Representatividade E Produção De Memes Em Comunidades Digitais

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Representatividade E Produção De Memes Em Comunidades Digitais E aí, let’s get sickening!: representatividade e produção de memes em comunidades digitais brasileiras a partir do consumo de RuPaul’s Drag Race And so, let’s get sickening!: representativity and memes production in brazilian digital communities from the consume of RuPaul’s Drag Race LUANA INOCÊNCIO1 RAFAEL MORAES2 RESUMO Parte já indissociável do roteiro de consumo de determinado produto da indústria criativa, nas comunidades digitais aglutinam-se diálogos, sociabilidades e remixagens de conteúdos audiovisuais, em que os fãs buscam reinterpretar e personalizar tais produções para um con- texto local. Neste cenário, a presente investigação busca analisar os atravessamentos identitários nas práticas interacionais em torno do reality show estadunidense RuPaul’s Drag Race, localizados nas comu- nidades digitais brasileiras do programa. Tem-se enquanto hipótese que tais fandoms online atuam como repositórios de repertórios cul- turais LGBTQ+ locais, seus valores, idioletos, personagens e cenários. Utilizaremos enquanto articuladores dessa reflexão os memes de internet em formato de vídeo, produzidos e circulados por fãs bra- sileiros a partir da apreensão de cenas do programa, combinadas a trechos de áudio e vídeo de memes populares brasileiros protagoni- zados por LGBTQ+ e/ou mulheres cis tidas como “divas” de tal sub- cultura, frequentemente referenciada como Vale dos Homossexuais. Trama: Indústria Criativa em Revista. Dossiê Gênero e Indústria Criativa: produção, representação e consumo. Ano 4, vol.6, n.1, julho/2018: 59-82. ISSN: 2447-7516 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: memes; RuPaul’s Drag Race; produção fã; cultura drag; representatividade. ABSTRACT Indissociable part of the consume script of product in the creative industries, dialogues, sociabilities and audiovisual content remixes get together in the digital communities, in which the fans aim to rein- terpret and personalize such productions to a local context. In this scenario, this investigation aims to analyze the identitary crossings in the interactional practices involving the American reality show Ru- Pauls’ Drag Race, located in the Brazilian digital communities about the show. We have as an hypothesis that these online fandoms act as a library of LGBTQ+ local repertoires, with its values, idioms, charac- ters and scenarios. We use as articulators for this reflexion the inter- net memes in video and image, produced and circulated by Brazilian fans from the apprehension of scenes of the show, combined to parts of popular Brazilian memes in audio and video protagonized by LGB- TQ+ and/or cis women seen as “divas” of this subculture, frequently referenced as “Vale dos Homossexuais” (or “Homossexual Valley”). KEY-WORDS: memes; RuPaul’s Drag Race; fan production; drag culture; representativity. INTRODUÇÃO Em 2009, estreava a primeira temporada do reality show RuPaul’s Drag Race, transmitido pela Logo TV, emissora americana especiali- zada na exibição de produções voltadas para o público LGBTQ+. O programa propõe uma competição na qual artistas drag queens par- ticipam de uma série de provas relacionadas às práticas do universo drag, como costura, desfile, imitação e maquiagem, com o objetivo de conquistarem o título de “America’s Next Drag Superstar”. Em ou- tras palavras, a drag queen que tenha quatro principais atributos: carisma, singularidade, ousadia e talento3. Comandado pelo ícone drag RuPaul Charles, o reality atualmente Indústria Criativa Revista em acumula dez temporadas, uma legião de fãs ao redor do mundo e ainda possui em seu escopo outros dois programas televisivos deri- Trama vados: RuPaul’s Drag Race All Stars e RuPaul’s Drag Race: Untucked!. O 60 primeiro é uma edição que reúne algumas das melhores queens de temporadas anteriores, coroando uma delas; já o segundo, é exibido junto com RPDR e mostra os bastidores, enquanto as participantes esperam as deliberações dos jurados. Neste trabalho, procuramos analisar os videomemes (INOCÊNCIO, 2017) criados pelos fãs brasileiros de RuPaul’s Drag Race e a relação que essas produções amadoras audiovisuais possuem com o contexto cul- tural da comunidade LGBTQ+ do Brasil. Observaremos, ao longo desta investigação, o Untucked! como uma instância que privilegia potenciais cargas dramáticas, entre elas as brigas e discussões que rendem diver- sos memes. Um exemplo é a cena4 da nona temporada em que a queen Aja iniciou uma série de ataques irônicos à competidora Valentina por esta ser supostamente protegida pelos jurados, canonizando o bordão “You’re perfect, you’re beautiful, you look like Linda Evangelista”. Esse mo- mento foi apropriado pelos fãs e rendeu uma sequência de montagens, remixes musicais e redublagens parodiando a discussão. Outro exemplo pode ser observado no teste final de cada episó- dio, em que as duas concorrentes com pior desempenho precisam “dublar pelas suas vidas” (lip sync for your life) para provar que mere- cem continuar no programa. Dessa forma, elas performam uma mú- sica previamente selecionada pela produção e em diversos dos vide- omemes coletados, os fãs utilizaram cenas destas apresentações e substituindo os áudios originais por músicas brasileiras. Desenvolvemos, assim, a hipótese de que a apropriação criativa pela ressignificação e circulação de vídeos na forma de montagens nos videomemes torna-se uma instância de representatividade importante para fazer referência ao imaginário compartilhado e atravessado pe- las representações identitárias da cultura drag brasileira no consumo do reality RuPaul’s Drag Race. Tais produções carregam diversas espe- cificidades no modo como os interagentes apreendem trechos de tal produto midiático, os relacionam a outros memes, seus cotidianos e acontecimentos glocais, aproximando seus criadores de uma dinâmica Rafael Moraes Rafael cibercultural participativa em torno da diversidade, seus diálogos, dis- putas e pertencimentos. Para isso, exploraremos grupos e páginas do site de redes sociais Facebook dedicadas ao reality, buscando compre- ender as dinâmicas envolvidas na produção dos videomemes e os dis- cursos intertextuais relacionados à performance e representatividade uana Inocêncio, Inocêncio, uana de gênero (por vezes relacionado a raça e classe) presentes. L 61 THE REALNESS: IDENTIDADE E MIDIATIZAÇÃO DA CULTURA DRAG NO MAINSTREAM Segundo Hall (1997), na pós-modernidade, a construção de identida- de de um sujeito é híbrida, uma vez que uma mesma pessoa pode entrar em contato e se identificar com diferentes tipos de cultura, pertencendo ao mesmo tempo a diferentes grupos sociais. Sendo assim, a drag queen pode ser entendida como parte do constructo social de determinados corpos queers5, uma forma de expressão que não possui necessariamen- te relação com questões de sexualidade e identidade de gênero, uma vez que é uma arte performática que tem suas origens nas artes cênicas (AMANAJÁS, 2015), mas nem por isso deixa de tensionar uma série de discussões sobre o que molda as identidades masculinas e femininas. Sua estética está diretamente relacionada ao camp6 (SONTAG, 1987), sensibilidade baseada na artificialidade, com estética exagerada e frívo- la. A cultura drag parodia o que é dominante, o que se atribui às pessoas que não seguem os padrões heteronormativos ou do binarismo de gê- nero. Assim, o camp, em associação a uma prática cultural, torna-se um importante ator na introdução de uma agenda queer nos espaços midiá- ticos mainstreams, a partir da incorporação de determinados elementos na cultura popular em sua representação na mídia (WHITNEY, 2006). Como em todo o ocidente, a figura da drag queen no Brasil foi bas- tante influenciada e moldada com a popularidade experimentada pela cultura drag de Nova York na mídia nos anos 1990 (BALZER, 2005). So- bretudo através de produtos como o documentário Paris Is Burning, da música e videoclipe de Vogue, da cantora Madonna, que se apropria do estilo de dança homônimo surgido no seio dessa cultura, resultando na ascensão de figuras midiáticas como adrag queen RuPaul, conhecida como a “Supermodel Of The World”. Tendo realizado trabalhos como per- former, cantora, modelo e atriz, a drag queen chegou a apresentar o seu próprio talk show no canal Vh1 entre 1996 e 1998, o “The RuPaul Show”. Antes de se tornar um fenômeno midiático, RuPaul era uma figu- ra transgressora. Sua carreira começou nos anos 1980, com apenas 15 anos, quando se mudou com a irmã mais velha para a cidade americana Atlanta a fim de estudar artes cênicas. Era um crossdresser7 de brechó Indústria Criativa Revista em recém-saído da adolescência e praticamente sem teto. Com um estilo colorido e extravagante, RuPaul se expressava através de visuais exage- Trama rados, marcados pela androginia, tensionando as estruturas heteronor- 62 mativas hegemônicas. Com a ascensão da cultura drag na mídia, RuPaul foi moldando sua imagem para algo menos agressivo e mais comercial (DAVENPORT, 2017). Isso se deu pela popularização e publicização de sua persona de “Supermodel”, marcada principalmente pela transformação do masculino/feminino e não mais pela indefinição de gênero de antes. A ascensão midiática da cultura drag de Nova York nos anos 1990 chegou com força no Brasil, especificamente no Rio de Janeiro. Nes- sa década, muitas drag queens nova-iorquinas vieram para o Brasil e vice-versa, criando uma ponte cultural entre os dois lugares, sendo RuPaul a figura mais notória8. Em paralelo à narrativa midiática da figura da drag queen, a própria subcultura drag presente em grandes centros urbanos como Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo também se adaptou ao fenômeno midiático
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