Caesarean Section Or Vaginal Delivery in the 21St Century
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Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
Information Leaflet for Women Undergoing Caesarean Section
Maternity Services Information Leaflet for Women Undergoing Caesarean Section Cavan & Monaghan Hospital Tel. 049 4376613 Information Leaflet for Women Undergoing Caesarean Section Introduction A vaginal delivery is the most common way to give birth. However, a caesarean section may be advised in certain circumstances. A caesarean section is when the baby is “delivered” through an incision (cut) in the abdomen (tummy). Caesarean section rates in Ireland are about 20% to 25%. Caesarean section may be planned in advance (elective caesarean section) or be performed at short notice, particularly if there are complications in labour (emergency caesarean section). Some reasons for caesarean section include: • you have placenta praevia (when the placenta is low-lying in the womb and covering part of the womb entrance). • your baby is in the breech (botto) position. • your labour fails to progress naturally. • caesarean section is usually performed when a vaginal (normal) birth could put you or your unborn baby at risk. The Procedure 1. Your caesarean section is usually performed under a regional anaesthesic, which numbs the lower part of your body but means you will be awake during your operation. This is safer for you and your baby than a general anaesthetic, when you are put to sleep. However sometimes it is necessary to give you an anaesthetic. 2. The regional anaesthesia will be given into your spine (called an epidural). 3 3. You will need to have a catheter (tube) inserted into your bladder to empty it, because with a regional anaesthetic, you may not be able to tell if your bladder is full and needs emptying. -
A Guide to Obstetrical Coding Production of This Document Is Made Possible by Financial Contributions from Health Canada and Provincial and Territorial Governments
ICD-10-CA | CCI A Guide to Obstetrical Coding Production of this document is made possible by financial contributions from Health Canada and provincial and territorial governments. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of Health Canada or any provincial or territorial government. Unless otherwise indicated, this product uses data provided by Canada’s provinces and territories. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be reproduced unaltered, in whole or in part and by any means, solely for non-commercial purposes, provided that the Canadian Institute for Health Information is properly and fully acknowledged as the copyright owner. Any reproduction or use of this publication or its contents for any commercial purpose requires the prior written authorization of the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Reproduction or use that suggests endorsement by, or affiliation with, the Canadian Institute for Health Information is prohibited. For permission or information, please contact CIHI: Canadian Institute for Health Information 495 Richmond Road, Suite 600 Ottawa, Ontario K2A 4H6 Phone: 613-241-7860 Fax: 613-241-8120 www.cihi.ca [email protected] © 2018 Canadian Institute for Health Information Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre Guide de codification des données en obstétrique. Table of contents About CIHI ................................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................. -
Vocabulary: Sharks
Grades 11-12 - Vocabulary: Sharks Dermal Denticles – Tiny tooth-shaped scales that cover a shark’s body. Dermal Denticles have the same structure as teeth - enamel, dentine, pulp, epidermis, and dermis. Counter Shading - Having a dark dorsal or upper side and a lighter colored underside. Lateral Line – A row of sensors used by sharks and other fish, which detect vibrations. Cartilage – The material that makes up a shark’s skeleton (not bone), and is also found in our ears and nose. Basihyal - A sharks tongue, composed of a small piece of cartilage on the bottom of a sharks’ mouth. Carnivore - An animal that eats meat. Megalodon - An ancient shark that lived between 5 and 1.6 million years ago. Serrated Tooth - A tooth with a jagged edge that is used for sawing. Dorsal Fin - Primary fin located on the back of fishes and certain marine mammals. Pectoral Fins - Either of the anterior pairs of fins. Barbels - Sensory projections near the nostrils and mouth of some sharks, i.e. nurse sharks. They are whisker-like feelers used to taste and feel. Gills - Respiratory organs that fish use to absorb oxygen from the water in order to breathe. Snout - The tip of a shark’s head. Pup - A newly born or hatched shark. Claspers - Two finger like projections on the rear underside of male sharks. Ampullae of Lorenzini - Pores scattered about the head of sharks that are filled with a jellylike substance that can sense temperature change and weak electrical impulses given off by sick prey. Fusiform – A streamlined, oval shape body. -
Your Caesarean Birth and Recovery Contents
Government of Western Australia North Metropolitan Health Service Women and Newborn Health Service Your Caesarean birth and recovery Contents Caesarean surgery ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Urgent and elective Caesarean ������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Risks and complications �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Risk prevention and reduction �������������������������������������������������������������������������7 Pain management ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 Following Caesarean Surgery �������������������������������������������������������������� 12 Vaginal blood loss ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Emptying your bowel........................................................................................12 Eating and drinking ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 13 Physical recovery ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 Physical recovery goals ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 Emotional recovery ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 18 Caring for your baby ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Feeding your baby �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� -
Increasing Caesarean Section Delivery: a Threat to Urban Women’S Health?
Title: Increasing caesarean section delivery: A threat to urban women’s health? Authors: Sancheeta Ghosh* and K.S James† Introduction: A consistent increase has been observed in the rate of caesarean section deliveries in most of the developed countries and in many developing countries including India over the last few decades derivate a matter of concern among the social scientists. In recent years, especially in parts of world, it is often argued that with thriving private practice, obstetricians increasingly prefer for medicalised birth than normal birth. In addition, there is also some evidence from Western countries on increasing preference from women who want to deliver their child through the c-section. The rates of caesarean section in many countries have increased beyond the recommended level of 5-15 % by WHO, almost doubling in the last decade. In high income countries like Australia, US, Germany, Italy and France, the rates have gone phenomenally (Sufang et.al, 2007). The present data shows that in United States, 1.2 million or 29.1 percent of life births were by c-section delivery in the year 2004 (NIHS, 2006). Of the 12 Latin American countries reviewed recently Brazil had the highest rate of c-section (Behague et al. 2002). Similar trends have also been documented in low income countries such as Brazil, China and India, especially for births in private hospitals (Potter et al. 2001; Cai et al. 1998; Mishra and Ramanathan, 2002). In a developing * Research Associate at International Centre for Research on Women, New Delhi. † Professor and Head, Population Research Centre. Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), Bangalore Here the term caesarean delivery and c-section delivery are used interchangeably. -
Leapfrog Hospital Survey Hard Copy
Leapfrog Hospital Survey Hard Copy QUESTIONS & REPORTING PERIODS ENDNOTES MEASURE SPECIFICATIONS FAQS Table of Contents Welcome to the 2016 Leapfrog Hospital Survey........................................................................................... 6 Important Notes about the 2016 Survey ............................................................................................ 6 Overview of the 2016 Leapfrog Hospital Survey ................................................................................ 7 Pre-Submission Checklist .................................................................................................................. 9 Instructions for Submitting a Leapfrog Hospital Survey ................................................................... 10 Helpful Tips for Verifying Submission ......................................................................................... 11 Tips for updating or correcting a previously submitted Leapfrog Hospital Survey ...................... 11 Deadlines ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Deadlines for the 2016 Leapfrog Hospital Survey ...................................................................... 13 Deadlines Related to the Hospital Safety Score ......................................................................... 13 Technical Assistance....................................................................................................................... -
Glossary of Common MCH Terms and Acronyms
Glossary of Common MCH Terms and Acronyms General Terms and Definitions Term/Acronym Definition Accountable Care Organizations that coordinate and provide the full range of health care services for Organization individuals. The ACA provides incentives for providers who join together to form such ACO organizations and who agree to be accountable for the quality, cost, and overall care of their patients. Adolescence Stage of physical and psychological development that occurs between puberty and adulthood. The age range associated with adolescence includes the teen age years but sometimes includes ages younger than 13 or older than 19 years of age. Antepartum fetal Fetal death occurring before the initiation of labor. death Authorization An act of a legislative body that establishes government programs, defines the scope of programs, and sets a ceiling for how much can be spent on them. Birth defect A structural abnormality present at birth, irrespective of whether the defect is caused by a genetic factor or by prenatal events that are not genetic. Cost Sharing The amount an individual pays for health services above and beyond the cost of the insurance coverage premium. This includes co-pays, co-insurance, and deductibles. Crude birth rate Number of live births per 1000 population in a given year. Birth spacing The time interval from one child’s birth until the next child’s birth. It is generally recommended that at least a two-year interval between births is important for maternal and child health and survival. BMI Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body weight that takes into account height. -
Onychophorology, the Study of Velvet Worms
Uniciencia Vol. 35(1), pp. 210-230, January-June, 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-1.13 www.revistas.una.ac.cr/uniciencia E-ISSN: 2215-3470 [email protected] CC: BY-NC-ND Onychophorology, the study of velvet worms, historical trends, landmarks, and researchers from 1826 to 2020 (a literature review) Onicoforología, el estudio de los gusanos de terciopelo, tendencias históricas, hitos e investigadores de 1826 a 2020 (Revisión de la Literatura) Onicoforologia, o estudo dos vermes aveludados, tendências históricas, marcos e pesquisadores de 1826 a 2020 (Revisão da Literatura) Julián Monge-Nájera1 Received: Mar/25/2020 • Accepted: May/18/2020 • Published: Jan/31/2021 Abstract Velvet worms, also known as peripatus or onychophorans, are a phylum of evolutionary importance that has survived all mass extinctions since the Cambrian period. They capture prey with an adhesive net that is formed in a fraction of a second. The first naturalist to formally describe them was Lansdown Guilding (1797-1831), a British priest from the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent. His life is as little known as the history of the field he initiated, Onychophorology. This is the first general history of Onychophorology, which has been divided into half-century periods. The beginning, 1826-1879, was characterized by studies from former students of famous naturalists like Cuvier and von Baer. This generation included Milne-Edwards and Blanchard, and studies were done mostly in France, Britain, and Germany. In the 1880-1929 period, research was concentrated on anatomy, behavior, biogeography, and ecology; and it is in this period when Bouvier published his mammoth monograph. -
A B C Pregnancy Terms and Definitions
Pregnancy Terms and Definitions Obstetrics & Gynecology A After pains or afterbirth pains: Contractions of the uterus that occur after your baby is born, as the uterus returns to its normal size. This may cause cramping for a few days, especially if this is not your first baby or if you are nursing. Amniocentesis: the removal of a sample of amniotic fluid by means of a needle inserted through the mother’s abdominal wall; used for genetic and biochemical analysis of the baby. Amniotic fluid: the liquid surrounding and protecting the baby within the amniotic sac throughout pregnancy. Amniotic sac: the membrane within the uterus that contains the baby and the amniotic fluid. Analgesic: Medication that relieves or reduces pain. Anesthesia: Loss of feeling. There are three ways of doing this: general, local and epidural. Anesthesiologist: A doctor who specializes in the use of anesthesia. Anesthetist: A registered nurse who has special training in anesthesia. Apgar score rating: A system to evaluate the health of your baby immediately after birth. The score can be zero to 10, based on appearance and color, pulse, reflexes, activity and respiration. B Baby blues: A mild depression many women feel in the first few weeks after birth. Braxton-Hicks contractions: Mild, usually painless contractions that occur during the entire pregnancy, but are only felt from the 5th month on. Breech birth: Baby is born feet or buttocks first. C Cephalopelvic disproprition (CPD): Baby’s head is too large for the mother’s pelvic bones. Cervix: the neck of the uterus; Pap smears are taken from the cervix. -
Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Section
Vaginal Birth after Caesarean Section If you have had a caesarean birth, you may be thinking • how you felt about your previous birth experience. about how to give birth next time. Do you have any concerns? For many years it was assumed that once a woman had a • whether your current pregnancy has been caesarean section, all future babies would be delivered this way. straightforward or have there been any problems or However this is not always true. Whether you choose to have complications? a vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) or a planned caesarean section in a future pregnancy, either choice is usually Your obstetrician or midwife will respect your right to be involved safe but has different risks and benefits. in the decision-making regarding mode of birth, and consider your wishes, your perception of the risks and plans for future Each individual woman’s preferences and risk profiles will be pregnancies. Your decision should involve your family and be different. made early in your pregnancy, in consultation with your doctors and midwives, with a view to planning mode and place of birth. It is very important to discuss your birth options with your maternity An agreed plan should then be documented in your pregnancy care clinicians so that you are making an informed choice. In record. considering your options, your obstetrician or midwife will ask you about your medical history and your previous pregnancies. They If planning a VBAC, this should be conducted in a suitably will want to know about: staffed and equipped maternity unit, with trained staff and the appropriate equipment to monitor the mother and baby’s • the reason you had the caesarean delivery wellbeing continuously throughout the labour. -
Post-Partum Hysterectomy (Removal of the Uterus/Womb After Giving Birth)
Post-partum hysterectomy (removal of the uterus/womb after giving birth) This leaflet explains what happens when a woman needs a post-partum hysterectomy following complications during giving birth. It explains why and how it is done, and what to expect afterwards. If there is anything you do not understand or if you have any questions, please speak to your midwife or doctor. What is post-partum hysterectomy? This is an operation that involves removal of the uterus (womb). This is an uncommon situation in the UK, with around 1 in 1000 women having this procedure done shortly after childbirth in this hospital, as there is a range of treatments used before such surgery which can save both future fertility and the mother’s life. It may be performed in an emergency to save the life of a woman with persistent bleeding after childbirth. Less frequently, it can be a planned procedure, often at the same time as Caesarean birth. Why is it performed? The most common reason is severe bleeding from the uterus that cannot be controlled by other measures. There is a link to Caesarean birth, particularly if the placenta for the most recent baby is both low in the uterus (placenta praevia), and deeply adherent (placenta grows too deeply into the uterine wall, known as placenta percreta or increta), so not separating fully after the birth of the baby. A more common cause of heavy bleeding is ‘uterine atony’, which is the inability of a womb to contract after the birth, as well as large or multiple fibroids and blood clotting problems.