DOCSLIB.ORG

National Park Service Lands / Jurisdictions Annex to the Savannah Captain of the Port Zone Area Contingency Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Park Service Lands / Jurisdictions Annex to the Savannah Captain of the Port Zone Area Contingency Plan NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LANDS / JURISDICTIONS ANNEX TO THE SAVANNAH CAPTAIN OF THE PORT ZONE AREA CONTINGENCY PLAN Fort Pulaski National Monument Fort Frederica National Monument Cumberland Island National Seashore Revised: January 2011 1. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF ANNEX The purpose of this Annex is to provide an operational guide to federal/state/local responders when an oil discharge or release of hazardous substances impacts or threatens to impact resources owned or managed by the National Park Service (NPS). On the Georgia shoreline, these resources include Fort Pulaski National Monument, Fort Frederica National Monument, and Cumberland Island National Seashore lands, coastal habitats, wilderness areas, the cultural resources, the wildlife communities, and the public use areas therein. This Annex is intended to supplement the U.S. Coast Guard Area Contingency Plan (ACP) for the Georgia/Southern South Carolina Coastal Sector as a zone-specific Annex. It is not intended to duplicate or supersede anything in the Georgia/South SC Coastal ACP. The NPS recognizes and employs the Incident Command System as the incident management framework for emergency response. This Annex is crafted to support planning, logistics and operations of ICS during a spill response and to integrate the NPS with other agencies, governments and/or organizations. In addition, the NPS has relevant expertise and qualified personnel to assist the Federal On-Scene Coordinator in responding to spills impacting NPS jurisdiction. These capabilities include general biological, natural, and cultural resource managers available to evaluate, measure, monitor, and contain threats to park system lands and resources and to provide technical assistance; archeological and historical expertise in protection, preservation, evaluation, impact mitigation, and restoration of cultural resources; law enforcement and emergency personnel. NPS Managers are responsible for preserving and protecting public lands and, in some instances, surrounding waters and submerged lands. This Annex provides guidance and conditions for oil discharge / hazardous substance release prevention and emergency countermeasure response actions on and around the shorelines, beaches, wetlands, and islands owned and managed by the NPS that comprise the three above stated units. This Annex contains: • Each park unit’s most vulnerable intertidal resources, priority listed and mapped1 • Priority Area Summary forms for those most sensitive resource areas, including geographic location information and protection strategy recommendations • Emergency contacts for each park unit and lists of trained emergency response staff • Lists of available park facilities/equipment/staging areas for emergency operations 1 Priority Protection Maps located on pgs. 22-23 (Fort Pulaski), 32 (Fort Frederica) and 45-48 (Cumberland Island) NPS Annex to the Savannah COTTP Zone ACP 2. DESCRIPTION OF PARK UNITS A. Overview Map Figure 1 shows the state of Georgia and the location of these three NPS Units on the Georgia coastline. Figure 1. Location map for the three NPS Units in coastal Georgia. A. Fort Pulaski National Monument Fort Pulaski (FOPU) lands are located approximately 15 miles east of Savannah, Georgia at the mouth of the Savannah River, the location of the U.S.’s fourth largest container port. Oil and hazardous material releases have occurred in the vicinity of Fort Pulaski several times in the past five years. Port traffic, river currents, and tidal flows in and around the mouth of the Savannah River and the nearby creek mouths are such that Fort Pulaski’s sensitive marshlands and archeological sites have been put at risk of contamination by oil discharge or hazardous substance release to water. Fort Pulaski’s boundaries include 5,000 acres of pristine tidal marshland and 500 acres of upland communities, home to six federally or state listed threatened and endangered species, public oyster beds, federally registered historic structures, and recreational hiking and biking trails. The monument lands cover 595.5 acres on Cockspur Island, in the middle of the river between its north and south channels, and 5,027.6 acres on McQueens Island, bordering the river to the south. (See Figure 2 below) Cockspur Island houses historic structures and sensitive wetland habitat. McQueens Island is primarily a marshland, with only 5% of its total area in upland associated with U.S. Highway 80 and the abandoned Central of Georgia Railroad grade. It provides the public with hiking/biking trails and access to oyster beds, and is an important habitat for bivalves and shorebirds. Page 2 of 57 NPS Annex to the Savannah COTTP Zone ACP Figure 2. Fort Pulaski National Monument lands include McQueens Island and eastern Cockspur Island. B. Fort Frederica National Monument Fort Frederica (FOFR) lands lay on the inland side of St. Simons Island on the Frederica River. (See Figure 3 below) The border of the monument is located 13 miles northeast of the Brunswick shipping port, with predominantly agri-bulk and automobile transport cargo ship traffic. Pleasure craft are present in waters surrounding Fort Frederica, but boats passing down the Frederica River are limited to small craft due to shallow waters. Fort Frederica is an archeological site with sensitive cultural resources above and below water in addition to100 acres of marshland to the west of the main fort site, across the Frederica River. The marsh is important habitat for shorebirds. The endangered West Indian manatee is also present in Frederica River. Because the fort, river and marshlands exist in the intertidal zone, Fort Frederica lands are at risk of contamination by oil discharge or hazardous substances release to water. Page 3 of 57 NPS Annex to the Savannah COTTP Zone ACP Figure 3. Overview map of Fort Frederica, situated on St. Simons Island C. Cumberland Island National Seashore Cumberland Island (CUIS) is located on the southern Georgia coast near the border with Florida. The barrier island is approximately 35 miles north of Jacksonville and the site of a significant Jacksonville shipping port whose large vessel “leading cargoes include containerized and roll-on/roll- off general cargo, automobiles, breakbulk cargoes, and dry and liquid bulk products, including petroleum and phosphate.”2 The northern tip of Cumberland Island is 12 miles south of the port of Brunswick, with agri-bulk and automobile transport freighter traffic as stated above. Just to the south of the island is the smaller port of Fernandina, which traffics mostly smaller vessels such as shrimp and pleasure boats. The Intracoastal Waterway passes nearby, hosting some commercial barge traffic. With extensive intertidal habitat and proximity to several shipping channels, the Cumberland Island National Seashore is at risk of damage by oil discharge or hazardous substances release to water. Cumberland Island is a long barrier island stretching 17.5 miles and totaling 36,415 acres of which 16,850 are marsh, mud flats, and tidal creeks. (See Figure 4 below) The northern section of Cumberland Island includes a federally designated wilderness area that is mostly uplands with some bordering marsh and dune lands, covering a total of 8,840 acres. The island provides important habitat for federally listed species - loggerhead sea turtles, wood stork, and piping plovers. The island is an important stopover point for migrating birds on the transatlantic migratory flyway. Federally listed West Indian manatees and Northern right whales are present in surrounding waters. Historic and pre-historic cultural resources are also present along Cumberland Island’s intertidal zone. 2 Shipping digest Port Information page. http://www.shippingdigest.com/portinformation/portinformation.asp Page 4 of 57 NPS Annex to the Savannah COTTP Zone ACP Figure 4. Overview map of Cumberland Island National Seashore barrier island. Page 5 of 57 NPS Annex to the Savannah COTTP Zone ACP 3. LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES Management of the national park system is directed and guided by specific laws, regulations, and policies that will impact or control emergency spill response actions taken within any specific national park system unit. A. General Authorities i. National Park Service Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 1 et seq.). Establishes the National Park Service within the Department of the Interior and directs the NPS to “… promote and regulate the use of the Federal areas known as national parks, monuments, and reservations hereinafter specified… to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.” ii. General Authorities Act of 1970 (16 U.S.C. 1a-1 and 1a-8). Combines all areas administered by the NPS in one National Park System and amends the Organic Act to specify that the National Park System shall include any area of land and water now or hereafter administered by the Secretary of the Interior through the NPS for park, monument, historic, parkway, recreational, or other purpose. iii. The National Park Resources Protection Act of 1996 (16 USC 19jj). Any person who causes the loss of, or injures a park system resource is liable to the United States for response costs and damages. iv. Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577) Section 4(c). States that “…within any wilderness area designated by this Act and, except as necessary to meet minimum requirements for the administration
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 6
    NFS Form 10-900 OMBNo. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in "Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms" (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each itsvn-frv rr|rirlr ng """ in *hn '|| '"I"' ' '""V or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, en For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instr continuation sheets (Form 10- 900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property historic name Greyfield t/^ other names/site number Greyfield Inn 2. Location street & number city, town Cumberland Island (N/A) vicinity of county Camden code GA 039 state Georgia code GA zip code 31558 (N/A) not for publication 3. Classification Ownership of Property: Category of Property: (X) private ( ) building(s) ( ) public-local (X) district ( ) public-state ( ) site ( ) public-federal ( ) structure ( ) object Number of Resources within Property: Contributing Noncontributinq buildings 6 7 sites 0 0 structures 4 2 objects 0 0 total 10 9 Contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: 1 Name of previous listing: The Main Road on Cumberland Island, including the part through the Greyfield property, was listed in the National Register on February 13, 1984 as part of the "Cumberland Island National Seashore Multiple Resource Area" nomination. Name of related multiple property listing: Cumberland Island National Seashore Multiple Resource Area 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • Lands Legacy Tour, Cumberland Island National
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Cumberland Island National Seashore Lands and Legacies Tour Survey Fall 2012 Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/EQD/NRR—2013/695 ON THE COVER Lands and Legacies Tour Photographs courtesy of Cumberland Island National Seashore Cumberland Island National Seashore Lands and Legacies Tour Survey Fall 2012 Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/EQD/NRR—2013/695 Lena Le Park Studies Unit Visitor Services Project College of Natural Resources University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1139 Moscow, ID 83844-1139 July 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado Cumberland Island National Seashore – VSP Lands and Legacies Tour Survey 5008.2 09/25 to 11/14, 2012 The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer- reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Size Cumberland Island Trail
    The Georgia Conservancy Y O The Georgia Conservancy’s C U N R 230 Peachtree St. NE, Suite 1250 A P V A “Cumberland Island has the greatest abundance of riches that I’ve ever S R T Atlanta, GA 30303 E S I S N Y encountered. These riches are both immediate and subtle, from the sights O O C U R A I Georgia Conservancy Coastal Office P G R R and smells of the marshlands, forests, ocean and ruins to the sounds E O S E E G N Cumberland Island T 428 Bull Street, Suite 210 that call to you once on the island. These sounds represent the voices of Savannah, GA 31401 both natural and cultural riches found on the island. I look forward to hearing those welcoming voices, calling me back, time and time again.” The Georgia Conservancy is a statewide, Become a member of the National Seashore member-supported conservation organization. Georgia Conservancy today: Our Mission: To protect and conserve georgiaconservancy.org – Suzanne Lewis, former superintendent of Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks Georgia’s natural resources through advocacy, Trail Map engagement and collaboration. #thisismyga The Trails 30°50'0” N 81°27'0” W Ashley Pond Trail Dungeness Trail Nightingale Trail Pratts Trail South End Trail Willow Pond Trail Distance - 1.8 mi. Distance - 1.5 mi. Distance - 0.8 mi. Distance - 1.1 mi. Distance - 1.7 mi. Distance - 2.1 mi. Ashley Pond Trail runs from the Main Road to the north Dungeness Trail, a mix of road, boardwalk and path, is one of Nightingale Trail is an excellent avenue to step off the Main Pratts Trail is a 1.1 mile long trail running from the Main South End Trail is a beautiful trail located on the Willow Pond is one of the most comprehensive trails on end of Table Point Trail.
    [Show full text]
  • Wilderness, Wildness, and Visitor Access to Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia
    WILDERNESS, WILDNESS, AND VISITOR ACCESS TO CUMBERLAND ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE, GEORGIA Ryan L. Sharp a feeling of isolation and wonder. These ideals, set Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources against the backdrop of the National Park Service’s University of Georgia (NPS) mission of protecting the natural character of Athens, GA 30602 the park while accommodating the recreation needs of sharpr@warnell.uga.edu visitors, cause some conflicts of interest (NPS 2007). The island has been inhabited for approximately 4,000 Craig A. Miller years and had been home to wealthy industrialists Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, since the late 9th century. Human impacts on the University of Georgia island are obvious, but Cumberland has recovered from years of grazing and farming to such an extent that almost half of the island is now a federally Abstract .—Cumberland Island National Seashore designated “wilderness.” Imposing a low limit on daily (CUIS), located off the coast of Georgia, was visitors to CUIS over the past 30 years (a maximum of created in 972 to preserve the island’s ecosystem 300 people per day) has helped the island recover even and primitive character. CUIS management staff further, resulting in a mostly pristine environment. has recently been charged with developing a Transportation Management Plan (TMP) to provide Although Cumberland Island has remained relatively better access to the northern portion of the island, unchanged throughout the tenure of the NPS, CUIS where several sites of historical significance are now faces some significant changes. The original located. This assignment has created a conflict “wilderness” designation meant that a portion of the between providing transportation and preserving the main road that runs the length of the island is off-limits island’s naturalness.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Back-Barrier Erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013
    Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Back-Barrier Erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013 Scientific Investigations Report 2016 – 5071 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Back-barrier erosion as seen from Brickhill Bluff, Cumberland Island National Seashore. Photograph by Alan M. Cressler, U.S. Geological Survey. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Back-Barrier Erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013 By Daniel L. Calhoun and Jeffrey W. Riley Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Scientific Investigations Report 2016 – 5071 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://store.usgs.gov/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Calhoun, D.L., and Riley, J.W., 2016, Spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes to Pages 2–16
    Abbreviations and Short Citations CINS Cumberland Island National Seashore, St. Marys, Ga. CPSU Cooperative Park Studies Unit DSC Denver Service Center of the National Park Service, Denver Ga. Archives Georgia Archives, Atlanta NA National Archives, College Park, Md. NPS National Park Service SERO Southeast Regional Office of the National Park Service, Atlanta Thornton Morris Papers Thornton Morris Papers, Morris Law Firm, Atlanta UGa University of Georgia, Athens Introduction 1. The concept of “biography of place” is a useful means by which historical geographers focus on place as a complex entity formed by diverse processes that dynamically changes through time. An early example of this term’s use can be found in Marwyn S. Samuels, 1979, “The Biography of Landscape,” in Ordinary Places, ed. Donald W. Meinig (New York: Oxford Univ. Press), 51–88. Later works include William Wyckoff, 1988, The Developer’s Frontier: The Making of the West- ern New York Landscape (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press), and Gay M. Gomez, 1998, A Wetland Biography: Seasons on Louisiana’s Chenier Plain (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press). 2. A voluminous literature exists on the national park system and its man- agement. Classic overviews include Ronald A. Foresta, 1984, America’s National Parks and Their Keepers (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future); Alfred Runte, 1987, National Parks: The American Experience, 2d ed. (Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press); Richard West Sellars, 1997, Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press); and Conrad L. Wirth, 1980, Parks, Politics, and People (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press). More specific works on managing preexisting land uses, private holdings, and park threats include John C.
    [Show full text]
  • Hclassification
    Form No. 10-306 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM m is FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS [NAME CUMBERLAND ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE MUIiTIPLE RESOURCE AREA (COMPLETE INVENTORY: HISTORIC PROPERTIES, PARTIAL INVENTORY: HISTORIC ARCHE&EOGICAL SITES) AND/OR COMMON STREET & NUMBER AS DEFINED BY CONGRESS —NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT CUMBERLAND ISLAND _X . VICINITY OF ST. MARYS STATE CODE COUNTY CODE GP.ORGIA 13 CAMDEN ° 39 HCLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT XPUBLIC .^OCCUPIED _ AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM _ BUILDING(S) ^PRIVATE -XUNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL _?PARK _ STRUCTURE —BOTH -XWORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL J&PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT _JN PROCESS -XYES. RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC _ BEING CONSIDERED — YES: UNRESTRICTED _ INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION MULTIPLE RESOURCE NOMINATION _NO _ MILITARY —OTHER: AGENCY REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (If applicable) -SERVICE-, STRETT& NUMBER 75 SPRING STREET, S.W. CITY. TOWN STATE ATLANTA VICINITY OF GEORGIA 30303 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC. CAMDEN COUNTY COURTHOUSE STREET & NUMBER CITY. TOWN STATE WOODBINE GEORGIA REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY (DUNGENESS ONLY) DATE 1958 XFEDERAL _STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CITY. TOWN STATE WASHINGTON D.C. DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE *L.E4BBRNl» ' HH|» ^DETERIORATED ^.UNALTERED ^ORIGINAL SITE ?LGOOD BRUINS FALTERED MOVED DATF ?LFAIR ^LUNEXPOSED DESCRIBETHE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Cumberland Island National Seashore Multiple Resource Area includes all of the property on Cumberland Island owned by the National Park Service (see map).
    [Show full text]
  • CMS Opinion Template
    [PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FILED U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________ JUNE 28, 2004 THOMAS K. KAHN No. 03-15346 CLERK ________________________ D. C. Docket No. 02-00093-CV-AAA-2 WILDERNESS WATCH AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY, Plaintiffs-Appellants, versus FRAN P. MAINELLA, Director, National Park Service, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, ARTHUR FREDERICK, Superintendent, Cumberland Island National Seashore, GREYFIELD INN CORP., Defendants-Appellees. ________________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia _________________________ (JUNE 28, 2004) Before BARKETT and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges, and FORRESTER*, District Judge. *Honorable J. Owen Forrester, United States Senior District Judge for the Northern District of Georgia, sitting by designation. BARKETT, Circuit Judge: Wilderness Watch appeals the grant of summary judgment to the National Park Service on its complaint seeking to enjoin the Park Service’s practice of using motor vehicles to transport visitors across the designated wilderness area on Cumberland Island, Georgia. Wilderness Watch asserts that this practice violates the Wilderness Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1131-36, and also that the Park Service made the decision to transport tourists without conducting the investigation and analysis of potential environmental impact required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 4331-35. Finally, Wilderness Watch claims that the Park Service established an advisory committee without the public notice and participation required by the Federal Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. App. 2, rendering the agreement signed following those meetings invalid and unenforceable.1 We review de novo a grant of summary judgment, applying the same legal standards used by the district court.
    [Show full text]
  • Building a Preservation Ethic
    GEORGIA’S STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN 2007–2011: BUILDING A PRESERVATION ETHIC Historic Preservation Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 2007 georgia’s state historic preservation plan 2007–2011: building a preservation ethic Historic Preservation Division Georgia Department of Natural Resources 2007 34 Peachtree Street, Suite 1600, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, 404/656-2840 on the cover: Clockwise from top left: Architectural reviewer Bill Hover pro- vides on-site assistance to Dudley’s mayor, R. Delano Butler; Girl Scouts participate in History Day activities at the Atlanta History Center; HPD staff at gazebo, Hardman Farm; Historic Preservation Commission members tour Plum Orchard, Cumberland Island; 2006 GAAHPN Annual Conference participants tour African American sites at St. Simons; Fernbank Museum staff, HPD staff and volunteers work at early 1600s Spanish Contact Period site near the Ocmulgee River in Telfair County. (Photos by Jim Lockhart and HPD staff, except bottom right, courtesy of St. Marys Downtown Development Authority) CREDITS Principal Editor Historic Preservation Planning Team Karen Anderson-Córdova Karen Anderson-Córdova Richard Cloues Editorial Board Mary Ann Eaddy Mary Ann Eaddy Dave Crass Carole Moore Ray Luce Dean Baker Jane Cassady Dean Baker Principal Authors Jeanne Cyriaque Karen Anderson-Córdova Helen Talley-McRae Richard Cloues Steven Moffson Dave Crass Carole Moore Christine Neal With Contributions from Joseph Charles Mary Ann Eaddy Dean Baker Helen Talley-McRae Melina Vásquez Layout and Design
    [Show full text]
  • @ Cumberland Island National Seashore
    @ Cumberland Island National Seashore A History of Conservation Conflict Lary M. Dilsaver University of Virginia Press Charlottesville & London © 2004 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper First published 2004 987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dilsaver, Lary M. Cumberland Island National Seashore : a history of conser- vation conflict / Lary M. Dilsaver. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. isbn 0-8139-2268-2 (alk. paper) 1. Cumberland Island National Seashore (Ga.)—History. 2. Cumberland Island National Seashore (Ga.)—Manage- ment. 3. Conservation of natural resources—Georgia— Cumberland Island National Seashore. 4. Cumberland Island National Seashore (Ga.)—Environmental conditions. 5. Environmental protection—Georgia—Cumberland Island National Seashore. I. Title. f292.c94 d55 2004 975.8'746—dc22 2003019677 This book is published in association with the Center for American Places, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Staunton, Virginia (www.americanplaces.org). List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1A Richness of Resources: Cumberland Island to 1880 8 2 The Era of Rich Estates, 1881–1965 36 3 Creating Cumberland Island National Seashore 76 4 Land Acquisition and Retained Rights 111 5 Planning and Operating in the 1970s 137 6Resource Management in the 1970s 165 7Contested Paradise: The 1980s and Early 1990s 195 8Hope for the New Century 239 Conclusion 260 National Park Service Officials 267 Cumberland Island National Seashore Operating Base Budgets 269 Notes 271 Index 309 Figures Figure credits: Figs. .1, 1.3, 2.1-2, 2.8, 3.1-3, 5.3, 6.2, and 8.2 are from the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Whose Sacred Place? Planning Conflict at Cumberland Island National Seashore
    202 Whose Sacred Place? Planning Conflict at Cumberland Island National Seashore Lary Dilsaver he American national park system consists of legally defined re- serves managed within a web of laws and policies. The parks also T are cultural constructs, sites where valued places and resources are preserved for future generations. As such, they have always been open to interpretation and to a division of public opinion about what is worthy of protection, what activities should occur in such “sacred places,” and who should make decisions regarding their future. Public idealism, National Park Service tradition, and threats from surrounding land uses make the parks contested landscapes where a democratic population imprints its beliefs on the land. Historical geographers are part of a growing cadre of scholars who study the meaning and management of the national park system. Ronald Foresta has provided a trenchant analysis of the National Park Service and its management policies in National Parks and Their Keepers.1 Lary Dilsaver has studied management of overcrowding, Dilsaver and William Tweed have studied National Park Service relations with concessionaires, and Dilsaver and William Wyckoff have examined the process of overdevelop- ment. Stanford Demars focused on Yosemite National Park to demon- strate the effects of such crowding. Michael Yochim has written on at- tempts to build dams and the historical geography of snowmobiles in Yellowstone National Park. Michael Conzen and Edward Muller have stud- ied the complexities of national heritage areas at the Illinois and Michigan Canal and Rivers of Steel sites respectively.2 The meaning of national parks also has been a popular subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Hearing Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
    S. HRG. 108–278 KATE MULLANY SITE; AMEND THE ANILCA; CONNECTICUT RIVER WATERSHED; AND CUM- BERLAND ISLAND WILDERNESS HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1241 S. 1433 S. 1364 S. 1462 OCTOBER 30, 2003 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 91–435 PDF WASHINGTON : 2003 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:54 Jan 27, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 J:\DOCS\91-435 SENERGY3 PsN: SENE3 COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico, Chairman DON NICKLES, Oklahoma JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico LARRY E. CRAIG, Idaho DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming BOB GRAHAM, Florida LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee RON WYDEN, Oregon LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota JAMES M. TALENT, Missouri MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana CONRAD BURNS, Montana EVAN BAYH, Indiana GORDON SMITH, Oregon DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California JIM BUNNING, Kentucky CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York JON KYL, Arizona MARIA CANTWELL, Washington ALEX FLINT, Staff Director JUDITH K. PENSABENE, Chief Counsel ROBERT M. SIMON, Democratic Staff Director SAM E. FOWLER, Democratic Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming, Chairman DON NICKLES, Oklahoma, Vice Chairman BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado DANIEL K.
    [Show full text]