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The Role of Mysterious Elements in Selected Novels by Muriel Spark

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The Role of Mysterious Elements in Selected Novels by Muriel Spark Masaryk University Faculty of Education Department of English Language and Literature The Role of Mysterious Elements in Selected Novels by Muriel Spark Diploma thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Lucie Podroužková, Ph.D. Author: Bc. et Bc. Julie Večeřová Brno 2018 Declaration I hereby declare that I wrote this thesis independently and that I used only sources listed in the bibliography section. Brno, March 2018 ____________________________ Acknowledgement I would like to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor Mgr. Lucie Podroužková, PhD. for her helpful guidance, patience and valuable advice. Anotace Diplomová práce analyzuje využití mysteriózních prvků v románech The Comforters a Memento Mori skotské autorky Muriel Spark. Cílem práce je poukázat na specifickou roli, kterou ve vybraných dílech hrají právě mysteriózní prvky, a popsat jejich úlohu pro výstavbu narativu a charakterizaci postav. Výsledkem je tak poskytnutí podrobného náhledu na neotřelou narativní techniku, kterou Muriel Spark používá. Annotation The diploma thesis deals with the use of mysterious elements in the novels The Comforters and Memento Mori by a Scottish author Muriel Spark. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the specific function of such elements in the selected works and to describe their role in building the narrative and depicting the characters. As a result, the thesis provides a detailed outlook on the creative narrative technique Muriel Spark uses. Klíčová slova Muriel Spark, mysteriózní prvky, postmodernismus, The Comforters, Memento Mori, narativ, postavy Key words Muriel Spark, mysterious elements, postmodernism, The Comforters, Memento Mori, narrative, characters Table of contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7 2. The Prime of Mrs Muriel Spark ............................................................................................. 9 3. The times of Mrs Muriel Spark ............................................................................................ 12 4. A short insight into the choice of The Comforters and Memento Mori ............................... 18 5. The mystery of another voice ............................................................................................... 21 5.1. The sound of a typewriter as an additional voice in The Comforters ............................ 21 5.1.1. Various responses to the mysterious voice as a means of characterization in The Comforters ........................................................................................................................ 24 5.2. Anonymous call as an additional voice in Memento Mori ............................................ 29 5.2.1. Different descriptions of the voice as a means of characterization in Memento Mori ........................................................................................................................................... 30 6. The mystery of independency and existence ........................................................................ 36 6.1. The mystery of free will in The Comforters .................................................................. 36 6.2. The mystery of existence and freedom in Memento Mori ............................................. 40 7. The mystery of special abilities or obsessions ..................................................................... 43 7.1. The mystery of special abilities in The Comforters ...................................................... 43 7.2. The mysterious obsession with faculties in Memento Mori .......................................... 46 8. Mystery transformed into a detective story .......................................................................... 48 8.1. Mystery or a crime in The Comforters .......................................................................... 48 8.2. Mystery or a crime in Memento Mori ............................................................................ 51 9. Supernatural mysteries ......................................................................................................... 53 9.1. Diabolism in The Comforters ........................................................................................ 53 9.2. A miracle in The Comforters ......................................................................................... 53 9.3. Disappearing of a character in The Comforters ............................................................. 54 10. Mysteries of everyday life .................................................................................................. 56 10.1. The mystery of an old lady as a leader of a gang in The Comforters .......................... 56 10.2. Mysterious coincidence in The Comforters ................................................................. 57 10.3. Mysteries in relationships in Memento Mori ............................................................... 58 10.4. Mysterious research in Memento Mori ........................................................................ 60 11. The mystery of Muriel Spark as the goddess of the novel ................................................. 62 11.1. Omniscience in The Comforters .................................................................................. 62 11.2. Omniscience in Memento Mori ................................................................................... 65 12. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 68 13. Works cited ........................................................................................................................ 70 13.1. Primary sources ........................................................................................................... 70 13.2. Secondary sources ....................................................................................................... 70 1. Introduction The thesis focuses on the narrative technique of a famous Scottish writer Muriel Spark. In two selected novels of hers her creative way of characterizing the heroes and playing with the role of the narrator is examined. The thesis will particularly devote attention to the motive of mysterious elements occurring in her novels and their use as a special device of depicting the characters, determining the narrator and having a great influence on the whole narrative in general. The role of mysterious elements will be discussed namely in her novels The Comforters (1957) and Memento Mori (1959), where slightly different kinds of mysteries appear, each having a specific impact on the story, the characters and, not less importantly, on the readers. Firstly, Muriel Spark will be shortly introduced as an outstanding woman and the crucial chapters of his life will be described. Secondly, her activity within the world of literature and her considerable contribution to its richness will be presented along with an attempt to state her place in the literary history. Then the attention will be drawn on mysterious elements in each of two selected novels of hers, The Comforters and Memento Mori, and the choice of these particular pieces of work will be clarified. In each of these pieces of writing several examples of mystery appear, whether it is a mysterious, inexplicable coincidence, a weird or irrational event, a character either behaving in an unpredictable, mysterious way or having special abilities, obsession, hobbies or secrets. For the purposes of this thesis the term “mysterious” is used as an umbrella term for many cases of irrationality, inexplicitness, extraordinariness or oddity that occur in the selected novels and which will be closely analysed. In addition to this, the categories of narrator and author in the selected novels will be discusses as well, because as for the role of author and narrator in Muriel Spark’s novels, there are signs of mystery around it, too. 7 The aim of the thesis is to prove that it is thanks to what the thesis refers to as mysterious elements that Muriel Spark’s novels are so special and what enriches them with an additional level of the whole narrative. In other words, that the mysterious elements are used not only as an unusual aspect of the plot, but that the author uses them as an indispensable part of her narrative technique. The special role of each mysterious element identified in The Comforters and Memento Mori will be studied deeply and the thesis will aim to find out the purpose as well as specific consequences of them for the whole novels. Throughout the whole diploma thesis the role of mysterious elements in the chosen novels will be examined, compared and contrasted. 8 2. The Prime of Mrs Muriel Spark Dame Muriel Sarah Spark (1918 – 2006), apart from novels, the genre she was most famous for, was the author of poems, short stories, drama, critical works and even her own autobiography. She established her career in 1957 by publishing her first novel The Comforters. According to The Chicago Tribune, she was “a major twentieth-century writer and an extraordinary and unique talent: her gifts were unusual — a piercing eye; an acute ear; an incisive, often caustic wit; a voice so distinctive; and a style so inimitable”. She was born as well as educated in Edinburgh, which she termed “her own city” (Wylie), and her personality was closely connected with her Scottish roots, which was apparent also in some of her works. How apt it was when she, only at
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