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557970 bk Kalomiris EU 14/3/07 12:51 Page 8 7 Part IV ! The Destruction of Psara GREEK CLASSICS Beside the Gate of Romanus Upon the blackened ridge of Psara the spacious prairie stretches Glory walking alone all fresh and blooming all. Recalls the gallant young men: And all around the gardens of the Spring Upon her head she wears a crown Manolis encircle it with fragrant garlands. Made of what little grass When April’s days are nearly o’er Remained on that desolate earth. Even the huge, enormous fortress over there KALOMIRIS with its mighty triple buttresses English translation of the poem The Destruction of even the fortress is fresh and green Psara courtesy of Dr Anna Christake Cornwell ivy, and vine and laurel, Triptych transform, even those spired battlements, into flower-bedecked thickets. Symphony No. 3 ‘Palamanian’ • Three Greek Dances • Psará (…) They’re coming! The gypsies! The gypsies! Nikitas Tsakiroglou, Narrator Excerpts from Costis Palamas’ The Dodecalogue of the Athens State Orchestra • Byron Fidetzis Gypsy rendered into English verse by Elly Tornazakis 8.557970 8 557970 bk Kalomiris EU 14/3/07 12:51 Page 2 Manolis Kalomiris (1883-1962) Symphony No. 3 ‘Palamanian’ Triptych • Palamian Symphony • Three Greek Dances 4 Part I 6 Part III Manolis Kalomiris is today written in memory of the statesman Eleftherios considered the father of the Venizelos, was destined to be given on the day of the My sire was a mortal, …Oh enchantress, who at midnight Greek national school of funeral of Palamas, who was the other ideological A fay gave me birth; talkest to the stars composition. One of the most mentor of Kalomiris. Kalomiris himself stood on the a commanding language! prolific Greek composers, he orchestra podium and directed his own work, which (…) considerably enriched the immediately took on a special symbolism: the Triptych Thus roam I, a stranger, (…) musical heritage of modern grievingly sang of an era for ever gone and at the same Through solitude’s way. I have talked and thou hast listened Greece with his work, thus time articulated the need for the pursuit of noble ideals. and thou leanest towards me… creating a unique point of The Palamian Symphony is Manolis Kalomiris’s Woe! Oh Woe! reference. His contribution to third symphony, composed after the Levendia English version of the poem A Fay Gave me Birth Swift though the art of thy embraces be, the creation of a distinctly Symphony [Symphony of Manliness] (1920) and The courtesy of the Manolis Kalomiris Society, Athens. in spite of all thy kisses… Greek symphonic sound has Symphony of the Good and Innocent People (1931). The been very definite. Palamian Symphony was completed in the spring of (…) In the evening of 18th March 1936, Kalomiris’s 1955 and first performed by the Athens State Orchestra 5 Part II …on thy bouncing and victorious breasts wife, Charikleia, found her husband writing music at the on 22nd January 1956 in Athens, under the direction of I found piano, his eyes streaming with tears. She asked him the great Greek conductor Andreas Parides (1910-2000) And they hailed me all but a woman’s perfidy what the matter was, and he answered, completely to whom the work is dedicated. and bade me thus: and enslavement of the flesh. shattered: “Venizelos has just died and I have been All three symphonies mentioned above are related “Adapt the tune, oh minstrel do, trying to compose a funeral march to mourn the Master to the great Greek poet Costis Palamas (1856-1943); the that thy “Zourna” may aptly match (…) Builder of Great Greece.” The score Kalomiris had in Levendia Symphony is dedicated to him, The Symphony the rhythm of our merriment. Oh thou so near to me and yet so far, front of him was the second movement of the Triptych. of the Good and Innocent People borrows its title from who raisest thy imperative voice The work was initially to be entitled Symphonic one of Palamas’s verses and the Palamian Symphony (…) at midnight to the stars, Triptych: Crete, “in memory of a hero”, and was proudly bears the poet’s name. Kalomiris wrote on the And when they came and stood me off, and to the whole of Nature, conceived with a chorus, To the Liberation of Crete, as Palamian Symphony: a mason among masons, and when thou enfoldest me its final movement. (Eleftherios Venizelos originated and when they came and said to me: in thy passionate embrace, from Crete.) The chorus ended up as an independent “Whatever good and pure I have produced is “Gypsy, go thy way!” Oh woman, thou, like all the others piece, and it is only in recent years that its relationship most of the times inextricably bound to and when I took the road alone, sly and servile, with what became the Triptych has been acknowledged. Palamian verse, to the Palamian Idea. Today, the road of solitude, who art thou, then? The reasons that incited Kalomiris to compose a in my declining years and before I set out on the I felt a sadness deep within, Postlude without choral accompaniment remain ultimate journey, I wish for yet once more to a heavy, sobbing sadness. unknown up to this day. The Triptych finally had its sing against the backdrop of His divine lyre. première in Athens on 28th February 1943, a tragic day And I set the Palamian Symphony as an altar, a for both Kalomiris and Greece. On the morning of that monument of my faith to the ever-lasting Greek very day the citizens of Athens buried the great Greek Art and the Poet who symbolizes it.” poet Costis Palamas (1856-1943), seizing at the same time the opportunity to demonstrate for freedom. The The work was received with great enthusiasm and demonstration shattered the whole of Nazi-occupied was praised to the skies by almost the entire Athenian Athens. It was on that very evening that the Athens State circle of musicians and intellectuals. The Palamian Orchestra had scheduled its inaugural concert. And so Symphony stands as one of the greatest landmarks, not the first public performance of the Triptych, a work only in modern Greek music but also in Greek art and 8.557970 27 8.557970 557970 bk Kalomiris EU 14/3/07 12:51 Page 6 modernen griechischen Musik, der griechischen Kunst spielt. Die Wurzeln des Tanzes aus Tsakonia beyond. The contribution of Greek symphonic music to by the character of the young singer in that opera. Dance und darüber hinaus. Was die symphonische Musik (Tsakonikos) reichen in die zweite Oper des the challenging terrain of European symphonic from Tsakonia (Tsakonikos) originates from the Griechenlands zum anspruchsvollen Gebiet der Komponisten, Der Ring der Mutter (1917). Das composition has not yet been duly appreciated, yet the composer’s second opera The Mother’s Ring (1917). europäischen Symphonik beigetragen hat, ist bislang Originalthema des Tanzes ist im traditionellen experience of listening today to such a work as the Written in the traditional five-beat rhythm, the original noch nicht gehörig gewürdigt worden; erlebt man heute Fünfertakt komponiert und wird mit Phrasen und Palamian Symphony suggests that such contribution is theme of this dance is embellished with phrases and aber ein Werk wie die Palamische Symphonie, dann Themen aus dem Bühnenwerk ausgeschmückt. far from negligible. themes from the opera. wird man bemerken, dass dieser Beitrag keineswegs zu Während des griechischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges The Three Greek Dances, even though composed The island of Psara was razed by the Ottomans in unterschätzen ist. wurde die Insel Psara 1824 von den Türken geschleift. separately, much earlier and at different times, were 1824, during the Greek War of Independence. Solomos Die Drei griechischen Tänze entstanden viel früher, Der Dichter Solomos verfasste sechs Zeilen, in denen er joined together in 1934 to form an integral dance suite. composed his poem in order to describe the utter grief zu verschiedenen Zeiten und waren demzufolge die unendliche Trauer und die Größe des winzigen The first dance, Ballos, based on the two-beat rhythm but also the grandeur of that tiny island which resisted zunächst unabhängige Stücke, wurden dann aber 1934 Eilandes beschrieb, das um der Freiheit willen typical of this popular dance from the Greek islands, and fought for liberty. Kalomiris followed in Solomos’s zu einer Suite zusammengestellt. Der erste Tanz, Ballos, Widerstand leistete. Kalomiris trat in Solomos’ was initially composed for piano about 1917. Idyllic footsteps, leading the orchestra in just a few bars to a aus dem Jahre 1917 war eigentlich ein Klavierstück. Er Fußstapfen und führte das Orchester binnen weniger Dance, which borrows its motifs from Kalomiris’s first grand culmination that gloriously emerges out of beruht auf einem Zweier-Rhythmus, der für den Takte zu einem grandiosen Höhepunkt, der sich opera The Master Builder (1916), was composed in darkness and destruction. volkstümlichen Tanz von den griechischen Inseln glorreich aus Finsternis und Zerstörung erhebt. Das 1924 by commission of the Grassi concerts, which also The exact date of composition remains unknown. typisch ist. Der Idyllische Tanz bezieht seine Motive aus exakte Entstehungsdatum des Werkes ist unbekannt. undertook the work’s inaugural performance in Paris. It The work was first performed in Athens by the Athens Kalomiris’ erster Oper, Der Baumeister von 1916. Er Die Uraufführung fand am 13. November 1949 in Athen is in fact a fantasy, lacking a characteristic rhythmic State Orchestra on 13th November 1949. entstand 1924 für die Grassi-Konzerte, die das Werk wiederum durch das Staatsorchester statt. pattern. In concert programmes of the time, this dance auch in Paris aus der Taufe hoben.