YEARBOOK OF BALKAN AND BALTIC STUDIES VOLUME 2 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BALKAN AND BALTIC STUDIES YEARBOOK OF BALKAN AND BALTIC STUDIES VOLUME 2 edited by EKATERINA ANASTASOVA MARE KÕIVA ŽilVYTIS ŠaknYS ELM SCHOLARLY PRESS VILNIUS-TARtu-SoFIA 2019 Editors: Ekaterina Anastasova, PhD, Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, Bulgaria Mare Kõiva, PhD, Estonian Literary Museum Žilvytis Šaknys, PhD, Lithuanian Institute of History Inese Runce, PhD, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia News and reviews: Liisa Vesik Language editor: Nemertes OÜ (this issue) Cover: Lina Gergova Layout: Diana Kahre Editorial board: Nevena Škrbić Alempijević (Croatia), Jurji Fikfak (Slovenia), Evangelos Karamanes (Greece), Zoja Karanović (Serbia) Solveiga Krumina-Konkova (Latvia), Andres Kuperjanov (Estonia), ThedeK ahl (Germany), Tatiana Minniyakhmetova (Austria), Alexander Novik (Russia), Rasa Paukštytė- Šaknienė (Lithuania), Irina Sedakova (Russia), Irina Stahl (Romania), Svetoslava Toncheva (Bulgaria), Piret Voolaid (Estonia) Supported by Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian Academies of Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Estonian Studies; Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, Estonian Literary Museum, Lithuanian Institute of History, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia © 2019 by the authors © International Society of Balkan and Baltic Studies © Estonian Literary Museum ISSN 2613-7844 (printed) ISSN 2613-7852 (pdf) DOI 10.7592/YBBS2 www.folklore.ee/balkan_baltic_yearbook Contents Introduction 7 I Rituals, Feasts and Practices The Early 20th Century Lithuanian Press on the Winter-Spring Carnival around the World Lina Petrošienė 11 Calendar Festivals as a Form of Transnationalism and Cultural Strategy in the Mixed Finnish-Lithuanian and Greek-Lithuanian Families Akvilė Motuzaitė 25 Sudden Death Memorials in Bucharest: Distribution in Time and Space Irina Stahl, Barry L. Jackson 37 Family Celebrations in Lithuania and Bulgaria: Ethnic, Confessional and Cultural Traits Rasa Paukštytė-Šaknienė 57 Toys and Expression of Ethnic Identity in Soviet Lithuania. Ethnographic Dolls and Figurines Nijolė Pliuraitė Andrejevienė 71 Topicality of Traditional Skills in Contemporary Cultural Environment Anete Karlsone 87 II Ethnicity and Its Manifestations: Identities Historical Memory of Tatars in Bulgaria and in Lithuania – Comparative Aspects Veneta Yankova 103 Everyday Meals Etiquette in Food Culture of Urban Tatars-Muslims Nadezhda Rychkova 119 The Question of Preservation of National Traditions: Culinary Heritage of Lithuanian Tatars Galina Miškinienė 131 Advertising Activity of Halal Restaurant Business: The Example of Kazan Sergey Rychkov 141 The Narrative Constitution of Identity: The Case of Pastoral and Mine Workers’ Communities from the Region of Valea Jiului, Romania 155 Ana Pascu III Discussion “India” in Baltic Cultural Space: Dimensions, Perceptions, Imaginations Svetlana Ryzhakova 171 IV News and Reviews International Conference Balkan and Baltic States in United Europe: History, Religion, and Culture III Audronė Daraškevičienė 191 Introduction The second issue of The Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies is dedicated to ritual and festive culture (Rituals, Feasts, and Practices). It is one of the most dynamic fields of modern culture. On the other hand, it tends to be the most conservative and nationally (ethnically) coloured one. Both calendar and family ritualism are the main subject of these papers. Lina Petrošienė covers the issues of carnival ritualism presented in Lithuanian mass media in the 1920s. Calendar feasts in mixed (both in ethnic and religious terms) families are discussed by Akvilė Motuzaitė, who sees them as a manifestation of transnationalism on the one hand and an important cultural strategy on the other. Irina Stahl and Barry L. Jackson consider the memorials erected in memoriam of the people who died unexpectedly, and their role and function within the city space (Bucharest, Romania). Rasa Paukštytė-Šaknienė discusses family feasts in Lithuania and Bulgaria, paying special attention to the cultural, ethnic, and religious features of both traditions. The last two articles in this chapter deal with the traditional skills and practices of the material culture (Nijolė Pliuraitė Andrejevienė, Anete Karlsone). This topic is becoming increasingly sensitive in the context of cultural (material and intangible) heritage, ethnic specifications, and national identity. The second part in the volume is dedicated to ethnicity and its manifestations in the context of modern identification processes (Ethnicity and Its Manifestations: Identities). Numerous ethnic markers that form ethnic boundaries (cf. Fredrik Barth) continue to develop, acquiring new attractive shapes, going along with the new times, tastes, needs, and, of course, market demands. The problems pertaining to the historical memory of the communities of the Tatars in different historical and cultural environments are described in Veneta Yankova’s article. The articles by Nadezhda Rychkova, Galina Miškinienė, and Sergey Rychkov discuss food, etiquette, and ethnic cuisine in the context of cultural heritage, ethnic and religious culture as a manifestation and commercialisation of food as ethnic and national heritage. The last article in this edition is by Ana Pascu, and it is dedicated to the classical narrative structures of identity of two communities dealing with different types of households, i.e., shepherding and ore mining, in one of the areas of Romania. The article by SvetlanaR yzhakova is dedicated to the interesting and topical issue of the interpretation and adaptation of exotic cultures in Europe, using the reception and perceptions related to the mystical India in the Baltic States as an example. Thus the present edition of The Yearbook ofB alkan and Baltic Studies is a collection of diverse studies carried out by both young and well-established scientists, who study the areas of the Balkans, the Baltic States, and, on a wider scale, Europe and Russia. This collection of different topics, methodologies, and approaches represents the current state and urgent issues of European science. We hope that this edition will be interesting and useful for a wider audience. The articles are based on the presentations of the third conference onB alkan and Baltic Studies in Vilnius in 2017, which was organised by the Institute of History and the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. There were some new partici- pants from Russia, Romania, Croatia, and other countries, who, alongside the traditional partners from Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, managed to define some new areas of emphasis, topics, and approaches. We are very grateful to all authors, and our special thanks go to Diana Kahre, Tiina Mällo, and Nemertis OÜ for their help and time. Ekaterina Anastasova, Mare Kõiva, and Žilvytis Šaknys I Rituals, Feasts and Practices https://doi.org/10.7592/YBBS2.01 THE EARLY 20th CENTURY LITHUANIAN PRESS ON THE WINTER-SPRING CARNIVAL AROUND THE WORLD Lina Petrošienė Department of Baltic Philology, Klaipėda University, Lithuania e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The article shows what information the press between 1905 and 1940 provided Lithuanian readers about Shrovetide celebratory traditions around the world. The information collected, consisting of seven articles, thirty photographs and drawings, is fragmentary but fairly informative, providing a good and concise understanding of this cultural phenomenon in a popular manner. By surveying and interpreting the available data, it tries to answer several questions: what significance these publications might have had on Shrovetide celebratory traditions and methods of celebration in the early 20th-century Lithuania; how this information correlates with current academic research and known empirical data; what Lithuanian Shrovetide had in common with the winter-spring carnival celebrated around the world. Keywords: customs and traditions, periodical press, Shrovetide in Lithuania, winter-spring seasonal carnival Lina Petrošienė In the early 20th century the Republic of Lithuania became an independent state and re-appeared on the map of Europe and in the community of free societies. TheL ithuanian press of the time promoted the clear goal of fully and proudly integrating in the political, economic and cultural context of Europe and the world as quickly as possible. Beyond informing readers of events in Lithuania and the world, the press sought to forge and inculcate a new national conscious- ness, social morality, fashion, traditions and habits. Urban Shrovetide (Užgavėnės in Lithuanian) carnivals, balls and masquer- ades and rural-style costumed Shrovetide processions were among the press’s favourite topics and among the most exploited, in different ways, of calendrical holidays, right up until World War II. Over time this channel of information became quite significant and in some cases the sole source of information about this subject for academic studies and the reconstruction of tradition. This was discussed in articles by this author in 2013 and 2015 (Petrošienė 2013: 14–21; Laurinavičiūtė-Petrošienė 2015: 150–163). Other authors researching calen- drical holidays including Lithuanian Shrovetide, Dalia Senvaitytė (Senvaitytė 2013: 115–117; 2013a: 267–285) and Eglė Aleknaitė (Aleknaitė 2011: 25–32), also made use of this source in a similar