Modern Art Unit with 20+ Artists

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Modern Art Unit

By: ______Name: ______Modern Art Movements

Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s. It includes a wide range of styles. Usually, it is a term used for art that has thrown off traditions of the past in a spirit of experimentation… with color, technique, themes and so forth.

Impressionism This group of artists captured a moment in time, often capturing the way sunlight, color and shadow appeared in every-day events. They used more color and often used lots of paint to show movement in their paintings. Instead of using broad strokes, they applied small touches of bright color.

Some of the greatest impressionist artists were Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot and Pierre Auguste Renoir.

Neo-Impressionism The Neo-Impressionists were a group within the impressionists who experiments with a new technique. Instead of mixing colors on the palette or on the canvas, they placed small dots side by side. They relied on the viewer’s eye to blend colors. These artists were drawn to modern urban scenes as well as landscapes and seashores.

Some of the artists that experimented with this technique included Seurat and Signac. Others included Henri- Edmond Cross, Albert Dubois-Pillet, Maximilien Luce, Théo Van Rysselberghe, and, for a time, the Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro.

©homeschoolden.com Post-Impressionism This is a very broad term used to discuss art in the 1880s and early 20th century. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color. This movement emphasized abstract qualities or symbolic content – so it encompasses Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism, Cloisonnism, Pont-Aven School, and Synthetism, along with some later Impressionists' work.

The movement was led by Paul Cézanne (known as father of Post-impressionism), Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Henri Rousseau and Georges Seurat, who we read about above and is sometimes referred to as a Neo- Impressionist.

Fauvism Fauvism is a a style of painting with vivid expressionistic and non-naturalistic use of color. They used bright color aggressively applied straight from the paint tubes to create a sense of an explosion on the canvas. This term means “wild beast” in French and was first used by a well-known art critic of the time. The small group of artists he was criticizing used this term to celebrate their unique style

The leader of the group was Henri Matisse. Other Fauvists included André Derain, who had attended school with Matisse in 1898–99, and Maurice de Vlaminck, who was Derain’s friend.

©homeschoolden.com Expressionism Expressionism is not limited to art and painting, the style extended to a wide range of the arts, including expressionist architecture, painting, literature, theatre, dance, film and music. Expressionist artists express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. Expressionism emerged as widespread anxiety about humanity's increasingly discordant relationship with the world and accompanying lost feelings of authenticity and spirituality. Artists used distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements. Expressionism appeared in different artwork across Europe, especially during the period 1905 to 1920. Artists expressed themselves with strong color and distorted figures to explore themes of belonging and alienation.

Expressionism was inspired most heavily by the Symbolist currents in late-19th-century art. Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch, and James Ensor and included artists such as Oskar Kokoschka and Egon Schiele of Austria, Georges Rouault and Chaim Soutine in France, the painter Max Beckmann, the graphic artist Käthe Kollwitz, and the sculptors Ernst Barlach and Wilhelm Lehmbruck of Germany.

Cubism The first Cubist exhibition took place in 1911. It was started by Picasso and Bruque. It was inspired by Cezanne’s use of multiple viewpoints in a single painting. Cubist artists used geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

©homeschoolden.com Other Art Movements:

Futurism Neo-Plasticism

Surrealism

Dadaism

Abstract Expressionism

Suprematism

Pop Art

Constructivism

Op Art

©homeschoolden.com

Modern Art Overview Activity: Our first activity was a general overview of many of these art movements (so that the kids were familiar with the general art terms above). You can print out a version with the pictures on the notebook pages (the previous pages) or you can print out the notebook pages and have your students cut and paste the sets of pictures as you briefly touch on each art movement. (You could also do this at the end or your unit to wrap things up). You can print out the pages that follow (pages 7 – 13) and have your students paste the artwork that goes with each art movement.

Name: ______Modern Art Movements

Some of the greatest impressionist artists were Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot and Pierre Auguste Renoir.

The leader of the group was Henri Matisse. Other Fauvists included André Derain, who had attended school with Matisse in 1898–99, and Maurice de Vlaminck, who was Derain’s friend.

©homeschoolden.com Other Art Movements:

Futurism Neo-Plasticism

Surrealism

Dadaism

Abstract Expressionism

Suprematism

Pop Art

Constructivism

Op Art

©homeschoolden.com Cut & Paste Directions: Cut out the picture groups below along the dotted lines. Glue these examples onto the notebook pages on the previous 3 pages.

©homeschoolden.com

©homeschoolden.com In this unit, we borrowed a lot of books from the library. The series by Mike Venezia is fabulous!! We read them (more or less) in chronological order and/or in the order that the artists knew each other. We also used 50 Modern Artists You Should Know (to help us figure out which artist was born when) and Splat: The Most Exciting Artists of All Time which has good overviews of some (but not all) of these artists. We learned about Renoir, Monet and Degas first. Then we did Whistler (an American impressionist artist) and Mary Cassatt (who knew and became friends with Degas). Next, we read about Cezanne. We moved on to Van Gogh and then Gauguin (who joined Van Gogh for a time in Arles, but then left… and Not too long after that, Van Gogh famously cut off his own ear. Van Gogh then committed suicide and Gauguin moved to the South Seas (leaving behind his family and staying there for most of the rest of his life!) We then moved on to Matisse, Picasso, Chagall and Warhol (and we talked briefly about a few others).

©homeschoolden.com Name: ______

Impressionism Impressionism started in France between 1860 and 1900. A group of artists decided to rebel against the established art critics, called the Salon in France. The Salon was the official government art show held in Paris each year. Between 1748 and 1890, it was the greatest annual art show in the Western World. It was a juried exhibition of new painting and sculpture, held in large commercial halls. Beginning in 1849 medals were introduced to award to the winners. The ticket-bearing public was invited to attend the Salon as well. People who were interested in buying artwork came from all over the world to see the paintings on display there. At this time, it was common to portray historical or mythological scenes, such as the Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners by Alexandre Cabanel. You can see the accepted style in Jean-Léon Gérôme‘s painting, The Cock Fight. This painting was sent to the Salon in 1847 where he won a third-place medal. Alexandre Cabanel was a well-known artist of the time. He was closely connected to the Paris Salon and was elected regularly to the Salon Jury. He and William-Adolphe Bouguereau refused to allow the impressionist painter Édouard Manet, Camille Pissarro and many other painters to exhibit their work in the Salon of 1863… which led to the Salon des Refusés, French for "exhibition of rejects." In France in the 1800s, it was important for an artist to have his work accepted by the Salon in order to be considered a master. In the early 1860s, a group of painters were studying under the academic artist Charles Gleyre. While they were there, they began to discuss their interest in painting landscape and contemporary life. Claude Monet and some other artists such as Pierre Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley and Camille Pissarro helped invent Impressionism. They became some of the best-known groups of artists ever! They used quick brush strokes to give the feeling of a group of people or a river or a village at the moment they saw it. The Salon judges were not receptive to the new impressionist painters. They opposed the Impressionist’s shift away from traditional styles. The group of Impressionist artists decided to put on their own show. They moved away from traditional ways of representing the world. Instead of trying to paint realistic pictures, they painted an “impression” of what the person, object or landscape looked like to them in that moment. These paintings captured a moment in time and the atmosphere or a scene. Claude Monet entered the painting below called Impression, Sunrise in an exhibition in Paris in 1874. The painting is credited with inspiring the name of the Impressionist movement. Their first show didn’t go very well. People hated most of the painting they saw and complained that the paintings looked unfinished, sloppy, out of focus, and didn’t pay attention to detail. ©homeschoolden.com Impressionist Artists

Impressionist painting shows life-like subjects painted in a broad, rapid style, with brushstrokes that are easily seen and colors that are often bright. The impressionists gave visual impression of the moment. The impressionists gave impressions of sunlight, color and shadow. They often showed every-day events and added more colors. They were interested in showing the way the sunlight looked. Impressionist painters might show gleaming spots of light, color in shadows. They often used colors straight from the tube in dots or dashes. They went outdoors and painted their scenes right on the spot, rather than back in studios. They used quick, loose brushstrokes to capture a moment in time. One day, Monet and Renoir met up to paint some scenes of an area where people went to go boating and swimming. These are some of the earliest impressionist paintings: Monet’s painting is left; Renoir is on the right

Impressionists included artists such as Monet, Degas, Renoir and Cassatt.

Monet Renoir Degas

©homeschoolden.com Claude Monet Monet liked painting scenes of everyday life. He often painted pictures of the same things at different times of the day or in different seasons He is well known for his paintings of his water garden.

©homeschoolden.com Pierre Auguste Renoir Renoir painted many portraits. He also enjoyed working outdoors painting scenes of people having a good time. His favorite subjects were always people.

©homeschoolden.com Edgar Degas Some of Degas’ most famous works are scenes of Paris and the people who lived and worked there. One of Degas favorite subjects was the ballet. He loved showing ballerinas rehearsing. Degas began to lose his eyesight. He began to make model figures out of wax.

©homeschoolden.com Modern Artists of the early 1900s – Notebook Pages Project

©homeschoolden.com Notebook Pages Project 1) The names sheet does not get cut up. Use either the plain names sheet or the names with the artistic style on it. 2) Cut out the descriptions. 3) Cut out the paintings. 4) Mix them up and have the students tape the descriptions on top of each name.

5) Then place the paintings on top of the description and tape that down.

NOTE: The descriptions and paintings are in the same order as the names pages, so be sure to mix them up after cutting them out.  P.S. There are many more modern artists. You might want to check out 50 Modern Artists You Should Know or Splat: The Most Exciting Artists of All Time in addition to the wonderful series by Mike Venezia that I mentioned at the beginning of this packet.

©homeschoolden.com Modern Artists of the early 1900s

Renoir Monet Degas

Impressionist Impressionist Impressionist

Pissarro Cezanne

Impressionist

Post-Impressionist Post-Impressionist

Whistler Cassatt

Impressionist Impressionist

Van Gogh Gauguin

Post-Impressionist Post-Impressionist

©homeschoolden.com

Seurat Munch Matisse

Post-Impressionist Expressionism Fauvism

Picasso Chagall

Cubism, Expressionism Cubism

O’Kee ffe

American Modernism

Dali Pollock Warhol

Surrealism Drip Painting Pop Art

©homeschoolden.com Modern Artists of the early 1900s

Renoir Monet Degas

Pissarro Cezanne

Whistler Cassatt

Van Gogh Gauguin

©homeschoolden.com

Seurat Munch Matisse

Picasso Chagall

O’Kee ffe

Dali Pollock Warhol

©homeschoolden.com Modern Artists of the early 1900s

Impressionist Impressionism Impressionist Painter

Painter Colorful brushstrokes He painted ordinary things Enjoyed painting people in Worked outdoors, but natural poses – did many like a boat on a lake, paintings of ballerinas his favorite subjects rocks, haystacks, his water

were people. garden.

Impressionist & Post- Post-Impressionist

Impressionist Painter

artistic portrayals of the He wanted to show how he "common man" felt about nature in his paintings. Used simple, solid Became friends with many shapes. younger artists.

Art & Music American First major American artist to gain an international Impressionist Painter reputation. Interpret impressionist style w/ Friends with Degas. symbolism. Gave his paintings Did many paintings of musical titles like Symphony, mothers & children. Harmony or Variation.

Bright, Moving Started as an

Pictures Impressionist… New style in the South Thick paint, Seas w/exotic subject Angry, Emotional matter and bright colors.

Fauves ("wild beasts") Pointillism Expressionism Leading figure of Depict the problems of human He used color in new ways. Fauvism – strong, His paintings used tiny dots existence in a disjointed world… of various pure colors, vivid colors. which become blended in Fear distress love illness death Cheery landscapes and the viewer's eye. are themes of his work. figure paintings.

Several points of Combine styles of Paris artists with view at once his memories of his He shook up the way things are composed in Jewish background paintings. Cubism. in Belarus.

Still-life Flowers

American artist who is famous for oversized, magnified flower pictures.

Surrealism Drip Painting The act of painting was Dazzling Products Dream Worlds… as important as the end & Famous He created fantastic result – drip, spill and but realistic pictures. splatter! Celebrities

James McNeill Whistler was one of the first American artists to gain an international reputation. He helped popularize impressionism in Great Britain and North America. He linked art and music and began to give his works musical designations such as “symphony,” “harmony,” or “nocturne.”

Arrangement in Grey and Whistler purposely linked his portraits to music and harmony rather than Black No. 1: The Artists narrative. Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl Nocturne in Blue Mother and Gold, Old Battersea Bridge, Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket

The American artist, Mary Cassatt was influenced by the impressionist artists of the time. She was became friends with Edgar Degas and was asked to show her works with them. She was strongly influenced by their work. Look at the change in style in her work:

In 1872, On the Balcony was She was strongly influenced by the other impressionist painters of the accepted by the judges of the time. Her colors became brighter and she experimented with different Great Salon. materials.

The Post-Impressionists were the generation right after the impressionists. They continue to stretch the boundaries, moving even farther away from the realistic style of the 1800s. They used bolder color, shape, pattern and light in their paintings. These artists made energetic paintings in bright colors in order to capture mood and express feelings. The Post Impressionists included artists such Paul Cezanne, Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. Each artist had a different style and specialized in a different subject matter.

Cezanne Van Gogh Gauguin

©homeschoolden.com Van Gogh Van Gogh was born in the Netherlands. He lived for a time in London and Belgium, but moved to Paris in 1886. At the time, Paris was a major center of art. Van Gogh is known for his landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits. Van Gogh was influenced by Impressionists Edgar Degas and Claude Monet, but even more so by Neo-impressionist Georges Seurat, partly because of the use of dots of contrasting colors to intensify the image, a technique called Pointillism.

Above: Georges Seurat, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884–1886

In 1888, Van Gogh left Paris to paint in the country village of Arles. He tried to get other artists to join him, but only Paul Gauguin went to try it out. His time in Arles was one of his most prolific. The famous paintings Bedroom in Arles (1888) were painted then.

Van Gogh admired Gauguin and wanted to be treated as his equal, but Gauguin was arrogant and domineering, which frustrated Van Gogh. They often quarreled. One day it became clear that Gaugin was going to leave. Van Gogh cut off his ear. Van Gogh likened painting with constructing small, thoughtfully placed dashes of color to writing "words in a speech or a letter". ©homeschoolden.com Be sure to check out our store for more of our packets! http://homeschoolden.com/store/ Science: We ♥love♥ hands on activities. We have packets on Earth Space Science, Simple Machines, the States of Matter, Electricity and Circuits STEM unit, Cells Unit, Human Body Systems, the Digestive System, the Ocean, World Animals, Animal Characteristics, Dinosaurs and more!!

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