DOCSLIB.ORG

Exnt08-Caesars

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exnt08-Caesars Roman Rule Empire Caesars Flavians Golden Age The Caesars Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars 1. Tiberius (14–37) A. Jesus’ ministry (Lk. 3:1) B. Saul’s Damascus Road (Acts 9) C. Judea as an imperial province 1. Governed by procurators Pilate (26–36) Felix (52–58) Festus (58–62) Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars 1. Tiberius (14–37) B. Judea as an imperial province 2. First procuratorship brief prelude: Archelaus (4 B.C.–A.D. 6) time period: 6–41 3. Second procuratorship brief prelude: Herod Agrippa I (41–44) time period: 44–66 Archelaus First Procuratorship Agrippa I Second Procuratorship 4 B.C.– A.D.6 6–41 41–44 44–66 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 3737––4141 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars 2. Caligula (37–41) A. Herod Agrippa I (37–44) 1. Philip’s territory (37) 2. Antipas’s territory (39) B. Related Jewish Episodes 3. Alexandrian Riots (Philo’s Embassy, 39) 4. Temple Abomination statue ordered for Jerusalem temple early hint of emperor worship Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars 3. Claudius (41–54) A. Kingship of Herod Agrippa I (37–44) 1. King of Judea (41–44) 2. Unexpected death (44) story of Acts 12 and Josephus precipitates second procuratorship B. Missionary Journeys of Paul (49–58) C. Edict of Claudius (49) Archelaus First Procuratorship Agrippa I Second Procuratorship 4 B.C.– A.D.6 6–41 41–44 44–66 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars Edict of Claudius Suetonius Luke (Claudius 25.4) (Acts 18:2) “He banished from Rome “There he found a Jew all the Jews, who continual- named Aquila, a native of ly were making disturbances Pontus, who recently had at the instigation of one come from Italy with his Chrestus.” wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all Jews to leave Rome.” Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars 4. Nero (54–68) A. Two-Stage Reign 1. Good early reign (54–59): tutelege of mother, Agripinna II, with wise administrative advisors Seneca, famous Stoic philosopher Burrus, captain of Praetorian Guard 2. Bad later reign (59–68): kills mother and Burrus, forces Seneca into exile, then suicide context of fire of Rome (April 64) provokes Jewish rebellion (66–70) Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars Historical Significance: 1. The first time in history followers of Jesus are distinguished from synagogue Jews. 2. The probable cause of the loss of Peter and Paul in the persecution that followed. Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars 4. Nero (54–68) B. Suicide (68) 1. Provokes Nero conspiracy theories feared not really dead, but would return “Nero redivivus” myth: dead, but alive again legends entered apocalyptic traditions 2. Triggers Roman civil war Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars “And the beast that I saw was like a leopard, its feet were like a bear’s, and its mouth was like a lion’s mouth. And the dragon gave it his power and his throne and great authority. One of its heads seemed to have received a death-blow, but its mortal wound had been healed.” (Rev. 13:2–3) Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 6868––6969 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars 5. Civil War (68–69): Galba, Otho, Vitelius A. Three generals in 18 months 1. Galba (Spain): 7 months (June–January) 2. Otho (Rome): 3 months (January–April) 3. (Vitellius (Germany): 8 months (April–Dec.) B. Vespasian returns to Rome 4. Acclaimed by eastern legions (fulfills Josephus) 5. Leaves son Titus in Judea, defeats Vitellius C. Civil war confounds exegesis of Rev. 17:9–10 Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars “The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman is seated; also they are seven kings, of whom five have fallen, one is living, and the other has not yet come; and when he comes, he must remain only a little while.” (Rev. 17:9–10) Roman Rule: The Caesars The Caesars Contributions: 1. Beginnings of Christianity 2. Advancement of Herods 3. Problematic procuratorships 4. Hints of emperor worship 5. Disaster of Nero 6. Trajedy of First Jewish War Roman Rule: The Caesars Roman Rule Empire Caesars Flavians Golden Age The Flavians Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians 1. Vespasian (69–79) A. New Roman Dynasty 1. Ends civil war, Julio-Claudian line (Augustus–Nero) 2. Establishes Flavian dynasty (two sons: Titus, Domitian) B. Titus concludes First Jewish War (66–70) C. Aristocratic Jews emigrate to Rome 3. Josephus turns historian (“Flavius” Josephus) 4. Bernice turns consort to Titus 5. Agrippa II turns regent in absentia, and is a probable Lukan historical source Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians Herod the Great = Mariamne Aristobulus IV = Bernice Alexander II Herod the Great + Malthace Herod Agrippa I Herodias = Herod Antipas Herod the Great + Mariamne II = Herod II (Philip I) Herod the Great + Cleopatra Salome = Philip (Tetrarch) Herod Agrippa II Bernice (+ Titus) Drusilla (+ Felix) Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians 1. Titus (79–81) A. Stable Reign 1. Consolidates Flavian power 2. Strong ruler, able administrator 3. Reign cut short by fatal fever B. Notable Events 4. Eruption of Vesuvius (August 79) 5. Grand opening of Colosseum Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians 1. Domitian (81–96) A. Increasing tyranny B. Increasing persecution 1. Religious trials (93–95) 2. Pretentious titles (“lord and god”) 3. Emperor worship (Asia Minor) evidence: 1 Clement, Pliny’s letter to Trajan, Ignatius of Antioch, Hegesippus Possible setting for Revelation Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians Bithynia Pliny’s Letter to Trajan, A.D. 112 (20 years after Domitian): “Others who were named by the informer said that they were Christians and then denied it, explaining that they had been, but had ceased to be such, some three years ago, some a good many years, and a few even twenty.” Roman Rule: The Flavians The Flavians Contributions: 1. Ended Rome’s civil war 2. Established new Roman dynasty 3. Post-war Jewish life in Rome 4. Emperor worship in Asia Minor 5. Christian persecution intensifies Roman Rule: The Flavians The Golden Age Empire Caesars Flavians Golden Age The Golden Age Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Golden Age The Golden Age 1. Nerva (96–98) A. Aristocrats, Senate revolt 1. Domitian murdered 2. End of Flavian dynasty B. Senate appointment 3. An aged, childless aristocrat 4. Brief respite for Christians 5. Instituted successful adoption policy solved imperial succession problem produced “Golden Age” of five emperors Roman Rule: The Golden Age The Golden Age The Golden Age Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Antoninus Pius 138–161 Marcus Arelius 161–180 Roman Rule: The Golden Age The Golden Age Roman Rulers Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Civil War (Galba, Otho, Vitellius) 68–69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–138 Roman Rule: The Golden Age The Golden Age 2. Trajan (98–117) A. Great general, administrator 1. Empire reaches greatest expanse 2. Popular with military and people 3. Numerous public works and buildings B. Vigorous pursuit of emperor cult 4. Becoming provincial policy 5. Christian persecution inevitable Pliny in Bithynia, Hadrian in Syria Martyrdom of Ignatius of Antioch Roman Rule: The Golden Age The Golden Age Bithynia Ignatius of Antioch Roman Rule: The Golden Age The Golden Age Trajan’s Response to Pliny, A.D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iudaea Capta Vs. Mother Zion: the Flavian Discourse on Judaeans and Its Delegitimation in 4 Ezra
    Journal for the Study of Judaism 49 (2018) 498-550 Journal for the Study of Judaism brill.com/jsj Iudaea Capta vs. Mother Zion: The Flavian Discourse on Judaeans and Its Delegitimation in 4 Ezra G. Anthony Keddie1 Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada [email protected] Abstract This study proposes that the empire-wide Iudaea capta discourse should be viewed as a motivating pressure on the author of 4 Ezra. The discourse focused on Iudaea capta, Judaea captured, was pervasive across the Roman empire following the First Revolt. Though initiated by the Flavians, it became misrecognized across the Mediterranean and was expressed in a range of media. In this article, I examine the diverse evidence for this discourse and demonstrate that it not only cast Judaeans as barbaric enemies of Rome using a common set of symbols, but also attributed responsibility for a minor provincial revolt to a transregional ethnos/gens. One of the most distinctive symbols of this discourse was a personification of Judaea as a mourning woman. I argue that 4 Ezra delegitimates this Iudaea capta discourse, with its mourning woman, through the counter-image of a Mother Zion figure who transforms into the eschatological city. Keywords Iudaea capta/Judaea capta − Flavian dynasty − 4 Ezra − Roman iconography − Jewish-Roman relations − Mother Zion − apocalyptic discourse − First Jewish Revolt 1 I would like to thank Steven Friesen and L. Michael White for their helpful feedback and insightful suggestions on earlier versions of this study. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi:10.1163/15700631-12494235Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:31:49PM via free access Iudaea Capta vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiating Julio-Claudian Memory: the Vespasianic Building Program and the Representation of Imperial Power in Ancient Rome Joseph V
    Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College Classics Honors Projects Classics Department Spring 5-2-2014 Negotiating Julio-Claudian Memory: The Vespasianic Building Program and the Representation of Imperial Power in Ancient Rome Joseph V. Frankl Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/classics_honors Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons, and the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Frankl, Joseph V., "Negotiating Julio-Claudian Memory: The eV spasianic Building Program and the Representation of Imperial Power in Ancient Rome" (2014). Classics Honors Projects. Paper 19. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/classics_honors/19 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classics Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Negotiating Julio-Claudian Memory: The Vespasianic Building Program and the Representation of Imperial Power in Ancient Rome By Joseph Frankl Advised by Professor Beth Severy-Hoven Macalester College Classics Department Submitted May 2, 2014 INTRODUCTION In 68 C.E., the Roman Emperor Nero died, marking the end of the Julio-Claudian imperial dynasty established by Augustus in 27 B.C.E (Suetonius, Nero 57.1). A year-long civil war ensued, concluding with the general Titus Flavius Vespasianus seizing power. Upon his succession, Vespasian faced several challenges to his legitimacy as emperor. Most importantly, Vespasian was not a member of the Julio-Claudian family, nor any noble Roman gens (Suetonius, Vespasian 1.1).
    [Show full text]
  • The Reception of Agrippina, Mother of Nero, in Handel's Opera Agrippina
    In die Skriflig / In Luce Verbi ISSN: (Online) 2305-0853, (Print) 1018-6441 Page 1 of 6 Original Research Agrippina as prima donna: The reception of Agrippina, mother of Nero, in Handel’s opera Agrippina Author: This article examines the way in which Agrippina, the mother of the emperor Nero, is depicted 1 Betine van Zyl Smit in Handel’s opera Agrippina. The opera’s libretto, written by Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, Affiliation: draws upon the historical information in Suetonius’ biography of Claudius and upon the 1Department of Classics and events described in books 12 to 14 of Tacitus’ Annals. The article shows how Grimani juggled Archaeology, University of the chronology, events and relationships among the characters to omit the tragic and gruesome Nottingham, Nottingham, details, and to create a satirical comedy of succession. United Kingdom Keywords: Georg Friedrich Handel; Vincenzo Grimani; Agrippina Opera; Emperor Nero; Corresponding author: Betine Smit, Emperor Claudius; Empress Agrippina; Suetonius’ Biography of Claudius; Tacitus Annals [email protected] 12–14; Opera Libretto; Poppaea Sabina; Otho. Dates: Received: 07 June 2019 Accepted: 25 July 2019 Introduction Published: 31 Oct. 2019 The relationships and events at the heart of the Roman Empire in the middle years of the 1st century AD1 contain plenty of drama and intrigue. The accounts of Tacitus in his Annals and in the How to cite this article: Van Zyl Smit, B., 2019, biographies of the emperors Claudius and Nero by Suetonius, depict a series of marriages and ‘Agrippina as prima donna: murders that would make material for the most lurid fiction. Such events occurred at the courts The reception of Agrippina, of Claudius (41–54) and Nero (54–64).
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Review Text Structure!
    Grade 6 Day 18 ELA q I Grade 6 Day 18 ELA Grade 6 Day 18 ELA W o Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math pl Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math P2 Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math 173 Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math 104 Grade 6 Day 18 Science pl Grade 6 Day 18 Science P2 Grade 6 Day 18 Science 123 Question for you to turn in. Describe how processes were used to form a landform. Use vocabulary and evidence from the passage to support your answer. RACE. Grade 6 Day 18 Social Studies Grade 6 Day 18 Social Studies to . I ] l n n t t e o o r n n m i i i t r r t t a a p t t h e e a a . r r m h h 1 o o m m t t E r r 0 p p O O e o o n s f f m m r n a i i i l n n o i i r m e e o m p i R t / l m ? ? d d e l l a l l E e e h a a , ci s s T f f s e u u n n n a a m o sp w w o i C C r o o s/ f t t ct t n D D a a e n a s h h s s e i i t m e W W h h n o h r t / co s o t e d r i n n s s p o a i e e e e t i i m s v v n e p r r m m / e i l t e e e e g t c r s s n n a e e o o l E E R R e s.
    [Show full text]
  • Vespasian's Apotheosis
    VESPASIAN’S APOTHEOSIS Andrew B. Gallia* In the study of the divinization of Roman emperors, a great deal depends upon the sequence of events. According to the model of consecratio proposed by Bickermann, apotheosis was supposed to be accomplished during the deceased emperor’s public funeral, after which the senate acknowledged what had transpired by decreeing appropriate honours for the new divus.1 Contradictory evidence has turned up in the Fasti Ostienses, however, which seem to indicate that both Marciana and Faustina were declared divae before their funerals took place.2 This suggests a shift * Published in The Classical Quarterly 69.1 (2019). 1 E. Bickermann, ‘Die römische Kaiserapotheosie’, in A. Wlosok (ed.), Römischer Kaiserkult (Darmstadt, 1978), 82-121, at 100-106 (= Archiv für ReligionswissenschaftW 27 [1929], 1-31, at 15-19); id., ‘Consecratio’, in W. den Boer (ed.), Le culte des souverains dans l’empire romain. Entretiens Hardt 19 (Geneva, 1973), 1-37, at 13-25. 2 L. Vidman, Fasti Ostienses (Prague, 19822), 48 J 39-43: IIII k. Septembr. | [Marciana Aug]usta excessit divaq(ue) cognominata. | [Eodem die Mati]dia Augusta cognominata. III | [non. Sept. Marc]iana Augusta funere censorio | [elata est.], 49 O 11-14: X[— k. Nov. Fausti]na Aug[usta excessit eodemq(ue) die a] | senatu diva app[ellata et s(enatus) c(onsultum) fact]um fun[ere censorio eam efferendam.] | Ludi et circenses [delati sunt. — i]dus N[ov. Faustina Augusta funere] | censorio elata e[st]. Against this interpretation of the Marciana fragment (as published by A. Degrassi, Inscr. It. 13.1 [1947], 201) see E.
    [Show full text]
  • Omens in Regime Change
    Omens versus Merit in Regime Change: How an Emperor Retains Power A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Classical Studies at the University of Michigan by Inna Dykman April 2008 Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to make it clear that none of this would have been possible without the help of Professor David Potter. Were it not for him, I would still be wandering around the library. He guided me through the disciplines of history and classics with which I was mostly unfamiliar and showed me just how much fascinating scholarship there is. I hope I have done him justice as my advisor. Second, I must thank my boyfriend, James, who has put up with me for the past year. Not only did he spend one whole day proofreading and trying to understand what I was talking about, but he spent many days listening to my whining and frustration. I let myself be distracted by him a fair few times to play a game of poker or watch a movie when I should have been working, but he was the one who made me sit down and write all the other times. His love and support led me in large part to believe I was capable of such a thing at all. The rest of my family was also greatly responsible for encouraging me and listened to more than its fair share of whining as well. They have pushed me all my life to engage in this world of academia, and while my thesis contains many fewer equations and lab results than they might have liked, it would never have come into existence if they had not known that this was the world I would so enjoy.
    [Show full text]
  • Collector's Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage
    Liberty Coin Service Collector’s Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage (49 BC - AD 518) The Twelve Caesars - The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians (49 BC - AD 96) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Julius Caesar (49-44 BC) Augustus (31 BC-AD 14) Tiberius (AD 14 - AD 37) Caligula (AD 37 - AD 41) Claudius (AD 41 - AD 54) Tiberius Nero (AD 54 - AD 68) Galba (AD 68 - AD 69) Otho (AD 69) Nero Vitellius (AD 69) Vespasian (AD 69 - AD 79) Otho Titus (AD 79 - AD 81) Domitian (AD 81 - AD 96) The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96 - AD 192) Nerva (AD 96-AD 98) Trajan (AD 98-AD 117) Hadrian (AD 117 - AD 138) Antoninus Pius (AD 138 - AD 161) Marcus Aurelius (AD 161 - AD 180) Hadrian Lucius Verus (AD 161 - AD 169) Commodus (AD 177 - AD 192) Marcus Aurelius Years of Transition (AD 193 - AD 195) Pertinax (AD 193) Didius Julianus (AD 193) Pescennius Niger (AD 193) Clodius Albinus (AD 193- AD 195) The Severans (AD 193 - AD 235) Clodius Albinus Septimus Severus (AD 193 - AD 211) Caracalla (AD 198 - AD 217) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Geta (AD 209 - AD 212) Macrinus (AD 217 - AD 218) Diadumedian as Caesar (AD 217 - AD 218) Elagabalus (AD 218 - AD 222) Severus Alexander (AD 222 - AD 235) Severus The Military Emperors (AD 235 - AD 284) Alexander Maximinus (AD 235 - AD 238) Maximus Caesar (AD 235 - AD 238) Balbinus (AD 238) Maximinus Pupienus (AD 238) Gordian I (AD 238) Gordian II (AD 238) Gordian III (AD 238 - AD 244) Philip I (AD 244 - AD 249) Philip II (AD 247 - AD 249) Gordian III Trajan Decius (AD 249 - AD 251) Herennius Etruscus
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Empire Mr
    The roman empire Mr. Cline History Marshall High School Marshall High School Mr. Cline Western Civilization I: Ancient Foundations Unit Four EA * Introduction to the Julio-Claudian Dynasty • In this lesson, we're going to tackle the Julio-Claudian Dynasty, the first imperial dynasty of the Roman Empire. • In power from 27 BC to 68 AD, the dynasty included the reigns of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. • Although many of its members seemed a bit nuts, the Julio-Claudian Dynasty is arguably the most famous dynasty of the Empire. • As we go through the details of this dynasty, it may just seem like a really violent soap opera. Men came to power through forced marriage, divorce, assassination, and murder. • While discussing the twists and turns that make this dynasty infamous, there are three main points I'd like us to grasp. • First, the Julio-Claudian Dynasty was the first dynasty to rule the Roman Empire. • Second, Augustus was its first emperor and the only Julio-Claudian not to face a violent death. English Spelling of Greek Word Translation Letter Iota Iesous Jesus Chi Christos Christ Theta Theou God's Ypsilon Uios Son Sigma Soter Savior * Introduction to the Julio-Claudian Dynasty • Last, none of the emperors of the dynasty were succeeded by their biological sons, or in other words, their direct male heir. • Keeping these three things in mind, let's get to our Julio-Claudian emperors. • Augustus • As previously stated, Augustus kicked off the Julio-Claudian Dynasty. • From the Roman family group, Julia, he gives us the Julio part of the Julio- Claudian name.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman World: Lecture 22 Flavian Rome! Civil War 69 CE
    The Roman World: Lecture 22 Flavian Rome! Civil War 69 CE ‘The Year of the Four Emperors’ Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian ! Wellesley, The Long Year AD69 Civil War 69 CE sources: Tacitus’ Histories (books 1-3) Suetonius Lives ! - a succession of emperors from the military ! Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian Civil War 69 CE Galba June 68-January 69 Otho January 69-April 69 Vitellius April 69-December 69 Vespasian December 69-79 ! http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/galba/i.html SesterJus of 69 CE showing Servius Sulpicius Galba with Jtle Caes[ar] Aug[ustus] previously governor of Spanish province Tarraconensis Tacitus being sentenJous about Galba The man ‘everyone thought able to rule—if he hadn’t ruled’ (Histories 1.49) http://jaysromanhistory.com/romeweb/empcont/e056.htm Marcus Salvius Otho governor of Lusitania Otho Galba Nero http://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=ksydiva&logNo=140162874114&redirect=Dlog&widgetTypeCall=true Aulus Vitellius http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptothek_-_Kaiser_Vitellius.jpg Titus Flavius Vespasianus http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/arc/neapolis/portrait.htm The Flavian Dynasty Vespasian: Titus Flavius Vespasianus sons: Titus & Domian Vespasian: emperor 69-79 CE © Rhiannon Evans Arch of Titus, interior relief Triumph with Titus entering Rome © Rhiannon Evans Arch of Titus, interior relief: bringing back the spoils from Jerusalam The Arch of Titus, Forum Romanum © Rhiannon Evans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colosseum_in_Rome,_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg The Flavian Amphitheatre begun by Vespasian, opened 80 CE Vespasian’s famous last words Vae, inquit, puto, deus fio (Suet. 23) MarJal De Spectaculis Liber 2.5-6, 11-12 Where the august Amphitheatre now rises above our eyes, was once Nero’s lake.….
    [Show full text]
  • 27 Constantine.Key
    Roman Civilization 27: Constantine Administrative Stuf Paper III • Tesis and Topic Sentences: Due Now Midterm II • Tursday! Class website • htp://www.unm.edu/~cjdietz/romanciv/ • Updated. Administrative Stuf Paper III • Due: May 10, 5:30 p.m. Course Evaluations • Your feedback is requested. • You should have received an email from UNM. Check your email. Fall Semester: • Greek Civilization • MW 5:30-6:45 • Registration is open! • Tell your fiends! Questions? Te Dominate Starting with Diocletian Diocletian November 20, 284 - May 1, 305 Rise to Power • Born: December 2, 244 in Spalatum (Split, Croatia) • Emperor on November 20, 284 • Te Dominate (fr. Dominus) Te Dominate Starting with Diocletian Principate to Dominate • Imperator to Dominus • No longer concerned with any illusions of a republic • Dominus as divine • Proskynesis • Luxury palaces • Diocletian’s Palace Diocletian’s Palace, Split, Croatia Diocletian November 20, 284 - May 1, 305 Tetrarchy • Knew empire was too big to manage efectively • In 286, named Maximian co-emperor Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti Tetrarchy March 1, 293 Empire was too big to manage, even with two emperors • Tetrarchy = tetra + archy (cf. monarchy) • East • Augustus: Diocletian • Caesar: Galerius • West • Augustus: Maximian • Caesar: Constantius Te Tetrarchy Confusing Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti East West Augustus Diocletian Maximian Abdicated: May 1, 305 Abdicated: May 1, 305 Caesar Galerius Constantius Confusing Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti East West Augustus Galerius Constantius Died July 25, 306 Caesar
    [Show full text]
  • Marcus Aurelius (Edited)
    MARCUS AURELIUS (26 April, 121 AD – 17 March 180 AD) 106 – 43 BC Life of Cicero, orator, politician, and philosopher 4 BC – 65 AD Life of Seneca, orator, politician, and philosopher 55 AD – c.135 Life of Epictetus, Stoic philosophical teacher 95 AD – c.167 Life of Fronto, orator, politician, tutor to Marcus Aurelius (Dates below are AD) 121 Marcus born (as M. Annius Verus) in Rome 124 Death of natural father of Marcus; adopted by his grandfather 138 Adopted (with Lucius Ceionius Commodus) by Antoninus, who became emperor after Hadrian Engaged to marry Faustina (daughter of Antoninus) 140 & 145 Marcus is made consul 145 Marries Faustina 147 Birth of first child, a girl (the first of at least 13 children, including two sets of twins, that Faustina would bear over the next 23 years, only 2 survive to adult) Marcus receives tribunician power and imperium 155 – 61 (uncertain date) Death of Marcus’ mother, Domitia Lucilla 161 Death of Antoninus Pius Marcus and Lucius become joint emperors Faustina gives birth to Commodus and his twin, Titus (who died in childhood) Parthians invade eastern part of empire 162– 6 Lucius directs successful campaign against Parthians 166– 7 Plague in Rome and throughout the empire 168– 80 Marcus spends most of these years on campaign, on northern frontier 168 Danube frontier of empire invaded; emperors reinforce the border 169 Death of Lucius from illness 170 German tribes defeat Marcus and invade the north of the empire, advancing into northern Italy 172– 4 Marcus leads successful campaigns against German tribes,
    [Show full text]
  • OTHO's EXEMPLARY RESPONSE There Is an Outlier to the Histories
    chapter four OTHO’S EXEMPLARY RESPONSE There is an outlier to the Histories’ rhythm of regressive repetition. Tacitus’ Otho, the revolutionary who rises up to overthrow Galba in Histories 1, is no untarnished hero. But in the rich account of the emperor’s suicide at Histories 2.46–49, Tacitus presents Otho as a corrective respondent to the repetitive civil wars of the surrounding narrative, as the one voice opposing the trope of repetition’s hold on the Histories. And, as we shall see later in this short concluding chapter, in Otho’s death-scene Tacitus again employs a cluster of epic allusions in order to underline his point. In Chapter 3 I considered the programmatic force of Tacitus’ words at 2.46.3, which come just after the Othonians’ loss at Cremona I: nemo dubitet potuisse renouari bellum atrox lugubre incertum uictis et uictoribus (“No one would doubt that the war could have been renewed—gloomy, lamentable, and uncertain for the vanquished and the victors alike”). This line, which prepares us for the “rematch” at Cremona II, caps of a chapter (2.46) in which Otho’s soldiers and his praetorian prefect Plotius Firmus vehemently urge him to press on and continue the war against Vitellius. But Otho resolutely refuses. Prior to their pleas, in fact, Tacitus had already informed us of the emperor’s constancy and resolve in his plan of action: opperiebatur Otho nuntium pugnae nequaquam trepidus et consilii certus (2.46.1: “Otho awaited news of the battle not at all afraid and certain of a plan”).
    [Show full text]