Choices in Childbirth Pamphlet
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The Role of a Midwife in Assisted Reproductive Units
Clinical Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine Research Article ISSN: 2059-4828 The role of a midwife in assisted reproductive units O Tsonis1, F Gkrozou2*, V Siafaka3 and M Paschopoulos1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, university Hospitals of Birmingham, UK 3Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece Abstract Problem: The role of midwifery in Assisted Reproductive Units remains unclear. Background: Midwives are valuable health workers in every field or phase of women’s health. Their true value has been consistently demonstrated and regards mainly their function in labour. Infertility is a quite new territory in which a great deal of innovating approaches has been made through the years. Aim: The aim of this study is to present the role of midwifery in Assisted Reproductive Units based on scientific data Methods: For this review 3 (three) major search engines were included MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE focusing on the role of midwives in the assisted reproductive units. Findings: It seems that midwives have three distinct roles, when it comes to emotional management of the infertile couple, being the representative of the infertile couple and also, performing assisted reproductive techniques in some cases. Their psychomedical support is profound and, in this review, we try to research their potential role in the assisted reproductive units. Discussion: In the literature, only few scientific articles have been conducted in search of the role of Midwifery in Infertility. Their importance is once again undeniable and further research needs to be conducted in order to increase their adequate participation into this medical field. -
Caesarean Section Or Vaginal Delivery in the 21St Century
CAESAREAN SECTION OR VAGINAL DELIVERY IN THE 21ST CENTURY ntil the 20th Century, caesarean fluid embolism. The absolute risk of trans-placentally to the foetus, prepar- section (C/S) was a feared op- death with C/S in high and middle- ing the foetus to adopt its mother’s Ueration. The ubiquitous classical resource settings is between 1/2000 and microbiome. C/S interferes with neonatal uterine incision meant high maternal 1/4000 (2, 3). In subsequent pregnancies, exposure to maternal vaginal and skin mortality from bleeding and future the risk of placenta previa, placenta flora, leading to colonization with other uterine rupture. Even with aseptic surgi- accreta and uterine rupture is increased. environmental microbes and an altered cal technique, sepsis was common and These conditions increase maternal microbiome. Routine antibiotic exposure lethal without antibiotics. The operation mortality and severe maternal morbid- with C/S likely alters this further. was used almost solely to save the life of ity cumulatively with each subsequent Microbial exposure and the stress of a mother in whom vaginal delivery was C/S. This is of particular importance to labour also lead to marked activation extremely dangerous, such as one with women having large families. of immune system markers in the cord placenta previa. Foetal death and the use blood of neonates born vaginally or by of intrauterine foetal destructive proce- Maternal Benefits C/S after labour. These changes are absent dures, which carry their own morbidity, C/S has a modest protective effect against in the cord blood of neonates born by were often preferable to C/S. -
Report Title: Celebrating Birth – Aboriginal Midwifery in Canada
Report title: Celebrating Birth – Aboriginal Midwifery in Canada © Copyright 2008 National Aboriginal Health Organization ISBN: 978-1-926543-11-6 Date Published: December 2008 OAAPH [now known as the National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO)] receives funding from Health Canada to assist it to undertake knowledge-based activities including education, research and dissemination of information to promote health issues affecting Aboriginal persons. However, the contents and conclusions of this report are solely that of the authors and not attributable in whole or in part to Health Canada. The National Aboriginal Health Organization, an Aboriginal-designed and -controlled body, will influence and advance the health and well-being of Aboriginal Peoples by carrying out knowledge-based strategies. This report should be cited as: National Aboriginal Health Organization. 2008. Celebrating Birth – Aboriginal Midwifery in Canada. Ottawa: National Aboriginal Health Organization. For queries or copyright requests, please contact: National Aboriginal Health Organization 220 Laurier Avenue West, Suite 1200 Ottawa, ON K1P 5Z9 Tel: (613) 237-9462 Toll-free: 1-877-602-4445 Fax: (613) 237-1810 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.naho.ca Under the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982, the term Aboriginal Peoples refers to First Nations, Inuit and Métis people living in Canada. However, common use of the term is not always inclusive of all three distinct people and much of the available research only focuses on particular segments of the Aboriginal population. NAHO makes every effort to ensure the term is used appropriately. Acknowledgements The original Midwifery and Aboriginal Midwifery in Canada paper was published by the National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO) in May 2004. -
Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
Statement on Unassisted Birth Attended by a Doula
Statement On Unassisted Birth Attended by a Doula _______________________________________________________ Definition Unassisted childbirth – the process of intentionally giving birth without the assistance of a medical or professional birth attendant – is a decision made by a very small percentage of parents. DONA International certified and member doulas provide physical, informational and emotional support. Any type of medical or clinical assistance is outside the scope of practice agreed upon by DONA International certified and member doulas. DONA International opines herein on the considerations a doula must make when accepting clients planning an unassisted birth. Introduction Unassisted childbirth (UC) refers to the process of intentionally giving birth without the assistance of a medical or professional birth attendant. UC is also sometimes referred to as free birth, DIY (do-it-yourself) birth, unhindered birth and couples birth. In response to the recent growth in interest over UC, several national medical societies, including the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canadai, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologistsii, and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologistsiii, have issued strongly worded public statements warning against the practice. Professional midwives' associations, including the Royal College of Midwivesiv and the American College of Nurse-Midwivesv also caution against UC. Those who promote UCvi claim the practice offers mothers-to-be a natural way of welcoming their child into the world, free from drugs, machinery and medical intervention. They also note that UC allows a woman to listen to her body's signals rather than coaching from an outsider. The women who are choosing UC may do so because they do not feel supported and respected in the obstetrical care facilities available in their areas, or they are unable to afford or obtain home midwifery or physician support, which is more in line with their philosophies. -
Midwifery: a Career for Men in Nursing
Midwifery: A career for men in nursing It may not be a common path men take, but how many male midwives are there? By Deanna Pilkenton, RN, CNM, MSN, and Mavis N. Schorn, RN, CNM, PHD(C) Every year, faculty at Vanderbilt University School of there are so few men in this profession. In fact, these Nursing reviews applications to the school’s nurse- conversations often lead to the unanimous sentiment midwifery program. The applicants’ diversity is always that men shouldn’t be in this specialty at all. Scanning of interest. A wide spectrum of age is common. A pleas- the web and reviewing blog discussions on this topic ant surprise has been the gradual improvement in the confirms that it’s a controversial idea, even among Eethnic and racial diversity of applicants. Nevertheless, midwives themselves. male applicants are still rare. It’s common knowledge that the profession of nurs- Many people wonder if there’s such thing as a male ing is female dominated, and the challenges and com- midwife. There are male midwives; there just aren’t plexities of this have been explored at length. many of them. When the subject of men in midwifery is Midwifery, however, may be one of the most exclusive- discussed, it usually conjures up perplexed looks. The ly and disproportionately female specialties in the field very idea of men in midwifery can create quite a stir, of nursing and it’s time to acknowledge the presence of and most laypeople don’t perceive it as strange that male midwives, the challenges they face, and the posi- www.meninnursingjournal.com February 2008 l Men in Nursing 29 tive attributes they bring to the pro- 1697, is credited with innovations fession. -
Vocabulary: Sharks
Grades 11-12 - Vocabulary: Sharks Dermal Denticles – Tiny tooth-shaped scales that cover a shark’s body. Dermal Denticles have the same structure as teeth - enamel, dentine, pulp, epidermis, and dermis. Counter Shading - Having a dark dorsal or upper side and a lighter colored underside. Lateral Line – A row of sensors used by sharks and other fish, which detect vibrations. Cartilage – The material that makes up a shark’s skeleton (not bone), and is also found in our ears and nose. Basihyal - A sharks tongue, composed of a small piece of cartilage on the bottom of a sharks’ mouth. Carnivore - An animal that eats meat. Megalodon - An ancient shark that lived between 5 and 1.6 million years ago. Serrated Tooth - A tooth with a jagged edge that is used for sawing. Dorsal Fin - Primary fin located on the back of fishes and certain marine mammals. Pectoral Fins - Either of the anterior pairs of fins. Barbels - Sensory projections near the nostrils and mouth of some sharks, i.e. nurse sharks. They are whisker-like feelers used to taste and feel. Gills - Respiratory organs that fish use to absorb oxygen from the water in order to breathe. Snout - The tip of a shark’s head. Pup - A newly born or hatched shark. Claspers - Two finger like projections on the rear underside of male sharks. Ampullae of Lorenzini - Pores scattered about the head of sharks that are filled with a jellylike substance that can sense temperature change and weak electrical impulses given off by sick prey. Fusiform – A streamlined, oval shape body. -
Glossary of Common MCH Terms and Acronyms
Glossary of Common MCH Terms and Acronyms General Terms and Definitions Term/Acronym Definition Accountable Care Organizations that coordinate and provide the full range of health care services for Organization individuals. The ACA provides incentives for providers who join together to form such ACO organizations and who agree to be accountable for the quality, cost, and overall care of their patients. Adolescence Stage of physical and psychological development that occurs between puberty and adulthood. The age range associated with adolescence includes the teen age years but sometimes includes ages younger than 13 or older than 19 years of age. Antepartum fetal Fetal death occurring before the initiation of labor. death Authorization An act of a legislative body that establishes government programs, defines the scope of programs, and sets a ceiling for how much can be spent on them. Birth defect A structural abnormality present at birth, irrespective of whether the defect is caused by a genetic factor or by prenatal events that are not genetic. Cost Sharing The amount an individual pays for health services above and beyond the cost of the insurance coverage premium. This includes co-pays, co-insurance, and deductibles. Crude birth rate Number of live births per 1000 population in a given year. Birth spacing The time interval from one child’s birth until the next child’s birth. It is generally recommended that at least a two-year interval between births is important for maternal and child health and survival. BMI Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body weight that takes into account height. -
Onychophorology, the Study of Velvet Worms
Uniciencia Vol. 35(1), pp. 210-230, January-June, 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-1.13 www.revistas.una.ac.cr/uniciencia E-ISSN: 2215-3470 [email protected] CC: BY-NC-ND Onychophorology, the study of velvet worms, historical trends, landmarks, and researchers from 1826 to 2020 (a literature review) Onicoforología, el estudio de los gusanos de terciopelo, tendencias históricas, hitos e investigadores de 1826 a 2020 (Revisión de la Literatura) Onicoforologia, o estudo dos vermes aveludados, tendências históricas, marcos e pesquisadores de 1826 a 2020 (Revisão da Literatura) Julián Monge-Nájera1 Received: Mar/25/2020 • Accepted: May/18/2020 • Published: Jan/31/2021 Abstract Velvet worms, also known as peripatus or onychophorans, are a phylum of evolutionary importance that has survived all mass extinctions since the Cambrian period. They capture prey with an adhesive net that is formed in a fraction of a second. The first naturalist to formally describe them was Lansdown Guilding (1797-1831), a British priest from the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent. His life is as little known as the history of the field he initiated, Onychophorology. This is the first general history of Onychophorology, which has been divided into half-century periods. The beginning, 1826-1879, was characterized by studies from former students of famous naturalists like Cuvier and von Baer. This generation included Milne-Edwards and Blanchard, and studies were done mostly in France, Britain, and Germany. In the 1880-1929 period, research was concentrated on anatomy, behavior, biogeography, and ecology; and it is in this period when Bouvier published his mammoth monograph. -
A B C Pregnancy Terms and Definitions
Pregnancy Terms and Definitions Obstetrics & Gynecology A After pains or afterbirth pains: Contractions of the uterus that occur after your baby is born, as the uterus returns to its normal size. This may cause cramping for a few days, especially if this is not your first baby or if you are nursing. Amniocentesis: the removal of a sample of amniotic fluid by means of a needle inserted through the mother’s abdominal wall; used for genetic and biochemical analysis of the baby. Amniotic fluid: the liquid surrounding and protecting the baby within the amniotic sac throughout pregnancy. Amniotic sac: the membrane within the uterus that contains the baby and the amniotic fluid. Analgesic: Medication that relieves or reduces pain. Anesthesia: Loss of feeling. There are three ways of doing this: general, local and epidural. Anesthesiologist: A doctor who specializes in the use of anesthesia. Anesthetist: A registered nurse who has special training in anesthesia. Apgar score rating: A system to evaluate the health of your baby immediately after birth. The score can be zero to 10, based on appearance and color, pulse, reflexes, activity and respiration. B Baby blues: A mild depression many women feel in the first few weeks after birth. Braxton-Hicks contractions: Mild, usually painless contractions that occur during the entire pregnancy, but are only felt from the 5th month on. Breech birth: Baby is born feet or buttocks first. C Cephalopelvic disproprition (CPD): Baby’s head is too large for the mother’s pelvic bones. Cervix: the neck of the uterus; Pap smears are taken from the cervix. -
Post-Partum Hysterectomy (Removal of the Uterus/Womb After Giving Birth)
Post-partum hysterectomy (removal of the uterus/womb after giving birth) This leaflet explains what happens when a woman needs a post-partum hysterectomy following complications during giving birth. It explains why and how it is done, and what to expect afterwards. If there is anything you do not understand or if you have any questions, please speak to your midwife or doctor. What is post-partum hysterectomy? This is an operation that involves removal of the uterus (womb). This is an uncommon situation in the UK, with around 1 in 1000 women having this procedure done shortly after childbirth in this hospital, as there is a range of treatments used before such surgery which can save both future fertility and the mother’s life. It may be performed in an emergency to save the life of a woman with persistent bleeding after childbirth. Less frequently, it can be a planned procedure, often at the same time as Caesarean birth. Why is it performed? The most common reason is severe bleeding from the uterus that cannot be controlled by other measures. There is a link to Caesarean birth, particularly if the placenta for the most recent baby is both low in the uterus (placenta praevia), and deeply adherent (placenta grows too deeply into the uterine wall, known as placenta percreta or increta), so not separating fully after the birth of the baby. A more common cause of heavy bleeding is ‘uterine atony’, which is the inability of a womb to contract after the birth, as well as large or multiple fibroids and blood clotting problems. -
Consensus Statement: Alcohol and Pregnancy
Consensus Statement: Alcohol and Pregnancy The New Zealand College of Midwives recognises that there is no known safe level of alcohol consumption at any stage of pregnancy. Therefore parents planning a pregnancy and women who are pregnant should be advised not to drink alcohol. Rationale: • Women’s drinking does not happen in isolation. It is shaped by their social, environmental and cultural context. In New Zealand, this context includes the normalisation of alcohol consumption within our culture, particularly at social events. 1,4 • Alcohol passes freely through the placenta and reaches concentrations in the fetus that are as high as those in the mother. 1,2,3 • Alcohol is a teratogen – a substance that may affect the development of a fetus. 1,2, 3 • Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause the baby to be born with a range of alcohol-related birth impairments known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) 1,2,4. o FASD is an umbrella term for a range of lifelong physical, cognitive and behavioral impairments of varying severity including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). • Drinking alcohol during pregnancy also increases the risks of miscarriage, prematurity and stillbirth. • Risk of alcohol harm to the fetus is proportional to the amount of alcohol consumed. Damage to the fetus is more likely to occur with high blood alcohol levels. 1,3,4 • There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy 1,3,4 • There is no known safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy. 1,2,4 Practice Guidance: Midwives have a role in advising women against alcohol consumption during pregnancy, explaining the potential consequences and supporting women to address their alcohol use during pregnancy.