty-loving measure of Americans of Italian descent persons, no nation, history shows, ever peoples in all lands-in hoping that when would be -welcomed with open arms in fought more determinediy and with more this war is over and the terms of peace Italy, and it would be a victorious march resolution over many, many years to shall have been written, Poland may be from Naples to Rome, with the destruc­ maintain and reestablish freedom in reestablished in all her glory, secure tion of Mussolini. their beloved country. agamst future aggression, so that she And when we are ready to land on Ger­ Not so very long ago I had the extreme may be free to live in peace and to de­ man soil, I am confident that we can get pleasure of attending an executive meet­ velop her manifest destiny. By all the an American army of German extraction ing of the Committee on Foreign Affairs laws of gratitude, justice, and service to and the people of Germany would rise of the House, at which .meeting was liberty, she has earned in the fullest de­ en masse to welcome it as their liberation present Gen. Wladislaw Sikorski, Prime gree that small measure of recognition from Hitlerism. Minister of the Polish Government, and at the hands of the victors. May Al­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 commander in chief of the armed forces mighty God shed His blessings on Poland minutes to the gentleman from Massa­ of Poland. Of course, the matters dis­ and all other ravished lands where the chusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH]. cussed there and the information gained torch of freedom has temporarily been Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Speaker, by the members of the committee is con­ extinguished. during the years 1924 to 1928 it was my fidential, but I say this much, that the Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I Yield privilege to travel throughout the length heart of every person having Polish 3 minutes to the gentleman from Mary­ and breadth of Poland and to know some blood, as well as the heart of every free­ land [Mr. D'ALESANDRO]. of its outstanding leaders. I am more dom-loving person in the universe, woUld 3846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 have rejoiced and have been thrilled to Many of the Members who have Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask know with what heroism the leaders of spoken today have expressed with deep unanimous consent for such additional that country and the Polish people gen­ feeling and emotion their own personal time as may be necessary to accommo­ erally are carrying on in the face of the experiences in Poland. History records date the requests of Members to me. cruelty and the persecution of their op­ the glorious achievements of the people The SPEAKER pro tempore. Before pressors, and to know of the resolute de­ of Poland-the history of Europe as does. stating the request of the gentleman from termination which they are displaying in the history of my own State and district. Michigan, the Chair is constrained to fighting with every resource still remain­ The record of their achievements is .far call attention to the fact that other spe­ ing to them to once again regain their more eloquent than words of mine might cial orders have been arranged on the freedom. It would be idle for me to re­ picture. Whether it be in the arts or calendar. With that notice, is there ob­ count to you the many reasons I could crafts or the sciences, whether it be upon jection to the request of the gentleman give, but I am firmly convinced that the the battlefields of their native land or from Michfgan? people of Poland can be solidly depended the battlefields of Europe or of America, There was no objection. upon to continue to fight until the world or whether it be in the development of Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield is again liberated. the frontiers of our country, the Polish such time as he may require to my col­ In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I have people have made a glorious record. league from New York [Mr. BEITERL every confidence, and I look forward to In my State of Minnesota and my dis­ Mr. BEITER. Mr. Speaker, May 3 that happy day, when Poland will again trict there are many people of Polish marks the anniversary of the founding take its stand along with the other free and Czechoslovakian descent and, while of the Polish Constitution. Wherever nations and help maintain that freedom I have not had the opportunity of visit­ sons and daughters of Poland gather on throughout the universe for all time. ing Poland, it has been my privilege to Sunday this historic event will be cele­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now live among many people of Polish and brated. yield to my colleague the gentleman from Czechoslovakian descent whom I am glad Poland's Constitution ranks as a great Michigan [Mr. HooK]. to call warm personal friends. I can say document along with our own Constitu­ Mr. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, I doubt of these people that we have no finer tion and our Declaration of Independ­ whether there can be much added to the group of intensely patriotic, industrious ence. Like our Fourth of July, the 3d illustrious and glamorous speeches which and peace-loving citizens. I know how o.f May marks the establishment of the have been delivered by my able colleagues deeply the present tragedy of Poland and first real freedom of a liberty-loving here today in behalf of a deserving and the similar tragedy of Czechoslovakia people. patriotic people. As was.. ably stated, the has affected our citizens of Polish and Poland today has suffered adversity. Polish Constitution was adopted on May Czechoslovakian descent, with their ties It has fallen under the tyrant's heel, but 3, 1791, which is only 2 years after the of blood and affection, as it has been also through the indomitc-.ble national spirit adoption of the Constitution of the the acknowledged tragedy of all of us of her people she will rise again. In the United States. The Diet. of Poland at who love democracy and freedom and face of suffering, persecution, and ex­ that time, through the influence of the who loathe oppression and tyranny. In hausting war Poland's spirit carries on. American and French Revolutions, · our capacity for understanding the tears The land may be devastated· but the ty­ adopted this democratic constitution, of a sympathetic America mingle with rant can never quench the spirit of these and established what is commonly known the tears of Poland in her dark hour. people who share with Americans ~very­ as a constitutional monarchy. The con­ Our two nations have much in common where a traditional love of freedom. stitution stripped from the nobility many in love of liberty. Our friendship has America and Poland have much in powers and transferred them to the peo­ expressed itself through the centuries. common. Both have fought in the past ple-guaranteeing to them the rights of a In the Revolutionary War, General for freedom's cause. Both are fighting free people. After having enjoyed those Kosciusko and General Pulaski fought today for the preservation of that free­ rights, the Polish people became imbued with Washington for our freedom. The dom. Both are writing enduring pages with the spirit of democracy they bad Christian world is indebted to Poland of history as great liberty-loving nations. · fought for down through the centuries for the salvation of Christianity for it They will win this conflict as they have in the interest of freedom. They now was Sobieski and the gallant Poles who won •in the past. America salutes her feel the tyranny of Hitler, and through­ stopped the infidel hordes from overrun­ gallant ally on this significant occasion. out the world-in every section of the ning Europe and their attempts to de­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield world-where people are fighting for stroy the Christian church. such time as he may require to my dis­ freedom, you will find the Polish people, It is fitting ·today that we extend to tinguished friend and colleague from both native Poles, from Poland, and nat­ the Polish people our personal and na­ Ohio [Mr. SWEENEY]. uralizecfPolish-Americans in this Nation, tional affection upon this occasion. Mr. SWEENEY. Mr. Speaker, I am fighting side by side with those who are In Poland's hour of travail the prayers sure all of us owe a debt of appreciation interested in the crushing of nazi-ism of America join with those of Poland's to our colleague, Hon. JoHN DINGELL, of and tyranny. They shall fight and keep citizens in petitioning that Divine Provi­ Michigan, for . securing this time and on fighting until Poland rises again as dence restore to her place amidst the causing the House of Representatives to a free nation along with the rest of the nations of the world a free Poland, a pause in its busy deliberations and pay democratic nations of the world. happy Poland, and a restored Poland. tribute to our sister republic on the occa­ When the peace is written and Hitler­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield sion of the anniversary of the establish­ ism, with its pagan ideologies, have gone such time as he may require to the gen­ ment of the Constitution of Poland. the way of Attila the Hun, the Polish tleman from Connecticut EMr. SHANLEY]. Once again the fair land of Poland is held people and the Polish nation will have Mr. SHANLEY. Mr. Speaker, from in subjection by the cruel forces of· evil a major part in establishing a lasting the religious cry of Sursum Corda to and destruction. This is not a new ex­ independence to all oppressed people. the political slogan Polonia Restituta, perience for a freedom-loving people who Long live the kind of patriotism and Polish history has been studded with have down through the centuries demon­ democratic spirit that is sho:wn by a names who fulfilled those ambitions. To­ strated that the freemen will live and liberty-loving and God-fearing Polish day a pronounced Democrat leads them freedom will endure despite the havoc of people. We who love liberty and justice in exile. By profession and education an war, the brutality of despots, and the salute you. · engineer, by choice a soldier, and by inhumanity of dictators. Poland may Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield unanimous acclaim a statesman, Gen. not be permitted to openly celebrate the such time as he may require to my dis­ Ladislas Sikorski stands at the head of anniversary of the founding of her Con­ tinguished friend the gentleman from the Poles in exile. Today he carries aloft stitution, but rest assured there will be Minnesota [Mr. O'HARA]. the post-war banner that was once held gatherings where freemen will celebrate. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker~ I con­ by Ignace Paderewski, and to him go In the homes of her peasants, in the sider it a privilege to sincerely join with the hopes of every freedom loving demo­ caverns, on the hillsides, and in the val­ my colleagues today in paying tribute to crat in the world. We salute him as the leYs of her fair land. In her churches the great people of Poland upon the an­ typical personification of the ideals of and elsewhere Poland.will pray for deliv­ niversary of their Constitution Day. I Polonia Restituta. erance and will remember that they have thank the distinguished gentleman from The SPEAKER pro tempore. All time a Constitution and that they are a free Michigan [Mr. DINGELL] for his courtesy. has expired. · people. It has ever been such in all lands 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3847 where oppressors have sought to extin­ toward him, thinking possibly his wound district which I am honored to represent guish the light of freedom. Poland has was not dangerous; but a canister shot had in the Congress of the United States pierced his thigh and the blood was flowing had her Gethsemane before and she has from his breast, probably from a second ther~ live many people· of Polish extrac­ had her Easter morn. In God's own wound. Falling on my knees, I tried to raise tion and descent. I have had long and time she will once more see a resurrection him. He said in a faint voice, 'Jesus! Maria! intimate contact with many of these fine and her place firmly established among Joseph!' Further I knew not, for at that people. Without exception, they love the free people of the earth. moment a musket ball, grazing my scalp, their church, their homes, their fami­ As I listened to the beautiful tribute blinded me -with blood, and I fell to the lies, and are industrious and patriotic in paid to Poland today by men who had the ground in a state of insensibility." discharging their. duties of citizenship! privilege of visiting that ancient country This act portrays a true Christian gentle­ Mr. Speaker, I esteem it a great privi­ man. It dignifies the strength of the Polish in the days of peace, when they heard the people, who through centuries of oppression lege to be permitted in this brief moment laughter of happy children, the songs of in their bitter struggle for independence never to extol the virtues of a great people. I a free people, · and enjoyed the world­ left the faith of their fathers. They re­ am certain that the God whom they have famed hospitality which the people of mained steadfast and are today loyal to the worshipped for so many centuries will Poland lavished on strangers within her Roman Catholic faith, which sustained them guide them through the present harrow­ gates, I deeply regretted that privilege in their darkest hour. Pulaski gave evidence ing crisis, and that in the years to come was not, mine. However. I do know of this faith when he was mortally wounded we may receive in this country renewed something about the sons and daughters at the Battle of Savannah. · and continued inspiration from the sac­ who left Poland to establish their homes Mr. Speaker, we who have the privi­ rifice which they have made in the cause in America. During the influx of immi­ lege of living with and fraternizing with of human freedom. gration in the early nineties I witnessed the American sons and daughters of Po­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now many of these substantial emigrants land know that their allegiance is first to yield 3 minutes to my friend the gentle­ come to my city of Cleveland, Ohio. Poor the Stars and Stripes. Great organiza­ man from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN]. but honest, in many cases having no tions like the Alliance of Poles of Amer­ Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, it is fitting earthly possessions except the clothes on ica, the Polish National Alliance, and that in the multifarious· activities of this their backs and a home-made handbag. the Polish Roman Catholic Union re­ great legislative body in the last strong­ Soon they were working in our industries. flect the patriotism of a people who love hold of liberty in the world, we should They became the hewers of wood and the liberty and will die for its preservation. take a brief hour to direct our attention drawers of water. They settled in our . I am proud to salute the ever-living Re­ to the past, the present, and the future neighborhood. They practiced the vir· public of Poland. On this occasion of Poland. tue of thrift, built their homes, built their America shares the suffering of her sub­ Poland, as a nation and a people, lfes schools and churches. They sang the dued people today. America will rejoice bleeding, suffering, starving, prostrate songs of the old country, they sang the with her liberation tomorrow. under the heel of a ruthless, brutal despot. songs of the new country. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield And yet prostrate Poland, remembering The old folks sacrificed and saved to such time as he may require to my friend May 3, 1791, lifts her eyes to the stars, educate their children, and today we the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. renews her soul with her hope and faith have among our leaders many fine· KEEFE]. in the power on high, and her indomitable Polish-Americans who are leaders in the Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, limitations will for life and liberty pulses .anev.r spiritual, the business, and the profes­ of time will not permit me to state in full through the heart of her. sional life of our community. Their fine the sentiment and feelings which I share On this day-in this very hour-thou­ American boys are now in the armed in common with many other Members sands upon thousands of patriotic Polish forces of our country fighting for world of this body on this occasion. At a time Americans have their hearts and their freedom. Someone has said that suffer­ when our thoughts are directed toward thoughts turned across the £eas to the ing refines an individual, spiritually at the anniversary of the establishment of country of their nativity, or that of their least. In the case of Poland, I sincerely . constitutional government in Poland, one fathers, and anew in their hearts is born believe that loyalty and allegiance to the canriot fail to be emotionally moved the determination, the undying zeal, the Roman Catholic faith, throughout the when surveying the history of such a unquenchable will, that Poland shall rise .centuries, has given her courage and great and noble people. again more noble, more glorious, stronger strength to overcome the suffering en­ On May 3, 1791, a short time follow­ than ever before. ' dured. The world owes a debt of grati­ ing the ratification and adoption of our Wherein, Mr. Speaker, lies the reason tude to Poland. She has been, in ·tact, own Constitution, the liberty-loving peo­ for this hope of Poland's restoration? It the savior of Christianity as history re­ ple of Poland adopted a similar charter lies in the past history of Poland her­ cords. of liberty. A review of the history of this self. History tells us that on May 3, Would the youth of America look for a great nation and its people discloses a 1791, 2 years after the adoption of the model of a patriot and a Christian? consistent and determined application of Constitution of ttte United States, the Then let him read in the Georgia Histor­ this great charter of Uberty to the lives Diet of Poland adopted a constitution · ical Quarterly, a publication sponsored of the Polish people. Torn as they have which clearly showed the influence· of .... by the historical society of the State been by devastating wars-down through both the French and American Revolu­ of Georgia and published in September the centuries, a people in whose hearts tions. The Polish Constitution of 1791 1929 an account of the death of Brig. there constantly burned a consuming was not the culmination of, but an inci­ Gen. Casimir Pulaski, who died for this passion for liberty have' time and again dent in, the history of a nation and a country at the siege of Savannah. A rebuilt their nation and dedicated its people who had been submerged and sup­ quotation from that will suffice: people to the highest development of the pressed, who had risen and thrown off Major Rogowski speaks: arts and sciences of music, literature, the yoke of oppression, who had been · "For half an hour the guns roared and and peace, and of agriculture, industry, overwhelmed time and again by vastly blood flowed abundantly. Seeing ·an open­ and finance. In the present tragic hour superior forces, but who had never been ing between the enemy's works, Pulaski re­ of Poland's national history its people overwhelmed, defeated, or even daunted solved, with his legion and a small detach­ ment of. Georgia Cavalry, to charge through, still cling to their ancient faith, and, in their unquenchable love of liberty and enter the city, confuse the enemy, and cheer guided and encouraged by the free peo­ their unchangeable determination to be the inhabitants with good tidings. General ple of the world, there can be no doubt a· people free to shape their own destiny, Lincoln approved the daring plan. Implor­ but that out of the sorrow and suffering The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, ing the help of the Almighty, Pulaski shouted presently being visited upon these brave had a short existence. Again assailed, to his men, 'Forward!' and we, 200 strong, people a new Poland will again arise to invaded, divided up, Poland had ceased rode at full speed after him, the earth re­ take her proud position among the by 1795 to exist as a separate and distinct sounding under the hoofs of our chargers. Christian nations of the world dedicated nation. I do not intend in the brief For the first 2 minutes all went well. We sped like knights into the peril. Just, how­ to the cause of preserving individual moment I have here today to enumerate ever, as we passed the gap between the two lib~rty and peace. the Polish heroes, such as Kosciusko and batteries, a cross-fire, like a pouring shower, No citizen of America can overlook Pulaski, both of whom are American confused our ranks. I looked around. Oh I the magnificent contribution that has heroes as well as Polish heroes. Other t:Jad moment ever to be remembered! Pu­ been made by Polish people in the devel­ speakers will pay them tribute. I do not laski lies prostrate on the ground. I leaped opment of our own great country, In the iptend in my brief time at this moment 3848 CONG-RESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 · to try. to voice any adequate tribute to Mr. THILL. Mr. Speaker, Poland has dependent nation and lasting peace to. one who will forever stand among the given to the world a people who are all the world . .greatest of the musicians the world . strong of character, honest, industrious, Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield has ever produced-Paderewski. Other - and devoted to the ideals' ·of freedom of such time as he may desire to the gentle­ speakers will do that. I want, Mr. the press, speech, and religion. Hun­ man from Ohio [Mr. HuNTER]. Speaker, to direct my tribute to that un- dreds of thousands of patriotic Ameri­ WHY POLAND WILL RISE AGAI.N quenchable fire in the soul of the Polish cans of Polish descent have contributed Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, Sunday, people which has impelled them, when to the advancement of the arts and sci­ the 3d of May, will be the one hundred overrun, defeated by superior power, ences and to service in the Government and fifty-first Constitution Day of the · divided, abused, brutally oppressed, to of our country. Milwaukee has risen to Polish Republic, and, to the great sad­ begin in that same hour to plan their own an eminent position in this Nation due ness and indignation of us all, it finds liberation and to struggle to that end. It to a great extent to the substantial citi­ Poland enslaved. We all know the in­ is today an inspiration to every liberty- zens of Polish descent who have taken a dignities practiced there-the persecu­ loving human of every nationality in the keen interest in civic affairs and have in tion of religion, the degradation of the world to know that under the very eyes conjunction with our other good citizens Polish people, the insults to Polish of their brutal oppressors, the Polish peo- made our city the best governed city in womanhood, the transportation of ple now have a secret organization which this country. My father, who was a armies of people to work at forced labor is awaiting the day when it may sue- phys:cian in Milwaukee, learned to like in Germany. cessfully strike back against Poland's and admire those Polish people to whom The fact is that there has never been oppressors and overthrow those brutal he ministered. I well remember driving barbarism with the same cold, clear aim tyrants who crush her. around with him as he made his sick as this. Hitler was determined in the No people with the soul of the Polish calls in the Polish section of Milwaukee first place-although he seems to have people; no people with the courage of the and hearing his continual praises of the changed his mind now that his own Polish people; no people with the love of honesty and integrity of the people of ·manpower has begun to run out-to liberty of the Polish people; no people Polish descent. My associations with obliterate the Poles or to reduce them with the great spiritual urge to progress those who have a racial heritage from to a race of serfs. · He was doomed to of the Polish people; no people with the Poland have caused me to admire them defeat before he began, because the Poles capacity to endure suffering which the as sound, substantial citizens. I feel can take it. Polish people possess, can ever be con- confident that the spirit of Poland will quered. They may for a time be sub- never die. It may be suppressed for a The Poles can take it. Hitler has out­ dued; they may for a time be laid pros- while by ruthless aggression, but that lawed Polish books, Polish music, he has trate in defeat; they may for a time be :flame of liberty in the hearts of all Poles closed f!olish universities, and the Polish starved and herded into concentration cannot be snuffed out. · language may not be taught in the camps, but they cannot be conquered be- Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now schools. But the national spirit will cause theirs is an unconquerable spirit, yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from survive these prohibitions. The Poles and spirit is not something of :flesh and Massachusetts EMr. CLASON]. were a captive people throughout the last blood, it is a quality of the soul. Op- Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, a century century and managed to maintain their pressors may believe they have conquered and ~ half has elapsed since t'he people national integrity, their dream of inde­ the soul of Poland, but as surely as the of Poland adopted their famous consti­ pendence. sun rises and sets in this world, the day tution on May 3, 1791. Like our own Under the earlier oppressor also it was will come-and pray God it may not be Constitution, it provided for three co­ illegal to teach Polish in the schools. long delayed-when the Polish people will ordinate branches, the legislative, the But behind locked doors, behind cur­ rise again, overthrow their oppressors, executive, and the judicial. It had much tained windows, Polish parents taught and help to reestablish liberty and prog- in common with our Constitution. It it to their children. School teachers, at res-s, happiness, and prosperity among varied in some details as, for instance a the risk of imprisonment, held secret those people who, like themselves, have provision that the King of Poland sho~d --classes so the language might survive. been despoiled by marauders and inter- preside over the upper chamber of the It is rel_ated in the biography of national bandits claiming to be libera- Diet. Mme. Curie, the great woman scientist, tors of their peoples. It further provided for freedom of re- that as a young girl in Poland she was So then, Mr. Speaker, my profound ligion in a period of intolerance. In a one of these pa;triotic teachers. Mme. admiration and respect go out to the few years its people carved out a glorious Curie, as we all know, helped to make Polish people in this ·hour of their suffer- history for their nation. Many of them the miracle of radium possible. She ing. If any word of mine ,could reach have come to our shores and settled died, as did her husband, a martyr to their ears, I would say to them "Despair throughout the United States. In my the cause of alleviating human suffer­ not; lift your eyes to the stars; let your own district they have established them­ ing. A few years ago the women of souls rise to the heights of your hopes; selves as leaders in our communities. America gave a gram of radium to the dre:;tm your _dreams of liberation because They have worked hard, prospered on Radiological Institute of Warsaw in as surely as justice is the ultimate power farms, in business, and in industry. memory of its Polish discoverer. What in the universe, May 3, 1791, shall be In this tragic World War, Polish avia­ has happened to the radium since the repeated for you. You shall know free- tors have established an unsurpassed rep­ war? The Nazis have stolen it. dam again. The legions of your loyal utation for bravery and skill in the air. How can Hitler conquer a nation that sons and daughters in the fighting forces Many thousands are serving valiantly on survived a century of oppression without scattered throughout the world and widely dispersed battle fronts. changing its determination to be free? working, here in the vast stretches of In the United States the record of Resistance against the oppressor is a free America, already are loosening your Americans of Polish extraction is equally tradition; it · is born in the blood. Po­ bonds. In a day not too far distant, your proud. These youths have been enlist- land will-rise again. - oppressors shall know the ·bitter regret· ing long before their names were reached Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield that comes to those, as it has always come on the draft rolls. I have just read a list 2 minutes to my genial friend from New to those, who seek to oppress and destroy of our own honored dead who have re­ York [Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL]. the Polish Nation and the Polish people." cently fallen in battle. A large proper- Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. All hail, then, Poland, a Poland which, tion of the names were the same that one Speaker, it is my privilege to represent a risen, shall be stronger, nobler, greater in reads in a history of Poland. district in which is located the greatest the cause of liberty because of her suf- · Today Poland's future is entwined with industrial democracy in the world, the ferings and her sacrifices. that of our own country. Fighting Endicott-Johnson Shoe Corporation. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield shoulder to shoulder the armed men of When at the turn of the nineteenth cen­ such time a·s he may reqUire to my friend these two nations and their allies will turyGeorge F. Johnson founded this great the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. secure the all-out victory necessary to .democracy, it was dedicated to a square l'mLL]. · the reestablishment of Poland as an in-· deal among his workers. Hundreds upon 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3849 hundreds of Polish · families migrated with my other colleagues in the fine sen­ Poland has not been conquered. Po­ from abroad and came to the triple cities timents that they have expressed about land seemingly has been crushed to earth, of Binghamton, Johnson City, and Endi­ Poland and that I also trust that the time· but Poland is true, and truth, though · cott to help in and to contribute to the is not far distant when the people of that crushed to earth, will rise again. building of this great enterprise. During country will again be reunited. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 that time they enjoyed in Endicott-John­ I subscribe to the philosophy that minutes to my colleague the gentlewoman son alongside workers of Anglo-Saxon, truth must ultimately prevail over error. from Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON]. Irish, Czechoslovakian, Bohemian, Ital­ I believe that in the war now raging all . Mrs·. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I, too, · ian, and Lithuanian parentage the rights over the world this philosophy will prove want to thank the gentleman from Mich­ which the workers in other parts of the correct and that despotism and oppres­ igan [Mr. DINGELL] for the opportunity country gained only after great struggle. sion will be defeated. to express at this anniversary time my . Today on every train that leaves for Truth crushed to earth shall rise aga~n. personal sense of gratitude to the Polish the great training camps of the country, God's eternal years are hers, people for their courage-for their stand in every contingent from my district, the But error wounded writhes in pain, throughout the centuries for those things sons of Polish men and women are going And dies among her worshipers. which mean freedom and beauty to all the world. along with all the others to do their bit in Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 this great war against aggression. So minutes to my colleague from New York We in Cleveland have reason to be today I take this opportunity to pay trib­ [Mr. BUTLER]. . grateful to Poland. To us have come ute particularly to the Poles of my sec­ many of her people. They have settled tion who have done so much to mak,e the . Mr. BUTLER. Mr. Speaker, neither in and have taken upon themselves the community that I represent loyal, Amer­ Americans nor the world at large today duties of citizenship with intelligence ican, and patriotic, and who have con­ need any proof of the simple courage and understanding of the meaning of tributed their all to the defense and the and bravery of the Polish people. With freedom. They contribute much to our their beloved and dearly bought country life. offense of our cause. in ruins about them, their most glorious Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield Many have spoken here today of Po­ monuments and institutions destroyed, land's amazing history-of her suffering, such time as he may desire to the gen­ or debased by one of the· most cruel tleman from Minnesota [Mr. PITTENGER]. her indomitable soul, and the glory of tyrannies the modern age has ever ex­ her refusal to have the fire of her spirit Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, I perienced, still the Polish Nation lives thank my colleague from Michigan [Mr. dimmed. Many have told us of the free­ in the hearts of its people. dom t}J.at has been hers-that she will so DrNGELL] for this opportunity to join Today I want to pay a brief tribute to with other Members of the House in pay­ surely have again. I want to speak for the Polish people for the example of a moment about what she has given all ing tribute to the Polish people at this stanch faith they are maintaining in the time. mankind through music. How many of principles for which all liberty-loving her children there are who have contrib­ There is not much that I can add to peoples of the world are. fighting and uted to keep alive beauty that is, after the encomiums which we have heard here sacrificing. all, the interpretation of the law of life. · today. The Polish people richly deserve When· the full record of -the Nazi bar­ Uncountable numbers have sat breath­ every word of approbation that has been barities is written, we will know more of less while the great Ignace Paderewski uttered on the floor of the House. the horror which swept the Polish people played. How many of these same people . My first acquaintance with the Polish and we will be thrilled again to know revered him with deep understanding people came from the pages of American more of how they met a terrible catas­ when he became President of the Poland history. I recall my early days in school trophe, touching every man, woman, and he so truly loved. Others there are­ and the story of the Revolutionary War. child of Polish blood. Any sacrifices we many of them-whose music gives in­ Among the many outstanding heroes may make for our own beloved America spiration to all who hear it. Many there were Generals Kosciusko and Pulaski. cannot but pale before those so bravely are who thrill to the story of courage They rendered a signal service to the made and being made today by the Polish that is Poland. Americans at that time. They were typi­ people in their own country and in exile. In Cleveland we are particularly proud cal of the Polish people. They were men We thank them today for their mag­ that the conductor of our beautiful sym­ of courage, men of character, and out­ nificent example. Even to think of their phony orchestra, Artur Rodzinski, came standing in their love for liberty and their battle strengthens the will of Americans to us from Poland. We rejoJced when it hatred of oppressors. to carry on for ultimate victory. was made possible through the marvels When. I made mY home in Minnesota The Polish love of victory had great of radio that our orchestra under his I found a great many Polish people in the expression in America's own fight for paton could recently interpret the mar­ Eighth Congressional District. I became freedom in 1776, when Pulaski, Sobieski, tial music of Poland, with all its under­ acquainted with them. I found them to and Kosciusko devoted their lives and standing of suffering and anguish and be hardworking and industrious. They fortunes to the American cause. glory tl\at only soldiers know, to our men are good, loyal American citizens, and Later, hundreds of thousands of Poles in Bataan and other Philippine outposts. discharge their duties and obligations to came here seeking liberty and greater op­ So it is with sincere appreciation of the community and to the country in a portunity and enriched American life Poland's contribution to beauty and to way that entitles them to the highest with their thrift, enterprise, and patri- · freedom that I join with all of you in commendation. otism. My own city of Buffalo numbers expressing the certainty that the Poland On this one hundred and fifty-first an­ thousands of citizens of Polish descent, that is so thrillingly alive in the hearts niversary of the adoption of the Consti­ and we are proud to voice our apprecia­ of the world today will be a strong force tution of Poland they are thinking of the tion for what they have done for our for freedom in the world of tomorrow. people of Poland. Others of different common community, Mr. DINGELL. Mr.' Speaker, I ;yield 2 nationalities are doing the same thing. Above all, we Americans today thank minutes to the gentleman from KefUucky All of us wish to convey to those people the Polish people especially for their [Mr. ROBSION]. who have been overtaken by tragedy and splendid dedication throughout the gen­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. who are now under the control of the op­ erations to the cause of human liberty, Speaker, I wish to commend our col­ pressors, a message of sympathy and a regardless of the terrible price they have league the gentleman from Michigan for · message of hope at this time. It is our paid and are still paying to maintain it. affording us this opportunity to give ex­ wish that Poland may again become a Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 pression to our sentiments toward that free and independent nation. We trust minute to my colleague the gentleman fine country, Poland, and her people. that out of this world conflict the op­ from North Carolina [Mr. FoLGERL The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. pressed people in other lands will be re­ Mr. FOLGER. Mr. Speaker, I cannot DINGELL], as a Member of this House, has stored to their homes and that their · refrain from expressing my highest ap­ himself displayed those splendid quali­ countries may again be reestablished. preciation of and love for the people of ties characteristic of the Polish people. Hope springs eternal in the human Poland and those of Polish extraction I have a very, very limited number of breast, and today may I say that I join who dwell among us. Polish people in my own congressional 3850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 district. However, more than 120 years Ever since that day of Vienna the ad­ in Nation's Business, the official organ of ago the State Legislature of Kentucky, miration of the earth has been divided the United States · Chamber of Com­ in order to show its appreciation for the between the ravishing beauty of the merce, some 10 years ago under the title wonderful services of the great Polish music and art of Poland and her roman­ "Cheap Silver Means Reduced World patriot, Count Pulaski, who gave his life tic struggle for liberty. Buying Power," in the issue for October for our country and our freedom in the Twenty-five years ago a great idealist 1930. Revolutionary War, named one of the was President of the United States. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield finest counties in my district for him, Woodrow Wilson dreamed that the Al­ 2 minutes to my colleague the gentleman and also named a town in that county mighty had flung into his lap the oppor­ from Tilinois [Mr. JoHNSON]. for him. tunity to hammer the swords into Mr. JOHNSON . of Illinois. Mr. I have always greatly admired the plowshares and the spears into prun­ Speaker, I desire to express my appre­ Polish people for their contributions to ing hooks. He said that the Yugoslavs, ciation to the gentleman from Michigan science, art, and literature. I have been the Czechoslovaks, and the Poles should for granting me this time. It so hap­ intrigued with their tragic struggle again breathe the pure air of liberty. pens that I have never had the privilege through the centuries to maintain their The fact that he was not able to make of traveling the lands of Poland, as has freedom. I indulge the hope that at no that dream permanent was the great been experienced by some of the former distant date the Polish people and the tragedy of his life and made him the speakers, and neither do I have any Polish Nation will be restored to their great casualty of that war. amount of Polish people in my district, freedom and to their rightful place in the In this war in which we are now en­ but I was impressed very much when I world. gaged we have in this country an illus­ came on the floor by the experience I Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 tration of something that has happened have had this morning in listening to minutes to the gentleman from Ohio but once or twice in the history of this these tributes paid to Poland. All the [Mr. THOM]. country, and that is that on the subject world knows of the sacrifice and the Mr. THOM. Mr. Speaker, there is of the war there is only one party in this heroic fight that the Polish people are nothing so dramatic or so glorious as Congress and in the United States. The putting up so that they may perpetuate the underground war that is being waged great parties have joined in a relentless freedom throughout the world for the against Hitler and his armies by the sub­ war to achieve a complete victory for democracies. So in the Senate Office dued nations of the continent of Europe. liberty. When that time comes, then the Building this morning, before the Gil­ In this secret and risky business of un­ Pole will again enjoy the free air of lib­ lette committee, which is studying the derground war against their oppressor· erty. Until that end is attained we have rubber situation, there was unfolded a Poland plays a leading part. Its people· no other issue and on that we are all story most dramatic of a great Polish retain their patriotism. Because they do, agreed-just keeping in our minds al­ scientist who has recently come to this they are resisting the German conqueror ways, the first, foremost, and paramount .country and who appeared before that by delaying production in their factories, objective of all-the speedy winning of committee this morning. He was a by destroying crops, and by circulating this war. manufacturer of synthetic rubber in Po­ through secret newspapers news of what Then, never again will the craft of land. Synthetic rubber is the product is happening outside of Poland favorable another Frederick the Great, as of old, which we so vitally need. Before the to the destruction of Germany and her partition Poland between Prussia, Rus­ committee was told the dramatic story army. sia, and Austria and thus enslave Po­ of how he lost his plant, lost his busi­ Some ingenious Pole in a spirit of pa­ land. Then Poland shall enjoy her well­ ness, and was put in a concentration triotism has rewritten the Ten Com­ earned freedom and generation after camp, and then was shipped down to mandments to apply to Poland,· and I generation of Poles shall recount her Italy with instructions to help the Ital­ shall read his revised edition, which has ·victories for liberty as we today cele­ ians and show them the secret processes been circulated in printed form among brate the one hundred and fiftieth an- of making rubber. It was not revealed the loyal people. niversary of her constitution. · just how it happened, but through good I. Thou shalt have no earthly love above Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield Polish friends they got this scientist out me. 2 minutes to my distinguished friend the of there and brought him down to Rio II. Thou shalt not take the name of Poland gentleman from Idaho [Mr. WHITE]. de . Janiero, and then he was brought for thine own glory, career, or reward. Mr. WIDTE. Mr. Speaker, as a boy I here and is now engaged in demonstrat­ III. Remember that thou shall give unto was always impressed and inspired by ing beyond the shadow of a doubt how Poland without hesitation thy possessions, the history of Poland. The Poles were of rubber, which we so vitally need to win thy personaJ happiness, and thy life. IV. Honor Poland, thy motherland, as thine great assistance in the establishment of the war, can be provided at a cost of own mother·. this Nation and the principles under about one-fifth of the plant cost as com­ V. Fight persistently with Poland's ene­ which we have become one of the pre­ pared with rubber produced from pe­ mies to thy last breath, to the last drop of eminent powers of the earth. troleum and at one-.third of the cost of blood in thy veins. I am wondering how many of the plant operation. This source of rubber VI. Struggle with thine own complacency Members of the House and how many of will come from grain alcohol. So Po­ and cowardice. the people of the United States know land has sent, through her ambassador VII. Be without mercy to them that betray that our standard of value, our unit ·of aid to all of the Allies who are fighting the Polish name. VIII. Always and everywhere boldly admit­ monetary value, the dollar, came to us to preserve democracy by showing the that thou art a Pole. from Poland. The story is that there way to provide us with one of the things IX. Suffer none to have doubts as to was a silver mine in Poland in St. Joa­ we have been most worried about, and Poland. chimsdale, and the owner mined silver I, in my humble way, am glad to pay my X. Let no one insult Poland, belittle her and minted a coin which was put into tribute to heroic Poland. merits and greatness, her achievements and circulation and into business there, and Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now majest~ Thou shalt love Poland above all they were called J oachimsthaler. Pass­ yield to the gen~leman from Michigan else, save only God. Thou shalt love her ing on to Germany, this name was short­ [Mr. JONKMAN]. more than thyself. ened to "thaler /' which in the Low Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. ·speaker, I ask A people who can so pledge themselves Countries became a "daler." Then they unanimous consent to extend my re­ surely cannot finally lose their freedom. went into England, and there they were marks in the RECORD at this point. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield called a dollar, and from that name we The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there such time as he may desire to the gen­ get our standard dollar of 412% grains objection? tleman from Kansas [Mr. GUYER]. of silver as our monetary unit of value. .There was no objection. Mr. GUYER. Mr. Speaker, ever since I think it appropriate at this time to Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, liber­ John Sobieski and his Polish army saved remind the House of this bit of history ty-loving Americans spontapeously join western civilization at the gates of about our money and the part the Poles -the Polish people in the celebration of Vienna 300 years ago the world has played in giving us this unit of value. ConstitutiCin Day of Poland on May 3, owed a debt of gratitude it shall never If you are interested in pursuing the next. be able to pay to Poland. Wherever subject further, I suggest you read the Situated in the heart of continental there is a struggle for liberty the Pole is articles written by John Hays Hammond, Europe, in most disadvantageous sur­ where the hell of battle plunges. the famous mining engineer, and printed roundings, Poland's heroic fight for the 1942 QONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3851 principles of freedom has for centuries Washington's friend and adviser; and we I know these people and their real been the inspiration of all apostles of know that in all our wars the boys of inborn spirit and desire perhaps as well free institutions. Polish blood have fought bravely and as anyone here present today. I was Poland's contribution and sacrifice of loyally side by side with other American born amongst them in East Prussia or military genius to America's struggle for boys in defense of our common country. that part of Germany that had not long independence fills us with a never-to-be­ They are doing it today, and we are before been a part of Poland. All the forgotten debt of gratitude. proud of them because we claim them names of the cities and villages were then Poland's offspring, nurtured in this as our own. Polish boys fight in our still Polish. The order had just been tradition and transplanted here have armies; they play on our football and issued by the Kaiser to change them to naturally, and as to the manner born, baseball teams; and if there be any man German, and prohibited the use of the taken a leading part in the development who doubts their strength or courage, let Polish language in schools and churches. of this great Nation. Both in my State him ask those other boys who have served Germans like ourselves were sent in there and district Americans of Polish extrac­ with them in the grim business of war to take over and operate these formerly tion have made outstanding contribu­ or competed and played with them on owned Polish farms. I believe that the tions to the life and welfare of common­ the peaceful fields of athletics. effect of seeing these people who had wealth and community. Poland has had a troubled history. been the real owners of these lands being Once again Poland is crushed under Throughout the centuries it has strug­ made the servants m:: slaves of the Ger­ the heel of the tyrant and the oppressor gled for national existence against power­ man Government caused my folks to seek but the time will surely come when, with ful and cruel neighbors. Americans pay a haven in this country. The impression the help of the Nation which she be­ tribute today to the character of the I got as a child living with these con­ friended in its infancy, she will again Polish people who are now a part of us, quered people has never been forgotten. stand forth and we hope permanently in and join with them in the fervent wish My father and mother were loved by the glorious freedom which has been her that the Republic of Poland with our these Polish people, because they knew ideal throughout the centuries. A few help may again expel ruthless invaders that they were not treated as slaves or weeks ago it was my pleasure to meet her and become an independent, peaceful, even servants; they and their children great Prime Minister and commander in and happy nation. were always welcome in our home, and I chief of the Polish armed forces, Gen. · Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield and my brother and sister played with Wladyslaw Sikorski, and I could not help now to the gentleman from California their children in their homes. I learned but sense the inspirational leadership [Mr. ROLPH]. to talk Polish fluently but very often that has always helped the Polish people Mr. ROLPH. Mr. Speaker, in ·extend­ some German official or school teacher when crushed to rise again. It is my ing felicitations to Poland and to the would punish me along with the Polish hope and prayer and faith that Poland Polish people living in the United States, children for talking Polish. will rise again and on her own soil, under I want to say that my own city of San I got so I hated everything connected her own leadership to celebrate Constitu­ Francisco feels honored that our munici­ with the government. The fact that tution Day as a permanently free and in­ pality has been selected as one of the when we met some small-town official we dependent people. cities in the United States to house a were compelled to doff our hats and Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield Polish General Consulate. stand at attention infuriated me. In now to the gentleman from New York Recently the Honorable and Madame spite of the punishment I received all [Mr. HANCOCK]. Wladyslaw Sokolowski, representing the too frequently I refused to refrain from Mr. HANCOCK. Mr. Speaker, I was · Polish Government, have taken up their mingling with the Polish children, in unaware until I came on the floor a few residence in San Francisco. We feel, fact it made me more determined to be moments ago that today's session of the with these charming people in our midst, with them, because Lknew that they were House was to be dedicated to an expres­ the relationship between the far West certainly as good as I was. sion of our admiration for the Polish and Poland will become ever closer. Yes; that is the spirit that. dominates people, our sympathy for their sufferings, It is a privilege to join with my col­ our Polish friends today, and it will never and our determination that this great leagues in this signal tribute in the House . be broken. Here in America these same people shall agajn take their proper of Representatives to the great Polish formerly_ persecuted people have brought place among the nations of the world. people and their great contribution to with them and retained the spirit and I wish to take advantage of this oppor­ democracy. willingness to fight for and preserve free­ tunity afforded by my friend from Michi­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I now dom. No finer people can be found any­ gan [Mr. DINGELL] to add my tribute to yield to the gentleman from Wisconsin where. They are honest,.dependable, and those which others have been paid this [Mr. GEHRMANN]. above all else loyal to their friends and afternoon. Mr. GEHRMANN. Mr. Speaker, I had their country. I feel certain that these Although I have never had the ad­ something I wanted to say here this dark clouds will soon disappear, and that vantage of visiting Poland, there are a afternoon, but I was called out on busi­ the bright light of freedom is very near. great many people of Polish descent liv­ ness and have been unable so far to finish In conclusion let me congratulate the ing in my home city whom I am glad Polish people for their foresight when it. I, . ther~fore, ask unanimous consent to call warm personal friends. I know to extend my remarks in the RECORD at long ago they adopted their constitution, their pride in the land of their fore­ this point. which like our own g~ve them that free­ fathers and their love for it, and I know dom that will again be the inspiration to their loyalty and devotion toward this · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there other persecuted people like them who the land of their adoption. I do not objection? ar'e now under the heel of the dictators. think of them as a distinct and separate There was no objection. Truth and freedom will always prevail group living among us, but as Americans ALL HONOR TO POLAND AND H ER BRAVE PEOPLE and never can be conquered. like the rest of us, all of whom have the ·Mr. GEHRMANN. Today Poland cele­ · Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 blood of Europe in our veins. It is no brates the anniverEary of the adoption of minutes to the gentleman from New York disloyalty to America for one to hold the her constitution. In this dark hour, after [Mr. DICKSTEIN]. country of his ancestry in affectionate more than 2 years of persecution, whole­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I, too, regard. sale murder, and destruction by Hitler's join in this great event, honoring the The world knows and acknowledges its hordes, the spirit of the gallant people of birthday of the first Constitution of Po-· debt to Poland for its contributions to Poland is unconquered. They have suf­ land. I was one of the privileged to travel science, music, and literature. Ameri­ fered untold agony, but they by their through that country on several occa­ cans know how much the Poles who have heroic example have shown the rest of sions, and I witnessed the struggle of the come to these shores have enriched this the world that brutal might may tempo­ Polish people to restore themselves to country in industry, in agriculture, in the rarily check them, but the spirit of that their proper place in the world. The Pol­ profess1ons, in government, in the arts burning desire . to be a free people can ish people in this country have demon­ and sciences, and in sturdy character. never be subdued. It was the spirit of strated over and over again their loyaltY, We know the story of Casimir Pulaski, love of freedom that caused many great their fidelity, and their friendship for who gave his life fighting for our inde­ Polish statesmen and patriots to offer and humanity. The people of Poland have pendence, and of Thaddeus Kosciusko, give their lives for our beloved country. struggled to regain the democracy which 3852 CONGRESSIO-NAL RECORD-HOUSE - APRIL 30 has been lost to them on several occa­ thing he would want me to do would be I am glad to salute the brave Polish sions since 1772, when Poland was first to praise him for his loyalty, but I am people on this anniversary of their con­ partitioned by her neighbors, but what happy to do it. I am happy to do it be­ stitution, and I am certain that with all has happened to Poland in 1939 will go cause he deserves it. He is a whole­ their suffering they must realize history down in the blackest pages of history, hearted person, sympathetic almost to a almost cries out the message tyrants' recording the rape by the Nazis of that fault, and devoted to the principles for days are numbered, and wherever people great democracy. I am told by people which he stands. I salute you, my col­ are inherently and sincerely liberty lov­ that at this very time all sorts of crimes league, for your devotion, and I think it ing liberty will be theirs. and outrages are being committed by the a grand thing that he has asked for this Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, because Nazi Government in the occupied portion time in order that the Members could of the many requests for permission to of Poland. God knows that the Polish come here today and say something in address the House which have been un­ people have suffered vastly more than behalf of an afflicted people. filled, I ask unanimous consent that the any other nation in the world, and so I . Detroit boasts much of its Polish popu­ gentleman from Michigan [Mr. TENERO­ pray that the time will come when lation. The first man ever raised to the wiczJ, the gentleman from Pennsylvania through God we will be able to avenge all dignity of a bishopric from my own Uni­ [Mr. VAN ZANDTJ, the gentlewoman from of the rotten and dastardly things that versity of Detroit was the Polish priest New Jersey [Mrs. NORTON], the gentle­ Hitler has committed upon the women and scholar, Bishop Plagens. Two of the man from Michigan [Mr. LESINSKI], and and children of Poland, and I hope and Catholic bishops of Michigan today trace the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. pray that the time is not far distant when their origin to Polish Christian homes. · CASEY] may be given 5 legislative days the Polish people may be restored to their Their leadership and patriotism are un­ within which to extend their own place in the world. surpassed. The recent lieutenant gov- · remarks. Poland was the bulwark of European ernor, Leo Nowicki, is an outstanding ·The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ civilization for hundreds of years, at the leader, a graduate of the University of out objection, the request is granted. period when the German Empire was Michigan, cum laude. Likewise, I could There was no objection. seeking to spread its tentacles throughout mention a number of Members of this Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask central and eastern Europe. Poland House. From my own State of Michi­ unanimous consent that all Members stood in the vanguard of protection of the gan there are three outstanding gentle­ who have spoken may be privileged to small communities of that part of the men of Polish extraction in Congress at revise and extend their own remarks. world which resisted the might of the this time: Representatives DINGELL, LEs­ The SPEAKER pro 'tempore. Without German Empire as well as the attacks INSKI, and· TENEROWICZ. George Sadow­ objection, it is so ordered. coming from the east by the forces of ski, previously a member of this body' Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, that con­ Genghis Khan, which sought to enslave was one of the first in recent years to cludes the program outlined for today. Europe in a Mongol empire. carry the Democratic b~mner to the Sen­ I wish to express my gratitude and ap­ When Germany, goaded by its early ate of the State of Michigan. These preciation to the Members of the House Hitlers, expell~d a large number of Jews, statements of mine proclaim their lead­ for having expressed themselves on this it was the Polish King Casimir the Great ership. "By their works ye shall know occasion of the birth of the Constitution who welcomed them into his own country. them." As a race, they have done -much of Poland. Thereafter, the story of Poland was the for the development of the g·reat State of ADJOURNMENT OVER story of a nation which sought to estab­ Michigan, nor has their effort been lack­ lish within its borders a democratic gov­ ing in the progress of the automotive Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ernment and which, by reason of its industry in the city of Detroit, now right­ ask unanimous consent that when the position, at the crossroads of the East and fully called the arsenal of democracy. House adjourns today it adjourn to meet the West, acted as the defender of Euro­ Mr. DINGELL. I thank the gentle­ on Monday next. pean civilization against Turks and man from Michigan. The SPEP..KER. Is there objection to Tartars. Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he the request of the gentleman from Mas­ It was the Polish King, John Sobieski, may desire to the gentleman from New sachusetts? who, in 1683, saved the city of Vienna Jersey [Mr. CANFIELD]. There was no objection. from the Turkish invasion, thus prevent­ Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker­ ing the collapse of the then German Em­ SOLDY'I!:Re AND SAILORS' CIVIL RELIEF pire. America is freedom's paradise on earth. ACT The German rulers of today are repay­ Our land looks thus to a Polish lad who Mr. SPARKM:AN. Mr. Speaker, I ask fng Poland for her generosity by seeking came to our shores in 1939, a few weeks unanimous consent to address the House to destroy every vestige of Polish .inde­ before his homeland was blitzkrieged by for 1 minute. I have consulted the three pendence and by seeking to eradicate this the Nazi war machine. gent!cmen who have special orders, and valiant race from the face of the earth. The newcomer came to America to fin­ it is agreeable to them. I am sure that all liberty-loving per­ ish his education. He found a home with The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there sons in the world will watch with sym­ people in my neighborhood in Paterson, objection? pathetic concern the struggle of Poland N. J. Today he wonders if his father There was n() objection. to reclaim its indenendence. and two brothers, left behind in Warsaw, Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield are still alive. His description of Amer­ asked for this time, and I do appreciate such time as he may desire to the gen­ ica was given to me last Memorial Day the cooperation of my . colleagues in tleman from Michigan [Mr. RABAUT]. · when I saw him saluting our flag, and I granting it, for the purpose of making Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, I just asked him what he thought of the coun­ an announcement. came into the chamber. I am very ap­ try where he ·had found asylum. I am today dropping into the hopper preciative to my colleague from Michi­ Today this lad seeks to fight alongside a bill to amend the Soldiers and Sailors' gan [Mr. DINGELL] yielding to me that I American youths, to conquer those who Civil Relief Act of 1940. For the last sev­ might voice my sentiments on this have enslaved his people and would ex­ eral weeks a subcommittee of -~he Mili­ occasion. tend their conquest world-wide. tary Affairs Committee, consisting of the I wish to say for my· colleague from For 3 years I have eaten American bread gentleman· from Texas [1\t:Ir. KIL;DAY], the Michigan [Mr. DINGELL] that his devotion and inhaled American air, and believe me, gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HARNESS], to his people has been something that has it feels mighty good. and myself as chairman of that subcom­ endeared him to me. I was with him in mittee, has been wo_rking on this par­ Europe when war broke out 2 years ago. He recently wrote the President. ticular bill. While my name is attached Previous to that time he had made an ex­ By fighting with the armed forces of Amer­ to it, I want it understood that equal tended trip into many parts of Poland. ica I hope to show at least in small measure credit belongs to those two other gentle­ He feels to a marked degree, for which my gratitude to this cQuntry and to see that men who have worked so long and I admire him, the tremendous suffering the institutions of freedom I admire so much patiently in the preparation of the bill. that those people have endured. He has are not destroyed. We have had great help from Major told me about it on many occasions and This lad breathes the spirit of old Partlow and Major Longfellow, of the I know he is somewhat provoked that I Poland which has contributed so much to War Department, and Mr. Breining, As­ should talk about it here, because the last our United States~ sistant Administrator of the Veterans' 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS.E 3853 Administration, as well as valuable sug­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. McCORMACK. I assure the gen­ gestions from the American Bankers As­ ask unanimous consent to extend my own tleman that I hiwe it definitely in mind. sociation, the American Bar Association, remarks in the RECORD and to include a The gentleman will agree, of course, that the Legal Aid Bureau, and many other very interesting item appearing recently the calling of the bills on the Private persons interested in this particular leg­ in Business Week.entitled "Boston Plan," Calendar has not been dispensed with islation. I invite your attention to this showing a constructive approach made by very much during the present session of measure. leaders of public organizations, labor and Congress. _ [Here the gavel fell.] business organizations, toward a volun­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tary solution of industrial and labor diffi­ objection to the request of the gentleman EXTENSION OF REMARKS culties. from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK]? Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without There was no objection. ~ unanimous consent to extend my own objection, it is so ordered. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a remarks ·in the RECORD and include there­ There was no objection. · previous special order of the House, the in an article written by the gentleman PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE gentleman from New York [Mr. DICK­ from Tennessee [Mr. GoRE]. STEIN] is recognized for 10 minutes. ·The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without Mr. O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker, .I ask objection, it is so ordered. unanimous consent to address the House ENLISTMENT OF CERTAIN ALIENS IN THE There was no objection. for 1 minute. CAUSE OF THE UNITED STATES Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I ask ·The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, in · unanimous consent to extend my own re­ objection, it is so ordered. connection with the celebration of the marks in the Appendix of the RECORD There was no objection. anniversary of the Constitution of Po­ and to include therein a letter from The Mr. O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker, the pro­ land, may I call to the attention of the Adjutant General. fessional drys of this country who do not House that there are a number of aliens The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without mind taking a nip themselves before who have entered this country since war objection, it is so ordered. they go to bed are once again endeavOr­ broke out and even before--men out­ There was no objection. ing to foist upon the country the ruie of standing in their particular fields of Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Capone and Dutch Schultz. They have endeavor and vocations; men who are unanimous consent to extend my own caused to be introduced into this House raring to go-anxious to put their skill, remarks in the RECORD and to include legislation that would bar the use of in­ their knowledge, and their very lives at therein a letter from State Represeqta­ toxicants by the armed forces. If. these the disposal of the democracies. These tive Thomas T. Gray to Mr. Leon Hen­ people believe in democracy let us hold a men are begging to be allowed to join derson, Price Administrator, concerning plebiscite a'mong the members of the the armed forces of the United States. the gasoline rationing. armed forces alone; let them vote as to In a number of instances to which my The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without whether or not they shall be entitled to attention has been called, however, they objection, it is so ordered. . the same recreational opportunities as are encountering difficulties just because There was no objection. civilians. they are aliens-and in some cases clas­ Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask DISPENSING WITH CALL OF THE PRIVATE sified "enemy aliens." unanimous consent to extend my own CALENDAR There are thousands and thousands of remarks in the RECORD and to include Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I aliens who have-no more use for the Nazi therein an article written by one of mY ask unanimous consent that the calling · or Fascist forms of government than any constituents, winner of a contest span- - of bills on the Private Calendar on Tues­ one of us. These people would gladly sored by the American Legion of Ohio. day next be dispensed with. become citizens immediately, if they had The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the opportunity, but under our statutes objection, it is so ordered. objection to the request of the gentleman they have to wait a period of 5 years. There was no objection. from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK]? They are ready and willing to fight on the American side--for the ideals and PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, re­ serving the right to object, when is the ideas for which they have suffered im­ Mr. BEITER. Mr. Speaker, I ask gentleman going to have that calendar measurable miseries and heartaches. unanimous consent that at the conclu­ called? We have reported some imPor­ The Army has been a little slow in ab­ sion of the special orders for today I tant bills we would like to dispose of. sorbing a lot of these men who have may address the House for 10 minutes. Mr. McCORMACK. As th~ gentleman, very ·valuable qualifications, as far as The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without knows, the Private Calendar has been knowledge of foreign languages and objection, it is so ordered. called more times during the past year enemy territory is concerned. There was no objection. than it has been in many sessions. The According to a little survey I have EXTENSION OF REMARKS only business for next week, , if I may made during the past few years, among · take a little time, will be the District ap­ this group of aliens there are outstand­ Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. propriation bill, which will be called up ing scientists, doctors, chemists, engi­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ either on Monday or Tuesday. Of course, neers, and other men who fled the Axis tend my own remarks in the RECORD and bills on the Consent Calendar will be countries, whose families and friends to include therein an article from the called on Monday. Calendar Wednesday have been destroyed by the Axis powers, April edition of the magazine Columbia business will be dispensed with. I know whose property has been confiscated entitled "America Fights for God-Given of no other business now for next week. and whose women have been raped. Rights," which contains comments upon I do not want to say definitely now that Their hate of the Axis partners and and excerpts from addresses by the Most there will be no other business, but I everything they stand for is based upon Reverend Francis J. Spellman, archbish­ know of none at this time. In connection personal injury and suffering. These op of New York, and Hon. J. Edgar Hoov­ with bills on the Private Calendar, of people are eager to revenge their loved er, Director of the Federal Bureau of In­ course, the Private Calendar was called ones and to free the world of fascism vestigation, and others, broadcast over recently. and nazi-ism, the brutality of which they station WEAF in New York on March 22. Mr. DICKSTEIN. There are a num­ have experienced themselves. Why do The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without ber of omnibus bills which we have com­ we brand the victims of oppression en­ objection, it is so ordered. mitted ourselves to report out. emy aliens? Why do we humiliate these .. There was no objection. Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. poor people who have escaped the perse­ Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. DICKSTEIN. They will take up cution of the Axis countries and have unanimous consent to extend my own the best part of the day. come here to join forces with all who are remarks in the RECORD and to include Mr. McCORMACK. I would prefer not willing to fight against the ruthless de­ therein an ·editorial from the La Crosse to have an omnibus bill taken up next stroyers of civilization? I believe that Tribune Leader Press of April 28, 1942. week. we ought to remove the stigma of being The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without Mr. DICKSTEIN. That is agreeable classified "enemy aliens" from many law­ objection, it is so ordered. to me except I would like to some day abiding, sincere, and fine . people whose l'here was no objection. · some time next month. . only "crime" is that they were born in a LXXXVIII-243 3854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--:-HOUSE APRIL 30 country that had the misfortune to fall relied upon to win this war. It is the intact. Anybody who pursues any other easy prey to a Hitler or Mussolini. We people ·themselves who, as always, must course, with any other idea than this, is should make use ot their talents and not only do· the fighting and the dying a traitor to his people and his Nation. training to fight our common enemy, and the paying, but who must put the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a They know the countries fighting against great, all-decisive strength of public de­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ us, they know the areas, and they would termination behind the program enunci­ man from Idaho [Mr. WHITE l is recog­ be a great help to our American soldiers. ated by the President to combat in:fiation, nized for 20 minutes. I have every reason to believe they would and behind the efforts now being poured make good soldiers. They are ready and into production and delivery of the ma­ MONETARY POLICY willing to lay down their lives for this chines and munitions of war to the Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, today is country and for democracy because they, armies and navies of the Allies. pay day in the Capitol of the United better than anyone else, know what our The information revealed in the Presi­ States. It is very interesting to go into fate would be if the dark forces of bar­ dent's message to the Congress, and in the office of the Sergeant at Arms of the . barism and destruction were to be vic­ his radio address to the Nation, is not House and then go over to the disburs­ torious. new, but seems so to the Nation because ing office of the Senate and see all the The Army and Navy may fear that heretofore the question of the world­ young folks, the clerical help employed they may be fifth columnists or sixth wide distribution of our fighting forces about the Capitol, lined up and drawing columnists, but believe me when I say in the Army and the Navy has been down theil_' pay; cashing their Govern­ to you, after the survey I have made, I largely a matter of rumor rather than of ment checks, and being handed out cash am more than satisfied that there are official declaration. for those checks. hundreds and thousands of these fine Whatever the feelings of the American When we stop to think of the opera­ men who are ready to serve and die for people may be so far as the "blood and tions of the Treasury's fiscal policy, it is this country. · sweat and tears" involved are concerned~ interesting to see that most of the I appear to the American people, I say tpere must be, if we are to keep faith money that is being paid to these folks, to the Army and to the Navy, that all with our men in the fighting lines, one ·being paid to the Senators, and being these technical restrictions now in ef­ unified determination on the part of all paid to the Members of the House, is feet should be relaxed, as we need man­ the American people to see to it that the silver certificates, in $1, $5, and $10 de­ power. This is not a war lik~ the first equipment and supplies necessary for our nominations, that are redeemable in sil­ war. ·This is going to be the war of wars fighting forces and those of our Allies to ver dollars, silver that is costing the for some time to come and we hope that achieve decisive victory are delivered to G~>Vernment, so the magazine Time said it will end all wars for all time to come. them in sufficient quantities in time to in an article I have just read, and that . We need all the manpower, we need all do the job. Anything short of that, no is borne out by the record of the Treas­ the brains, we need all the technical help · matter what the promises, no matter ury, about 50 cents. In other words, in­ we can get, and we have it right in our what the excuses, no matter what the stead of its costing the Government own country if we will only take advan­ conditions may be, would be a base be­ $10,000 a· year to maintain one Congress­ tage of these people, if we will only relax trayal of the boys we have sent out to man in Washington, it costs the Govern­ a number of technical regulations that risk their lives, their bodies, and their ment in actual cash about $5,000 a year. have no place on our statute books at minds in the service of their country. That is a very interesting situation. this time when we are fighting a desper­ The time has passed for any excuses. Today when the Sergeant at Arms was ate battle for the preservation of hu­ The time has passed for allowing any­ himself on hand I took occasion to draw manity and c.ivilization. thing whatsoever, any interest or any a little check in the amount of $16 in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a accidents, to interfere with the produc­ drawing down some of the pay that is previous special order of the House, the tion and delivery of the machines and due me for serving here in this capacity. gentleman from Michigan [Mr. WooD­ munitions of war. The Sergeant at Arms handed me a RUFF] is recognized for 10 minutes: The American people must and will brand-spanking-new $1 bill, a $5 bill, IT IS THE PEOPLE WHO MUST WIN keep before them, also, this further fact: and a $10 bill. On each one of these THIS WAR Just as it would be a base betrayal of bills is inscribed "Redeemable in silver." our fighting forces for us at home to fail It was such an interesting fact, and Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. to produce and to deliver to them the so well refutes the constant barrage of Speaker, the country has learned some­ fighting equipment and supplies they so propaganda put out against the Govern­ what more of the stark facts of the war desperately need, so, too, it would be a ment's silver policy, that I took occasion in which we are engaged from the mes­ ' base betrayal of those fighting forces if to have a photographer on hand, a gen­ sage sent by the President to the Congress we at home permit, in their absence on tleman with a :flash bulb and a camera, and its further amplification in the their missions to other parts of the to take ·a picture and give ocular evi­ President's radio address. world, our American way of government dence that there was such a policy in We now know the men of our Army and our American way of life, to be over­ operation by the Government, and that and Navy are fighting all over the world. turned either through in:fiation or we are being paid with money "as good We now positively know what we have through the machinations of any mis­ as gold," these silver certificates, :flowing suspected for a considerable time-that guided groups who might believe they through the channels of trade and busi­ the American people must pay the price could improve upon our American con­ ness, in every pocket and every till in this and must make the sacrifices in "blood stitutional form of government, our country where money is handled, certifi­ and sweat and tears," to. use Churchill's American free enterprise system of econ­ cates on which the Government is mak­ words, and in "hard work and sorrow and omy, or our American liberties in our ing· a profit and on which the good peo­ blood," to use Mr. Roosevelt's words. American way of life. The men of the ple of the United States are making a There was proposed by the President American fighting forces when they re­ big saving every day in the form of in­ in his seven-point program to be carried turn home must find that kind ·of a terest that they would have to pay if this out in the battle against threatened in­ United States of America they went out money were retired and replaced by :fiation, a plan which will give to the peo­ to defend. The American people must Federal Reserve notes. ple great encouragement. It will achieve see to that. The American people will Mr. Speaker, I want to refute this spe­ nothing except disheartenment and be­ see to that, cious propaganda that is being put out • wilderment unless he sees to it that the Meanwhile there must be no profiteer­ against one of the best pieces of money seven points of the economic policy are ing by producer. employer, worker, spec­ ever invented; the American silver dollar, vigorously, intelligently, and honestly ulator, or officeholder, and that means a monetary unit which we got from the carried out. Unless it is, in:fiation will profiteering in money, in property, or in good people of Poland, as I mentioned in proceed apace and the people of this political or economic power. The one my remarks a few minutes ago. I take country will be ruined by runaway prices. sole aim and purpose of the Nation must this occasion to answer a pronouncement If it was not apparent before, it must be to win this war decisively and as by 65 members of the Economists' Na­ now be plain to the American people that quickly as it can be done, while keeping tional Committee on Monetary Policy, it is not the President, nor the Congress, our American Government and our They ·have just made a pronouncement nor the Army and Navy -alone who can be American system of economy and of life under date· of April 20 against the silver- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3855 purchase program of the Government Treasury silver be disposed of as advantage· cari Institute !or Economic Re­ and against this kind of money, on which ously as possible; search; Hudson B. Hastings, Yale the Government is making a profit and June 14, 1937: Advocating repeal of the University; William F. Hauhart, on which the people are making a huge silver-purchase program; Southern Methodist University; December 28, 1937: Urging, among other Frederick C. Hicks, University of saving in interest. things, repeal of the Silver Purchase Act of Cincinnati; John Thorn Holds­ Mx:,. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ 1934; worth, The University of Miami; sent that in connection with my remarks December 23, 1938: Urging that Govern­ Edwin w. Kemmerer, Princeton there may· appear in toto, with all the ment subsidy to silver interests be ended and University; William H. Kiekhofer, signatures attached, this communication that the Silver Purchase Act be repealed: The University of Wisconsin; from the Economists' National Com­ May 15, 1939: Urgl.ng enactment of the David Kinley, University of Illi­ mittee on Monetary Policy, and also the TownEtnd bill repealing the Silver Purchase nois; William H. Kniffin, Bank of Act of 1934; and Rockville Centre Trust Co., Long tables giving the seigniorage on silver, Island; Frederic E. Lee, University taken from page 80, March Bulletin of September 30, 1941: Reco~mending, among other things, repeal of the Silver Pur­ of Illinois; J. F . Leonard, University the Treasury Department. of Southern California; James D. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there chase Act of 1934 and of the act of July 6, Magee, New York University; Ar­ 1939, providing for the purchase of do~estic objection to the request of the gentle­ silver at 71.11 cents per ounce-approximate- thur W. Marget, University of · man from Idaho? ly twice the market price. · , Minnesota; A. Wilfred May, New There was no objection. York City; Mark C. Mills, Indiana We agree with Secretary Morgenthau s University; Margaret G. Myers, Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, the state­ statement ·of January that if the Govern­ Vassar College; Melchior Palyi, ment of the Economists' National Com­ ment's silver program were repealed The University of Wisconsin; Er­ mittee on Monetary Policy is as follows: "* • • it would be helpful at this time. I nest Minor Patterson, University of think it would be well received." Pennsylvania; Clyde W. Phelps, SIXTY-FIVE MEMBERS URGE CONGRESS TO REPEAL Signed: Eugane E. Agger, Rutgers Uni­ THE siLVER PURCHASE ACT OF JUNE 19, 1934, University of Chattanooga; Charles versity; Benjamin M. Anderson, Jr., L. Prather, Syracuse University; AND THE DOMESTIC SILVER PURCHASE LAW OF University of California in L. A.; JULY 6 , 1939 Howard H. Preston, University of APRIL 20, 1942. Charles c ..Arbuthnot, Western Re­ Washington; Leland Rex Robin· serve University; Don C. Barrett, son, 76 Beaver Street, New York; we the undersigned members of the Haverford College; Benjamin H. R; G. Rodkey, University of Michi­ Economists' National Committee on Mone­ Beckhart, Columbia University; t ary Policy, again urge Congress to repeal the gan; Olin Glenn Saxon, Yale Uni­ James Washington Bell, North­ versity; Joseph A. Schumpeter, Silver Purchase Act of June 19, 1934, and the western University; Ernest L. Bo­ domestic silver purchase law of July 6, 19_39. Harvard University; Walter E. gart, University of Illinois; Fred­ Spahr, New York University; Oli­ The former ha& never been sound in prm­ erick A. Bradford, Lehigh Univer­ ciple or practice, the common arguments for ver M. W. Sprague, Harvard· Uni­ sity; William A. Brown, Jr., Br?wn versity; William H. Steiner, Brook­ it were neither valid :n.or admirable, and its University; J. Ray Cable, Washmg­ results have in the main been harmful ~ to lyn College; Charles S. Tippetts, ton University; Wilbur P. Calhoun, Mercersburg Academy; Alvin S. both the United States and certain foreign University of Cincinnati; Neil countries. . Tostlebe, The College of Wooster; Carothers, Lehigh University; Ed• James B. Trant, Louisiana State The lat ter act has been an indefensible­ ward H. Collins, New York Herald subsidy to th§! domestic producers of snv:r University; Rufus S. Tucker, West­ Tribune; Garfield V. Cox, The Uni­ field, N.J.; Russell Weisman, West­ and has forced the Treasury to pa·y approxi­ versity of Chicago; William W. mately twice thP. world market price for this ern Reserve University; William 0. CumbP.rland, Wellington & Co., Weyforth, The Johns Hopkins Uni­ domestic silver with the consequence that New York; Charles A. Dice, The the Treasury has greatly overvalued the sil­ versity; Nathaniel R. Whitney, The Ohio State University; D. W. Ells­ Procter & Gamble Co., Cincin· ver which it holds. worth, E. w. Axe & CO ., Inc., New Both acts have disturbed the silver mark~ts nati; Edward Wiest, University of York; William D. Ennis, Stevens Kentucky; Max Winltler, College of of the world, have drained silver _from m­ Institute of Technology; Fred R. dustry and other countries' treasunes to our the City of New York; Ivan Wright, Fairchild, Yale University; Clyde Brooklyn College. Treasury vaults, and have been important Olin Fisher, Wesleyan University; factors in the expansion of our money sup­ J. Anderson Fitzgerald, The Upi­ Mr. Speaker, for the information of the ply at a time when such expansion has been versity of Texas; Herbert F. Fraser, unnecessary and undesirable. Members of the House and especially for Swarthmore College; Roy L. Garis, the enlightenment of all these 65 econo­ It is gratifying to note that both Secretary Vanderbilt University; Arthur D. of the Treasury Morgenthau and Chairman Gayer, Queens College; Harry D. mists, there is inserted below a table ap­ Eccles of the Board of Governors of the Fed-. Gideonse, Brooklyn College; Earl pearing on page 80 of the March Bulletin era! Reserve System are recommending t~e J. Hamilton, Duke University, with of the Treasury Department, containing repeal of these laws. In Januar_y of this reservations as to second para­ the record of seigniorage made on the year Secretary Morgenthau stated to the graph; Lewis H. H_an~y. New York silver purchases under the Silver Pur­ Hou;e Appropriations Committee that "So University; F . C. Harwood, Ameri-· far as I am concerned, I will be glad _to see chase Act of 1934. congress strike all of the silver legislatiOn off. Seigniorage on silver the books." In the hearings before the Co~­ mittee on Ways and Means of the House m [Cumulative from Jan. 1·, l !J ~In millions of dollars] March and at a press conference in Febru~ry he again made similar statements. Chair­ Sources oi seigniorage on silver bullion revalued t man Eccles, in a letter to Senator ARTHUR H. Poten tial VANDENBERG on March 30, this year, stat~d seigniorage that his views on this matter are generally m End o1 Seigniorage Miscella· N ewly calendar on silver ncous silver mined N ewly Silver National· on silver accord with those expressed by Secretary year or and minor (including silver mined Purchase ized silver Total bullion Morgenthau. Chairman Ec<::les pointed out month coins sil ver bul- (proclama- silver Act of (proclama· seigniorage at cost in in this letter that he had held theEe views lion held t ion of (act of June 19, tioqof on silver gen e r a~ June 14, Dec. 21, July6, 1934 Aug.9, revalued fund 2 for several years, and added: "In view of the 1934) 1933) 1939) 1934) war situation, it is all the more urgent that the inflat ionary effects of the silver program be removed and that so far as possible the 1934_-1935 ______------4. 5 48.7 0. 4 51.1 28.5 128.7 132. 6 16.8 ------~26 . 2 materials, machinery, and labor now devoted 1936 ______18.5 48. 7 ------34.5 326.2 274. 9 46.1 48.7 36.0 ------302.7 34. 7 422.1 397. 5 to silver production be utilized in the war 1937------63.7 48.7 58.0 ------366. 7 34. 7 508.1 541. 6 effort." . . 1938_------69. 5 48.7 74.9 457.7 34.7 616.0 758. 8 On April 20, 1934, the executive committee 1939.------91.7 48.7 87.3 ------4: ~i 530.7 34.7 705.6 950. 6 of the Economists' National Committee on 1940.------122.2 48.7 87.6 25. 7 562. 7 34. 7 759.4 1, 055. 8 194L ------182. 1 48.7 87.6 48.3 580." 4 34.7 799.7 1, 089. 0 Monetary Policy issued a statement opposing 1942: the· enactment of the pending Silver Pur­ January ___ 188. 5 48.7 87.6 co. 2 581.3 34.7 802. 5 1, 094. 2 chase Act of 1934. February __ 192.4 48. 7 87.6 51.6 li82.1 34.7 804.7 1, 096. 3 Substantial majorities o1 the full commit-. tee signed pronouncements in opposition to 1 These items represent the difference between the cost value and themonetar. value of silver b u llion revalued an d the Government's silver program as follows: heJ%hoe s~~~~ ssil:~1~;r;:-~~siu-e not cumulative; as the amount of bullion held changes, the potential seigniorage May 25, 1936: Recommending abandon­ thereon changes. ment of the silver-purchase policy and that Basis: Daily Treasury Statements, 3856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 30 Mr. Speaker, what I want to know is, the Gove1·nment on this silver by revaluing left in the Treasury; to be exact the amount what is it worth to the banks to keep it and putting it out as money. as of the date of your communication was This still leaves the Government with a 1,364,566,969.1 ounces. The money in cir­ silver money out of circulation? And surplus of unused silver amounting to 1,364,- culation has been inflated all right but not by in connection with that I should like to 566,969.7 ounces on hand in the general fund, revaluing and using our idle silver. Money know what is the profit to the Govern.; as appears on Treasury statement of even date material which represents real profit to the ment and the saving to the American with your communication (April 20), surplus Government now on hand and ready to be people in using silver money in transact­ silver that can be revalued and put into cir­ turned into $1, $5, and $10 bills and put into ing business? culation as money under existing law in the circ:ulation in paying Government expense Now I am going to read you my reply form of silver certificates or silver dollars by just as is being done every day with the new the Secretary of the Treasury amounting to silver that is coming in, these newly en· to these emihent economists of the lead­ $1,764,288,605.24 when revalued for use as graved silver certificates "as good as gold" ing institutions of higher education in money. being paid to the Members of Congress and this country, analyzing and making re­ By consulting the Treasury statement, you their clerical help are eagerly accepted in sponse to this communication put out to will find that this silver has been taken into transacting business everywhere when the the country, the President, and the consideration by the Treasury in computing Government employees put them in circula· Congress for their guidance: the seigniorage as appears in the last column tion. of the table on page 80 of the March Treasury In view of these incontrovertible facts and To the Members of the Economists' National bulletin, headed "Potential Seigniorage on the heavy load of interest piling higher and Committee on Monetary Policy: Silver Bullion at Cost in General ·Fund," higher on business everywhere, it is unfortu­ GENTLEMEN: In considering the recom­ amounting.tb a total of $1,096,300,000. · When nate, distressingly unfortunate, that the true mendations of your commi-ttee of 65 econo­ you add up these three seigniorage items, situation and the real facts· concerning the mists to repeal the Silver Purchase Act of which is the difference between the cost of profits and the saving that the American June 19, 1934, and the domestic silver-pur­ the silver to the Government as bullion and people are deriving from their silver-purchase chase law of July 6, 1939, made in your com­ its money value when issued by the Treasury program is so confused, and so little under­ munication of April20, presumably addressed in paying Government expense, you have. a stood, particularly by the educational leaders to the President, the COngress, and the grand total of $2,093,400,000 seigniorage, in this country. Surely in this critical hour country, you state: "Its results have been making a tidy profit of over $2,000,000,000, when so much depends on the stability of harmful to both the United States and cer­ national economy and the security of the tain foreign countries." How has it been which has and will accrue to tn.e Government if the Treasury will use all the silver as money monetary foundation on which both public harmful? Do you seek to imply that $2,024,- it has bought under the "objectionable" Silver and private credit must rest, the patriotism 000,000 in the form of silver dollars and Purchase Act since 1934. Leaving out the of our economist and educational leaders silver certificates, $1, $5, . and $10 bills, re­ item of potential seigniorage: To · date the should direct their efforts first to under­ deemable in silver dollars now in circulation record discloses the Government has made on standing and presenting the true facts con­ in the channels of trade and business, is the silver used as money, a total in seignior­ cerning_ money and then to advising and harmful to our na tiona! economy or to the age, amounting to $997,000,000 and has, in assisting those in charge of directing the American people? addition, enough silver left over to make affairs of our Government in establishing For fear that some of the details of the another $1,096,300,000 in seigniorage as dis­ and maintaining a stronger national economy Treasury fiscal operations may have escaped closed in the last Treasury bulletin, and you . to safeguard the financial integrity of our the notice 9f the members of your econo:­ 65 eminent economists and educators in our Government and the business security of mists' committee, and, to be more specific, leading institutions of learning object to our .the American people by effecting any saving let me point out to you, gentlemen, first, Government making this little profit in the and obtaining any profits available in any that on the day your communication was present emergency, at a time when every quarter. issued, April 20, there were $1,962,101,367 in mon~tary thread in the national financial Gentlemen, be patriotic; lend your knowl­ silver certificates outstanding, which, as you fabric is strained to the utmost. edge and your ability to your country; help know, are redeemable in silver dollars . When you consider the cost in the form of the Members of Congress representing the . (April 20 daily statement, U. · S. Treasury), interest the people would be required to pay people to right the financial ship of state and in addition there were 62,327,405 silver by retiring the silver money now in use and and provide an equitable, workable, adequate dollars in circulation (March 31 Treasury replacing it with Federal Reserve notes, think monetary system to lift business and the Statement, United States money in circula­ of what your plan would add to the expense American people out of this morass of debt tion) -money issued by the Government in­ of doing business. and ease this crushing burden of interest and terest free and in use throughout the coun­ In order to determine the full amount taxes. try in handling the Nation's business-the that business has saved by our Government Sincerely, kind of money that your members have refusing to follow the money plan you have COMPTON I. WHITE, steadily opposed; money which you say is urged in your repeated recommendations, we Member of Congress. harmful and should never have been issued, must get the figures on silver in circulation and now could best be replaced by unredeem­ year by year since the silver-purchase pro­ SPECIAL ORDER able Federal Reserve currency, the other gram went into effect in 1934 and calculate The SPEAKER pro tempore

Sl,tip-construction record-Great Lakes [From Marine News, March 1942)

Num­ Company Plant ber Length Character Built for------·------·------11------220 Mine sweepers ______American Ship Building Co. _...... Loraine .. ------8 U.S. Navy. 2 614 Bulk freighters ______Pittsburgh Steamship Co. 6 605 _____ do ______------U. S. Maritime Gommission Barnes Duluth Ship Building Co ______Duluth, Minn ______8 212 Coastal tankers. _------Do. 135 Burger Boat Co ______------~---- Manitowoc, ~-is.------6 Wood mine sweepers ______U.S. Navy. 2 110 Wood snbchasers ______Do. 250 Coastal cargo ______Walter Butler ______------Superior, Wis.------18 88 Tugs ______U. S. Maritime Commission. Calumet Shipyard & Drydock Co ______.:------South Chicago, IlL...... 5 Do. Chicago Bridge & Iron Co ... ------Chicago, IlL ______1 Floating drydock.------U.S. Navy. Dachel-Carter Shipbuilding Corporation______Benton Harbor, Mirh••.••••••.••. 2 136 Mine sweepers ______Do. 2 110 Wood subchasers ______Do. 4 100 Aircraft rescue_------U.S. Army. Defoe Boat & Marine Works ______Bay City, Mich.~------4 220 Mine sweepers ______: ______U.S. Navy. 20 165 Sub chasers _____ ------Do. 4 132 Tugs (seagoing) _------U. S. Maritime Commission. Eric Concrete & Supply Co------­ Erie, Pa______3 Steel freight lighters ______U.S. Navy. Foster Boat Works_------D etroit, l\1ich______2 110 Subchasers ______------Do. Froemming Bros ______------. ___ •• ___ ------___ _ Milawnkee, Wis______4 185 Armored target ships ______U.S. Army. Gar Wood Industries_------­ Marysville, Mich ______------175 ____ .do ______------Do. Globe Ship Building Co. ------Superior, Wis______5 185 Seagoing tugs __ ------U_ S. Maritime Commission. Great Lakes Engineering Co ______Detroit, Mioh______3 614 Bulk freighters ______Pittsburgh Steamship Co. Ashtabula, Ohio~------10 605 ____ .do ______------U.S. Maritime Commission. Do------135 Mine sweepers ______H. C. Grebe & Co .•·------"------Chicago, IlL ______------2 U.S. Navy. . 5 65 Harbor tugs ______Do. Hacker Boat Co · ------Mount Clemens, Mich .• ~------175 Armored target ships ______U.S. Army. Inland Waterways Co., Inc ______Duluth, Minn______2 110 Wood subchasers ______U.S. Navy. Lake Superior Ship Building Co ______Superior, Wis______2 235 Fuel-oil barges.------~ Do. Manitowoc Ship Building Corporation ______Manitowoc, Wis______10 Submarines ______------Do. Marine Iron & Ship Building Co ______Duluth, Minn._------4 180 Coast Guard cutter __ ------U. S. Coast Guard. Niagara Ship Building Co.------Buffalo, N. Y______6 U.S. Navy. Peterson Boat Works ______Sturgeon Bay, Wis______8 1~g §l~b~~~s~~~~~~~======::::::=::::= Do. Robinson Marine ConstrucLion Co ______Benton Harbor __ ------4 110 Wood subchasers ______Do. 2 65 Wire drag boats ______Coast and Geodetic Survey. 18 40-50 Launches._------U.S. Army. . Richardson Boat Co· ------North Tonawanda, N. Y _------47 36 Landing boats.------U. S. Navy. L. Smith Ship Building Co______Sturgeon Bay, Wis ______6 165 Subchasers ______Do. 9 250 Coasting steamers ______U. S. Maritime Commission. Stadium Yacht Basin______Cleveland, Ohio ___ ------8 135 Wood mine sweepers ______U.S. Navy. Sturgeon Bay Ship Building Drydock .••••••••: ...... Sturgeon Bay, Wis ______4 ~ox !-'Jo~ts ______U.S. Army. 3 Do. Toledo Ship Building Co·------Toledo, Ohio ______1 ~~~ c~~~eGu~rde~~effer~:::::::::::: U. S. Coast Guard. Zenith Dredge Co.------Duluth.------4 180 _____ do .• _------~------Do.

PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE by securing war-production contracts for most of the areas have been placed on Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask that city and the district. the list of defense-housing areas in which unanimous consent to prcceed for 2 min­ On April 28 the Price Administrator builders may secure priority ratings on utes and to revise and extend my remarks issued a series of orders designating de­ critical materials for residential construc­ in the RECORD. fense-rental areas, included in which is tion. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is thera . Grand Rapids, Mich. The order includes I am now accumulating detailed data objection to the request of the gentleman Kent and Ottawa Counties in the de­ to present -to the Government officials from Michigan? . fense-rental area. having jurisdiction with the view of, first, There was no objection. In the order lfind the following state­ having Grand Rapids, Mich., designated Mr. JONKNIAN. Mr. Speaker, there ment: as a defense-housing area; and second, has been an alarming increase in unem­ The designated areas now are or will be to show the availability of ample office ployment at Grand Rapids, Mich., and the the location of establishments of the armed space to quarter some of the Federal area covered by Kent and Ottawa Coun­ forces of the United States or war-production agencies required to be transferred from ties, in my home State, comprising the industries. Washington to other cities to provide Flfth Congressional District thereof. My The order further states that in the quarters here for war-agency· work. efforts have been and will continue to areas covered, including Grand Rapids, It is therefore pleasing to note from be toward doing everything possible .to an increase in employment has taken the order of the Price Administrator that relieve the situation, which not only af­ place in most of the same and is about inasmuch as Kent and Ottawa Counties, fects labor but manufacturing as well, to.take place in the other areas and that Mich., are included in the same, war- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3859

production industries will be located extend and am~nd . certain emergency PETITIONS, ETC. therein. laws relating to the merchant marine, and for other purposes. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions EXTENSION OF REMARKS and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. Speaker, I ask and referred as follows: unanimous consent that I ma-y have per­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 2742. By Mr. JONES: Petition of Dora A. mission to extend my own remarks in States and 158 others, in support of Senate the RECORD, and to include a transcrip­ Under clause 2 of rule xm, reports of bill 860 as a contribution to a wholesale de­ tion of a "Buy a Bomber" campaign at committees were delivered to the Clerk fense program; to the Committee on Military Chattanooga. for printing and reference to the proper Affairs. calendar, as follows: 2743. By Mr. ROLPH: resolution of the The SPEAKER pro tempore . .Is there California Society of the Sons of the Amer­ objection to the request of the gentleman Mr. LESINSKI: Committee on Immigration ican Revolution,· San Francisco, Calif., rela­ from Tennessee? and Naturalization. H. R·. 4248. A bill for tive to the California State Guard; to the There was no objection. the relief of Helen Mary Nichols; without Committee on Military Affa.irs. amendment (Rept. No. 2063). Referred to SENATE BILL REFERRED the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. LESINSKI: Committee on Immigration A bill of the Senate of the following and Naturalization. H. R. 4249. A bill for title was taken from the Speaker's table the relief of William Frank ·Coman Nichols; SENATE and, under the rule, referred as fol­ with amendment (Rept. No. 2064). Referred lows: to the Committee of the Whole House. FRIDAY, MAy 1, 1942 s. 2404. An act to -authorize officers and Mr. RAMSAY: Committee on Immigration enlisted men of the armed forces of the and Naturalization. H. R. 5819. A bill di­ recting the Attorney General . to record the (Legislative day of Thursday, April 30, United States to accept decorations, orders, lawful admittance for permanent residence 1942) medals, and emblems tendered them by gov­ of Vivian Chang; with amendment (Rept. ernments of oobelligerent nations or other No. 2065). Referred to the Committee of the The Senate met at 12 o'clock noon, on American republics and to create the decora­ Whole House. the expiration of the recess. tions to be known as the Legion of Merit and the Medal for Merit; to the Committee on The Chaplain, the Very Reverend Military Affairs. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Z~Barney T. Phillips, D. D., o1Iered the following prayer: ADJOURNMENT Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and Almighty God, of whom are all things Mr. BEITER. Mr. Speaker, I move severally referred as follows: and for whom all things exist, teach us that the House do now adjourn. By Mr. SPARKMAN: to be as children in our Father's house, The motion was agreed to; accordingly H. R. 7029. A bill to amend the Soldiers' where we are thankful for every gift of (at ·2 o'clock and 46 minutes p. m.) the and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940 to ex­ Thy bestowal. We thank Thee for the House adjourned to meet, in accordance tend the relief and benefits provided therein glow of battle when we fight to win; for with its previous order, on Monday, May to certain persons, to include certain addi­ the glow of satisfaction as we worthily 4, 1942, at 12 o'clock noon. tional proceedings and transactions therein, attain our goal; for the· bliss that comes to provide further relief for persons in mili­ from doing always that which should be - tary service, to change certain insurance pro­ COMMITTEE HEARINGS visions thereof, and for other purposes; to done, no matter what the difficulties, and, finally, we bless Thee for the joy that CoMMITTEE oN THE JUDICIARY the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. THILL: comes to us when we share our best for Subcommittee No.3 of the Committee H. Con. Res. 64. Concurrent resolution others' good. on the Judiciary will continue hearings urging the Civil Aeronautics Authority im­ May we ne'er be exercised with the on the foilowing bills at _10 a. m., Friday, mediately to institute an aircraft pilot and mere question of what we shall eat or mechanics training program in high schools; May 1, 1942, room 346, House Office to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign drink, or wherewithal we shall be clothed, Building: Commerce. but let this mind be in us to be rid of all H. R. 5218, to confer jurisdiction in the selfishness and pride, that, with clean United States courts in cases involving work hands and pure hearts, we may do our PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS stoppages, and for other purposes; work. H. R. 5259 and H. R. 6752, to confer juris­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Make us glad with that summer in the diction in the United States courts in cases bills and resolutions were introduced and heart which faith creates and love sus­ involving work stoppage for illegitimate and severally referred as follows: tains; give us the gladsomeness of Christ, nonlabor purposes; and . who, despite His short and troubled life, H. R. 6872, to amend the act entitled "An By Mr. BARRY: act to protect trade and commerce against H. R. 7030. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Mary was nonetheless the happiest of men, interference by violence, threats, coercion, or Daufkirch; to the Committee on Claims. whose joy o'erflowed on everyone . with intimidation," approved June 18, 1934. H. R. 7031. A bill for the relief of Acting whom He came in contact. Open Thou First Sgt. David Schlesinger; to the Commit­ to us the vision of a kingdom not from COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN tee on Military Affairs. CoMMERCE hence, regions of power beyond the range By Mr. JQ.NES: of ordinary sight; inspire us with those The petroleum investigating subcom­ H. R. 7032. A bill for the relief of the Cus­ ter Lumber Co.; to the Committee on Claims. far-o1I influences that give new meaning mittee of the Committee on Interstate to · our Nation's cause and lend new and Foreign Commerce will hold a meet­ By Mr. McGEHEE: H. R. 7033. A bill for the relief of certain beauty to each act of consecration to that ing at 10 a.m. on Monday, May 1, 1942, trial examiners of the National Labor Rela­ cause. We ask it in the Name of Jesus in connection with the investigation of tions Board; to the Committee on Claims. Christ, our Lord and Saviour. Amen. petroleum. By Mr. NICHOLS: There will be a meeting of the Com­ H . R. 7034. A bill for the relief of Roy THE JOURNAL mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ Chandler; to the Committee on Military On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by merce at 10 a.m. Tuesday; May 5, 1942. Affairs. By Mr. WHELCHEL: unanimous consent, the reading of the Business to be considered: The hearing H. R. 7035. A bill for the relief of Garland Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ in connection with the Federal Commu­ Gailey, of Baldwin, Ga., and Mrs. Clara Mae dar day Thursday, April 30, 1942, was nications Commission will be resumed on Gailey, of Baldwin, Ga.; to the Committee on dispensed with, and the Journal was May 5 at 10 a. m. Claims. approved. COMMITTEE ON THE MERCHANT. MARINE AND By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: FISHERIES H. J. Res. 309. Joint resolution tendering CALL OF THE ROLL the thanks of the American people and the The Committee on the Merchant Ma­ Congress of the United States to Capt. Maude Mr. HILL. I suggest the absence of a rine and Fisheries will hold a public Davison and the other members of the quorum. hearing on Tuesday, May 5, 1942, at 10 United States Army Nurse Corps in the Phil­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk a. m., on Senate Joint Resolution 130, to ippines; to the Committee on Military Affairs. will call the roll.