Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals Christine M

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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-78117-6 - Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals Christine M. Janis, Gregg F. Gunnell and Mark D. Uhen Index More information

Index

Numbers in boldface refer to ﬁgures and tables.

Aaptoryctes, 53, 66, 67, 68, 76 Acritoparamys francesi, 318, 323 Aepycamelus, 663 Aaptoryctes ivyi, 64,68 Acritoparamys pettersoni, 318 Aepycamelus girafﬁnus, 663 Abelmoschomys, 285, 460, 471, 475 Acritoparamys wyomingensis, 318 Aepycamelus major, 663 Abelmoschomys simpsoni, 471 Acrodelphidae, 580 Aepyprymnus,32 Abrocomidae, 271 Acrodelphis, 571 Aetholmylos, 57, 116, 118 Absarokius, 149, 243, 241, 245, 247, 254, 255 Acrodelphis bakersﬁeldensis, 571 Aethomylos simplicidens, 116, 117 Absarokius abbotti, 245 Acrophoca, 512 Aetiocetidae, 510, 516, 516, 607, 609, 610, 623 Absarokius gazini, 245 Aculeodens, 107 Aetiocetus, 510, 516, 609, 610, 623 Absarokius metoecus, 245 Adapiformes, 244, 257 Aetiocetus cotylaveus, 610 Absarokius witteri, 247 Adapis, 208, 240 Aetiocetus weltoni, 611 Acarechimys, 328 Adapisoriculidae, 107, 189 Afrosoricoidea, 52 Acarictis, 646 Adeloblarina, 59, 93, 116, 119 Afrotheria, 49, 52, 52, 130, 151, 267 Acarictis ryani, 646 Adeloblarina berklandi, 116 Agabelus, 515, 594, 598 Aceratheriinae, 682, 683, 685 Adilophontes, 654 Agabelus porcatus, 594 Acerathevijne indet., large, 683, 684, 686 Adilophontes Grackykolos, 654 Ageitodendron, 169, 243, 253, 251, 256 Aceratherium, 683, 684, 685, 686 Adjidaumo, 278, 279, 282, 416, 417, 417, 419, Ageitodendron matthewi, 249, 251 Aceratherium persistens, 683, 684, 685, 686 420, 424, 425 Aglaocetus, 516, 613, 623 Achaenodon, 658 Adjidaumo burkei, 419 Aglaocetus moreni, 613 Achaenodon fremdi, 658 Adjidaumo craigi, 419 Aglaocetus patulus, 614 Achaenodon robustus, 658 Adjidaumo douglassi, 421 Agnotocastor, 278, 281, 281, 392, 393, 393, Acheronictis, 652 Adjidaumo hansonorum, 420 394, 401, 402 Acheronictis webbi, 652 Adjidaumo intermedius, 419 Agnotocastor coloradensis, 395 Acheronodon, 13, 24, 29, 33 Adjidaumo maximus, 419 Agnotocastor galushai, 395 Acheronodon garbanii,29 Adjidaumo minimus, 419 Agnotocastor praetereadens, 394, Acheronodon vossae,29 Adjidaumo minutus, 419 395 Achlyoscapter, 58, 60, 93, 104, 120 Adjidaumo quartzi, 421 Agnotocastor readingi, 395 Achlyoscapter longirostris, 104 Adjidaumo stewarti, 418 Agnotocastorinae, 393, 394 Acidomomys, 116, 220, 230 Adunator, 54, 55, 92, 94, 97, 98 Agorophiidae, 515, 567, 568, 570, 597 Acidomomys hebeticus, 220 Adunator fredricki,97 Agorophius, 510, 515, 568, 570, 597 Aclistomycterinae, 660 Adunator ladae,97 Agorophius pygmaeus, 568, 570 Acmeodon, 53, 67, 70, 76 Adunator lehmani,97 Agouti, 264 Acmeodon hyoni,70 Adunator martinezi,97 Agouti paca, 264 Acmeodon secans,70 Adunator minutus,98 Agoutidae, 271 Acritohippus, 673, 675, 678 Aelurodon, 647, 648, 649, 651 Agriochoeridae, 661 Acritohippus isonesus, 673 Aelurodon aesthenostylus, 651 Agriochoerus, 659, 661 Acritohippus quinni, 673 Aelurodon ferox, 651 Agriochoerus antiquus, 661 Acritohippus stylodontus, 673 Aelurodon mcgrewi, 651 Agriochoerus matthewi, 661 Acritohippus tertius, 673 Aelurodon montanensis, 647, 651 Agriochoerus pumilus, 661 Acritoparamys, 277, 277, 314, 315, 318, 322 Aelurodon stirtoni, 651 Agriotherium, 653 Acritoparamys atavus, 313, 318, Aelurodon taxoides, 651 Agriotherium schneideri, 653 321 Aelurodontina, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651 Aguafriamys, 279, 417, 423, 424 Acritoparamys atwateri, 318 Aepinacodon, 659 Aguafriamys raineyi, 423

761

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-78117-6 - Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals Christine M. Janis, Gregg F. Gunnell and Mark D. Uhen Index More information

Index 762

Ailuravinae, 277, 320, 322, 323 Alocodon, 131, 138, 141, 143, 673 Amynodon, 681 Ailurus, 511 Alocodontulum, 138, 141, 144 Amynodon advenus, 681 Aivukus, 512, 535 Alocodontulum atopum, 141 Amynodon reedi, 681 Aivukus cedrosensis, 512, 535, 537 Alphadelphia, 11, 12,40 Amynodontopsis, 681 Akmaiomys, 283, 430, 433, 447 Alphadontrnae, 11, 41 Amynodontopsis bodei, 681 Akmaiomys incohatus, 433 Alphadon, 13, 40, 45 Anagalida, 268, 268 Alachth clrium, 512 Alphadon rhaister,44 Anagalidae, 268 Alagomyidae, 271, 272, 274, 276, 329, 498, 504 Alphagaulus, 281, 380, 386, 387 Anaptomorphinae, 169, 244, 255 Alagomys, 269, 276, 277, 313, 498, 499, 503, Alphagaulus douglassi, 386 Anapamorphini, 243 504 Alphagaulus pristinus, 386 Anaptomorphus, 169, 243, 244, 245, 254, 255 Alagomys inopinatus, 492, 498 Alphagaulus tedfordi, 386 Anaptomorphus abboti, 245 Alagomys russelli, 313, 499 Alphagaulus vetus, 386 Anaptomorphus aemulus, 244 Albertatherium,40 Alticonus, 656 Anaptomorphus homunculus, 245 Albireo, 515, 590, 599 Alticonus gazini, 656 Anaptomorphus minimus, 106 Albireo whistleri, 567, 590 Aluralagus, 289, 302, 307 Anaptomorphus westi, 244 Albireonidae, 515, 567, 599 Aluralagus bensonensis, 302 Anasazia, 166, 222, 229, 230 Aletocyon, 647 Aluralagus virginiae, 302 Anasazia williamsoni, 222 Aletocyon multicuspis, 650 Alveojunctus, 168, 216, 230 Ancenycteris, 170, 188, 184, 190 Aletomerycinae, 665 Alveojunctus bowni, 216 Ancenycteris rasmusseni, 184 Aletomeryx, 663, 664 Alveojunctus minutus, 216 Anchiblarinella, 60, 93, 115, 119 Aletomeryx gracilis, 664 Alwoodia, 281, 380, 383, 387 Anchiblarinella wakeeneyensis, 115 Aletomeryx lungi, 664 Alwoodia harkensi, 383 Anchippus, 673, 674, 678 Aletomeryx marshi, 664 Alwoodia magna, 383 Anchitheriinae, 672, 674, 676, 677, 678 Aletomeryx marslandensis, 664 Amaramnis, 56, 67, 73, 77 Anchitheriomyini, 393 Aletomeryx occidentalis, 664 Amaramnis gregoryi,73 Anchitheriomys, 281, 393, 393, 395, 401, 402 Aletomeryx scotti, 664 Amblycastor, 395 Anchitheriomys fluminis, 395 Alforjas, 662, 663 Amblycastor fluminus, 395 Anchitheriomys nanus, 395 Alilepus, 289, 297, 301, 307 Ambulocetidae, 508, 558 Anchitheriomys senrudi, 395 Alilepus annectens, 301 Ambulocetus, 509, 559 Anchitheriomys suevicus, 395 Alilepus hibbardi, 302 Amebelodon, 685 Anchitherium, 672, 674, 678 Alilepus vagus, 302 Amebelodon floridanus, 686 Anchitherium clarencei, 672, 673, Alilepus wilsoni, 302 Amelotabes, 131, 132, 138, 138, 139, 140, 676 Allocosmodon, 13, 14, 29, 33 143 Anchitherium navasotae, 673 Allocosmodon woodi,29 Amelotabes simpsoni, 140 Anconodon, 13, 23, 23, 31, 33 Allodelphis, 515, 581, 598 Ameridelphia, 11, 12 Anconodon cochranensis,31 Allodelphis pratti, 581 Amerihippus, 676 Anconodon gidleyi,31 Allodesminae, 517, 523, 524, 527, 530, 539 Ammospermophilus, 280, 287, 358, 359, 365, Anconodon lewisi,31 Allodesmus, 512, 517, 527, 531, 537, 539, 546 371, 373 Anconodon russelli, 23, 34 Allodesmus gracilis, 531, 537 Ammospermophilus fossilis, 365, Ancylopoda, 666 Allodesmus kelloggi, 525, 531, 536, 537, 373 Anemorhysis, 169, 243, 246, 254, 255 545 Ammospermophilus hanfordi, 366 Anemorhysis natronensis, 246 Allodesmus kernensis, 531 Ammospermophilus jeffriesi, 366 Anemorhysis pattersoni, 246 Allodesmus packardi, 531 Ammospermophilus junturensis, 365 Anemorhysis pearcei, 246 Allomyidae, 270 Ammospermophilus leucurus, 365 Anemorhysis savagei, 246 Allomyinae, 272, 281, 377, 378, 382, 387 Amphechinini, 95 Anemorhysis sublettensis, 246 Allomys, 281, 380, 381, 382, 384, 387 Amphechinus, 58, 92, 94,95 Anemorhysis wortmani, 246 Allomys cavatus, 382 Amphechinus arvernensis,95 Angustictis, 652 Allomys cristabrevis, 382 Amphechinus horncloudi,95 Angustidens, 59, 59, 93, 114, 119 Allomys nitens, 382 Amphicaenopus, 682, 683, 685 Angustidens vireti, 114 Allomys reticulatus, 382 Amphicaenopus platycephalus, 682 Anisacodon,72 Allomys sharpi, 381 Amphicyon, 654 Anisacodon elegans,72 Allomys simplicidens, 383 Amphicyon galushai, 654 Ankylodon, 57, 57, 58, 92, 94,99 Allomys stirtoni, 383 Amphicyon ingens, 654 Ankylodon annectens,99 Allomys storeri, 383 Amphicyon reinheimeri, 654 Ankylodon progressus,99 Allomys tesselatus, 383 Amphicyon sinapius, 654 Anomaluromorpha, 271 Allops, 671 Amphicyonidae, 654 Annomotherium, 518 Allops crassicornis, 671 Amphidozotheriinae, 108 Anomaluridae, 270, 271, 272 Allops marshi, 671 Amphidozotherium, 107, 108 Anomaluroidea, 270, 271, 272, 274, 313, Allops serotinus, 671 Amphilemur, 57, 94, 100, 107 336 Allops walcotti, 671 Amphilemuridae, 54, 57, 94, 100, Anomalurus, 272 Allosminthus, 456 107 Anomerycoidodon, 661 Allotheria, 7, 10 Amphiragatherium, 509 Anomoemys, 276, 340, 347, 349 Alluvisorex, 59, 60, 93, 115, 119 Ampliconus, 656 Anomoemys lewisi, 347 Alluvisorex aradentes, 115 Ampliconus antoni, 656 Anomoemys lohiculus, 347, 378 Alluvisorex chasseae, 115 Ampliconus browni, 656 Anomotherium, 632

Index 763

Anonymus, 319 Aphornorus rataoski,72 Arcticanodon, 131, 132, 138, 142, 143 Anonymus baroni, 319 Aphornorus simpsoni,72 Arcticanodon dawsonae, 142 Anoplonassa, 515, 578, 598 Apletotomeus, 283, 430, 433, 447 Arctisorex, 60, 93, 116, 119 Anoplonassa forcipata, 578 Apletotomeus crassus, 433 Arctisorex polaris, 116 Ansiacodon, 672 Aplodontia, 285, 377, 380, 383, 388, 416 Arctocephalinae, 512, 526 Ansiacodon montanus, 672 Aplodontia alexandrae, 383 Arotocephalus, 512 Ansomyinae, 378 Aplodontia rufa, 377 Arctocyon, 657 Ansomys, 281, 380, 381, 387, 388 Aplodontidae, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278, Arctocyon corrugatus, 657 Ansomys hepburnensis, 381 281, 287, 321, 357, 377, Arctocyon ferox, 657 Ansomys nexodens, 381 378, 379, 380, 383, 387, 388 Arctocyon mumak, 657 Ansomys orientalis, 381 Aplodontinae, 281, 287, 377, 387 Arctodontomys, 167, 169, 214, 230 Anouroneomys, 115 Aplodontoidea, 270, 272, 273, 313, 357, Arctodontomys nuptus, 215 Antecalomys, 285, 288, 460, 471, 475 377, 378, 379, 380, 387 Arctodontomys simplicidens, 214, Antecalomys phthanus, 471 biology and evolutionary patterns, 388 215 Antecalomys valensis, 471 defining features, 377–8 Arctodontomys wilsoni, 215 Antecalomys vasquezi, 471 systematics, 378–9 Arctodus, 653 Antesorex, 59, 59, 93, 114, 119 Apternodontidae, 54, 57, 59, 111, 118 Arctodus pristinus, 653 Antesorex compressus, 114 Apternodus, 54, 57, 59, 92, 111, 118 Arctoidea, 511, 544 Anthrarobunidae, 514 Apternodus baladontus, 111 Arctomeles, 653 Anthracotheriidae, 659 Apternodus brevirostris, 111 Arctomeles dimolodontus, 653 Antiacodon, 658 Apternodus dasophylakas, 111 Arctomeles sotnikovae, 653 Antiacodon pygmaeus, 658 Apternodus gregoryi, 90, 111 Arctomyoides, 280, 358, 359, 362, 363, 371, Antiacodon venustus, 658 Apternodus iliffensis, 111 372 Antilocapridae, 665 Apternodus major, 111 Arctomyoides arctomyoides, 362, Antrozoidae, 179 Apternodus mediaevus, 111 363 Antrozous, 117, 170, 179, 185, 188, 190, Araeodelphis, 515, 569, 597 Arctomyoides oregonensis, 364 192 Araeodelphis natator, 569 Arctomys, 357, 367, 368 Antrozous pallidus, 185, 192 Arapahovius, 169, 241, 243, 246, 254, 255 Arctomys ludoviciana, 367 Anzanycteris, 170, 185, 188, 190 Arapahovius advena, 246 Arctomys minor, 368 Anzanycteris anzensis, 185 Arapahovius gazini, 246 Arctomys nevadensis, 369 Apataelurus, 646 Archaeoceti, 508, 509, 510, 515, 557, 558, Arctomys vetus, 368 Apataelurus kayi, 645 559, 559, 563 Arctoryctes, 100, 101 Apatemyidae, 53, 56, 58, 63, 66, 67, 68, 74, 76, biology and evolutionary patterns, 562–4 Arctoryctes galbreathi, 100 82 defining features, 557–8 Arctoryctes terrenus, 101 Apatemyinae, 74 systematics, 557, 558–9 Arctostylopida, 658 Apatemys, 50, 53, 56, 56, 67, 68, 74, 76,78 Archaeocyon, 648, 647, 649 Ardynomys, 276, 336, 337, 339, 340, 341, Apatemys bellulus,74 Archaeocyon falkenbachi, 647 345, 346, 349, 350, 351 Apatemys bellus,74 Archaeocyon leptodus, 647 Ardynomys occidentalis, 338, 346 Apatemys chardini,74 Archaeocyon pavidus, 647 Ardynomys olseni, 346 Apatemys downsi,74 Archaeodelphis, 510, 515, 567, 568, 569, Ardynomys saskatchewanensis, 346 Apatemys hendryi,74 597 Arenahippus, 673, 674, 677 Apatemys hurzeleri,74 Archaeodelphis patrius, 568, 569 Arenahippus aemulor, 673 Apatemys rodens,74 Archaeohippus, 673, 674, 678 Arenahippus grangeri, 673 Apatemys uintensis,74 Archaeohippus blackbergi, 672, 676 Arenahippus pernix, 673 Apatemys whitakeri,74 Archaeohippus mannulus, 673 Arfia, 646 Apator,74 Archaeohippus ultimus, 676 Arfia junnei, 646 Apator asaphes,74 Archaeolaginae, 286, 289, 295, 296, 299, 307 Argyrocetus, 515, 571, 597 Apatosciuravus, 277, 314, 320, 322, 328, 329 Archaeolagus, 282, 284, 286, 297, 299, 305, Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis, 571 Apatosciuravus bifax, 320 307 Argyrocetus joaquinensis, 571 Apatosciuravus jacobsi, 320 Archaeolagus acaricolus, 299 Argyrocetus patagonicus, 571 Apatotheria, 68, 74 Archaeolagus buangulus, 299 Arikareeomys, 282, 417, 418, 421, 424 Apeomyini, 282, 417, 418, 421, 422, 424 Archaeolagus emeraldensis, 299 Arikareeomys skinneri, 421 Apeomyoides, 282, 283, 417, 422, 424 Archaeolagus ennisianus, 299 Arikarictis, 652 Apeomyoides savagei, 422 Archaeolagus macrocephalus, 299 Arikarictis chapini, 652 Aphanolemur, 252 Archaeolagus primigenius, 299 Arionius, 583 Apheliscus, 67, 72, 656 Archaeolagus sonaranus, 299 Armintodelphys, 14, 16, 41, 44, 45 Apheliscus insidiosus, 657 Archaeonycteridae, 179, 189 Armintodelphys blacki,44 Aphelops, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686 Archaeonycteris, 178 Armintodelphys dawsoni,44 Aphelops jemezanus, 683, 684, 686 Archaeopteropus, 179 Armintomyidae, 270, 272 Aphelops malacorhinus, 682, 684 Archaeotherium, 658 Armintomyinae, 279, 408, 413 Aphelops megalodus, 681, 684 Archaeotherium coarctatum, 658, 659 Armintomys, 278, 279, 327, 408, 408, 412, 413, Aphelops mutilus, 684 Archaeotherium mortoni, 659 456 Aphronorus, 53, 65, 67, 72, 77,78 Archaeotherium zygomaticus, 659 Armintomys tullbergi, 408 Aphronorus fraudator,72 Archimetatheria, 11, 12 Arretotherium, 659 Aphronorus orieli, 68, 72 Archonta, 161, 162, 165 Arretotherium acridens, 659

Index 764

Artimonius, 169, 243, 247, 254, 255 Baiotomeus rhothonion,25 Batodon, 54, 55, 92, 106, 118, 121 Artimonius australis, 247 Baiotomeus russelli,25 Batodon tenuis, 106 Artimonius nocerai, 247 Balaena, 510, 516, 609, 618, 619, 621, 622, Batodonoides, 57, 92, 106, 118 Artimonius witteri, 247 624 Batodonoides powayensis, 106 Artiocetus, 509, 559 Balaena glacialis, 609 Batodonoides vanhouteni, 90, 106 Artiodactyla, 151, 508, 509, 510, 511, 558, Balaena mysticetus, 618 Bauerus, 179 658 Balaena palaeatlantica, 621 Beckiasorex, 60, 93, 115, 119 Arvicolidae, 272, 288, 480, 481, 482, 483, 491 Balaena physalus, 619 Beckiasorex hibbardi, 115 biology and evolutionary patterns, 490–4 Balaena prisca, 622 Behemotops, 514, 517, 518, 641, 642, 643 defining features, 480–2 Balaena ricei, 618 Behemotops emlongi, 514, 641 systematics, 482–3 Balaenidae, 510, 516, 518, 617, 624 Behemotops proteus, 514, 641 Arvicolinae, 270, 271, 272, 288, 483, 491 Balaenop morpha, 510 Belemnoziphius, 515, 578, 598 Arvicolini, 483 Balaenoptera, 509, 510, 516, 619, 624 Belemnoziphius compressus, 578 Ashoroa, 517 Balaenoptera acutorostrata, 619 Belemnoziphius prorops, 578 Asiabradypus, 129, 130 Balaenoptera borealina, 619 Belosphys, 515, 594, 598 Asiacastorinae, 394, 401 Balaenoptera cephalus, 619 Belosphys spinosus, 594 Asteneofiber, 401 Balaenoptera davidsonii, 619 Bensonomys, 467 Astrohippus, 672, 675, 679 Balaenoptera floridana, 619 Berardius, 510, 568, 578 Astrohippus ansae, 672, 679 Balaenoptera gibbar, 609, 619 Berruvius, 213 Astrohippus stockii, 672, 679 Balaenoptera physalus, 619 Bessoecetor, 53, 67, 71, 77 Ateleodon, 672 Balaenoptera ryani, 619 Bessoecetor septentrionalis, 64,71 Ateleodon osborni, 672 Balaenopteridae, 516, 518, 619, 624 Bettongia,32 Ateles, 163 Balaenotus, 516, 618, 624 Bharati-siren, 632 Atocetus, 515, 587, 599 Balaenotus insignis, 618 Bisonalveus, 53, 67, 67, 72, 77 Atocetus nasalis, 587 Balaenula, 516, 618, 619, 624 Bisonalveus browni, 64,72 Atopomys, 288, 483, 488, 491 Balaenula balaenopsis, 618 Bisonalveus holtzmani,72 Atopotarus, 515, 531, 599 Balaenoidea, 609 Bjornkurtenia, 492, 498 Atopotarus courseni, 531 Balaenop fevoidea, 609 Blackia, 370 Aulolithomys, 279, 416, 417, 423, 424 Balantiomys, 284, 430, 438, 448 Blancocamelus, 663 Aulolithomys bounites, 423 Balantiomys borealis, 438 Blancocamelus meadi, 663 Aulolithomys vexilliames, 423 Balantiomys nebraskensis, 438 Blarina, 54, 60, 93, 116, 119 Aulophyseter, 515, 575, 597 Balantiomys oregonensis, 438 Blarina adamsi, 116 Aulophyseter mediatlanticus, 575 Baranarviomys, 492 Blarina brevicauda, 116 Aulophyseter morricei, 575 Baranomys, 288, 483, 491, 492 Blarina gidleyi, 116 Auroralestes, 57, 92, 94,97 Barbourofelis, 654 Blarina talpoides, 116 Ausletribosphenos, 11 Barbourofelis lovei, 654 Blarinini, 93, 116, 119 Auroralestes simpsoni,97 Barbourofelis loveorum, 654 Blastomerycinae, 664 Australosphenida, 11, 12 Barbouromeryx, 665 Blastomeryx, 664 Australidelphia, 11, 12 Barbouromeryx marslandensis, 664 Blastomeryx (Parablastomeryx), 664 Autoceta, 507 Barbouromeryx sweeti, 664 Blastomeryx (Parablastomeryx) galushi, 664 Avenius, 212, 214 Barbouromeryx trigonocorneus, 664 Blastomeryx cursor, 664 Avunculus, 53, 67, 70, 76 Basilosauridae, 508, 514, 515, 557, 558, 559, Blastomeryx gemmifer, 664 Avunculus didelphodontidi,70 560, 561, 563 Blastomeryx pristinus, 664 Aycrossia, 169, 243, 246, 254, 255 Basilosaurinae, 559, 559, 561 Blastomeryx vigoratus, 664 Aycrossia lovei, 246 Basilosaurus, 509, 515, 559, 561, 563 Blickohyus, 612 Aztlanolagus, 289, 302, 307 Basilosaurus cetoides, 561 Boffidae, 28 Aztlanolagus agilis, 302, 303 Basilosaurus drazindai, 561 Boreameryx, 664 Bassaricyon, 652 Boreameryx braskerudi, 664 Babiacetus, 559 Bassariscops, 647 Boreosphenida, 11 Baioconodon, 657 Bassariscops anchoros, 650 Boreoeutheria, 52, 130, 267 Baioconodon denverensis, 657 Bassariscops willistoni, 650 Borophagina, 647, 648, 649, 651 Baioconodon middletoni, 656 Bassariscus, 652 Borophaginae, 647, 648, 649 Baioconodon nordicum, 657 Bassariscus astutus, 652 Borophagini, 647, 648, 649, 649, 650 Baiomys, 288, 460, 472, 474, 475 Bassariscus phyllismillerae, 652 Borophagus, 648, 649, 651 Baiomys aquilonius, 472 Bassariscus stewartae, 652 Borophagus diversidens, 651 Baiomys brachygnathus, 472 Bassicyonoides, 652 Borophagus dudleyi, 651 Baiomys kolbi, 472 Bathrodon, 215 Borophagus hilli, 647, 651 Baiomys minimus, 472 Bathrodon annectens, 215 Borophagus littoralis, 651 Baiomys mowi, 472 Bathrodon typus, 215 Borophagus orc, 651 Baiomys rexroadi, 472 Bathyergidae, 270, 271, 502 Borophagus pachyodon, 651 Baiomys sawrockensis, 472 Bathyergordea, 270 Borophagus parvus, 651, 652 Baiomys taylori, 472 Bathyergo morpha, 271 Borophagus pugnator, 651, Baiotomeus, 13, 14, 23, 24, 33 Bathygeniinae, 660 652 Baiotomeus douglasi,24 Bathygenus, 660, 661 Borophagus secundus, 651 Baiotomeus lamberti,25 Bathyopsis, 656 Bothriodon, 659

Index 765

Bouromeryx, 665 Brontotherium medium, 672 Cantius abditus, 253, 256, 258 Bouromeryx americanus, 664 Brontotherium platyceras, 672 Cantius angulatus, 252, 253, 256 Bouromeryx madisonensis, 664 Brontotherium ramosum, 672 Cantius antediluvius, 252 Bouromeryx milleri, 664 Brontotherium tichoceras, 672 Cantius eppsi, 243 Bouromeryx parvus, 664 Bryanictis, 646 Cantius frugivorus, 253, 256 Bouromeryx pawniensis, 664, 665 Bryanictis paulus, 646 Cantius mckennai, 253, 256 Bouromeryx pseudonebraskensis, 664 Buginbaatar,24 Cantius nunienus, 253, 256, 258 Bouromeryx submilleri, 664 Buisnictis, 653 Cantius ralstoni, 253, 256 Bouromeryx supernebraskensis, 664 Buisnictis chisoensis, 653 Cantius simonsi, 253, 256 Bovidae, 665 Bunomeryx, 658 Cantius torresi, 241, 243, 244, 253, 256 Brachianodon, 131, 138, 138, 140, 143, 144 Bunophorus, 658 Cantius trigonodus, 253, 256 Brachianodon westorum, 140 Bunophorus sinclairi, 658 Capacikala, 281, 393, 397, 402 Brachyallodesmus, 517, 531, 539 Burramys,32 Capacikala gradatus, 397 Brachyallodesmus packardi, 531 Burtinopsis, 619 Capacikala parvus, 397 Brachycrus, 660 Buxolestes, 50, 65, 66, 78 Capatanka, 281, 393, 393, 397, 402 Brachycrus laticeps, 660 Buxolestes piscator, 50, 75 Capatanka cankpeopi, 397, 398 Brachycrus laticeps siouxense, 661 Capatanka magnus, 398 Brachycrus rusticus, 660 Caenolestidae, 11 Capatanka minor, 398 Brachycrus siouxense, 660, 661 Caenopus, 682, 683, 685 Caperea, 510, 609 Brachycrus wilsoni, 660 Caenopus yoderensis, 683, 684, 685 Capricamelus, 662 Brachydelphis, 510, 568 Calippus, 673, 675, 676, 678, 678, 679 Capricamelus gettyi, 662 Brachyericinae, 58, 94,96 Calippus castilli, 678 Capromeryx, 665 Brachyerix, 58, 59, 60, 92, 94,96 Calippus cerasinus, 672 Capromeryx arizonensis, 665 Brachyerix hibbardi,96 Calippus elachistus, 678 Capromeryx tauntonensis, 665 Brachyerix incertis,96 Calippus hondurensis, 678 Carcinodon, 657 Brachyerix macrotis, 90,96 Calippus labrosus, 678 Cardiolophus, 680 Brachyerix montanus,96 Calippus maccartyi, 678 Caribosiren, 518, 518, 632, 634, 636 Brachyhyops, 658, 659 Calippus martini, 672, 678 Caribosiren turneri, 634 Brachyhyops viensis, 659, 663 Callophoca, 512, 517, 546, 550, 553 Carnivora, 66, 130, 137, 151, 511, 525, 542, Brachyhyops wyomingensis, 659 Callophoca ambigua, 550 544 Brachylagus, 293, 305 Callophoca obscura, 546, 550, 551 Carolinacetus, 515, 560, 563 Brachypotherium, 684 Callorhinus, 512, 517, 529, 539 Carolinacetus gingerichi, 560 Brachypotherium americanum, 684 Callorhinus gilmorei, 529 Carolliinae, 180 Brachypsalis, 653 Callorhinus ursinus, 529 Carpocristes, 226 Brachypsalis modicus, 653 Calomys, 288, 460, 471, 475 Carpocristes cygneus, 226 Brachyrhynchocyon, 654 Calomys arizonae, 471 Carpocristes hobackensis, 226 Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei, 654 Calomys baskini, 471 Carpocristes rosei, 226 Bretzia, 665 Calomys bimaculatus, 471 Carpocyon, 648, 649, 651 Bretzia pseudalces, 665 Calomys coffeyi, 471 Carpocyon compressus, 651 Brontops, 666, 670 Calomys elachys, 471 Carpocyon cuspidatus, 651 Brontops amplus, 671 Calomys eliasi, 471 Carpocyon limnosus, 647, 652 Brontops bicornutus, 671 Calomys gidleyi, 471 Carpocyon robustus, 651 Brontops brachycephalus, 671 Calomys hershovitzi, 471 Carpocyon webbi, 651 Brontops canadensis, 672 Calomys meadensis, 471 Carpodaptes, 167, 226, 227, 231 Brontops dispar, 672 Calomys stirtoni, 471 Carpodaptes aulacodon, 225, 226 Brontops robustus, 671 Calomys yazhi, 471 Carpodaptes cygneus, 209, 226 Brontops selwynianus, 672 Camelidae, 558, 662 Carpodaptes dubius, 228 Brontops tyleri, 671 Camelini, 663 Carpodaptes hazelae, 226 Brontops validus, 671 Cameloidea, 662 Carpodaptes hobackensis, 226 Brontotheriidae, 666, 667, 668 Camelops, 663 Carpodaptes jepseni, 227 Brontotheriina, 667, 668 Camelops hesternus, 663 Carpodaptes nigridens, 228 Brontotheriina, 667 Campestrallomys, 281, 380, 381, 387 Carpodaptes rosei, 226 Brontotheviine new genus A, 667, 668, 669 Campestrallomys annectens, 381 Carpodaptes stonleyi, 226 Bronto theviine new genus B, 667, 668, 669 Campestrallomys dawsonae, 381 Carpolestes, 164, 167, 209, 226, 227, 231 Brontotheriini, 667 Campestrallomys siouxensis, 381 Carpolestes aquilae, 228 Brontotheviika, 667 Canidae, 646 Carpolestes cygneus, 226 Brontotherium, 672 Canis, 647, 651 Carpolestes dubius, 228 Brontotherium curtus, 672 Canis arbrusteri, 651 Carpolestes jepseni, 227 Brontotherium dolichoceras, 672 Canis davisi, 651, 652 Carpolestes nigridens, 227, 228 Brontotherium elatus, 672 Canis edwardi, 651 Carpolestes simpsoni, 163, 228, 232 Brontotherium gigas, 672 Canis lepophagus, 652 Carpolestidae, 167, 212, 225, 231 Brontotherium hatcheri, 672 Canis montanis, 670 Carpomegodon, 167, 227, 231 Brontotherium hypoceras, 672 Canis? marshi, 670 Carpomegodon jepseni, 227 Brontotherium ingens, 672 Cantius, 169, 171, 240, 242, 243, 244, 249, 252, Carsioptychus, 657 Brontotherium leidyi, 672 256, 257, 258 Carsioptychus coarctatus, 657

Index 766

Castor, 50, 285, 287, 323, 391, 393, 398, 402 Cephalotropis, 516, 614, 623 Chiromyoides major, 225 Castor accessor, 398 Cephalotropis coronatus, 614 Chiromyoides minor, 225 Castor californicus, 398 Ceratogaulus, 281, 378, 380, 386, 387 Chiromyoides potior, 225 Castor canadensis, 391, 398 Ceratogaulus anecdotus, 386 Chironectes,9 Castor fiber, 391, 398 Ceratogaulus rhinocerus, 386 Chironectes minimus,9 Castoridae, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278, 281, Cercamoniinae, 254 Chiroptera, 107, 151, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 287, 321, 328, 357, 392, 393, 393, 394, Cernaysia, 13, 13, 23, 23, 26, 33 168, 170, 174, 176, 178, 179, 189 401, 402, 423 Cernaysia davidi, 23, 26, 34 biology and evolutionary patterns, 187–92 Castori morpha, 270, 271 Cernaysia manueli,26 defining features, 174–6 Castorinae, 287, 394, 398, 402 Cervidae, 665 systematics, 176–9 Castoroidea, 270, 272, 273, 278, 313, 391, 393, Cervus, 665 Chirox,25 393, 402, 429 Cetacea, 489, 490, 500, 507, 509, 510, 511, 513, Chlamyphorus, 127, 144 biology and evolutionary patterns, 401 516, 518, 519, 557, 558 Chlororhysis, 169, 246, 254, 255 defining features, 391–3 Cetartiodactyla, 509, 511 Chlororhysis incmptus, 246 systematics, 393 Cete, 510 Chlororhysis knightensis, 246 Castoroides, 285, 287, 393, 401, 402 Ceterhinops, 515, 571, 597 Choeronycteris, 191 Castoroides ohioensis, 264 Ceterhinops longifrons, 571 Chonecetus, 510, 516, 609, 611, 623 Castoroidinae, 281, 287, 394, 399, 401, 402 Cetophis, 515, 594, 598 Chonecetus goedertorum, 611 Castoroidini, 401 Cetophis heteroclitus, 594 Chonecetus sookensis, 611 Catopsalis, 13, 14, 20, 22, 33,34 Cetotheriidae, 516, 612, 623 Choneziphius, 515, 578, 598 Catopsalis alexanderi,30 Cetotheriopsidae, 516, 611, 623 Cheneziphius chonops, 579 Catopsalis calgariensis,30 Cetotheriopsinae, 611 Choneziphius liops, 579 Catopsalis fissidens,30 Cetotheriopsis, 612 Cheneziphius macrops, 579 Catopsalis foliatus,30 Cetotheriopsis tobieni, 612 Choneziphius planirostris, 579 Catopsalis joyneri,30 Cetotherium, 612, 613, 516, 623 Choneziphius trachops, 579 Catopsalis waddleae,30 Cetotherium furlongi, 612 Chronolestes, 212, 232 Caviida, 271, 502 Cetotherium moreni, 613 Chronolestes simul, 226 Caviidae, 270, 271 Cetotherium rathkii, 612 Chrysocetus, 508, 515, 559, 561, 563 Cavoidea, 270, 271 Ceutholestes, 54, 55, 92, 108, 110, 118 Chrysocetus healyorum, 514, 561, 564 Caviomorpha, 272, 273, 274, 287, 328, 502 Ceutholestes dolosus, 90, 107, 110 Chrysochloridae, 49, 50, 52, 52, 89, 91, 100 Cedrocherus, 54, 55, 92, 94,96 Ceutholestidae, 107 Chulsanbaatar,34 Cedrocherus aceratus, 73, 96 Chaeomysticeti, 609 Chumashius, 169, 243, 249, 255 Cedrocherus ryani,96 Chadrolagus, 286, 297, 299, 306, 307 Chumashius balchi, 249 Cedromurinae, 280, 358, 358, 360, 370, 371 Chadrolagus emryi, 299 Chungchienia, 129, 130 Cedromus, 280, 358, 358, 360, 370, 371 Chadronia, 56, 67, 73, 77 Churcheria, 277, 314, 315, 319, 322 Cedromus jeffersoni, 360 Chadronia margaretae, 73, 85 Churcheria baroni, 319 Cedromus wardi, 360, 378 Chadronycteris, 168, 170, 181, 188, 192 Cimarronomys, 471 Cedromus wilsoni, 360 Chadronycteris rabenae, 181 Cimexomys,8,13, 23, 31, 33 Celadensia, 492 Chaeomysticeti, 610, 622 Cimexomys antiquus,31 Centetodon, 57, 57, 59, 92, 105, 106, 107, 118, Chalicomomys, 166, 168, 216, 217, 230 Cimexomys arapahoensis,31 121 Chalicomomys atelucanus, 217 Cimexomys gratus,31 Centetodon aztecus, 105 Chalicomomys wilwoodensis, 217 Cimexomys gregoryi,31 Centetodon bacchanalis, 105 Chalicomus, 399 Cimexomys hausoi, 29, 31 Centetodon bembicophagus, 105 Chalicomus minutus, 399 Cimexomys juidithae,31 Centetodon chadronensis, 105 Chalicotheriidae, 666 Cimexomys minor,31 Centetodon divaricatus, 105 Chalicotheroidea, 666, 679 Cimolesta, 53, 56, 67, 68, 69, 137 Centetodon hendryi, 105 Chapattimyidae, 271, 313, 340 Cimolestes, 53, 56, 63, 65, 66, 67,71 Centetodon kuenzii, 105 Charlesmooria,26 Cimolestes cerberoides,69 Centetodon magnus, 105 Charlesmooria childei,26 Cimolestes incisus,69 Centetodon marginalis, 105 Chasmaporthetes, 655 Cimolestes magnus,69 Centetodon neashami, 105 Chasmaporthetes ossifragus, 655 Cimolestes simpsoni,69 Centetodon patratus, 105 Chinchilla, 502 Cimolestes stirtoni,69 Centetodon pulcher, 105 Chinchilloidea, 270, 271 Cimolestidae, 53, 56, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 76 Centetodon wolffi, 105 Chinchillidae, 270, 271 Cimolomyidae, 23 Centimanomys, 279, 417, 423, 424 Chipetaia, 169, 243, 251, 255, 256, 258 Cimolodon,23 Centimanomys galbreathi, 423 Chipetaia lamporea, 251 Cimolodonta, 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, 21, 22, 31, 33 Centimanomys major, 423 Chiracus, 72, 215 Cimolodontidae, 23 Centracodon,41 Chiracus badgleyi, 657 Cingulata, 129, 130, 132, 147, 149, 150, 151, Centracodon delicatus,42 Chiracus inversus,72 152, 156 Ceotherium, 623 Chiracus oconostotae, 657 Citellus, 357, 363, 365, 366, 369 Cephalogale, 653 Chiracus pelvidens, 215 Citellus bensoni, 366 Cephalorhynchinae, 592 Chirogidae, 24 Citellus cochisei, 367 Cephalorhynchus, 592 Chiromyoides, 167, 225, 229, 231 Citellus cragini, 367 Cephalotes, 183 Chiromyoides caesor, 225 Citellus dotti, 366 Cephalotes teniotis, 183 Chiromyoides campanicus, 225 Citellus finlayensis, 366

Index 767

Citellus fricki, 366 Copelemur praetutus, 253 Crenatosiren, 518, 518, 632, 635, 636 Citellus gidleyi, 366 Copelemur tutus, 253 Crenatosiren olseni, 635 Citellus howelli, 366 Copelemini, 244 Creodonta, 66, 509, 513, 645 Citellus junturensis, 366 Copemys, 284, 285, 288, 460, 468, 470, 475 Creotarsinae, 75, 611 Citellus longirostris, 366 Copemys barstowensis, 468 Creotarsus, 56, 67, 75, 77 Citellus mackayensis, 367 Copemys dentalis, 468 Creotarsus lepidus, 64,75 Citellus matchicensis, 366 Copemys esmeraldensis, 468 Cricetidae, 270, 272, 285, 288, 327, 456, 458, Citellus matthewi, 366 Copemys kelloggae, 468 459, 460, 461, 475 Citellus mcgheei, 366 Copemys lindsayi, 468 biology and evolutionary patterns, 474–6 Citellus meadensis, 366 Copemys longidens, 468 deﬁning features, 456–8 Citellus pattersoni, 369 Copemys loxodon, 468 systematics, 458 Citellus primitivus, 366 Copemys mariae, 468 Cricetinae, 270, 271, 285, 288, 459, 460, 468, Citellus quatalensis, 363 Copemys niobrariensis, 468 475 Citellus rexroadensis, 366 Copemys pagei, 468 Cricetini, 460 Citellus ridgwayi, 366 Copemys pisinnus, 471 Cricetodipus, 441 Citellus shotwelli, 366 Copemys russelli, 468 Cricetodon, 465 Citellus tephrus, 366 Copemys tenuis, 468 Cricetodontinae, 285, 460, 464, 475 Citellus tuitus, 366 Cophocetus, 614, 516, 623 Cricetodontini, 285, 460, 465, 475 Citellus wilsoni, 366 Cophocetus oregonensis, 614 Cricetopini, 460 Cladotheria, 11 Coriphagus, 53, 67, 67, 73, 77 Cricetops, 457 Clemensodon,25 Coriphagus montanus,73 Cristadjidaumo, 279, 417, 420, 424 Clemensodon megaloba,25 Cormocyon, 647, 648, 649, 650 Cristadjidaumo mckennai, 420 Clethrionomyini, 494 Cormocyon cooki, 649 Crucimys, 281, 380, 384, 387 Clethrionomys, 483, 494 Cormocyon copei, 650 Crucimys milleri, 384, 385 Clinodon, 111 Cormocyon haydeni, 650 Crusafontina, 59, 60, 93, 115, 119 Clinopternodus, 57, 59, 92, 111, 118 Cormohipparion, 673, 675, 676, 678, 679 Crusafontina endemica, 115 Clinopternodus gracilis, 111 Cormohipparion emsliei, 678 Crusafontina magna, 115 Cocomys, 313, 314, 314, 498 Cormohipparion goorisi, 673 Crusafontina minima, 115 Coendu, 502 Cormohipparion ingenuum, 676, 678 Crypholestes, 57, 92, 94,99 Coendu cascoensis, 502 Cormohipparion occidentale, 672, 678 Crypholestes vaughni,99 Coendu cumberlandicus, 502 Cormohipparion paniense, 678 Cryptolestes,99 Coendu stirtoni, 502 Cormohipparion plicatile, 672, 678 Cryptomanis, 129 Colodon, 680 Cormohipparion quinni, 672, 676 Cryptophoca, 512, 546 Colodon occidentalis, 680 Cornwallius, 514, 517, 518, 622, 641, 642, 642, Cryptopterus, 285, 287, 358, 359, 370, 371, 372 Colodon woodi, 681 643 Cryptopterus crusafonti, 370 Colonomys, 329 Cornwallius sookensis, 641 Cryptopterus webbi, 370 Colonomys celer, 329 Cornwallius tabatai, 642 Cryptoryctes, 57, 92, 110, 118 Colophonodon, 515, 583, 594, 598 Corynorhinus, 170, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192 Cryptoryctes kayi, 90, 110, 111 Colophonodon holmesii, 594, 595 Corynorhinus raﬁnesquii, 186 Cryptotis, 49, 54, 60, 93, 116, 119 Coloradoeumys, 285, 460, 462, 475 Coryphodon, 656 Cryptotis adamsi, 116 Coloradoeumys galbreathi, 457, 462 Coryphodon eocaenus, 656 Cryptotis kensasensis, 116 Colpoclaenus, 657 Coryphodon lobatus, 656 Cryptotis meadensis, 116 Colpoclaenus procyonoides, 657 Corystosiren, 518, 632, 635, 636 Cryptotis parva, 116 Comancheomys, 287, 417, 417, 422, 424 Corystosiren varguezi, 635 Ctenodactylidae, 270, 271, 273, 274, 340, 498 Comancheomys rogersi, 422 Cosomys, 288, 481, 483, 483, 486, 491 Ctenodactyloidea, 270, 313, 329 Conacodon, 657 Cosomys primus, 486, 493 Ctenodactylomorpha, 271 Conacodon cophater, 657 Cosoryx, 665 Ctenohystrica, 269, 271, 273, 274, 313 Conacodon delphae, 657 Cosoryx furcatus, 665 Cupidinimus, 279, 284, 284, 288, 430, 440, 444, Conacodon harbourae, 657 Cotimus, 462 448 Condylarthra, 66 Cranioceras, 665 Cupidinimus avawatzensis, 440 Condylura, 54, 60, 93, 103, 120 Cranioceras clarendonensis, 664 Cupidinimus bidahochiensis, 440 Condylura cristata, 103 Cranioceras dakotensis, 664 Cupidinimus boronensis, 441 Condylurini, 60, 103 Cranioceras granti, 664 Cupidinimus cuyamensis, 441 Conepatus, 653 Cranioceras mefferdi, 664 Cupidinimus eurekensis, 441 Conepatus leuconotus, 653 Cranioceras teres, 664 Cupidinimus halli, 441 Copecion, 657 Cranioceras unicornis, 664 Cupidinimus kleinfelderi, 441 Copecion davisi, 658 Cranioceratini, 665 Cupidinimus lindsayi, 441 Copedelphys, 14, 15, 15, 16, 40, 41, 42, 45 Craseonycteridae, 178 Cupidinimus madisonensis, 441 Copedelphys innominata,43 Craseops, 148, 215, 229, 230 Cupidinimus magnus, 444 Copedelphys stevensoni,43 Craseops sylvestris, 215 Cupidinimus nebraskensis, 440 Copedelphys titanelix, 42, 43 Cratogeomys, 288, 430, 445, 449 Cupidinimus prattensis, 441 Copelemur, 169, 242, 244, 253, 256, 257, 258 Cratogeomys bensoni, 445 Cupidinimus quartus, 441 Copelemur australotutus, 253 Cratogeomys merriami, 445 Cupidinimus saskatchewanensis, 441 Copelemur consortutus, 253, 673 Cratogeomys sansiomensis, 445 Cupidinimus tertius, 441 Copelemur feretutus, 253, 673 Crenaticeti, 610 Cupidinimus whitlocki, 441

Index 768

Cupressimus, 279, 417, 419, 423, 424 Cynorca, 659 Deltatheridia, 91 Cupressimus barbarae, 420, 423 Cynorca sociale, 659 Deltatheridiidae, 91 Cupressimus storeri, 419 Cynthiacetus, 515, 559, 561, 563 Deltatheridinae, 66 Cuvierimops, 191 Cynthiacetus maxwelli, 561 Deltatherium, 70, 655, 656 Cuvieronius, 686 Cyriacotherium, 656 Deltatherium absarokae,70 Cuvieronius tropicus, 686 Cystophora, 512, 545, 546 Deltatherium dandreai, 656 Cuyamalagus, 285, 286, 296, 304, 306, 307 Cystophorinae, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 552 Deltatherium fundaminis, 656 Cuyamalagus dawsoni, 304 Democricetodontini, 285, 288, 460, 468, 475 Cylindrodon, 276, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, Dactylopsila, 50, 78 Denebola, 515, 590, 591, 599 345, 349, 350, 351 Daemonelix, 391 Denebola brachycephala, 590, 591 Cylindrodon collinus, 346 Daeodon, 658 Deperetella, 680 Cylindrodon fontis, 339, 345, 346 Daeodon hollandi, 658 Deperetomys, 282, 285, 460, 465, 475 Cylindrodon galbreathi, 346 Dakotallomys, 281, 380, 381, 387 Deperetomys hagni, 465 Cylindrodon natronensis, 346 Dakotallomys lillegraveni, 381 Dermoptera, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 168, 176, Cylindrodon nebraskensis, 346 Dakotallomys pelycomyoides, 381 178, 198, 200, 211, 268 Cylindrodon solarborus, 338, 346 Dakotamys, 31, 381, 384 Dermotherium, 200 Cylindrodontidae, 270, 271, 272, 274, 336, 337, Dakotamys lillegraveni, 381 Desmaninae, 91 340, 341, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351 Dalanistes, 559 Desmanini, 60, 102 biology and evolutionary patterns, 348–51 Dalpiazinidae, 518, 567 Desmatippus, 673, 674, 676, 678 defining features, 336–40 Daphoenictis, 654 Desmatippus nebraskensis, 676 systematics, 340 Daphoenodon, 654 Desmatippus texanus, 673 Cylindrodontid new genus 1, 276, 348, 349 Daphoenodon falkenbachi, 654 Desmatochoerus, 660 Cylindrodantid new genus 2, 276, 348, 349 Daphoenodon notionastes, 654 Desmatochoerus megalodon, 660 Cylindrodontinae, 276, 340, 341, 344, 349, 351 Daphoenodon skinneri, 654 Desmatolaginae, 296 Cymaprimodon,73 Daphoenus, 654 Desmatolagus, 286, 296, 303, 306, 307 Cymaprimodon kenni, 73, 96 Daphoenus demilo, 654 Desmatolagus gobiensis, 295, 296, 303, 306 Cynarctina, 647, 648, 649, 650 Darbonetus, 108 Desmatolagus robustus, 304 Cynarctoides, 647, 648, 649, 649, 652 Dartonius, 57, 92, 94,97 Desmatolagus schizopetrus, 303 Cynarctoides acridens, 649 Dartonius jepseni,97 Desmatolagus vetustus, 296 Cynarctoides emryi, 649 Dasyproctidae, 270, 271 Desmatophoca, 512, 517, 527, 530, 537, 539 Cynarctoides gawnae, 649 Dasypoda, 151, 152 Desmatophoca brachycephala, 530 Cynarctoides harlowi, 649 Dasypodidae, 132, 152, 153, 156 Desmatophoca oregonensis, 530 Cynarctoides lemur, 649 Dasypus, 4, 129, 130, 132, 133, 150, 152, 153, Desmatophocidae, 512, 517, 524, 525, 527, 530, Cynarctoides luskensis, 649 156, 157, 158 539 Cynarctoides mustelinus, 649 Dasypus bellus, 148, 150, 153, 157, 158 Desmatophocinae, 517, 524, 527, 530, 539 Cynarctoides roii, 649 Dasypus novemcinctus, 147, 150, 153, 157, Desmocyon, 648, 649, 650 Cynarctus, 648, 649, 650 158 Desmocyon matthewi, 650 Cynarctus crucidens, 650 Dasyuroidea, 11, 12 Desmocyon thomsoni, 650 Cynarctus fortidens, 650 Daubentonia, 50, 78 Desmodontinae, 180 Cynarctus galushai, 650 Dawsonomys, 276, 330, 340, 346, 349 Desmodus, 170, 180, 188, 191, 192 Cynarctus marylandica, 650 Dawsonomys minor, 330 Desmodus archaeodaptes, 180, 191, 192 Cynarctus saxatilis, 650 Dawsonomys woodi, 346 Desmodus rotundus, 180 Cynarctus voorhiesi, 650 Delphinapterus, 510, 515, 568, 590, 596, 599 Desmostylia, 513, 514, 514, 517, 518, 519, 622, Cynelos, 654 Delphinapterus gabbi, 596 641, 642, 643, Cynocephalus, 199 Delphinapterus leucas, 568, 590 666 Cynodesmus, 649, 650, 651 Delphinavus, 515, 599, 584 biology and evolutionary patterns, 644 Cynodesmus iamonensis, 647 Delphinavus newhalli, 584 defining features, 639–41 Cynodesmus minor, 650 Delphinida, 567, 580, 584, 599 systematics, 641 Cynodesmus scitulus, 647 Delphinidae, 515, 518, 567, 587, 592, 599 Desmostylus, 514, 518, 519, 641, 642, 643 Cynodictis, 649 Delphininae, 592 Desmostylus hesperus, 640, 641, 642 Cynodontomys, 215 Delphinodon, 515, 588, 599 Desmostylus sookensis, 641 Cynodontomys alfi, 215 Delphinodon dividum, 588 Devinophoca, 544, 546 Cynodontomys angustidens, 215 Delphinodon mento, 588 Devinophocinae, 542, 545, 546, 552 Cynodontomys knightensis, 215 Delphinoidea, 515, 518, 567, 580, 587, 599, Diacocherus, 54, 55, 57, 92, 94,98 Cynodontomys latidens, 215 600, 607 Diacocherus meizon,98 Cynodontomys lundeliusi, 215 Delphinoides, 583 Diacocherus minutus, 90,98 Cynodontomys scottianus, 215 Delphinoides gratelupi, 583 Diacodexis, 214 Cynomyina, 359 Delphinus, 515, 586, 589, 590, 592, 594, 599 Diacodexis metsiacus, 658 Cynomyoides, 280, 358, 359, 368, 371, 373 Delphinus blainvillei, 586 Diacodexis nuptus, 215 Cynomyoides vatis, 368 Delphinus calvertensis, 589 Diacodexis secans, 658 Cynomys, 275, 287, 358, 359, 367, 371 Delphinus delphis, 592 Diacodon, 57, 71, 85, 92, 94, 98, 105, 108 Cynomys hibbardi, 367 Delphinus leucas, 590 Diacodon alticuspis,98 Cynomys ludovicianus, 367 Delphinus melas, 592 Diacodon bacchanalis, 105 Cynomys socialis, 367 Delphinus occiduus, 595 Diacodon bicuspis,85 Cynomys vetus, 367 Delphinus truncatus, 594 Diacodon bridgeri,85

Index 769

Diacodon minutus,98 Dinaromys, 485 Dipoides tanneri, 400 Diacodon packi, 108 Dinaromys bogdanovi, 485 Dipoides vallicula, 400 Diacodon pearcei,85 Dinictis, 654 Dipoides williamsi, 400 Diacodon pineyensis,85 Dinictis cyclops, 654 Dipoides wilsoni, 400 Diacodon septentrionalis,71 Dinocerata, 656 Diprionomys, 284, 284, 288, 430, 438, 439, 440, Diacodon tauricinerei,85 Dinohippus, 675, 676, 678, 679, 679 444, 448 Diatomyidae, 313 Dinohippus interpolatus, 673, 679 Diprionomys agrarius, 438 Diatomys, 446 Dinohippus leardi, 679 Diprionomys magnus, 444 Diceratheriinae, 682, 683, 685, 686 Dinohippus leidyanus, 673, 679 Diprionomys minimus, 439 Diceratherium, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686 Dinohippus mexicanus, 673, 679 Diprionomys oregonensis, 438 Diceratherium annectens, 682, 684 Dinohippus spectans, 673, 679 Diprionomys parvus, 439 Diceratherium armatum, 682, 684 Dinohyus, 659 Diprionomys quartus, 441 Diceratherium matutinum, 683, 684, 685 Dinohyus hollandi, 658 Diprionomys tertius, 441 Diceratherium niobrarensis, 682 Dinomyidae, 270, 271 Diprotodonta, 11, 12 Diceratherium tridactylum, 682 Dinomys, 264 Dissacus, 657 Diclidurini, 191 Dinomys branickii, 264 Dissacus navajovius, 657 Diclidurus, 191 Dinoziphius, 577 Docodontidae, 11 Diconodon, 672 Dinoziphius carolinensis, 577 Dolichohippus, 679 Diconodon montanus, 672 Diochotichus, 583 Dolichorhinoides, 669 Dicotyles, 584 Diochotichus vanbenedeni, 583 Dolichorhinus, 667, 668, 669 Dicotyles protervus, 584 Dioplodon, 578 Dolichorhinus cornutum, 669, 671 Dicrostonyx, 483, 490 Dioplotherium, 518, 632, 635 Dolichorhinus ﬂuminalis, 669, 671 Didelphidae, 11, 39, 44 Dioplotherium allisoni, 635 Dolichorhinus heterodon, 669, 671 Didelphidectes, 14, 16, 41, 44, 45,46 Dioplotherium manigaulti, 635 Dolichorhinus hyognathus, 669, 671 Didelphidectes pumilis,44 Diorocetus, 510, 516, 609, 614, 623 Dolichorhinus intermedius, 669, 671 Didelphimorphia, 11 Diorocetus hiatus, 614, 615 Dolichorhinus longiceps, 669, 671 Didelphinae, 15, 41, 45 Dipassalus, 131, 138, 138, 142, 143, 144 Dolichorhinus superior, 669, 671 Didelphis, 12, 15, 41, 45 Dipassalus oryctes, 142 Dolichorhinus validens, 669 Didelphis huntii, 43, 44 Diplacodon, 627, 628, 670 Dolichotis, 264 Didelphis scalare,42 Diplacodon elatus, 670, 671 Dolichotis patagonium, 264 Didelphis tricuspis,42 Diplacodon progressus, 671 Doliodelphis, 571 Didelpis pygmaea,42 Diplobunops, 659 Doliodelphis littlei, 571 Didelphis virginiana, 44, 46 Diploceras, 671 Dolomys, 485 Didelphodon, 13, 44, 45 Diploceras osborni, 671 Domnina, 44, 54, 57, 58, 59, 93, 102, 113, Didelphodon vorax,44 Diploclonus, 672 119 Didelphodonta, 69 Diploclonus amplus, 672 Domnina compressa, 113 Didelphoidea, 11, 12 Diploclonus bicornutus, 672 Domnina dakotensis, 113 Didelphodus, 55, 56, 56, 63, 65, 67, 70, Diploclonus selwynianus, 672 Domnina gracilis,44 75, 76 Diploclonus tyleri, 672 Domnina gradata, 113 Didelphodus absarokae, 64,70 Diplolophus, 279, 282, 408, 409, 413, 437 Domnina greeni, 102, 113 Didelphodus altidens,70 Diplolophus insolens, 409 Domnina thompsoni, 113 Didelphodus rheos,70 Diplotherium, 636 Domninoides, 58, 60, 93, 101, 103, 120 Didelphodus serus,70 Dipodidae, 270, 271, 272, 279, 282, 287, 406, Domninoides evelynae, 101 Didelphodus ventanus,70 408, 408, 413 Domninoides hessei, 103 Didelphyodus,70 biology and evolutionary patterns, 412 Domninoides knoxjonesi, 103 Didelphys, 16, 41, 105 deﬁning features, 406–7 Domninoides mimcus, 103 Didelphys marginalis, 105 systematics, 407–8 Domninoides platybrachys, 104 Didelphys pygmaea,42 Dipodoidea, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 279, 313, Domninoides riparensis, 103 Didelphys valens,42 327, 333, 382, 407, 459 Domninoides storeri, 103, 104 Didymictis, 646 Dipodomyinae, 284, 288, 440, 448 Domninoides valentinensis, 104 Didymictis altidens, 646 Dipodomys, 288, 430, 441, 448 Donrussellia, 243 Didymictis protenus, 646 Dipodomys compactus, 442 Dorraletes, 657 Didymictis vancleveae, 646 Dipodomys gidleyi, 442 Dorraletes diminutivus, 657 Didymoconidae, 84 Dipodomys hibbardi, 441, 442 Dorudon, 515, 559, 562, 563 Dikkomys, 282, 283, 430, 435, 436, 447 Dipodomys minor, 441 Dorudon atrox, 558, 558, 562 Dikkomys matthewi, 436 Dipodomys pattersoni, 442 Dorudon serratus, 562 Dikkomys woodi, 435 Dipodomys phillipsii, 441 Dorudontinae, 514, 559, 559, 561 Dillerlemur, 219 Dipodops, 441 Douglassciurus, 279, 280, 355, 357, 358, 358, Dillerlemur pagei, 219 Dipoides, 281, 286, 287, 393, 399, 400, 401, 402 359, 360, 370, 371, 372 Dillerlemur robinettei, 220 Dipoides curtus, 399 Douglassciurus jeffersoni, 356, 360 Dilophodon, 681 Dipoides intermedius, 400 Douglassia, 360 Dilophodon destitutus, 680 Dipoides problematicus, 400 Douglassia jeffersoni, 360 Dilophodon leotanus, 681 Dipoides rexroadensis, 400 Downsimus, 281, 380, 381, 387, 388 Dilophodon minisculus, 680 Dipoides smithi, 400 Downsimus chadwicki, 381 Dinaelurus, 654 Dipoides stirtoni, 400 Downsimys, 336

Index 770

Draconodus, 166, 223, 230 Ectypodus szalayi,26 Entoptychus planifrons, 388 Draconodus apertus, 223 Ectypodus tardus,26 Entoptychus productidens, 443 Dracontolestes, 166, 169, 201, 203, 204 Edaphocyon, 652 Entoptychus rostratus, 443 Dracontolestes aphantus, 203, 205 Edaphocyon palmeri, 652 Entoptychus sheppardi, 443 Drepanomeryx, 664 Edentata, 127, 129, 130, 137, 509 Entoptychus sperryi, 444 Drepanomeryx borealis, 664 Ekgmowechashala, 170, 171, 200, 201, 250, Entoptychus transitorius, 443 Drepanomeryx falciformis, 664 255, 256, 258 Entoptychus wheelerensis, 444 Drepanomeryx matthewi, 664 Ekgmowechashala philotau, 250 Eobalaenoptera, 516, 620, 624 Dromomerycidae, 664 Ellesmene, 168, 169, 200, 201, 202, 204 Eobalaenoptera harrisoni, 620 Dromomerycinae, 664, 665 Ellesmene eureka, 198, 202 Eocastoroides, 401, 485 Dromomerycini, 665 Elomeryx, 659 Eocastoroides lanei, 401, 485 Dromomeryx, 664 Elomeryx armatus, 659 Eocetus, 514, 515, 559, 559, 560, 563 Dromomeryx borealis, 664 Elphidotarsius, 167, 226, 231 Eocetus schweinfurthi, 560 Dromomeryx pawniensis, 665 Elphidotarsius florencae, 226 Eocetus wardii, 560 Dryolestoidea, 11 Elphidotarsius russelli, 226 Eocoileus, 666 Duchesneodus, 667, 668, 670 Elphidotarsius shotgunensis, 226 Eocoileus gentryorum, 665 Duchesneodus californicus, 670, 672 Elphidotarsius wightoni, 226 Eoconodon, 656, 657 Duchesneodus primitivis, 670, 672 Elpidophorus, 98, 166, 169, 198, 200, 201, 202, Eoconodon ginibitohia, 656 Duchesneodus thyboi, 670, 672 204, 205 Eoconodon nidhoggi, 657 Duchesneodus uintensis, 666, 668, 670, Elpidophorus elegans, 199, 202 Eodipodomys, 288, 385, 430, 448 671 Elpidophorus minor, 202 Eodipodomys celtiservator, 441 Dugong, 519, 632 Elpidophorus minutulus,98 Eoentelodon, 658 Dugong dugon, 519 Elpidophorus patratus, 202 Eoeumys, 285, 456, 460, 461, 475 Dugongidae, 518, 632, 633, 636 Elwynella, 168, 220, 230 Eoeumys vetus, 457, 461 Dugonginae, 518, 518, 632, 635, 636 Elwynella oreas, 220 Eohaplomys, 277, 314, 320, 322 Duplicidentata, 267, 268, 268, 295 Elymys, 278, 279, 333, 408, 408, 412, 413, 456, Eohaplomys matutinus, 320 Dusignathinae, 512, 517, 524, 527, 533, 537, 457 Eohaplomys serus, 320 539 Elymys complexus, 408 Eohaplomys tradux, 320 Dusignathus, 512, 534, 537, 539 Emballonuridae, 178, 179, 190, 192 Eohippus, 673, 674, 677 Dusignathus santacruzensis, 534 Emballonuroidea, 179 Eohippus angustidens, 673 Dusignathus seftoni, 534 Embassis, 105 Eolestes,97 Dusisiren, 518, 519, 632, 634, 636 Embassis alternans, 105 Eomaia,9 Dusisiren dewana, 634 Embassis marginalis, 105 Eomaia scansoria,9 Dusisiren jordani, 508, 630, 634 Embrithopoda, 513 Eomanidae, 137 Dusisiren reinharti, 634 Emperodon,70 Eomanis, 129, 137 Dyseohyus, 659 Emperodon acmeodontoides,70 Eometarhinus, 670 Dyseolemur, 169, 243, 249, 254, 255 Enaliarctidae, 525 Eometarhinus huerfanensis, 670 Dyseolemur pacificus, 249 Enaliarctinae, 517, 524, 526, 527, 539 Eometatheria, 11 Enaliarctos, 511, 512, 517, 517, 526, 539 Eomyidae, 270, 272, 274, 275, 279, 282, 287, Eboroziphius, 515, 579, 598 Enaliarctos barnesi, 527 327, 333, 393, 416, 417, 417, 424, 425, Eboroziphius coelops, 579 Enaliarctos emlongi, 527, 545, 546 429, 431 Ecclesimus, 283, 430, 433, 447 Enaliarctos mealsi, 526, 527 biology and evolutionary patterns, 423–5 Ecclesimus tenuiceps, 433 Enaliarctos mitchelli, 527 defining features, 415–16 Ectocion, 656, 657 Enaliarctos tedfordi, 527 systematics, 416–17 Ectocion cedrus, 658 Enhydrocyon, 651 Eomyinae, 279, 279, 282, 287, 418, 424 Ectocion collinus, 658 Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa, 651 Eomyine (yoder myine), new genus, 282, 423, Ectocion osbornianus, 658 Entelodontidae, 658, 659 424 Ectocion parvus, 658 Entomacodon, 41, 107 Eomyini, 279, 282, 287, 418, 419, 424 Ectocion wyomingensis, 657, 658 Entomacodon minutus, 42, 107 Eomyoidea, 270, 272, 328 Ectoconus, 656 Entomolestes, 57, 92, 94, 96, 97, 100, 107 Eomys, 417, 425 Ectoconus cavigelli, 656 Entomolestes grangeri, 96, 97 Eomys quercyi, 416, 425 Ectoconus ditrigonus, 656, 657 Entoptychinae, 283, 442, 449 Eomysticetidae, 516, 611, 623 Ectoconus majusculus, 656 Entoptychus, 283, 339, 340, 430, 439, 442, 443, Eomysticetus, 510, 516, 609, 611, 623 Ectoconus symbolus, 656 449 Eomysticetus carolinensis, 611 Ectoganus, 655 Entoptychus basilaris, 443 Eomysticetus whitmorei, 611 Ectypodidae, 23, 24 Entoptychus cavifrons, 443 Eoplatanista, 571 Ectypodontidae, 23, 24 Entoptychus curtus, 443 Eoplatanistidae, 518, 571 Ectypodus, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 23, 26, 33, Entoptychus fieldsi, 443 Eoryctes, 56, 66, 67, 68, 75, 76 34 Entoptychus formosus, 442 Eoryctes melanus, 68, 69 Ectypodus aphronorus,26 Entoptychus germanorum, 443 Eosiren, 516, 632 Ectypodus childei,26 Entoptychus grandiplanus, 443 Eosiren imenti, 518 Ectypodus elaphus,26 Entoptychus individens, 443 Eotherium, 672 Ectypodus lovei,26 Entoptychus minimus, 439 Eotherium americanus, 672 Ectypodus musculus,26 Entoptychus minor, 443 Eotheroides, 516, 632 Ectypodus powelli,26 Entoptychus montanensis, 443 Eotitanops, 666, 667, 668, 670

Index 771

Eotitanops borealis, 666, 670 Equus (Plesippus) anguinus, 679 Euceratherium, 666 Eotitanops brownianus, 670 Equus scotti, 679 Euceratherium collinum, 666 Eotitanops gregoryi, 666, 670 Equus simplicidens, 673, 679 Eucosmodon, 13, 13, 14, 22, 28, 33,34 Eotitanops major, 670 Eremotherium, 128, 132, 133, 149, 152, 154, Eucosmodon americanus,28 Eotitanops minimus, 666, 670 157, 158, 158 Eucosmodon molestus,29 Eotitanops princep, 670 Eremotherium eomigrans, 151, 154, 157 Eucosmodon primus,29 Eotitanotherium, 670 Eremotherium guanajuatense, 154 Eucosmodontidae, 8, 13, 21, 23, 23, 24, 28, 33 Eotitanotherium osborni, 670, 671 Eremotherium laurillardi, 148, 154, 157 Eucricetodontinae, 285, 460, 461, 464, 475 Eotylopus, 661 Erethizon, 287, 502, 504, 505 Eucricetodontini, 285, 460, 461, 475 Eotylopus reedi, 661 Erethizon bathyganthum, 502 Eucrotaphus, 661 Eozapus, 407, 411, 412 Erethizon cascoensis, 499, 502 Eucyon, 647 Epeiromys, 281, 380, 380, 387 Erethizon dorsatum, 502 Eucyon davisi, 652 Epeiromys spanius, 380 Erethizon kleini, 502 Eudaemonema, 166, 169, 201, 204, 205 Epicyon, 648, 649, 651 Erethizon poyeri, 502 Eudaemonema cuspidata, 199, 205 Epicyon aelurodontoides, 651 Erethizodonta, 271 Euderma, 191 Epicyon diabloensis, 651 Erethizodontoidea, 270 Eudermoptera, 211 Epicyon haydeni, 651, 652 Erethizontidae, 270, 271, 287, 502, 504 Euhapsis, 281, 393, 393, 398, 401, 402 Epicyon littoralis, 646 Erignathini, 546, 548, 553 Euhapsis breugerorum, 398 Epicyon saevus, 651 Erignathus, 512, 542, 553 Euhapsis ellicottae, 398 Epicyon validus, 651 Erinaceidae, 49, 52, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 89, Euhapsis gaulodon, 398 Epigaulus, 287, 378, 380, 386, 387 91, 92, 93, 94,96 Euhapsis luskensis, 398 Epigaulus hatcheri, 386, 388 Erinaceinae, 58, 60,95 Euhapsis platyceps, 398 Epigaulus minor, 386 Erinaceini, 94,95 Eulipotyphla, 52,91 Epihippus, 674, 676, 677 Erinaceomorpha, 54, 55, 57, 58, 82, 91, 92, 93, Eumetopias, 512, 538 Epihippus gracilis, 676 94, 97, 100 Eumetopias jubatus, 538 Epihippus parvus, 676 Erinaceoidea, 55, 57, 92, 94,97 Eumops, 170, 183, 188, 191 Epihippus uintensis, 676 Erinaceus, 50, 87, 112 Eumops californicus, 183 Epimanteoceras, 669 Erinaceus soricinoides, 112 Eumops perotis, 183, 192 Epitheria, 63, 130 Ernanodon, 129 Eumyini, 285, 460, 460, 465, 475 Epitriplopus, 681 Ernanodonta, 127 Eumys, 285, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 465, Epitriplopus uintensis, 681 Ernotheria, 84 475 Epoicotheriidae, 131, 137, 138, 140, 143 Escavadodon, 131, 132, 135, 138, 138, 139, Eumys blacki, 463 Epoicotherium, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 138, 143 Eumys brachyodus, 465 141, 143, 144 Escavadodon zygus, 68, 139 Eumys cricetodontoides, 465 Epoicotherium unicum, 136, 141, 142 Escavadodontidae, 131, 137, 138, 139 Eumys elegans, 457, 465 Eporeodon, 659, 660 Eschrichtiidae, 519, 621 Eumys eliensis, 463 Eporeodon major, 659 Eschrichtius, 510, 609, 621 Eumys latidens, 465 Eporeodon occidentalis, 659, 660 Eschrichtius cephalus, 621, 634 Eumys nebraskensis, 465 Eporeodon occidentalis major, 660 Eschrichtius davidsonii, 621, 635 Eumys obliquidens, 465 Eporeodon occidentalis minor, 660 Eschrichtius expansus, 621 Eumys parvidens, 465 Eporeodon paciﬁcus, 660 Eschrichtius leptocentrus, 621 Eumys pristinus, 465 Eporeodon thrustoni, 660 Eschrichtius mysticetoides, 621 Eumys spokanensis, 465 Eporeodon trigonocephalus, 660 Eschrichtius polyporus, 621 Eumys woodi, 463 Eporeodontidae, 660 Eschrichtius priscus, 621 Eumysops, 409 Eptesicus, 170, 185, 188, 190, 192 Eschrichtius pusillus, 619, 621 Eumysops simplex, 409 Eptesicus fuscus, 185, 192 Eschrichtius robusta, 609, 621 Euoplocyon, 648, 649, 650 Eptesicus hemphillensis, 186 Essonodon,23 Euoplocyon brachygnathus, 650, 652 Eptesicus melanops, 185 Esteslestes, 14, 16, 42, 45 Euoplocyon praedator, 650, 652 Equidae, 666, 674, 675, 677, 678, 679 Esteslestes ensis,42 Euoplocyon spissidens, 650 Equinae, 675, 676, 678, 679 Esthonyx, 656 Euperissodactyla, 666 Equini, 676 Esthonyx bisculcatus, 656 Euprimates, 169, 170, 211, 212, 239 Equoidea, 666 Etadonomys, 441 biology and evolutionary patterns, 254–8 Equus, 675, 676, 679 Etadonomys tiheni, 441 deﬁning features, 239–42 Equus anguinus, 673 Euarchonta, 161, 165, 176, 267, 268 systematics, 242–4 Equus bautistensis, 679 Euarchontoglires, 130, 151, 165, 267, 268 Eurhinodelphinidae, 515, 518, 568, 571, 596, Equus conversidens, 679 Eubrontotherium, 668, 669, 670 597 Equus cumminisi, 679 Eubrontotherium clarnoensis, 670 Eurhinodelphis, 510, 568, 573 Equus fraternus, 679 Eucastor, 281, 287, 393, 393, 399, 400, 401, 402 Eurhinodelphis ashbyi, 573 Equus giganteus, 679 Eucastor dividerus, 400 Eurhinodelphis bossi, 573 Equus (Hemionus), 679 Eucastor lecontei, 400 Eurhinodelphis cocheteuxi, 571 Equus (Hemionus) calobatus, 679 Eucastor malheurensis, 400 Eurhinodelphis cristatus, 573 Equus leidyi, 679 Eucastor phillisi, 392, 400 Eurhinodelphis extensus, 571 Equus (Plesippus), 679 Eucastor planus, 400 Eurhinodelphis morrisi, 573 Equus (Plesippus) idahoensis, 679 Eucastor tedi, 400 Eurhinodelphis vaughni, 573 Equus (Plesippus) enormis, 679 Eucastor tortus, 399, 400 Eurhinodelphis whitmorei, 573

Index 772

Eurotamandua, 115, 129 Franimys buccatus, 318 Geomys pinetis, 445 Euroxenomys, 281, 283, 393, 399, 401, 402 Franimys lysitensis, 318 Geomys scalops, 445 Euroxenomys inconnexus, 399 Furipteridae, 178, 179 Georgiacetus, 509, 510, 514, 515, 559, 559, 560, Euroxenomys minutum, 399 563, 564 Euroxenomys wilsoni, 399 Gaillardia, 58, 59, 60, 91, 93, 102, 120 Georgiacetus vogtlensis, 560 Euryacodon, 244, 247 Gaillardia thompsoni, 90, 102 Geringia, 285, 460, 464, 475 Eurymylidae, 268, 268 Gaillardiinae, 102, 120 Geringia gloveri, 464 Eusmilus, 654 Galbreathia, 281, 380, 385, 387 Geringia mcgregori, 457, 464 Eusmilus cerebralis, 654 Galbreathia bettae, 385 Gidleumys, 409 Eutamias, 362, 364, 372 Galbreathia novellus, 379, 385 Gigantocamelus, 663 Eutamias ateles, 362 Galecyon, 649 Gigantocamelus spatula, 663 Eutamias malloryi, 364 Galeopithecidae, 200 Gillisoncus, 657 Eutypomyidae, 270, 272, 274, 281, 328, 392, Galeopterus, 164 Gillisoncus gillianus, 657 393, 393, 402 Galeopterus variegatus, 164 Gingerichia, 656 Eutypomys, 278, 281, 392, 393, 394, Galericinae, 58, 93, 94 Gingerichia geoteretes, 656 402 Galericini, 93 Gingerichia hystrix, 656 Eutypomys acares, 394 Galushaceras, 682, 683, 685 Glasbius, 13, 44, 45 Eutypomys hybernodus, 394 Galushaceras levellorum, 682 Glasbius twitchelli,44 Eutypomys inexpectatus, 394 Galushamyini, 288, 460, 466, 470 Glires, 263, 267, 268, 268, 295 Eutypomys montanensis, 394 Galushamys, 288, 460, 466, 470 Gliridae, 270, 271, 271, 273, 274, 321, 357, 416 Eutypomys obliquidens, 394 Galushamys redingtonensis, 466 Gliromorpha, 270, 271 Eutypomys parvus, 394 Gardnerbuttean, 4 Gliroidea, 270, 313, 459 Eutypomys thomsoni, 392, 394 Gaviacetus, 559, 564 Globicephala, 515, 592, 593, 599 Eutypomys tilliei, 394 Gazinius, 169, 243, 247, 254, 255 Globicephala melas, 592 Exmus, 313, 314, 314 Gazinius ampulus, 247 Globicephalinae, 592 Exmus mini, 313 Gazinius bowni, 247 Glossophaginae, 180 Gelastops, 53, 67, 70, 76 Glossotherium, 132, 133, 152, 155, 156, 157 Fanimus, 283, 430, 434, 447 Gelastops joni,70 Glossotherium chapadmalense, 149, 155, Fanimus clasoni, 434 Gelastops parcus,70 157, 158 Fanimus ultimus, 434 Gentilicamelus, 663 Glossotherium garbanii, 155 Felidae, 655 Geolabididae, 54, 55, 57, 59, 92, 105, 118 Glossotherium robustus, 155 Felis, 655 Geolabidinae, 105 Glyphonycterinae, 180 Felsinotherium, 634 Geolabis, 105 Glyptodonta, 151, 152 Feresa, 592 Geolabis rhynchaeus, 105 Glyptodontidae, 132, 151, 152, 156 Fiber, 485 Geolabis wolffi, 105 Glyptotherium, 132, 133, 150, 151, 152, 152, Fiber zibethicus, 485 Geomorpha, 270, 272, 282, 283, 288, 327, 416, 156, 157 Florentiamyidae, 270, 272, 283, 428, 430, 430, 423, 425, 428, 429, 430, 430, 431, 432, Glyptotherium arizonae, 148, 150, 151, 157 433, 447 446, 447 Glyptotherium cylindricum, 152 Florentiamys, 283, 430, 432, 433, 447 biology and evolutionary patterns, 446–50 Glyptotherium floridanum, 152, Florentiamys agnewi, 433 defining features, 428 157 Florentiamys kennethi, 433 systematics, 428–31 Glyptotherium mexicanum, 152 Florentiamys kingi, 433 Geomyidae, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 283, 288, Glyptotherium texanum, 148, 151 Florentiamys kinseyi, 434 357, 428, 430, 430, 442, 449 Gnathobelodon, 685 Florentiamys loomisi, 433 Geomyina, 428, 430, 432 Gnathobelodon thorpei, 685 Florentiamys lulli, 432 Geomyinae, 283, 288, 444, 449 Gnomomys, 470 Florentiamys tiptoni, 434 Geomyini, 442 Gnomomys saltus, 471 Floresomys, 278, 283, 329, 431, 447 Geomyoidea, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 283, 288, Gobiconodon,8 Floresomys guanajuatoensis, 431, 313, 327, 328, 428, 430, 431, 432, Gomphotaria, 512, 517, 534, 539 432 434, 447 Gomphotaria pugnax, 525, 534, 537 Floridaceras, 682, 683, 685 Geomys, 283, 288, 350, 430, 445, 449, 451 Gomphotheriidae, 686 Floridaceras whitei, 682 Geomys (Geomys), 446 Gomphotherium, 685, 686 Floridachoerus, 659 Geomys (Geomys) adamsi, 446, 451 Gomphotherium productum, 686 Floridachoerus olseni, 659 Geomys (Geomys) caranzai, 446 Gondwanatheria, 7 Forstercooperia, 680 Geomys (Geomys) garbanii, 446 Goniodelphis, 515, 586, 599 Forstercooperia grandis, 681 Geomys (Geomys) pinetis, 446 Goniodelphis hudsoni, 587 Fossorcastor, 281, 393, 393, 398, 402 Geomys (Geomys) quinni, 446, 451 Goniodontomys, 288, 459, 460, 467, 475, 482, Fossorcastor brachyceps, 398 Geomys (Geomys) tobinensis, 446 492 Fossorcastor greeni, 398 Geomys (Nerterogeomys), 446 Goniodontomys disjunctus, 467 Fractinus, 13, 14, 23, 31, 33 Geomys (Nerterogeomys) anzensis, 446 Gramineae, 629 Fractinus palmorum, 31, 32 Geomys (Nerterogeomys) minor, 446, 451 Grampus, 592 Franimorpha, 328 Geomys (Nerterogeomys) paenebursarius, Grangerimus, 434, 438, 443 Franimys, 277, 277, 314, 317, 322, 446 Grangerimus dakotensis, 434 323 Geomys (Nerterogeomys) persimilis, 446 Grangerimus harkensi, 439 Franimys ambos, 318 Geomys (Nerterogeomys) smithi, 446, 451 Grangerimus oregonensis, 443 Franimys amherstensis, 317, 318 Geomys jacobi, 446, 451 Grangerimus selardsi, 443

Index 773

Graphiodon, 515, 595, 598 Haplomys galbreathi, 382 Hesperhys, 659 Graphiodon vinearius, 595 Haplomys liolophus, 382 Hesperocetus, 595 Gregorymys, 282, 283, 430, 442, 449 Haramiyida, 7, 10 Hesperocetus californicus, 595 Gregorymys curtus, 443 Harpagolestes, 657 Hesperocyon, 647, 649 Gregorymys douglassi, 443 Harpyionycteris, 10, 164 Hesperocyon gregarius, 649, 651 Gregorymys formosus, 442, 443 Harrymys, 279, 283, 430, 435, 447 Hesperocyon leptodus, 647 Gregorymys kayi, 443 Harrymys canadensis, 435 Hesperocyon pavidus, 647 Gregorymys larsoni, 443 Harrymys irvini, 435 Hesperocyoninae, 647 Gregorymys riggsi, 443 Harrymys magnus, 435 Hesperogaulus, 281, 287, 380, 386, 387 Gregorymys riograndensis, 443 Harrymys maximus, 435 Hesperogaulus gazini, 386 Gripholagomys, 286, 296, 305, 307 Harrymys woodi, 435 Hesperogaulus wilsoni, 386 Gripholagomys lavocati, 305 Hassianycteridae, 179 Hesperolagomys, 289, 296, 304, 306, 307 Griphomys, 278, 283, 430, 431, 447 Hassianycteris, 178 Hesperolagomys ﬂuviatilis, 304 Griphomys alecer, 431 Haughton Astrobleme rhino, 683, 684, 685 Hesperolagomys galbreathi, 304 Griphomys toltecus, 431 Helaletes, 680 Hesperolemur, 169, 240, 242, 244, 253, 256, 257 Gryphoca, 512, 517, 545, 546, 553 Helaletes nanus, 681 Hesperolemur actius, 253 Gryphoca similis, 545, 546 Heliscomyidae, 273, 283, 428, 430, 430, 432, Hesperomyinae, 460 Grypolithax, 589 447 Hesperomyini, 460 Grypolithax pavida, 589 Heliscomys, 283, 430, 433, 434, 447 Hesperomys, 462, 468, 469 Guanajuatomys, 276, 278, 328, 500, 501, Heliscomys gregoryi, 433 Hesperomys loxodon, 468 503, 504 Heliscomys hatcheri, 433 Hesperomys nematodon, 462 Guanajuatomys hibbardi, 501 Heliscomys mcgrewi, 433 Hesperoscalops, 104 Guildayomys, 288, 481, 483, 489, Heliscomys ostranderi, 433 Hesperoscalops blancoensis, 104 491 Heliscomys schlaikjeri, 434 Hesperoscalops rexroadi, 104 Guildayomys hibbardi, 489 Heliscomys senex, 433 Hesperoscalops sewardensis, 104 Gulfoceras, 683, 684, 685 Heliscomys tenuiceps, 433 Hesperosiren, 634 Gulfoceras westfalli, 684 Heliscomys vetus, 433 Hesperosorex, 59, 60, 93, 115, 119 Gymnoptychus, 419, 420 Heliscomys woodi, 433 Hesperosorex chasseae, 115 Gymnoptychus minimus, 419 Helohyidae, 658 Hesperosorex lovei, 115 Gymnoptychus minutus, 419 Helohyus, 661 Heterogeomys, 442 Gymnoptychus trilophus, 420 Hemiacodon, 169, 241, 243, 248, 249, 255, 256 Heterohyus, 50, 78 Gypsonictopidae, 53, 84, 86,87 Hemiacodon casamissus, 248 Heteromyidae, 270, 272, 273, 274, 284, 288, Gypsonictops, 53, 84, 84, 86,87 Hemiacodon gracilis, 248 357, 408, 428, 430, 430, 436, 448 Gypsonictops hypoconus,87 Hemiauchenia, 662, 663 Heteromyinae, 270, 284, 288, 439, 448 Gypsonictops illuminatus,87 Hemiauchenia blancoensis, 662, 663 Heteropliohippus, 675, 675, 676, 678, 678 Hemiauchenia edensis, 662 Heteropliohippus hulberti, 676 Hadrodelphis, 515, 588, 599 Hemiauchenia gracilis, 662 Heterosorex, 113 Hadrodelphis calvertense, 588 Hemiauchenia macrocephala, 662, 663 Heterosorex roperi, 113 Hainina,34 Hemiauchenia minima, 663 Heterosoricinae, 59, 93, 113, 119 Halianassa, 634 Hemiauchenia vera, 662, 663 Heterotitanops, 669 Halicetus, 615, 623 Hemipsalodon, 646 Heterotitanops parvus, 669, 672 Halicetus ignotus, 615 Hendryomeryx, 664 Hexacodus, 658 Halichoerus, 512, 545, 546 Hendryomeryx defordi, 664 Hexaprotodon, 509 Halichoerus similis, 545 Heosminthus, 456 Hexobelomeryx, 665 Halitheriinae, 518, 518, 634, 636 Heptacodon, 659 Hexobelomeryx fricki, 665 Halitherium, 518, 518, 632, 634, 636 Heptodon, 680 Hibbarderix, 112 Halitherium alleni, 634 Herpetocetus, 516, 612, 613, 623 Hibbarderix obfuscatus, 112 Halitherium antillense, 634 Herpetocetus scaldiensis, 612 Hibbardomys, 288, 481, 483, 485, 491 Halitherium olseni, 635 Herpetocetus sendaicus, 596 Hibbardomys fayae, 485 Halitherium schinzii, 634 Herpetotheriinae, 11, 14, 15, 41, 41, 45 Hibbardomys marthae, 485 Hallicetus, 516 Herpetotherium, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 40, 41, 41, Hibbardomys skinneri, 485 Haplaletes, 657 42, 44, 45, 105 Hibbardomys voorhiesi, 485 Haplaletes disceptatrix, 657 Herpetotherium comstocki,42 Hibbardomys zakrewskii, 485 Hapalodectes, 509, 657 Herpetotherium edwardi,42 Himalyacetus, 564 Hapalodectes serior, 656 Herpetotherium fugax, 40, 42, 44 Hipparion, 672, 675, 678, 679 Hapalorestes, 657 Herpetotherium hunti,44 Hipparion shirleyae, 672 Hapalorestes lovei, 657 Herpetotherium knighti,42 Hipparion tehonense, 672, 677 Haplacodon, 672 Herpetotherium marginale, 105 Hipparionini, 675, 676, 678, 679 Haplacodon angustigenis, 672 Herpetotherium marsupium,42 Hippidion, 675, 676, 679 Haplohippus, 674, 677 Herpetotherium merriami,42 Hippomorpha, 666 Haplomylus, 72, 281, 380, 387, 656 Herpetotherium scalare,42 Hippopotamidae, 509, 510, 511, 558 Haplomylus palustris, 657 Herpetotherium stevensonii,43 Hippopotamus, 509, 510, 559, 634 Haplomylus speirianus, 657 Herpetotherium tricuspis,42 Hippopotamus medius, 634 Haplomys, 382, 388 Herpetotherium valens,42 Hipposidevinae, 178 Haplomys arboraptus, 382 Herpetotherium youngi,42 Hipposyus, 252

Index 774

Histiotus, 186 Hypisodus, 663 Ictops,85 Histriophoca, 512, 546 Hypisodus minimus, 663 Ictops bicuspis,85 Hitonkala, 283, 430, 434, 447 Hypohippus, 672, 674, 678 Idionycteris, 191 Hitonkala andersntau, 50, 434 Hypohippus affinus, 676 Idiophyseter, 515, 576, 597 Hitonkala macdonaldtau, 434 Hypohippus osborni, 676 Idiophyseter merriami, 576 Holmesina,4,132, 133, 149, 150, 152, 152, 156, Hypolagus, 282, 284, 286, 289, 297, 300, 305, Ignacius, 166, 168, 209, 218, 219, 230 157, 158 306, 307, 372 Ignacius fremontensis, 210, 219 Holmesina floridanus, 148, 153 Hypolagus apachensis, 301 Ignacius frugivorus, 219 Holmesina septontrionalis, 148, 150, 152, 153 Hypolagus arizonensis, 300 Ignacius graybullianus, 210, 219 Holotheria, 7 Hypolagus edensis, 300 Ignacius mcgrewi, 219 Homacodon, 658 Hypolagus fontinalis, 300 Imagotaria, 512, 517, 532, 537, 539 Homiphoca, 512, 517, 546, 552, 553 Hypolagus furlongi, 300 Imagotaria downsi, 532, 537 Homiphoca capensis, 552 Hypolagus gidleyi, 300 Imagotariinae, 517, 523, 524, 527, 539 Homocamelus, 662 Hypolagus limnetus, 300 Indopacetus, 578 Homogalax, 680 Hypolagus oregonensis, 300 Indrodon, 203 Homogalax protapirinus, 681 Hypolagus parviplicatus, 300 Indrodon malaris, 203 Homotherium, 655 Hypolagus regalis, 300 Ingentisorex, 59, 93, 113, 119 Honrovits, 168, 170, 181, 192, 288 Hypolagus ringoldensis, 300 Ingentisorex tumididens, 90, 113 Honrovits tsuwape, 181, 189 Hypolagus tedfordi, 294, 300 Inia, 510, 568, 580 Hoplophoneini, 654 Hypolagus vetus, 300 Inia geoffrensis, 586 Hoplophoneus, 654 Hypolagus voorhiesi, 300 Iniidae, 515, 518, 567, 586, 599 Hoplophoneus primaevus, 654 Hypsiops, 660 Insectivora, 49, 52, 68, 91, 151, 189, 211, 223, Horatiomys, 384 Hypsiops bannackensis, 660 509 Horiatomys montanus, 384 Hypsiops breviceps, 660 Intyrictis, 646 Horolodectes, 657 Hypsiops latidens, 660 Intyrictis vanvaleni, 646 Horolodectes sunae, 657 Hypsiprymnodon,32 Isacis,85 Huerfanius, 249 Hypsoparia, 653 Isacus,85 Hulgana, 351 Hypsoparia bozemanensis, 653 Ischyrocyon, 654 Hyaenidae, 655 Hypsoparia timmi, 653 Ischyrocyon gidleyi, 654 Hyaenodon, 645 Hyrachus, 680 Ischyromyidae, 270, 272, 274, 277, 311, 313, Hyaenodon criciens, 646 Hyrachus modestus, 681 314, 315, 322, 327, 340, 357 Hyaenodon microdon, 646 Hyracodon, 681 biology and evolutionary patterns, 321–4 Hyaenodontidae, 645, 646 Hyracodon eximus, 681 defining features, 311–12 Hydrarctos, 512 Hyracodon priscidens, 681 systematics, 313–15 Hydrochaeridae, 270, 287, 502, 504 Hyracodontidae, 680, 681 Ischyromyiformes, 313 Hydrochaeris, 287, 503, 504, 505 Hyracoidea, 151, 513 Ischyromyinae, 277, 320, 322, 323, 340 Hydrochaeris homesi, 503 Hyracotheriinae, 674, 677 Ischyromyoidea, 270, 272, 340, 357 Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, 264, 503 Hyracotherium, 666, 673, 674, 676, Ischyromys, 277, 279, 314, 315, 320, 322, 339, Hydrochaeris pinckneyi, 503 677 340 Hydrocharitaceae, 629 Hyracotherium craspedotum, 673 Ischyromys blacki, 320 Hydrodamalinae, 518, 518, 632, 634, 636 Hyracotherium cristatum, 253, 673 Ischyromys douglassi, 320 Hydrodamalis, 518, 519, 632, 634, 636 Hyracotherium leporinum, 673 Ischyromys junctus, 320 Hydrodamalis cuestae, 635 Hyracotherium seekinsi, 673 Ischyromys parvidens, 320 Hydrodamalis gigas, 519, 634, 635 Hyracotherium tapirinum, 673 Ischyromys pliacus, 320 Hydroscapheus, 102 Hyracotherium vacacciense, 673 Ischyromys typus, 320 Hydroscapheus americanus, 102 Hystricidae, 270, 271, 502 Ischyromys veterior, 320, 321 Hydrurga, 512, 543, 544, 551 Hystricognathi, 269, 271, 271, 273, 274, 328, Ischyrotomus, 315, 317, 321 Hyopsodontidae, 72 498, 501, 502, 504 Ischyrotomus eugini, 317, 321 Hyopsodus, 252, 656 Hystricognatha, 271 Ischyrotomus horribilus, 317 Hyopsodus fastigatus, 657 Hystricoidea, 270 Ischyrotomus oweni, 317 Hyopsodus gracilis, 252 Hystricomorpha, 269, 270, 271, 273 Ischyrotomus petersoni, 317, 321 Hyopsodus minusculus, 656, 657 Hystricops, 281, 287, 393, 393, 396, 402 Ischyrotomus superbus, 317 Hyopsodus miticulus, 657 Hystricops browni, 396 Isectolophidae, 666 Hyopsodus paulus, 656, 657 Hystricops venustus, 396 Isectolophus, 680 Hyopsodus simplex, 657 Hystrix, 396, 501, 502 Isectolophus annectens, 681 Hyopsodus uintensis, 657 Hystrix dorsata, 502 Isocetus, 516, 615, 623 Hyopsodus wortmani, 657 Hystrix suevicus, 395 Isocetus depauwii, 615 Hypacodon, 105 Isocetus siphunculus, 615 Hypacodon praecursor, 105 Ibarus, 658 Ivanantonia, 329 Hyperoodon, 578 Icaronycteridae, 179, 180, 188, 192 Ivanantoniidae, 340 Hypertragulidae, 664 Icaronycteris, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171, 176, 178, Ixacanthus, 515, 595, 598 Hypertragulus, 664 179, 180, 187, 188, 189, 192 Ixacanthus atropius, 595 Hypertragulus heikeni, 663 Icaronycteris index, 180, 190 Ixacanthus coelospondylus, 595 Hypictops,85 Ichthyomyinae, 456 Ixacanthus conradi, 595 Hypictops syntaphus,85 Ictidops,85 Ixacanthus stenus, 595

Index 775

Jacobsomys, 288, 460, 473, 475 Kogiidae, 515, 567, 573, 597 Leidymys korthi, 462 Jacobsomys verdensis, 473 Kogiopsis, 515, 576, 597 Leidymys lockingtonianus, 457, 462 Janimus, 278, 348, 394, 402 Kogiopsis floridana, 576 Leidymys montanus, 462 Janimus dawsonae, 394 Koniaryctes, 57, 92, 111, 118 Leidymys nematodon, 462 Janimus mirus, 394 Koniaryctes paulus, 111 Leidymys parvus, 462 Janimus rhinophilus, 394 Korthomys, 284, 430, 437, 448 Leidymys woodi, 462 Javazapus, 287, 408, 411, 413 Korthomys formicarum, 437 Leidyotherium, 672 Javazapus weeksi, 411 Kraglievichia, 152 Leipsanolestes, 55, 57, 92, 94,97 Jaywilsonomyinae, 276, 293, 340, 341, 349, 351 Kraglievichia paranensis, 153 Leipsanolestes siegfriedti,97 Jaywilsonomys, 276, 336, 339, 340, 341, 344, Kraglievichia septentrionalis, 152 Leipsanolestes simpsoni,97 349, 350, 351 Krauseia, 13, 14, 23, 23, 26, 33 Lemminae, 288, 489, 491 Jaywilsonomys ojinagaensis, 336, 338, 344 Krauseia clemensi,26 Lemmini, 270 Jaywilsonomys pintoensis, 344 Kronokotherium, 518, 519, 642, 643 Lemmiscus, 483 Jemezius, 169, 243, 251, 255, 256 Kronokotherium brevimaxillare, 642 Lemmus, 483, 494 Jemezius szalayi, 251, 254 Kueneotherium, 11 Lemoynea, 60, 93, 102, 120 Jepsenella, 53, 67, 74, 76 Kulbeckia,84 Lemoynea biradicularis, 102, 103 Jepsenella major,74 Kulbeckiidae, 84 Lemur, 242 Jepsenella praepropera,74 Kyptoceras, 661 Lepoides, 289, 300, 307 Jimomyidae, 272, 283, 430, 430, 432, 447 Kyptoceras amatorum, 661, 662 Lepoides lepoides, 300 Jimomys, 283, 430, 432, 447 Leporidae, 286, 289, 293, 294, 295, 296, 305, Jimomys labaughi, 432 Labidolemur, 50, 53, 56, 67, 74, 76,78 306, 307 Jimomys lulli, 432 Labidolemur kayi, 64,74 Leporinae, 286, 289, 296, 301, 307 Juxia, 680 Labidolemur major,74 Leptacodon, 54, 55, 57, 92, 97, 98, 106, 107, Labidolemur serus,74 118, 121 Kalobatippus, 672, 674, 678 Labidolemur soricoides,74 Leptacodon catulus, 107, 108 Kalobatippus agatensis, 676 Lagenodelphis, 592 Leptacodon jepseni, 97, 107 Kalobatippus avus, 672 Lagenorhynchus, 515, 592, 593, 599 Leptacodon ladae,98 Kalobatippus clarencei, 673, 676 Lagenorhynchus acutus, 593 Leptacodon munusculum, 107, 108 Kalobatippus navasotae, 673 Lagenorhynchus albirostris, 593 Leptacodon packi, 98, 107, 108 Kalotermes, 158 Lagomorpha, 151, 263, 267, 268, 268, 286, 293, Leptacodon proserpinae, 108 Kampholophos, 515, 588, 599 295, 296, 307 Leptacodon rosei, 90, 107, 108, 121 Kampholophos serrulus, 588 biology and evolutionary patterns, 305–6 Leptacodon tener, 107, 108 Kansasimys, 287, 417, 417, 422, 424 defining features, 293–4 Leptarctus, 652, 653 Kansasimys dubius, 422 systematics, 277 Leptarctus desuii, 652 Karstala, 170, 184, 188, 190, 192 Lagopsis, 296 Leptarctus kansasensis, 652 Karstala silva, 177, 184, 190 Lainoryctes, 53, 66, 67, 69, 76 Leptarctus martini, 652 Kekenodon, 516 Lainoryctes youzwyshyni,69 Leptarctus primus, 653 Kekenodon onamata, 608 Lambdoceras, 662 Leptarctus supremus, 652 Kentriodon, 510, 515, 568, 589, 599 Lambdopsalis, 22, 24, 34 Leptarctus webbi, 652 Kentriodon obscurus, 589 Lambdotherium, 666 Leptarctus wortmani, 652 Kentriodon pernix, 567, 589 Lambdotherium popogaicum, 666, 668 Leptauchenia, 660 Kentriodontidae, 515, 518, 567, 587, 599 Laminariales, 629 Leptauchenia platyceps, 660, 661 Kentriodontinae, 587 Lamprolithax, 515, 584, 599 Leptauchiniinae, 659, 660 Kentrogomphios, 108 Lamprolithax annectens, 584 Leptictida, 49, 50, 53, 63, 82, 84, 84, 86,87 Kentrogomphios strophensis, 110 Lamprolithax simulans, 584 biology and evolutionary patterns, 53–4, 87 Kerivoulinae, 178 Lantanotherium, 58, 60, 92, 94,95 defining features, 82–4, 443 Kimbetohia, 13, 13, 14, 23, 25, 33 Lantanotherium dehmi,95 systematics, 52–3, 84 Kimbetohia campi,25 Lantanotherium sansaniense,95 Leptictidae, 53, 56, 58, 84, 84, 86, 87, 91 Kimbetohia mziae,25 Lantanotherium sawini,95 Leptictis, 51, 54, 56, 56, 58, 82, 84, 84, 85, 86, Kirkomys, 283, 430, 434, 447 Laredomyidae, 271, 272, 274, 276, 278, 499, 504 87 Kirkomys milleri, 434 Laredomys, 276, 278, 499, 500, 503, 504 Leptictis acutidens,85 Kirkomys schlaikjeri, 434 Laredomys riograndensis, 500 Leptictis bullatus,85 Kislangia, 485 Lasionycteris, 170, 186, 188, 190 Leptictis caniculus,85 Knightomys, 276, 314, 314, 315, 326, 328, 332, Lasionycteris noctivagans, 186, 192 Leptictis dakotensis, 83,85 329, 330, 331 Lasiurus, 170, 185, 188, 190, 192 Leptictis douglassi, 83,85 Knightomys cremneus, 330 Lasiurus blossevillii, 185, 192 Leptictis haydeni, 73, 85 Knightomys cuspidatus, 330 Lasiurus borealis, 185, 192 Leptictis intermedius,85 Knightomys depressus, 330 Lasiurus cineras, 175, 177 Leptictis major,85 Knightomys huerfanensis, 330 Lasiurus fossilis, 185 Leptictis montanus,85 Knightomys minor, 330 Laurasiatheria, 130, 151, 166, 176, 267 Leptictis tenuis,85 Knightomys reginensis, 330 Leidymys, 282, 285, 457, 458, 460, 461, 462, 475 Leptictis thompsoni,85 Knightomys senior, 330 Leidymys alicae, 462 Leptictis wilsoni, 83,85 Kogaionon,19 Leidymys blacki, 462 Leptictomorpha, 84 Kogia, 510, 515, 568, 574, 597 Leidymys cerasus, 462 Leptochoerus, 658 Kogia breviceps, 574 Leidymys eliensis, 462 Leptocyon, 651

Index 776

Leptodontomys, 282, 283, 286, 287, 417, 417, Limnohyops priscus, 670 Lophiodontidae, 666 420, 421, 424 Limnohyops robustus, 670 Lophiohyus, 661 Leptodontomys oregonensis, 421 Limnotherium, 215, 252 Lophiparamys, 277, 312, 314, 319, 322 Leptomeryx, 664 Limnotherium elegans, 215 Lophiparamys debequensis, 319 Leptomeryx blacki, 663 Liodontia, 281, 287, 380, 383, 387 Lophiparamys murinus, 319 Leptomeryx evansi, 664 Liodontia alexandrae, 383 Lophiparamys woodi, 319 Leptomeryx speciosus, 664 Liodontia furlongi, 383 Lophocetus, 515, 589, 599 Leptomeryx yoderi, 664 Liolithax, 515, 589, 599 Lophocetus calvertensis, 589 Leptonychotes, 512, 544, 546, 551 Liolithax kernensis, 589 Lophocetus repenningi, 589 Leptonychotes weddelli, 544 Liolithax pappus, 589 Lophodontomorpha, 666 Leptonycteris, 191 Liomys, 441 Lophomyinae, 460 Leptonysson, 53, 84, 86,87 Liomys centralis, 441 Lophostoma, 191 Leptonysson basiliscus,87 Liomys kansensis, 441 Loupomys, 288, 481, 490, 491 Leptophoca, 512, 517, 546, 547, 553 Liotomus,23 Loupomys monahani, 490 Leptophoca lenis, 547 Lipotes, 510, 568, 580 Loveina, 169, 243, 249, 250, 251, 255 Leptoreodon, 661 Lipotes vexillifer, 520, 523, 585 Loveina minuta, 249 Leptoreodon golzi, 661 Lipotidae, 515, 518, 567, 585, 599 Loveina sheai, 249 Leptoreodon major, 662 Lipotyphla, 49, 50, 55, 58, 59, 63, 66, 82, 89, 92, Loveina wapitiensis, 249 Leptoreodon marshi, 661 116 Loveina zephyri, 249 Leptoromys, 281, 380, 380, 387 biology and evolutionary patterns, 53–4, Loxolithax, 515, 591, 599 Leptoromys wilsoni, 380 117–21 Loxolithax sinuosa, 591 Leptotomus, 277, 316, 317, 320, 322, 330, 339 deﬁning features, 89–91 Loxolithax stocktoni, 591 Leptotomus costilloi, 316 systematics, 52–3, 91–2 Loxolophus, 656 Leptotomus fricki, 317 Lissodelphininae, 592 Loxolophus faulkneri, 656 Leptotomus grandis, 316 Lissodelphis, 592 Loxolophus hyattianus, 657 Leptotomus huerfanensis, 316 Litaletes, 657 Loxolophus priscus, 657 Leptotomus kayi, 320 Litaletes manitiensis, 657 Loxolophus schizophrenus, 657 Leptotomus robustus, 320 Litocherus, 54, 55, 92, 94,97 Lushilagus, 295 Leptotomus tapensis, 317 Litocherus lacunatus,97 Lutra, 50, 546 Leptotragulinae, 662 Litocherus notissimus,97 Lutra canadensis, 545, 653 Leptotragulus, 661 Litocherus zygeus, 90,97 Lynx, 655 Leptotragulus proavus, 662 Litocranius, 664 Lynx rexroadensis, 655 Leptotragulus profectus, 662 Litocranius walleri, 664 Lynx rufus, 655 Lepus, 289, 301, 303, 305, 306, 307 Litolagus, 286, 297, 299, 307 Lynx stouti, 655 Lepus alleni, 264 Litolagus milidens, 299 Lepus annectens, 301 Litolestes, 55, 92, 94, 96, 97 Machaeromeryx, 664 Lepus arcticus, 264 Litolestes ignotus,96 Machaeromeryx gilcristensis, 664 Lepus daurica, 305 Litolestes lacunatus,97 Machaeromeryx tragulus, 664 Lepus ennisianus, 299 Litomylus, 657 Machairodus, 642, 655 Lepus sylvaticus, 302 Litomylus dissentaneus, 657 Machairodus coloradensis, 655 Lepus vetus, 300 Litomylus scapheus, 657 Macocolus, 441 Leurocephalus, 671 Litotherium, 227 Macrocranion, 56, 57, 92, 94, 96, 100, 107 Leurocephalus cultridens, 671 Litotherium complicatum, 228 Macrocranion junnei, 90, 100 Lignimus, 283, 284, 288, 430, 435, 436, 447 Litoyoderimys, 279, 417, 418, 424 Macrocranion nitens, 100 Lignimus austridakotensis, 436 Litoyoderimys auogoleus, 418 Macrocranion robinsoni, 100, 108 Lignimus hibbardi, 435 Litoyoderimys lustrorum, 418 Macrocranion tupaiodon, 100 Lignimus montis, 436 Llamini, 663 Macrodelphinus, 515, 572, 597 Lignimus transversus, 436 Llanocetidae, 607, 610 Macrodelphinus kelloggi, 572 Limaconyssus, 54, 55, 92, 108, 109, 118 Llanocetus, 508 Macrogeomys, 442 Limaconyssus habrus, 107, 109 Llanocetus denticrenatus, 508, 514, 607, Macrognathomys, 282, 283, 287, 408, 410, 412, Limnetes, 661 608 413 Limnetes anceps, 660 Lobodon, 512, 543, 544, 551 Macrognathomys gemmacollis, 410 Limnetes platyceps, 660 Lobodon carcinophagus, 537 Macrognathomys nanus, 410 Limnocyon, 645, 646 Lobodontinae, 544 Macrokentriodon, 515, 589, 599 Limnocyon cuspidens, 645 Lobodontini, 553, 551 Macrokentriodon morani, 589, 590 Limnocyon verus, 645 Lonchodelphis, 515, 595, 598 Macrophoca, 584 Limnoecinae, 59, 60, 93, 114, 119 Lonchodelphis occiduus, 595 Macrophoca atlanticus, 584 Limnoecine, new genus, 59, 114, 119 Lonchophyllinae, 180 Macroscelidea, 161, 267, 268 Limnoecus, 57, 58, 59, 60, 93, 114, 119 Lonchorhininae, 180 Macroscelididae, 82, 89 Limnoecus niobrarensis, 114 Longirostromeryx, 664 Macrotarsiini, 243 Limnoecus tricuspis, 114 Longirostromeryx clarendonensis, 664 Macrotarsius, 169, 243, 249, 255, 256, 258 Limnohyops, 670 Longirostromeryx novomexicanus, 664 Macrotarsius jepseni, 249 Limnohyops laticeps, 670 Longirostromeryx wellsi, 664 Macrotarsius montanus, 249 Limnohyops matthewi, 670 Lontra,50 Macrotarsius roederi, 249 Limnohyops monoconus, 670 Lophialetes, 680 Macrotarsius siegerti, 249

Index 777

Macrotinae, 180 Mckennatherium,97 Megatherium, 127, 154 Macrotus, 191 Mckennatherium libitum,97 Megatherium jeffersonii, 154 Mahgarita, 169, 244, 254, 257 Mediochoerus, 660 Megatherium laurillardi, 154 Mahgarita stevensi, 254 Megaceratops, 672 Megatylopus, 662, 663 Maiorana, 657 Megaceratops acer, 672 Megatylopus matthewi, 662 Maiorana ferrisensis, 657 Megaceratops heloceras, 672 Megopterna, 223 Malaquiferus, 661 Megacerops, 666, 667, 668, 670 Megopterna minuta, 223 Mammalodontidae, 516, 607, 610 Megacerops acer, 672 Megoreodon, 660 Mammut, 685 Megacerops angustidens, 672 Megoreodon grandis, 660 Mammut americanum, 685, 686 Megacerops assinboiensis, 672 Melaniella, 131, 132, 142, 143 Mammut hayi, 686 Megacerops bicornutus, 672 Melaniella timosa, 142 Mammut raki, 686 Megacerops brachycephalus, 672 Meliakrouniomys, 283, 431, 447 Mammuthus, 686 Megacerops bucco, 672 Meliakrouniomys skinneri, 431 Mammuthus imperator, 686 Megacerops coloradensis, 670, 672 Meliakrouniomys wilsoni, 431 Mammutidae, 685 Megacerops copei, 672 Meniscoessus,24 Manati, 634 Megacerops curtus, 672 Meniscomyinae, 281, 378, 383, 387 Manati gigas, 634 Megacerops kuwagatarhinus, 670, 672 Meniscomys, 281, 380, 382, 384, 387 Manidae, 131, 143, 144 Megacerops marshi, 672 Meniscomys cavatus, 382 Manis, 127, 129 Megacerops platyceras, 672 Meniscomys editus, 384 Manitshini, 317 Megacerops riggsi, 672 Meniscomys hippodus, 384 Manteoceras, 669 Megacerops syceras, 672 Meniscomys liolophus, 382 Manteoceras foris, 669, 672 Megacerops tyleri, 672 Meniscomys milleri, 384 Manteoceras manteoceras, 669, 671 Megachiroptera, 176, 178, 179, 189 Meniscomys uhtoffi, 384 Manteoceras pratensis, 669, 672 Megachiropteramorpha, 179, 189 Meniscotherium, 658 Manteoceras uintensis, 671 Megacricetodontini, 285, 288, 470 Meniscotherium chamensie, 658 Manteoceras vallidens, 672 Megadelphus, 168, 215, 229, 230 Meniscotherium tapiacitum, 658 Manteoceras washakiensis, 669, 671 Megadelphus lundeliusi, 209, 215 Menoceras, 682, 683, 684, 685 Mantisha, 275, 277, 279, 311, 314, 317, 321, 322 Megadermatidae, 178, 179 Menoceras arikarense, 682 Mantisha johanniculi, 317 Megahippus, 674, 676, 678 Menoceras barbouri, 682, 684 Mantisha tanka, 317 Megahippus matthewi, 676 Menoceratinae, 683, 685 Marfilomys, 276, 278, 328, 501, 503, 504 Megahippus mckennai, 676 Menodus, 672 Marfilomys aewoodi, 501 Megalaginae, 296 Menodus angustidens, 672 Marmota, 274, 280, 287, 323, 357, 358, 359, Megalagus, 282, 286, 296, 297, 298, 306, Menodus bakeri, 672 367, 368, 369, 371, 373 307 Menodus cutleri, 672 Marmota arizonae, 368 Megalagus abaconis, 298 Menodus dolichoceras, 672 Marmota korthi, 368 Megalagus brachyodon, 298 Menodus giganteus, 672 Marmota monax, 356 Megalagus dawsoni, 298, 306 Menodus heloceras, 672 Marmota marmota, 367 Megalagus primitivs, 298 Menodus lambei, 672 Marmota mexicana, 369 Megalagus turgidus, 298 Menodus peltoceras, 672 Marmota minor, 368 Megalesthonyx, 655 Menodus platyceras, 672 Marmota nevadensis, 369 Megalesthonyx hopsoni, 655 Menodus prouti, 672 Marmota oregonensis, 369 Megalonychidae, 132, 151, 152, 154, 158 Menodus serotinus, 672 Marmota sawrockensis, 369 Megalonyx, 132, 133, 147, 149, 152, 154, 155, Menodus tichoceras, 672 Marmota vetus, 368 157, 158, 158 Menodus torvus, 672 Marmotinae, 359 Megalonyx curvidens, 154 Menodus varians, 672 Marmotini, 280, 287, 355, 358, 358, 359, 365, Megalonyx jeffersonii, 148, 154 Menops, 666 370, 371, 372, 373 Megalonyx leptonyx, 154 Menotyphla, 161 Marsholestes, 57, 92, 105, 118 Megalonyx leptostomus, 154 Merychippus, 675, 676, 678 Marsholestes dasypelix, 105 Megalonyx mathisi, 154 Merychippus brevidontus, 672, 677 Marsupialia, 7, 11, 11, 13, 14, 15, 39, 41, 45, 509 Megalonyx rohrmani, 154 Merychippus californicus, 672, 673, 677 biology and evolutionary patterns, 12–16, 46 Megalonyx wheateyi, 154 Merychippus carrizoensis, 673 defining features, 39 Megapeomys, 282, 283, 417, 421, 424 Merychippus goorisi, 672, 673, 677 systematics, 10–12, 39–40 Megapeomys bobwilsoni, 421, 422 Merychippus gunteri, 672, 677 Marsupicarnivora, 11, 12 Megapeomys lavocati, 421 Merychippus insignis, 672, 677 Marsupionta, 7, 11 Megaptera, 516, 620, 624 Merychippus intermontanus, 672 Martes, 653 Megaptera expansus, 622, 666 Merychippus isoneus, 673 Martinogale, 653 Megaptera longipinna, 620 Merychippus primus, 672, 673, 677 Martinogale alveodens, 653 Megaptera miocaena, 620 Merychippus quinni, 673 Martinogale faulli, 653 Megaptera novaeangliae, 608, 620 Merychippus republicanus, 672 Matthomeryx, 664 Megasminthus, 282, 408, 411, 413 Merychippus sejunctus, 673, 677 Mattimys, 278, 278, 348, 394, 402 Megasminthus gladiofex, 411 Merychippus seversus, 672 Mattimys kalicola, 394 Megasminthus tiheni, 407, 411 Merychippus sphenodus, 677 Mazama, 665 Megasorex, 115 Merychippus stylodontus, 673 Mckennamorphus, 246 Megasorex gigas, 115 Merychippus sumani, 672 Mckennamorphus ambiguus, 246 Megatheriidae, 132, 151, 152, 154, 156 Merychippus tertius, 673

Index 778

Merychyinae, 577, 660 Mesohippus propinquus, 676 Metaxytherium crataegense, 634 Merychyus, 660 Mesohippus stenolophus, 676 Metaxytherium floridanum, 630, 634 Merychyus arenrum, 660 Mesohippus texanus, 676 Metaxytherium medium, 634 Merychyus calaminthus, 660 Mesohippus westoni, 676 Metaxytherium riveroi, 634 Merychyus elegans, 660, 661 Mesomeryx, 658 Metechinus, 58, 59, 60, 92, 94,96 Merychyus elegans bluei, 660 Mesomeryx grangeri, 658 Metechinus amplior,96 Merychyus elegans smithi, 660 Mesonychia, 509, 510, 511, 656 Metechinus fergusoni,96 Merychyus medius, 661 Mesonychoidea, 657 Metechinus marslandensis,96 Merychyus medius medius, 661 Mesonyx, 657 Metechinus nevadensis,96 Merychyus minimus, 661 Mesonyx obtusidens, 657 Meterix, 112 Merychyus relictus, 660 Mesoplodon, 510, 515, 568, 578, 579, 598 Meterix latidens, 112 Merychyus verrucomalus, 660 Mesoplodon bidens, 579 Metopocetus, 516, 613, 623 Merycobunodon, 661 Mesoplodon longirostris, 579 Metopocetus durinasus, 613 Merycobunodon littoralis, 661 Mesoreodon, 659, 660 Miacis, 646 Merycochoerinae, 660 Mesoreodon chelonyx, 660 Miacis deutschi, 646 Merycochoerus, 660 Mesoreodon floridanus, 659, 661 Miacis gracilis, 646 Merycochoerus carrikeri, 660 Mesoreodon minor, 660 Miacis latidans, 646 Merycochoerus chelydra, 660 Mesoscalops, 58, 58, 59, 93, 101, 120 Miacis parvivorus, 646 Merycochoerus chelydra chelydra, 659 Mesoscalops montanensis, 101 Miacis petilus, 646 Merycochoerus matthewi, 660, 661 Mesoscalops scopelotemos, 101 Miacoidea, 646 Merycochoerus proprinus, 660 Mesotaria, 550 Michenia, 663 Merycochoerus superbus, 660 Mesotaria ambigua, 550 Michenia agatensis, 663 Merycodus, 665 Mesoteras, 516, 621, 624 Microbiotheria, 11, 12 Merycodus sabulonis, 665 Mesoteras kerrianus, 621 Microchiroptera, 176, 178, 179, 189 Merycoides, 660 Messiphoca, 550 Microchiropteramorpha, 179, 178, 189 Merycoides harrisonensis, 660 Messiphoca mauretanica, 550 Microchoerus, 256 Merycoidodon, 659, 660, 661 Metacheiromyidae, 131, 137, 138, 139, 143 Microclaenodon, 656 Merycoidodon bullatus, 660 Metacheiromys, 131, 132, 137, 138, 138, 140, Microclaenodon assurgens, 656 Merycoidodon culbertsoni, 660, 661 143 Microcosmodon, 13, 15, 24, 29, 30, 31, 33 Merycoidodon major, 660 Metacheiromys dasypus, 136, 140, 144 Microcosmodon arcuatus,30 Merycoidodon presidioensis, 659, Metacheiromys marshi, 140 Microcosmodon conus, 21,30 660 Metacheiromys osborni, 140 Microcosmodon harleyi,30 Merycoidodontidae, 660, 661 Metacheiromys tatusia, 140 Microcosmodon rosei,30 Mesacodon, 215 Metacodon, 105 Microcosmodon woodi,29 Mesacodon speciosus, 215 Metacodon magnus, 105 Microcosmodontidae, 8, 13, 21, 23, 24, 29, 33 Mesatirhinus, 667, 668, 669 Metacodon mellingeri, 105 Microcosmodontinae, 24, 549 Mesatirhinus junius, 669, 670 Metadjidaumo, 282, 417, 420, 424 Microdipodops, 281, 288, 393, 402, 442, 448 Mesatirhinus megarhinus, 669, 670 Metadjidaumo cedrus, 420 Microdipoides, 283, 393, 400 Mesatirhinus petersoni, 669, 671 Metadjidaumo hendryi, 420 Microdipoides eximius, 400 Mesatirhinus superior, 671 Metamynodon, 681 Microdipoides planus, 400 Mesocetus, 516, 615, 623 Metamynodon chadronensis, 681 Microdipoides stirtoni, 400 Mesocetus longirostris, 615 Metanoiamys, 279, 328, 350, 417, 417, 419, 424 Microeutypomys, 278, 394, 402 Mesocetus siphunculus, 615 Metanoiamys agorus, 419 Microeutypomys karenae, 394 Mesocyon, 651 Metanoiamys fantasma, 419 Microeutypomys tilliei, 394 Mesodectes,85 Metanoiamys fugitivus, 419 Micromomyidae, 166, 168, 212, 212, 216, 230 Mesodma, 13, 14, 23, 23, 27, 33 Metanoiamys korthi, 419 Micromomys, 166, 217, 218, 230 Mesodma ambigua, 21,27 Metanoiamys lacus, 419 Micromomys fremdi, 217 Mesodma formosa,27 Metanoiamys marinus, 419 Micromomys silvercouleei, 217 Mesodma garfieldensis,27 Metarhinus, 667, 668, 668, 669 Micromomys vossae, 217 Mesodma hensleighi,27 Metarhinus abbotti, 669 Micromysticetus, 510, 516, 609, 612, 623 Mesodma primaeva,27 Metarhinus cristatus, 669, 672 Micromysticetus rothauseni, 612 Mesodma pygmaea,27 Metarhinus diploconus, 669 Micromysticetus tobieni, 612 Mesodma senecta,27 Metarhinus earlei, 669, 672 Micronycterinae, 180 Mesodma thompsoni,27 Metarhinus fluviatilis, 669 Microparamyini, 319 Mesodmops,23 Metarhinus pater, 666, 669 Microparamys, 277, 277, 311, 314, 319, 322, Mesogaulinae, 379 Metarhinus riparius, 669 328, 328, 329, 330, 339, 350 Mesogaulus, 281, 379, 380, 385, 387 Metatelmatherium, 667, 668, 669 Microparamys bayi, 319 Mesogaulus ballensis, 385 Metatelmatherium cristatum, 669, 671 Microparamys cathedralis, 330 Mesogaulus novellus, 385 Metatelmatherium ultimatum, 669, 671 Microparamys cheradius, 319 Mesogaulus paniensis, 385 Metatheria, 7 Microparamys dubius, 319 Mesogaulus praecursor, 385 Metatomarctus, 648, 649, 650 Microparamys hunterae, 319, 329 Mesohippus, 672, 674, 676, 677, 678 Metatomarctus canavus, 650 Microparamys lysitensis, 319, 330 Mesohippus bairdii, 676 Metaxytherium, 518, 632, 634, 636 Microparamys minutus, 319 Mesohippus equiceps, 676 Metaxytherium arctoides, 634 Microparamys nimius, 319 Mesohippus latidens, 672 Metaxytherium calvertense, 634 Microparamys perfossus, 319

Index 779

Microparamys reginensis, 330 Mimetodon krausei,27 Miotapirus, 680 Microparamys sambucus, 319 Mimetodon silberlingi,27 Miotapirus harrisonensis, 680 Microparamys scopaiodon, 329 Mimomys, 288, 481, 483, 483, 490, 491, 492 Miotapirus marslandensis, 680 Microparamys solidus, 319 Mimomys dakotaensis, 484 Miothen, 113 Microparamys tricus, 319, 328 Mimomys monahani, 490 Miothen gracile,44 Microparamys woodi, 319 Mimomys pliocaenicus, 483 Miotheriomys, 395 Micropternodontidae, 54, 57, 59, 110, 118 Mimoperadectes, 13, 14, 15, 16, 41, 44, 45,46 Miotheriomys stenodon, 395 Micropternodontinae, 66 Mimoperadectes labrus, 44, 46 Miotylopus, 662 Micropternodus, 57, 59, 92, 110, 118 Mimotoma, 268, 268 Miotylopus gibbi, 662 Micropternodus borealis, 110 Mimotonida, 268, 268 Miracinonyx, 655 Micropternodus montrosensis, 110 Mimotonidae, 268, 293 Miracinonyx inexpectatus, 655 Micropternodus morgani, 110 Mimotricentes, 656 Mirounga, 512, 542, 545, 546 Micropternodus strophensis, 110 Mimotricentes subtrigonus, 657 Mithrandir, 657 Microsus, 658 Mimotricentes tedfordi, 656 Mixocetus, 516, 613, 623 Microsus cuspidatus, 658 Minchenella, 513, 517 Mixocetus eleysius, 612, 613 Microsyopidae, 167, 168, 212, 213, 216, Miniochoerinae, 660 Mixoclaenus,73 230 Miniochoerus, 660, 661 Mixoclaenus encinensis,73 Microsyopinae, 214 Miniochoerus affinis, 660 Mixodectes, 166, 169, 200, 201, 201, 203, 204 Microsyopoidea, 82 Miniochoerus chadronensis, 660 Mixodectes crassiusculus, 203 Microsyops, 168, 209, 214, 215, 229, 230, Miniochoerus forsythae, 660 Mixodectes malaris, 203 249 Miniochoerus gracilis, 660 Mixodectes pungens, 203 Microsyops (Mesacodon), 215 Miniochoerus starkensis, 660 Mixodectidae, 91, 166, 198, 200, 201, 201, 203, Microsyops (Mesacodon) speciosus, 215 Miniopteridae, 178 204 Microsyops (Bathrodon), 215 Miniopterinae, 178 biology and evolutionary patterns, 205 Microsyops (Bathrodon) annectens, 215 Minippus, 673, 674, 677 defining features, 199 Microsyops (Bathrodon) typus, 215 Minippus index, 673 systematics, 199–201 Microsyops alfi, 215 Minippus jicarillai, 673 Mixodontia, 268 Microsyops angustidens, 215 Miobasileus, 672 Mixtotherium, 509 Microsyops annectens, 215 Miobasileus ophyras, 672 Mojavemys, 283, 288, 430, 434, 447 Microsyops cardiorestes, 215 Miochomys, 468 Mojavemys alexandrae, 434, 435 Microsyops elegans, 215 Mioclaenus turgidus, 657 Mojavemys galushai, 435 Microsyops gracilis, 215 Miocyon scotti, 646 Mojavemys lophatus, 435 Microsyops knightensis, 215 Miodelphis, 515, 584, 599 Mojavemys magnumarcus, 435 Microsyops kratos, 215 Miodelphis californicus, 584, 585 Mojavemys mascallensis, 441 Microsyops latidens, 209, 215 Mioheteromyinae, 284, 288, 438, 448 Mojavemys wilsoni, 435 Microsyops lundeliusi, 215 Mioheteromys, 284, 288, 430, 438, Molaetherium, 138 Microsyops schlosseri, 215 448 Molossidae, 168, 170, 178, 179, 182, 188, 189, Microsyops scottianus, 215 Mioheteromys agrarius, 438 190 Microsyops simplicidens, 214 Mioheteromys amplissimus, 438 Molossina, 178 Microsyops uintensis, 249 Mioheteromys arcarius, 438 Molossoidea, 178, 179 Microsyops wilsoni, 215 Mioheteromys crowderensis, 438 Molossus, 183 Microtinae, 460 Miohippus, 673, 674, 676, 677, 678 Molossus californicus, 183 Microtini, 270 Miohippus assiniboiensis, 676 Molossus perotis, 183 Microtodon, 492 Miohippus gemmarosae, 676 Monachinae, 512, 517, 542, 544, 545, 546, 549, Microtomarctus, 648, 649, 650 Miohippus grandis, 676 552, 553 Microtomarctus conferta, 650 Miohippus intermedius, 676 Monachini, 549, 553 Microtoscoptes, 467, 482, 490 Miohippus obliquidens, 676 Monachopsis, 546 Microtus, 288, 474, 481, 483, 491 Miolabis, 662 Monachus, 512, 546, 549 Microtus (Pedomys), 484 Miolabis agatensis, 662 Monachus albiventer, 549 Microtus (Pedomys) australis, 484 Miolabis fissidens, 663 Monachus schauinslandi, 24, 549 Microtus deceitensis, 484 Miolabis yavapaiensis, 662 Monachus tropicalis, 520, 523 Microtus pliocaenicus, 470, 492 Miomyotis, 170, 183, 188, 190, 192 Monodon, 590 Microtus terrestris, 484 Miomyotis floridanus, 183, 190 Monodon monoceros, 590 Mictomys, 288, 481, 483, 489, 491, 494 Mionictis, 653 Monodontidae, 515, 518, 519, 567, 587, 590, Mictomys anzaensis, 489 Miosciurus, 280, 358, 359, 361, 371, 599 Mictomys innuitus, 489 372 Monosaulax, 281, 283, 393, 393, 395, 399, 401, Mictomys kansasensis, 489 Miosciurus ballovianus, 361 402 Mictomys landesi, 489 Miosicista, 282, 408, 410, 413 Monosaulax baileyi, 399 Mictomys vetus, 473, 490 Miosicista angulus, 410 Monosaulax curtus, 399 Migmacastor, 281, 393, 396, 402 Miosiren, 632 Monosaulax pansus, 399 Migmacastor procumbodens, 396 Miospermophilus, 280, 281, 358, 359, 365, Monosaulax progressus, 399 Migraveramus, 328 371, 372 Monosaulax serundi, 395 Mimatuta, 657 Miospermophilus bryanti, 356, 365 Monosaulax skinneri, 399 Mimetodon, 13, 14, 15, 23, 23, 27, 33 Miospermophilus lavertyi, 365 Monosaulax typicus, 399 Mimetodon churchilli,27 Miospermophilus wyomingensis, 365 Monosaulax valentinensis, 399

Index 780

Monotherium, 512, 517, 546, 549, 553 Mylohyus, 659 Nannippus, 672, 675, 678, 679 Monotherium abberatum, 549 Mylohyus floridanus, 659 Nannippus aztecus, 672 Monotherium affine, 549 Mylohyus fossilis, 659 Nannippus beckensis, 672 Monotherium delognii, 549 Myodonta, 270, 272, 273, 274, 328, 333, 407, Nannippus ingenuus, 676 Monotherium wymani, 549 412 Nannippus lenticularis, 672, 678 Monotremata, 10, 11 Myolestes, 105, 107 Nannippus major, 678 Montanamus, 277, 417, 419, 424 Myolestes dasypelix, 105, 107 Nannippus minor, 678 Montanamus bjorki, 419 Myomorpha, 269, 270, 271, 272, 272, 273, 274, Nannippus morgani, 678 Mookomys, 284, 430, 436, 439, 448 326, 327, 328, 328, 329, 407, 412, 416, Nannippus peninsulatus, 672, 677 Mookomys altifluminus, 436 419, 423, 428, 429, 459 Nannippus westoni, 678 Mookomys bodei, 434 Myospalacinae, 456 Nannocetus, 516, 613, 623 Mookomys formicorum, 437, 439 Myospalacini, 460 Nannocetus eremus, 612, 613 Mookomys subtilis, 436 Myotini, 178 Nannodectes, 167, 225, 231 Mookomys sulculus, 436 Myotis, 170, 184, 188, 190, 192 Nannodectes gazini, 225 Mookomys thrinax, 436 Myotis auriculus, 175 Nannodectes gidleyi, 209, 225 Morganucodon, 11 Myotis myotis, 184 Nannodectes intermedius, 225 Mormoopidae, 178, 179, 190, 191, 192 Myotis yumanensis, 184 Nannodectes simpsoni, 225 Mormopterus, 191 Myoxidae, 271 Nannolithax, 515, 585, 599 Moropus, 680 Myrmecobius,9 Nannolithax gracilis, 585 Moropus distans, 679 Myrmecoboides, 53, 84, 84, 86 Nanodelphys, 14, 15, 16, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Moropus oregonensis, 679 Myrmecoboides montanensis, 83,84 Nanodelphys californicus,43 Moschus, 664 Myrmecophaga, 54, 128, 152, 157 Nanodelphys hunti, 40,44 Multituberculata, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 23, 33 Myrmecophagidae, 151 Nanodelphys minutus,44 biology and evolutionary patterns, 12–16, Myrmekomomys, 217 Nanohyus,85 32–5 Myrmekomomys loomisi, 217 Nanomys, 409 defining features, 19–22 Mysops, 276, 337, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 348, Nanomys simplicidens, 409 systematics, 10, 22–4 349, 350, 351, 394 Nanotragulus, 664 Muridae, 270, 271, 274, 355, 459 Mysops boskeyi, 342 Nanotragulus loomisi, 664 Murinae, 459 Mysops fraternus, 342 Nanotragulus ordinatus, 664 Murininae, 178 Mysops kalicola, 394 Napeozapus, 406, 407, 411 Muroidea, 270, 271, 272, 273, 313, 327, 328, Mysops minimus, 342 Nasua, 657 333, 407, 457, 458, 459 Mysops parvus, 338, 342, 350 Natalidae, 176, 178, 179, 181, 189, 190, 191, Mus, 323 Mystacinidae, 178, 179 192 Mus citellus, 366 Mysticeti, 507, 508, 509, 510, 514, 559, 600, Nataloidea, 168, 170, 178, 179, 181, 188 Mus marmota, 367 607, 609, 610, 621, 623, 624 Natchitochia, 515, 559, 560, 563 Muscardinidae, 271 biology and evolutionary patterns, 622–5 Natchitochia jonesi, 560 Mustela, 544, 653 defining features, 607–9 Navahoceros, 665 Mustela parvus, 653 systematics, 609–10 Navahoceros lacruensis, 666 Mustelavus, 652 Mystipterus, 54, 58, 58, 59, 60, 93, 102, 120, Navajoviinae, 213 Mustelavus priscus, 653 121, 187 Navajovius, 167, 213, 218, 229, 230 Mustelictis, 652 Mystipterus martini, 102 Navajovius kohlhaasae, 210, 213, 214 Mustelidae, 511, 544, 652 Mystipterus pacificus, 90, 102 Navajovius meckennai, 214 Musteloidea, 544 Mystipterus vespertilio, 102, 187 Neatocastor, 281, 281, 393, 395, 402 Mutica, 509 Mytoniini, 243 Neatocastor hesperus, 395 Mydecodon, 102 Mytonius, 249 Nebraskomyinae, 288, 487, 491 Mydecodon martini, 102 Mytonolaginae, 296 Nebraskomys, 288, 481, 483, 488, 491 Mylagaulidae, 270, 272, 274, 281, 357, 377, Mytonolagus, 286, 296, 297, 298, 305, 306, 307 Nebraskomys mcgrewi, 488 378, 379, 380, 384, 387, 388 Mytonolagus petersoni, 298 Nebraskomys rexroadensis, 488 Mylagaulinae, 281, 287, 386, 389 Mytonolagus wyomingensis, 298 Necrolemur, 242 Mylagaulodon, 281, 385, 387 Mytonomys, 277, 314, 315, 320, 322 Necromanis, 129, 137 Mylagaulodon angulatus, 385 Mytonomys burkei, 320 Nectogalini, 93, 115, 119 Mylagaulus, 281, 287, 339, 380, 386, 387 Mytonomys coloradensis, 320 Nekrolagus, 289, 302, 307 Mylagaulus cambridgensis, 386 Mytonomys gaitania, 320 Nekrolagus progressus, 302 Mylagaulus douglassi, 386 Mytonomys mytonensis, 320 Nemegtbaatar,34 Mylagaulus elassos, 386 Mytonomys robustus, 320 Neobalaenidae, 519, 610 Mylagaulus kinseyi, 103, 386 Mytonomys wortmani, 320 Neoceti, 507, 508, 509, 514, 559, 559, 567 Mylagaulus laevus, 386 Myzopodidae, 178, 179 Neochoerus, 287, 503, 504 Mylagaulus minor, 386 Neochoerus cordobai, 503 Mylagaulus pristinus, 386 Nacimientotherium, 655 Neochoerus dichroplax, 499, 503 Mylagaulus sesquipedalis, 386 Nacimientotherium silvestri, 655 Neochoerus lancei, 503 Mylagaulus vetus, 386 Namatomyini, 279, 279, 282, 417, 418, 424 Neochoerus pinckneyi, 503 Mylanodon, 131, 132, 138, 139, 143 Namatomys, 279, 282, 416, 417, 418, 424 Neofiber, 483, 494 Mylanodon rosei, 139 Namatomys lloydi, 418 Neofiber alleni, 494 Mylodon, 157 Nannasfiber, 393, 397 Neohipparion, 672, 675, 678, 679 Mylodontidae, 151, 152, 155, 158 Nannasfiber ostellatus, 397 Neohipparion affine, 672

Index 781

Neohipparion eurystyle, 672, 677 Nimravidae, 654 Notonycteris, 191 Neohipparion gidleyi, 672, 677 Nimravides, 655 Notonycteris magdalenensis, 191 Neohipparion leptode, 677 Nimravides catacopsis, 655 Notonycteris sucharadeus, 191 Neohipparion trampasense, 672, 673, 677 Nimravides galiani, 655 Notoparamys, 277, 314, 315, 316, 322 Neoliotomus, 13, 14, 14, 15, 16, 23, 32, 33,34 Nimravides marshi, 655 Notoparamys arctios, 316 Neoliotomus conventus,32 Nimravinae, 654 Notoparamys costilloi, 316 Neoliotomus ultimus,32 Nimravini, 654 Notoryctes, 144 Neophoca, 512, 538 Nimravus, 654 Nototamias, 280, 358, 359, 362, 364, 371 Neophoca cinera, 538 Nimravus brachyops, 654 Nototamias ateles, 362 Neophocaena, 591 Ninoziphius, 515, 579, 598 Nototamias hulberti, 362 Neoplagiaulacidae, 8, 13, 14, 23, 23, 26, 33 Ninoziphius platyrostris, 579 Nototamias quadratus, 362 Neoplagiaulax, 13, 15, 23, 23, 27, 28, 33 Niphredil,71 Nycteridae, 178 Neoplagiaulax americanus,28 Niphredil radagasti,71 Nycteris, 185 Neoplagiaulax annae,27 Niptomomys, 214 Nycteris borealis, 185 Neoplagiaulax burgessi,27 Niptomomys doreenae, 214 Nycticeius, 191 Neoplagiaulax cimolodontoides,27 Niptomomys favorum, 214 Nyctilestes, 106, 108 Neoplagiaulax copei,27 Niptomomys thelmae, 214 Nyctilestes serotinus, 106, 108, 187 Neoplagiaulax eocaenus,27 Noctilionidae, 179 Nyctinomops, 191 Neoplagiaulax grangeri,27 Noctilionoidea, 179 Nyctinomus, 183 Neoplagiaulax hazeni, 27, 34 Nonomys, 279, 407, 408, 409, 413, 456, 457, 459 Nyctitheriidae, 54, 55, 57, 69, 91, 92, 106, 107, Neoplagiaulax hunteri, 27, 34 Nonomys simplicidens, 409 108, 118, 189 Neoplagiaulax jepi,27 Notharctidae, 240, 242, 252, 257 Nyctitheriinae, 107 Neoplagiaulax kremnus,27 Notharctinae, 169, 252 Nyctitherium, 55, 55, 57, 92, 98, 106, 107, 108, Neoplagiaulax macintyrei,27 Notharctini, 244 118 Neoplagiaulax macrotomeus,27 Notharctus, 162, 169, 215, 240, 242, 244, 252, Nyctitherium celatum, 107, 108 Neoplagiaulax mckennai,27 256, 257, 258 Nyctitherium celatus, 106, 121 Neoplagiaulax molestus,29 Notharctus cingulatus, 215 Nyctitherium cristopheri, 108 Neoplagiaulax nanophus,27 Notharctus minutus, 249 Nyctitherium curtidens, 106, 107 Neoplagiaulax nelsoni,27 Notharctus palmeri, 215 Nyctitherium nitidus, 106, 107 Neoplagiaulax nicolae,27 Notharctus pugnax, 252, 258 Nyctitherium priscum, 106 Neoplagiaulax paskapooensis,27 Notharctus robinsoni, 252, 258 Nyctitherium priscus, 106, 187 Neoplagiaulax serrator,27 Notharctus robustior, 252 Nyctitherium robinsoni, 108 Neoplagiaulax sylvani,27 Notharctus tenebrosus, 252, 258 Nyctitherium serotinum, 106, 108 Neotamias, 362, 372 Notharctus venticolus, 252, 258 Nyctitherium velox, 105, 106, 108 Neotamias ateles, 362 Nothocyon, 647, 649, 650 Nyssodon,69 Neotherium, 512, 517, 532, 537, 539 Nothocyon annectans, 646, 650 Neotherium mirum, 523, 532, 537 Nothocyon geismarianus, 650 Oboia,63 Neotoma, 288, 339, 340, 460, 474, 475, 482 Nothocyon latidens, 650 Ocajila, 54, 57, 58, 92, 93, 94 Neotoma (Parahodomys), 474 Nothocyon lemur, 649 Ocajila makpiyahe, 93, 95 Neotoma (Parahodomys) primaevus, 474 Nothocyon leptodus, 647 Ochotona, 289, 293, 305, 306, 307 Neotoma ﬂoridana, 474 Nothodectes, 224, 225 Ochotona daurica, 305 Neotoma fossilis, 474 Nothodectes dubius, 224 Ochotona princeps, 264 Neotoma leucopetrica, 474 Nothodectes gidleyi, 224, 225 Ochotona spanglei, 305 Neotoma minutus, 474 Nothodipoides, 393, 400 Ochotonidae, 286, 289, 293, 294, 295, 296, 303, Neotoma quadriplicata, 474 Nothodipoides stirtoni, 400 305, 306, 307 Neotoma sawrockensis, 474 Nothokemas, 663 Octodontidae, 270, 271 Neotoma taylori, 474 Nothokemas waldropi, 663 Octodontoidea, 270, 271 Neotoma vaughani, 474 Nothotylopus, 663 Odobenidae, 512, 517, 519, 523, 525, 526, 527, Neotomini, 288, 473 Nothrotheriidae, 151, 152, 156 531, 534, 539, 576 Neotomodon, 466 Nothrotheriops, 132, 133, 149, 152, 157, 158, Odobeninae, 512, 517, 523, 524, 527, 539, 544 Neotragocerus, 666 158 Odobenus, 512, 513 Nesophontes, 117 Nothrotheriops shastensis, 148, 150, 157, Odobenocetopsidae, 519, 566, 567, 590 Nesophontidae, 89, 91 158 Odobenus, 537 Neurotrichus, 103 Nothrotheriops texanum, 157 Odobenus rosmarus, 519, 523, 536, 537 Neurotrichus columbianus, 103 Notiosorex, 54, 60, 60, 93, 115, 119 Odocoileus, 665 Nexuotapirus, 680 Notiosorex crawfordi, 115 Odocoileus brachyodontus, 665, 666 Nexuotapirus marslandensis, 680 Notiosorex jacksoni, 115 Odocoileus virginianus, 666 Nexuotapirus robustus, 680 Notiosorex repenningi, 116 Odontoceti, 507, 508, 509, 510, 514, 515, 559, Niglarodon, 281, 380, 384, 387 Notiotitanops, 667, 668, 668 566, 567, 568 Niglarodon blacki, 384 Notiotitanops mississippiensis, 671 biology and evolutionary patterns, 600 Niglarodon koreneri, 384 Notocetus, 510, 515, 568, 583 deﬁning features, 566–7 Niglarodon loneyi, 384 Notocetus vanbenedeni, 583 systematics, 567 Niglarodon petersonensis, 384 Notolagus, 289, 297, 301, 307 Oedolithax, 515, 585, 599 Niglarodon progressus, 384 Notolagus lepusculus, 301 Oedolithax mira, 585 Niglarodon yeariani, 384 Notolagus velox, 301 Oedolius, 107

Index 782

Ogmodontomys, 288, 481, 483, 486, 491, 492 Ophiomys panacaensis, 487, 492 defining features, 524 Ogmodontomys pipecreekensis, 486 Ophiomys parvus, 486, 487 systematics, 525–6 Ogmodontomys poaphagus, 486 Ophiomys taylori, 487, 492 Otarocyon, 648, 649, 649 Ogmodontomys sawrockensis, 486, 492 Orcaella, 592 Otarocyon cooki, 649 Oklahomalagus, 289, 296, 304, 306, 307 Orcinus, 592 Otarocyon macdonaldi, 649 Oklahomalagus whisenhunti, 304 Orcinus orca, 519 Otospermophilus, 366 Olbodotes, 203 Oregonomys, 288, 430, 438, 439, 448 Otospermophilus argonautus, 366 Olbodotes copei, 203 Oregonomys magnus, 439 Otospermophilus gidleyi, 366 Oligobunis, 652 Oregonomys pebblesprigensis, 439 Otospermophilus primitivus, 366 Oligomyotis, 170, 183, 188, 190, 192 Oregonomys sargenti, 440 Otospermophilus shotwelli, 366 Oligomyotis casementi, 183, 189 Orelladjidaumo, 279, 282, 417, 420, 424 Otospermophilus tephrus, 366 Oligoryctes, 57, 59, 92, 112, 118 Orelladjidaumo xylodes, 420 Otospermophilus wilsoni, 366 Oligoryctes altitalonidus, 112 Oreodontoidea, 659 Ottoryctes, 56, 66, 67, 69, 76 Oligoryctes cameronensis, 90, 112 Oreodontoides, 660 Ottoryctes winkleri, 64,69 Oligoryctidae, 54, 57, 59, 112, 118 Oreodontoides curtus, 660 Ourayia, 169, 243, 249, 255, 256, 258 Oligoscalops, 54, 57, 58, 58, 93, 100, 120 Oreodontoides oregonensis, 660 Ourayia hopsoni, 249 Oligoscalops galbreathi, 100 Oreolagus, 286, 289, 296, 303, 306, 307 Ourayia uintensis, 249 Oligoscalops whitmanensis, 100 Oreolagus colteri, 303 Oxetocyon, 647, 648, 649 Oligospermophilus, 280, 358, 358, 360, 370, Oreolagus nebrascensis, 303 Oxetocyon cuspidatus, 647 371, 372 Oreolagus nevadensis, 303 Oxyacodon, 657 Oligospermophilus douglassi, 359, Oreolagus wallacei, 303 Oxyacodon agapetillus, 657 360 Oreolagus wilsoni, 303 Oxyacodon apiculatus, 657 Oligotheriomys, 281, 281, 393, 395, 402 Oreonetes, 660 Oxyacodon ferronensis, 657 Oligotheriomys primus, 395 Oreonetes anceps, 661 Oxyacodon priscilla, 657 Oligotheriomys stenodon, 395 Oreonetinae, 660 Oxyaena, 646 Ommatophoca, 512, 544, 546, 551 Orohippus, 666, 674, 677 Oxyclaenidae, 200 Omomyidae, 169, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 255, Orohippus pumilus, 676 Oxyclaenus, 656 256 Oromerycidae, 661, 662 Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, 657 Omomyinae, 247, 255 Oromeryx, 661 Oxydactylus, 663 Omomyini, 243 Oronetes, 660 Oxyprimus, 656 Omomys, 169, 239, 241, 242, 243, 247, 249, Oronetes anceps, 660 Oxyprimus galadriele, 657 250, 254, 255, 256 Oropyctis, 281, 380, 380, 387 Ozotoceros, 665 Omomys ameghini, 249 Oropyctis pediasius, 380 Omomys carteri, 247 Orthogeomys, 288, 430, 445, 446, 449 Pachyaena, 656 Omomys lloydi, 247 Orthogeomys propinetis, 445 Pachyarmatherium, 132, 133, 152, 152, 157, 158 Omomys sheai, 249 Orthogeomys scalops, 445 Pachyarmatherium leiseyi, 148, 152 Omomys vespertinus, 250 Orycterocetus, 510, 515, 568, 576, 597 Paciculus, 282, 285, 460, 462, 464, 475 Ondatra, 288, 289, 481, 483, 485, 491 Orycterocetus crocodilinus, 577 Paciculus insolitus, 464 Ondatra annectens, 486 Orycterocetus mediatlanticus, 577 Paciculus mcgregori, 464 Ondatra idahoensis, 486 Orycterocetus quadratidens, 576, Paciculus montanus, 463 Ondatra zibethicus, 485, 494 577 Paciculus nebraskensis, 464 Ondatra zibethicus/annectens, 486 Orycteropus, 129 Pacificotaria, 512, 517, 528, 539 Ondatra zibethicus/idahoensis, 486 Oryctolagus, 306 Pacificotaria hadromma, 525, 528 Ondatra zibethicus/meadensis, 486 Oryzomys, 473 Paenemarmota, 287, 355, 358, 359, 368, 371, Ondatra zibethicus/minor, 486 Oryzomys pliocaenicus, 473, 490 373 Ondatrinae, 288, 485, 491 Osbornodon, 647 Paenemarmota barbouri, 368, 369 Onohippidumn, 675, 676, 678 Osbornodon iamonensis, 647 Paenemarmota mexicana, 368 Ontocetus, 515, 576, 597 Osbornodon wangi, 647 Paenemarmota nevadensis, 369 Ontocetus emmonsi, 576 Osteoborus, 647, 651 Paenemarmota sawrockensis, 369 Ontocetus oxymycterus, 576 Osteoborus cyonoides, 651, 652 Paenungulata, 510 Onychomys, 288, 456, 460, 470, 474, 475 Osteoborus direptor, 651 Pagophilus, 512, 546 Onychomys bensoni, 470 Osteoborus dudleyi, 651 Pagonomus,75 Onychomys fossilis, 470 Osteoborus hilli, 651, 652 Pakicetidae, 508, 558 Onychomys gidleyi, 470 Osteoborus orc, 651 Pakicetus, 509, 557, 558–9, 559, 564 Onychomys hollisteri, 470 Osteoborus pugnator, 651 Palaeanodon, 131, 132, 138, 138, 139, 141, Onychomys larabeei, 470 Osteoborus secundus, 651 143 Onychomys leucogaster, 470 Otaria, 512, 538 Palaeanodon ignavus, 139, 140, 144 Onychomys martini, 470 Otaria byronia, 538 Palaeanodon nievelti, 140 Onychomys pedroensis, 470 Otariidae, 511, 512, 513, 517, 523, 525, 526, Palaeanodon parvulus, 140 Oodectes¨ , 646 527, 539, 543, 544 Palaeanodon woodi, 141 Ophiomys, 288, 481, 483, 486, 491, 492 Otariinae, 512, 517, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, Palaeanodonta, 127, 130, 131, 135, 137, 138, Ophiomys fricki, 487 528, 537, 539 138, 139, 142, 143 Ophiomys magilli, 487 Otarioidea, 464, 511, 513, 517, 520, 523, 524, biology and evolutionary patterns, 144 Ophiomys mcknighti, 487, 492 525, 526, 527, 539, 543 defining features, 135–6 Ophiomys meadensis, 487, 492 biology and evolutionary patterns, 536–8 systematics, 137–8

Index 783

Palaearctomys, 280, 358, 359, 363, 365, 371, Palaeoscalopus pineridgensis, 102 Pantolesta, 53, 56, 67, 71, 73, 77 372 Palaeosciurus, 370 Pantolestes, 56, 65, 66, 67, 72, 75, 77, 214 Palaearctomys bryanti, 365 Palaeosciurus goti, 372 Pantolestes elegans,72 Palaearctomys macrorhinus, 363 Palaeosinopa, 50, 53, 56, 66, 67, 71, 77,78 Pantolestes intermedius,72 Palaearctomys montanus, 363 Palaeosinopa didelphoides,71 Pantolestes longicaudus,72 Palaechthon, 166, 209, 218, 221, 222, 230 Palaeosinopa dorri,72 Pantolestes natans, 67, 72, 75 Palaechthon alticuspis, 221 Palaeosinopa incerta,72 Pantolestes nuptus, 215 Palaechthon minor, 221 Palaeosinopa lutreola,72 Pantolestes phocipes,72 Palaechthon nacimienti, 222 Palaeosinopa nunavutensis,72 Pantolestidae, 53, 56, 63, 65, 67, 67, 71, 73, 77, Palaechthon problematicus, 222 Palaeosinopa simpsoni, 71, 72 82, 91, 138 Palaechthon woodi, 221 Palaeosinopa veterrima, 64,71 Pantolestinae, 53, 56, 67, 71, 77 Palaechthonidae, 166, 212, 220, 230 Palaeosyops, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670 Pantomesaxonia, 513 Palaechthoninae, 221 Palaeosyops borealis, 670 Pantomimus,73 Palaeacodon, 215, 247 Palaeosyops copei, 670 Pantomimus leari,73 Palaeacodon versus, 215 Palaeosyops diaconus, 670 Pappocetus, 560 Palaeictops, 53, 54, 56, 56, 71, 82, 84, 84, 85, Palaeosyops fontinalis, 666, 670 Pappocetus lugardi, 559 86,87 Palaeosyops grangeri, 670 Pappocricetodon, 329, 456, 457 Palaeictops bicuspis, 83,85 Palaeosyops humilis, 670 Pappogeomys, 445 Palaeictops borealis,85 Palaeosyops hyognathus, 671 Pappogeomys (Cratogeomys), 445 Palaeictops bridgeri,85 Palaeosyops laevidens, 666, 670 Pappogeomys (Cratogeomys) sansiomensis, Palaeictops mattheui, 83,85 Palaeosyops laticeps, 670 445 Palaeictops multicuspis,85 Palaeosyops leidyi, 670 Parabalaenoptera, 510, 516, 609, 620, Palaeictops pineyensis,85 Palaeosyops longirostris, 670 624 Palaeictops septentrionalis,71 Palaeosyops major, 670 Parabalaenoptera baulinensis, 620 Palaeocastor, 281, 393, 397, 402 Palaeosyops megarhinus, 671 Parabalaenopterinae, 620 Palaeocastor fossor, 397 Palaeosyops minor, 670 Parablastomeryx, 664 Palaeocastor magnus, 398 Palaeosyops paludosis, 670 Parablastomeryx floridanus, 664 Palaeocastor milleri, 397 Palaeosyops paludosus, 666 Parablastomeryx galushai, 664 Palaeocastor nebrascensis, 397 Palaeosyops robustus, 670 Parablastomeryx gregorii, 664 Palaeocastor peninsulatus, 397 Palaeosyops validens, 672 Paraceratherium, 680 Palaeocastor simplicidens, 397 Palaeomerycidae, 664 Paracetus, 575 Palaeocastorinae, 281, 393, 394, 396, 401, 402 Palaeotheriidae, 666 Paracosoryx, 665 Palaeochiropterygidae, 179 Palaeotherium, 672 Paracosoryx pawniensis, 665 Palaeochiropteryx, 178 Palaeotherium giganteum, 672 Paracryptotis, 60, 93, 116, 119 Palaeogale, 653 Palaeotherium maximum, 672 Paracryptotis gidleyi, 116 Palaeogale minutus, 653 Palaeotherium prouti, 672 Paracryptotis rex, 116 Palaeogale sectoria, 652 Palenochtha, 166, 218, 221, 230 Paracynarctus, 648, 649, 650 Palaeolagidae, 295 Palenochtha minor, 221 Paracynarctus kelloggi, 650 Palaeolaginae, 286, 296, 298, 307 Palenochtha weissae, 221 Paracynarctus sinclairi, 650 Palaeolagus, 286, 296, 297, 298, 303, 306, 307 Paleoparadoxia, 514, 518, 519, 640, 641, 642, Paradaphoenus, 654 Palaeolagus burkei, 298 643 Paradaphoenus cuspigerus, 654 Palaeolagus haydeni, 298 Paleoparadoxia tabatai, 640, 642 Paradaphoenus minimus, 654 Palaeolagus hemirhizis, 299 Paleoparadoxia weltoni, 642 Paradaphoenus tooheyi, 654 Palaeolagus hypsodus, 299, 305, 306 Paleophoca, 515, 550, 577, 597 Paradipoides, 400 Palaeolagus intermedius, 299 Paleophoca nystii, 550, 577 Paradipoides stovalli, 400 Palaeolagus nevadensis, 303 Paleotomus, 53, 67, 71, 77 Paradjidaumo, 278, 279, 282, 416, 417, 420, Palaeolagus philoi, 299 Paleotomus carbonensis,71 424 Palaeolagus primus, 299 Paleotomus junior,71 Paradjidaumo alberti, 420 Palaeolagus temnodon, 298 Paleotomus milleri,71 Paradjidaumo hansonorum, 420 Palaeolagus turgidus, 298 Paleotomus radagasti,71 Paradjidaumo hypsodus, 420 Palaeolama, 663 Paleotomus senior,71 Paradjidaumo minor, 420 Palaeolama guanajuatensis, 663 Paludontona, 296 Paradjidaumo reynoldsi, 420 Palaeolama mirifica, 663 Palustrimus, 443 Paradjidaumo spokanensis, 420 Palaeonycteris, 223 Palustrimus lewisi, 444 Paradjidaumo trilophus, 420 Palaeonycteris paleocenica, 223 Palynephyllum, 191 Paradjidaumo validus, 420 Palaeophoca, 550 Palynephyllum antimaster, 191 Paradomnina, 59, 93, 113, 119 Palaeophoca nystii, 550, 552 Pampatheriidae, 132, 152, 152, 158 Paradomnina relictus, 113 Palaeoryctes, 53, 56, 66, 67, 68, 76 Pandemonium, 166, 212, 228, 231, 232 Paradoxonycteris, 108 Palaeoryctes cruoris,68 Pandemonium dis, 228, 229 Parahippidion, 676 Palaeoryctes jepseni,68 Panolax, 289, 297, 299, 307 Parahippus, 674, 676, 677, 678 Palaeoryctes puercensis,68 Panolax sanctaefidei, 299, 300 Parahippus coloradensis, 673 Palaeoryctes punctatus,68 Panthera, 655 Parahippus pawniensis, 672, 676 Palaeoryctidae, 53, 56, 63, 66, 67, 68, 76,91 Panthera onca, 655 Parahippus wyomingensis, 676 Palaeoryctinae, 66, 67, 76 Pantodonta, 639, 656 Parahodomys, 474 Palaeoscalopus, 102 Pantolambda, 656 Parahyus, 658

Index 784

Parallomys, 281, 380, 382, 387, 388 Pararyctes, 53, 56, 66, 67, 68, 76 Patriofelis, 646 Parallomys americanus, 382 Pararyctes pattersoni,68 Patriofelis ulta, 646 Parallomys ernii, 382 Pararyctes rutherfordi,68 Patriolestes, 57, 92, 94,99 Paramicrotoscoptes, 288, 459, 460, 467, 475, Paratetonius, 245, 246 Patriolestes novaceki, 99, 100 492 Paratoceras, 661 Patriomanidae, 135 Paramicrotoscoptes hibbardi, 467, 468 Paratoceras tedfordi, 661 Patriomanis, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 137, Paramiolabis, 662 Paratoceras wardi, 661 143, 144 Paramiolabis minutus, 662 Paratomarctus, 648, 649, 651 Patriomanis americanus, 135, 144 Paramiolabis singularis, 662 Paratomarctus euthos, 651 Paucituberculata, 11, 12 Paramyidae, 311, 326, 340, 498 Paratomarctus temerarius, 651 Pauromys, 276, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332, Paramyinae, 277, 302, 311, 315, 323, 340 Paratrogomys, 284, 430, 437, 448 333 Paramyinae, new genus, 277, 321, 322 Paratrogomys whistleri, 437 Pauromys exallos, 330 Paramyini, 315 Paratylopus, 663 Pauromys lillegraveni, 330, 331, 333 Paramylodon, 132, 133, 152, 157, 158, 158 Parectypodus, 13, 14, 15, 16, 23, 23, 26, 27, 33 Pauromys perditus, 320, 327, 330, 331 Paramylodon harlani, 148, 150, 157, 158 Parectypodus armstrongi,28 Pauromys schaubi, 330 Paramys, 277, 277, 312, 313, 314, 314, 315, Parectypodus clemensi, 23, 26 Pedetes, 264, 272 316, 317, 318, 319, 321, 322, 323, 327, Parectypodus corystes,28 Pedetes copensis, 664 330, 339, 340, 379 Parectypodus foxi,28 Pedetidae, 270, 271, 272 Paramys adamus, 313, 315 Parectypodus laytoni,28 Pedetridea, 271 Paramys compressidens, 315 Parectypodus lunatus,28 Pediolagus, 302 Paramys copei, 315, 323 Parectypodus pattersoni,28 Pediolagus progressus, 302 Paramys copei bicuspis, 315 Parectypodus simpsoni, 27, 28 Pediomeryx, 664, 665 Paramys copei major, 315 Parectypodus sinclairi, 23, 28 Pediomeryx (Pediomeryx), 665 Paramys delicatior, 315 Parectypodus sloani,28 Pediomeryx (Yumaceras), 664 Paramys delicatissimus, 318 Parectypodus sylviae,28 Pediomeryx (Yumaceras) hamiltoni, 665 Paramys delicatus, 312, 315, 356 Parectypodus trovesartianus,28 Pediomyidae, 11, 12 Paramys excavatus, 315, 323 Parectypodus vanvaleni, 23, 26, 28 Pediomys, 13, 44, 45 Paramys francesi, 318 Pareumys, 276, 336, 337, 337, 338, 338, 339, Pediomys elegans,44 Paramys gardneri, 316 340, 341, 343, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351 Pediomys florenccae,44 Paramys huerfanensis, 330 Pareumys boskeyi, 343, 350 Pediomys hatcheri,44 Paramys hunti, 315 Pareumys grangeri, 339, 343 Pediomys krejcii,44 Paramys leptodus, 316 Pareumys guensbergi, 343 Pelagiarctos, 517, 532, 538, 539 Paramys minutus, 319 Pareumys lewisi, 347 Pelagiarctos thomasi, 532, 533, 537 Paramys murinus, 319 Pareumys milleri, 343 Pelocetus, 510, 516, 609, 616, 623 Paramys nini, 315 Pareumys troxelli, 343 Pelocetus calvertensis, 608, 616 Paramys pycnus, 315 Parictis, 653 Pelodelphis, 515, 595, 598 Paramys relictus, 379 Parictis parvus, 653 Pelodelphis gracilis, 595, 596 Paramys robustus, 317 Parictops,85 Pelycodus, 169, 215, 242, 244, 249, 252, 256, Paramys sciuroides, 318 Parictops multicuspis,85 257 Paramys simpsoni, 315, 316 Parietobalaena, 516, 616, 623 Pelycodus angulatus, 215 Paramys taurus, 315, 323 Parietobalaena palmeri, 616 Pelycodus danielsae, 252 Paranamatomys, 271, 417, 419, 424 Parietobalaena securis, 616 Pelycodus jarrovii, 252 Paranamatomys storeri, 419 Paromomyidae, 166, 168, 200, 212, 218, Pelycodus schidelerorum, 252 Paranotolagus, 289, 297, 301, 307 230 Pelycomys, 278, 281, 380, 381, 381 Paranotolagus complicatus, 301 Paromomyinae, 218 Pelycomys brulanus, 381 Paranyctoides, 107 Paromomyoidea, 212, 218, 230 Pelycomys placidus, 381 Parapaenemarmota, 287, 358, 359, 369, 371, Paromomys, 166, 218, 229, 230 Pelycomys rugosus, 381 373 Paromomys depressidens, 218 Pelycorhamphus, 515, 579, 598 Parapaenemarmota oregonensis, 369 Paromomys maturus, 218 Pelycorhamphus pertortus, 579 Parapaenemarmota pattersoni, 369 Paronychomys, 288, 460, 466, 475 Penetrigonias, 682, 683, 685 Parapliohippus, 673, 675, 678 Paronychomys alticuspis, 466 Penetrigonias dakotensis, 682 Parapliosaccomys, 283, 430, 435, 444, Paronychomys leredfieldi, 466 Penetrigonias hudsoni, 682 449 Paronychomys tuttlei, 466 Penetrigonias sagittatus, 684 Parapliosaccomys annae, 435 Paroreodon, 660 Pentacodon, 53, 67, 67, 72, 77 Parapliosaccomys oregonensis, 429, Parvericius, 58, 59, 60, 92, 94,96 Pentacodon inversus,72 444 Parvericius montanus,96 Pentacodon occultus,72 Parapontoporia, 510, 515, 568, 585, 599 Parvericius voorhiesi,96 Pentacodontidae, 67, 69, 72 Parapontoporia pacifica, 586 Parydrosorex, 115 Pentacodontinae, 53, 67, 72, 77 Parapontoporia sternbergi, 585, 586 Parydrosorex concise, 115 Pentacosmodon, 13, 14, 24, 30, 33 Parapontoporia wilsoni, 586 Passalacodon,72 Pentacosmodon bowensis,30 Parapotos, 652 Passalacodon litoralis,72 Pentacosmodon pronus,30 Parapotos tedfordi, 652 Passaliscomys, 283, 430, 433, 447 Pentapassalus, 131, 135, 137, 138, 138, 141, 143 Parapternodontidae, 54, 57, 111, 118 Passaliscomys priscus, 433 Pentapassalus pearcei, 136, 141 Parapternodus, 57, 92, 111, 118 Patriocetinae, 583 Pentapassalus woodi, 141 Parapternodus antiquus, 111 Patriocetus, 510, 568 Peponocephala, 592

Index 785

Peraceras, 683, 684, 685, 686 Perognathus fasciatus, 440 Phenacodus, 657 Peraceras hessei, 684 Perognathus flavus, 264 Phenacodus grangeri, 657 Peraceras profectum, 684 Perognathus furlongi, 429, 440 Phenacodus intermedius, 657 Peraceras superciliosum, 684 Perognathus gidleyi, 440 Phenacodus primaevus, 657 Peradectes, 8, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 16, 40, 41, 43, Perognathus henryredfieldi, 440 Phenacodus trilobatus, 656 44, 45 Perognathus magnus, 439 Phenacodus vortmani, 657 Peradectes californicum,43 Perognathus maldei, 440 Phenacolemur, 166, 168, 218, 219, 220, 230 Peradectes californicus, 40, 43 Perognathus mclaughlini, 440 Phenacolemur citatus, 219 Peradectes chesteri,43 Perognathus minutus, 440 Phenacolemur fortior, 219 Peradectes elegans,43 Perognathus pearlettensis, 440 Phenacolemur fremontensis, 219 Peradectes minutus,44 Perognathus rexroadensis, 440 Phenacolemur frugivorous, 219 Peradectes pauli,43 Perognathus sargenti, 440 Phenacolemur jepseni, 219, 220 Peradectes protinnominatus,43 Perognathus stevei, 440 Phenacolemur pagei, 209, 219 Peradectidae, 11, 39 Perognathus trojectioanstrum, 440 Phenacolemur praecox, 219 Peradectinae, 13, 14, 15, 40, 41, 43, 45 Peromyscus, 284, 285, 288, 323, 350, 460, 462, Phenacolemur shifrae, 219 Peramelina, 11, 12 468, 469, 472, 474, 475 Phenacolemur simonsi, 209, 210, 220 Peratherium, 41, 42, 44, 105 Peromyscus antiquus, 469 Phenacolemuridae, 218 Peratherium alternans, 105 Peromyscus baumgartneri, 469 Phenacomyini, 484 Peratherium comstocki,42 Peromyscus beckensis, 472 Phenacomys, 288, 481, 483, 485, 491 Peratherium donahoei,42 Peromyscus complexus, 469 Phenacomys gryci, 485 Peratherium edwardi,42 Peromyscus cragini, 469 Phenacomys intermediius, 485 Peratherium fugax,42 Peromyscus hagermanensis, 469 Phenacops,70 Peratherium huntii, 43, 44 Peromyscus kansasensis, 469 Phenacops incerta,70 Peratherium innominatum,43 Peromyscus leucopus, 469 Phiomorpha, 271, 274 Peratherium knighti,42 Peromyscus maniculatus, 458 Phlaocyon, 648, 649, 650, 652 Peratherium marginale, 105 Peromyscus leucopus novaeboracensis, 469 Phlaocyon anchoros, 650 Peratherium mcgrewi,43 Peromyscus maximus, 469 Phlaocyon annectens, 650 Peratherium merriami,42 Peromyscus nosher, 469 Phlaocyon latidens, 650 Peratherium morrisi,42 Peromyscus polionotus, 469 Phlaocyon leucosteus, 650 Peratherium scalare,42 Peromyscus samocophinus, 469 Phlaocyon mariae, 650 Peratherium spindleri,42 Peromyscus valensis, 471 Phlaocyon marslandensis, 650 Peratherium titanelix,42 Petauria, 370 Phlaocyon minor, 650 Peratherium titanohelix,43 Petauristinae, 275, 280, 287, 357, 358, 358, 359, Phlaocyon multicuspis, 650 Peratherium tricuspis,42 369, 370, 371, 372 Phlaocyon taylori, 650 Peratherium valens,42 Petauristodon, 280, 358, 359, 369, 371, 372 Phlaocyon yatkolai, 650 Peratherium youngi,42 Petauristodon jamesi, 369 Phlaocyonini, 647, 648, 649, 649 Perchoerus, 659 Petauristodon mathewsi, 369 Phoberomys, 264 Perchoerus proprius, 659 Petauristodon minimus, 369 Phoberomys pattersoni, 264 Peridiomys, 284, 430, 438, 448 Petauristodon pattersoni, 369 Phoca Phoageneus, 512, 517, 546, 547, 553, Peridiomys borealis, 438 Petauristodon uphami, 369 598 Peridiomys halis, 438 Petenyia, 60, 93, 115, 119 Phoca modesta, 584 Peridiomys rusticus, 438 Petenyia concise, 115 Phoca obscura, 550 Perimyotis, 170, 187, 188, 190, 192 Petenyia hungarica, 115 Phoca occitana, 549 Perimyotis subflavus, 187 Petersonella,73 Phoca vitulina, 544, 545, 547 Peripolocetus, 516, 617, 623 Petrokozlovia, 351 Phoca vitulinoides, 548 Peripolocetus vexillifer, 617 Petromuridae, 271, 502 Phoca vulgaris, 548 Periptychus, 657 Petromus, 502 Phoca wymani, 549 Periptychus carinidens, 657 Pewelagus, 289, 297, 300, 307 Phocageneus, 515, 582 Perissodactyla, 151, 509, 510, 513, 666 Pewelagus dawsonae, 300, 305 Phocageneus venustus, 582 Perodipus, 441 Pewelagus mexicanus, 300 Phocanella, 512, 517, 546, 548, 553 Perognathinae, 284, 288, 439, 439, 448 Pezosiren, 518, 632, 633, 636 Phocanella couffoni, 548 Perognathoides, 440 Pezosiren portelli, 514, 633 Phocanella minor, 141, 548 Perognathoides bidahochiensis, 440 Phaneraulata, 327 Phocanella pumila, 548 Perognathoides cuyamensis, 441 Phascolarctos,9 Phocarctos, 512, 538 Perognathoides eurekensis, 441 Phataginus, 129 Phocarctos hookeri, 538 Perognathoides halli, 441 Phelosaccomys, 283, 284, 288, 430, 435, Phocidae, 511, 512, 513, 517, 519, 524, 525, Perognathoides kleinfelderi, 441 447 536, 542, 544, 546, 545, 553 Perognathoides madisonensis, 441 Phelosaccomys annae, 435 biology and evolutionary patterns, 552–4 Perognathus, 284, 284, 288, 430, 439, 440, 441, Phelosaccomys hibbardi, 435 defining features, 533 448 Phelosaccomys neomexicanus, 435 systematics, 543 Perognathus ancenensis, 440 Phelosaccomys shotwelli, 435 Phocinae, 512, 517, 546, 542, 543, 544, 545, Perognathus brevidens, 440 Phenacocoelinae, 660 552, 553 Perognathus carpenteri, 440 Phenacocoelus, 660 Phocini, 545, 546, 553 Perognathus coquorum, 441 Phenacocoelus luskensis, 661 Phococetus, 608 Perognathus dunklei, 440 Phenacodaptes, 67, 72 Phococetus vasconum, 608

Index 786

Phocodon, 583 Placentidens, 198 Plesiadapis tricuspidens, 210, 224, 229 Phocoena, 510, 568, 591, 593 Plagiaulacida, 21 Plesiadapis walbackensis, 229 Phocoena crassidens, 593 Plagiaulacidae, 7 Plesiadapoidea, 168, 211, 212, 223, 231 Phocoenidae, 515, 518, 567, 587, 599 Plagiaulax,27 Plesiarctomys, 323 Phocoenoides, 591 Plagiaulax eocaenus,27 Plesictis, 652 Phocoenoides dalli, 625 Plagioctenodon, 54, 55, 57, 92, 107, 108, 109, Plesiocetus, 516, 620, 621, 624 Phocoidea, 512, 542, 543 118 Plesiocetus garopii, 620 Phocomorpha, 512 Plagioctenodon krausae, 107, 109 Plesiocetus hupschii, 621 Pholidota, 127, 130, 130, 131, 135, 137, 138, Plagioctenodon savagei, 107 Plesiocolophus, 680 143, 144, 151 Plagioctenoides, 57, 92, 107, 109, 118 Plesiogulo, 653 defining features, 136–7 Plagioctenoides microlestes, 107, 109 Plesiohipparion, 675, 676, 679 Phyllonycterinae, 180 Plagiomene, 166, 168, 169, 198, 199, 200, 201, Plesiolestes, 166, 213, 218, 222, 230 Phyllophaga, 129, 130, 151, 152 202, 204 Plesiolestes naciamenti, 222 Phyllostomatidae, 223 Plagiomene accola, 202 Plesiolestes problematicus, 221, 222 Phyllostomidae, 170, 178, 179, 180, 189, 190, Plagiomene multicuspis, 199, 202 Plesiolestes sirokyi, 222 191 Plagiomenidae, 161, 166, 168, 171, 198, 199, Plesiolestes wilsoni, 222 Phyllostominae, 180 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 Plesiolestinae, 54, 92, 112 Physeter, 510, 568, 574, 579 biology and evolutionary patterns, 205 Plesiorycteropus, 129, 130 Physeter bidens, 579 defining features, 198–9 Plesiosminthus, 282, 283, 408, 410, 413 Physeter breviceps, 574 systematics, 199–201 Plesiosminthus clivosus, 410 Physeter catodon, 574 Plaina, 155 Plesiosminthus cartomylos, 410 Physeter macrocephalus, 574 Planetetherium, 166, 169, 198, 200, 201, 202, Plesiosminthus galbreathi, 410 Physeteridae, 510, 515, 567, 574, 576, 597 204, 205 Plesiosminthus geringensis, 410 Physeteroidea, 510, 515, 567, 568, 573, 597 Planetetherium mirabile, 202 Plesiosminthus grangeri, 410 Physeterula, 515, 577, 597 Planisorex, 60, 93, 114, 119 Plesiosminthus sabrae, 410 Physeterula dubusii, 577 Planisorex dixonensis, 114, 115 Plesiosminthus schaubi, 410 Picrodontidae, 166, 212, 216, 222, 230 Platanista, 510, 568, 580 Plesiosorex, 58, 59, 60, 60, 92, 93, 112, 119 Picrodus, 166, 223, 230 Platanista gangetica, 577, 580 Plesiosorex coloradensis, 112 Picrodus apertus, 223 Platanistidae, 510, 515, 518, 567, 568, 580, 581, Plesiosorex donroosai, 112 Picrodus calgariensis, 223 598 Plesiosorex latidens, 112 Picrodus canpacius, 223 Platanistoidea, 515, 567, 580, 583, 598 Plesiosorex obfuscatus, 112 Picrodus lepidus, 223 Platygonus, 659 Plesiosorex soricinoides, 112 Picrodus siberlingi, 210, 223 Platygonus bicalcaratus, 659 Plesiosoricidae, 54, 59, 60, 92, 112, 119 Picromomyidae, 168, 212, 216, 230 Platygonus pearcei, 659 Plesiothomomys, 444 Picromomys, 168, 216, 229, 230 Platygonus vetus, 659 Plesippus, 679 Picromomys petersonorum, 210, 216 Platylithax, 515, 585, 599 Plesippus francesana, 679 Piezodus, 296 Platylithax robusta, 585 Plesippus idahoensis, 679 Pilosa, 129, 130, 130, 132, 152, 147, 149, 150, Platyphoca, 512, 517, 546, 548, 550, 553 Plesispermophilus, 382 154, 158 Platyphoca vulgaris, 548, 549 Plesispermophilus ernii, 382 Pinnarctidion, 512, 517, 527, 539 Platypittamys, 328 Pleurocyon,73 Pinnarctidion bishopi, 527, 528 Plecotus, 186 Pleurocyon magnus,73 Pinnarctidion rayi, 528 Plecotus rafinesquii, 186 Pleurolicus, 283, 339, 340, 430, 434, 443, 449 Pinnipedia, 509, 511, 512, 513, 514, 517, 519, Pleiolama, 663 Pleurolicus copei, 443 525, 543, 544 Plesiadapidae, 167, 168, 212, 224, 231 Pleurolicus dakotensis, 443 Pinnipediformes, 512 Plesiadapiformes, 166, 167, 200, 207, 208, 211 Pleurolicus diplophysus, 443 Pinnipedimorpha, 511, 512, 544 biology and evolutionary patterns, 229–32 Pleurolicus exiguus, 443 Pipestoneomys, 278, 394, 402 defining features, 208 Pleurolicus hemingfordensis, 443 Pipestoneomys bisulcatus, 394 systematics, 208–11 Pleurolicus leptophrys, 434, 443 Pipestoneomys pattersoni, 394 Plesiadapis, 162, 163, 167, 168, 170, 207, 208, Pleurolicus selardsi, 443 Pipistrellus, 191 209, 224, 229, 231 Pleurolicus sulcifrons, 429, 443 Pipistrellus hesperus, 191 Plesiadapis anceps, 209, 224 Pliauchenia, 662 Piscobalaena, 612 Plesiadapis churchilli, 224 Pliauchenia humphresiana, 663 Piscobalaena nanna, 612 Plesiadapis cookei, 224, 229 Plioctomys, 288, 481, 483, 489, 491, 494 Piscolithax, 515, 591, 599 Plesiadapis dubius, 224 Plioctomys mimomiformis, 489 Piscolithax boreios, 591 Plesiadapis farisi, 224 Plioctomys rinkeri, 489 Piscolithax longirostris, 591 Plesiadapis fodinatus, 224 Pliogale, 653 Piscolithax tedfordi, 591 Plesiadapis gidleyi, 224 Pliogale furlongi, 653 Piscophoca, 512 Plesiadapis gingerichi, 224 Pliogeomys, 288, 430, 445, 449 Pithanodelphis, 587 Plesiadapis jepseni, 224 Pliogeomys buisi, 445, 450, 451 Pithanodelphis nasalis, 587 Plesiadapis paskapooensis, 224 Pliogeomys caranzai, 446 Pithanotaria, 512, 527, 529, 539 Plesiadapis pearcei, 224 Pliogeomys parvus, 445 Pithanotaria starri, 529 Plesiadapis praecursor, 224 Pliogeomys russelli, 445 Pizonyx, 185 Plesiadapis rex, 224, 229 Pliogeomys sulcatus, 445 Pizonyx wheeleri, 185 Plesiadapis rubeyi, 224 Pliohippus, 675, 676, 678, 679, 679 Placentalia, 63 Plesiadapis simonsi, 224 Pliohippus fairbanksi, 676

Index 787

Pliohippus fossilatus, 672, 679 Pontobasileus, 515, 562, 563 Procaprolagus, 286, 295, 296, 297, 305, 306, Pliohippus mirabilis, 672, 679 Pontobasileus tuberculatus, 562 307 Pliohippus nobilis, 672, 679 Pontogeneus, 561 Procaprolagus gazini, 297 Pliohippus pernix, 672, 673, 678 Pontogeneus priscus, 561 Procaprolagus vetustus, 296 Pliohippus spectans, 673 Pontoleon, 533 Procaprolagus vusillus, 297 Pliohippus tantalus, 672, 676 Pontoleon magnus, 533 Procastoroides, 285, 287, 393, 401, 402 Pliohippus tehonense, 672, 676 Pontolis, 512, 517, 533, 539 Procastoroides idahoensis, 401 Pliolemmus, 288, 481, 483, 488, 491 Pontolis magnus, 533 Procastoroides intermedius, 401 Pliolemmus antiquus, 489 Pontophoca, 512 Procastoroides sweeti, 401 Pliolophus, 666 Pontoporia, 510, 515, 568, 580, 586, Procerberus, 53, 65, 67, 70, 71, 76 Pliolophus vulpiceps, 666 599 Procerberus formicarum,70 Pliometanastes, 132, 133, 149, 152, 154, 155, Pontoporia blainvillei, 586 Procerberus plutonis,70 156, 157 Pontoporiidae, 515, 518, 567, 599 Prochetodon, 13, 15, 23, 25, 33 Pliometanastes galushai, 154 Potamogalidae, 49, 89 Prochetodon cavus,25 Pliometanastes protistus, 154 Potamogetonaceae, 629 Prochetodon foxi,25 Pliomys, 485 Potamonycteris, 170, 184, 188, 190 Prochetodon speirsae,25 Plionarctos, 653 Potamonycteris biperforatus, 184 Prochetodon taxus,25 Plionarctos edensis, 653 Potamosiren, 632 Procranioceras, 665 Plionictis, 653 Potamotherium, 652 Procranioceras pawniensis, 665 Plionictis oaxacaenis, 653 Potos, 652 Procynodictis, 646 Plionictis ogygia, 653 Potosini, 652 Procynodictis progressus, 646 Plionycteris, 170, 186, 188, 190 Praekogia, 515, 574, 597 Procynodictis vulpiceps, 646 Plionycteris trusselli, 186, 190 Praekogia cedrosensis, 574 Procyon, 652 Pliopedia, 512, 517, 535, 539 Pratilepus, 289, 302, 307 Procyon lotor, 652 Pliopedia pacifica, 523, 535 Pratilepus kansasensis, 302 Procyonidae, 511, 652 Pliophenacomyinae, 288, 488, 491 Predicrostonyx, 483, 490 Procyonini, 652 Pliophenacomys, 288, 481, 483, 488, 491, 493 Predicrostonyx hopkinsi, 494 Prodesmatochoerus, 659, 660 Pliophenacomys dixonensis, 488 Premnoides, 166, 221, 230 Prodesmatochoerus periculorum, 661 Pliophenacomys finneyi, 488 Premnoides douglassi, 221 Prodesmatochoerus periculorum Pliophenacomys koenigswaldi, 488, 493 Preptotheria, 63, 268 periculorum, 661 Pliophenacomys osborni, 488 Presbymys, 276, 340, 347, 349 Prodiacodon, 53, 54, 56, 84, 84, 85, 86,87 Pliophenacomys primaevus, 488 Presbymys lophatus, 347 Prodiacodon concordiarcensis,85 Pliophenacomys wilsoni, 488 Primates, 82, 151, 161, 162, 167, 168, 176, 208, Prodiacodon crustulum,85 Pliophoca, 512, 517, 546, 549, 553 211, 244, 268 Prodiacodon furor,85 Pliophoca etrusca, 549, 550 Primatomorpha, 168, 211 Prodiacodon puercensis, 83,85 Pliopotamys, 485 Primonatalus, 170, 182, 188, 192 Prodiacodon tauricinerei,85 Pliopotamys meadensis, 486 Primonatalus prattae, 182, 191 Prodinoceras, 656 Pliopotamys minor, 486 Princetonia, 657 Prodipodomys, 288, 430, 441, 448 Pliosaccomys, 288, 430, 444, 449 Princetonia yalensis, 657 Prodipodomys centralis, 441 Pliosaccomys dubius, 444 Priodontes, 127 Prodipodomys coquorum, 441 Pliosaccomys higginsensis, 444 Prionessus,24 Prodipodomys griggsorum, 441 Pliosaccomys magnus, 444 Prionodelphis, 552 Prodipodomys idahoensis, 441 Pliosaccomys wilsoni, 435 Prionodelphis capensis, 552 Prodipodomys kansensis, 441 Pliotaxidea, 653 Priscodelphinus, 515, 594, 595, 596, 598 Prodipodomys mascallensis, 441 Pliotaxidea nevadensis, 652, 653 Priscodelphinus actutidens, 596 Prodipodomys minor, 441 Pliotomodon, 288, 460, 467, 475 Priscodelphinus atropius, 595, 596 Prodipodomys riversidensis, 441 Pliotomodon primitivus, 467 Priscodelphinus conradi, 595, 596 Prodipodomys tiheni, 441 Pliozapus, 287, 408, 411, 413 Priscodelphinus crassangulum, 572 Prodipodomys timoteoensis, 441 Pliozapus solus, 411 Priscodelphinus harlani, 596 Progeomys, 445 Plithocyon, 653 Priscodelphinus spinosus, 594 Progeomys sulcatus, 445 Poamys, 468 Priscodelphinus squalodontoides, 596 Proheteromys, 284, 430, 434, 435, 436, 437, Podomys, 469 Priscodelphinus stenus, 595, 596 448 Poebrotherium¨ , 663 Pristinailurus, 652 Proheteromys bumpi, 437 Pogonodon, 654 Pristinaliurus bristoli, 652 Proheteromys cejanus, 437 Pogonodon davisi, 654 Pristiphoca, 549 Proheteromys fedti, 437 Pogonodon platycopsis, 654 Pristiphoca occitana, 549 Proheteromys floridanus, 437 Polydolopimorphia, 11, 12 Pristiphoca occitanicus, 549 Proheteromys gremmelsi, 437 Polymastodon,24 Proardynomys, 351 Proheteromys ironcloudi, 437 Polymastodontidae, 24 Probathyopsis, 656 Proheteromys magnus, 437 Pomatodelphininae, 581 Problastomeryx, 664 Proheteromys matthewi, 437 Pomatodelphis, 515, 572, 581, 598 Problastomeryx primus, 664 Proheteromys maximus, 435 Pomatodelphis bobengi, 582 Proboscidea, 151, 513, 514, 666, 685 Proheteromys nebraskensis, 437 Pomatodelphis inaequalis, 581, 582 Procamelus, 662, 663 Proheteromys parvus, 437 Pontifactor, 54, 55, 57, 92, 107, 109, 118 Procamelus grandis, 663 Proheteromys sabinensis, 437 Pontifactor bestiola, 107, 109, 110 Procamelus occidentalis, 663 Proheteromys sulculus, 436

Index 788

Proheteromys (cont.) Proroziphius, 580 Protictis, 646 Proheteromys thorpei, 437 Proroziphius chonops, 580 Protictis minor, 646 Proheteromys toledoensis, 437 Proroziphius macrops, 580 Protictis paralus, 646 Prokennalestes,84 Proscalopidae, 54, 57, 58, 91, 93, 100, 120 Protictis simpsoni, 646 Prolagus, 296 Proscalops, 54, 57, 58, 58, 59, 93, 101, 120 Protictops, 106 Prolapsus, 276, 326, 328, 328, 329, 330, 331, Proscalops evelynae, 90, 101 Protictops alticuspidens, 106 332, 500, Proscalops intermedius, 101 Protitanops, 667, 668, 668, 669, 670 501 Proscalops miocaenus, 101 Protitanops curryi, 671 Prolapsus junctionis, 330 Proscalops secundus, 101 Protitanotherium, 667, 668, 669 Prolapsus sibilatorius, 327, 330 Proscalops tertius, 101 Protitanotherium emarginatum, 669, 671 Prolimnocyon, 646 Prosciuridae, 377, 378 Protitanotherium superbum, 669, 671 Prolipotes, 585 Prosciurinae, 348, 377 Protoadapis, 208, 252 Promartes, 652 Prosciurus, 278, 281, 320, 357, 359, 360, 363, Protobalaena, 621, 622 Promeniscomys, 388 378, 379, 379, 380, 381, 387, 388 Protobarbouromeryx, 664 Promerycochoerinae, 660 Prosciurus albiclivus, 379 Protobarbouromeryx sweeti, 664 Promerycochoerus, 660, 661 Prosciurus ballovianus, 361 Protoceras, 662 Promerycochoerus carrikeri, 660 Prosciurus dawsonae, 381 Protoceras celer, 662 Promerycochoerus chelydra, 660 Prosciurus jeffersoni, 360 Protoceratidae, 658, 661, 662 Promerycochoerus superbus, 660 Prosciurus lohiculus, 347 Protocetidae, 508, 515, 557, 558, 559, 560, 563 Promimomyinae, 288, 483, 491, 492 Prosciurus magnus, 379 Protocetinae, 559, 560 Promimomys, 288, 481, 483, 483, 491 Prosciurus minor, 379 Protocetus, 509, 559, 561, 563 Promimomys antiquus, 492 Prosciurus parvus, 379 Protodobenus, 512 Promimomys cor, 483 Prosciurus relictus, 379 Protrogomorpha, 269, 271 Promimomys mimus, 483, 492, 493 Prosciurus vetustus, 379 Protohippus, 675, 676, 678, 679 Promioclaenus, 656 Prosciurus wortmani, 364 Protohippus eohipparion, 678 Promioclaenus acolytus, 657 Prosigmodon, 284, 285, 288, 460, 472, 475 Protohippus gidleyi, 672, 678 Promioclaenus lemuroides, 657 Prosigmodon chihuahuensis, 472 Protohippus perditus, 672 Promioclaenus wilsoni, 657 Prosigmodon holocuspis, 472 Protohippus proparvulus, 678 Promylagaulinae, 281, 378, 384, 387 Prosigmodon oroscoi, 472 Protohippus supremus, 672 Promylagaulus, 281, 380, 385, 387 Prosinopa, 252 Protohydrochaerus, 264 Promylagaulus lemhiensis, 385 Prosomys, 483 Protolabinae, 663 Promylagaulus riggsi, 385 Prosqualodon, 510, 568, 583 Protolabis, 662, 663 Proneofiber, 494 Prosqualodontidae, 583 Protolabis gracilis, 659, 663 Proneofiber guildayi, 494 Prosthennops, 659 Protolabis heterodontus, 663 Proneotherium, 512, 517, 527, 533, 539 Prosthennops serus, 659 Protomarctus, 648, 649, 650 Proneotherium repenningi, 533 Prosthennops xiphidonticus, 659 Protomarctus optatus, 650 Pronodens, 664 Prosynthetoceras, 661, 662 Protomomys, 245 Pronothodectes, 167, 224, 225, 229, 231 Prosynthetoceras francisi, 662 Protomomys belgica, 245 Pronothodectes gaoi, 224 Prosynthetoceras orthrionanus, 661 Protopliophenacomys, 288, 481, 483, 488, 491, Pronothodectes intermedius, 225 Prosynthetoceras texanus, 662 493 Pronothodectes jepi, 224 Protadjidaumo, 279, 417, 420, 424 Protopliophenacomys parkeri, 488 Pronothodectes matthewi, 224, 225 Protadjidaumo altilophus, 420 Protoptychidae, 270, 272, 274, 276, 500, 501, Pronothodectes simpsoni, 225 Protadjidaumo burkei, 419 504 Pronotolagus, 284, 286, 289, 297, 301, 307 Protadjidaumo pauli, 420 Protoptychus, 275, 276, 278, 279, 336, 339, 500, Pronotolagus albus, 301 Protadjidaumo typus, 420 501, 503, 504 Pronotolagus apachensis, 301 Protapirus, 680, 681 Protoptychus hatcheri, 500, 501, 510 Pronotolagus nevadensis, 301 Protapirus simplex, 680 Protoptychus smithi, 501 Pronotolagus whitei, 301 Protapirus validus, 680 Protoreodon, 660 Propalaeanodon, 131, 132, 138, 138, 139, 143 Protentomodon, 53, 67, 69, 76, 107 Protoreodon annectans, 660 Propalaeanodon schaffi, 139 Protentomodon ursirivalis,69 Protoreodon annectans tardus, 660 Propalaeosinopa,71 Protepicyon, 648, 649, 651 Protoreodon minimus, 661 Propalaeosinopa albertensis,71 Protepicyon raki, 651 Protoreodon parvus, 660 Propalaeosinopa diluculi,71 Protericini, 95 Protoreodon petersoni, 661 Propalaeosinopa thomsoni,71 Proterix, 54, 57, 58, 92, 94,95 Protoreodon walshi, 660 Prophoca, 547 Proterix bicuspis,95 Protorohippus, 673, 674, 677 Prophoca proxima, 547 Proterix loomisi,95 Protorohippus montanum, 673 Propithecus, 242 Proterixoides, 57, 92, 94,99 Protorohippus venticolum, 673 Propliophenacomys, 488 Proterixoides davisi, 99, 100 Protosciurus, 279, 280, 339, 358, 359, 360, 361, Propliophenacomys parkeri, 488 Proteutheria, 49, 50, 53, 56, 58, 63, 76, 77,91 371, 372, 378 Proprimates, 208 biology and evolutionary patterns, 53–4, Protosciurus condoni, 361 Prorastomidae, 515, 518, 632, 632, 636 75–8, 548 Protosciurus douglassi, 360 Prorastomus, 513, 514, 518, 632, 633, 636 defining features, 63–6 Protosciurus jeffersoni, 321, 360, 378 Prorastomus sirenoides, 514, 633 systematics, 52–3 Protosciurus mengi, 361, 372 Prorosmarus, 512, 517, 535, 539 Prothryptacodon, 657 Protosciurus rachelae, 361 Prorosmarus alleni, 535, 536, 537 Prothryptacodon albertensis, 657 Protosciurus tecuyensis, 361

Index 789

Protoselene, 657 Pseudocylindrodon lateriviae, 345 Ptilodus gidleyi,31 Protosiren, 514, 518, 632, 633, 636 Pseudocylindrodon medius, 337, 338, 345 Ptilodus gnomus,25 Protosiren fraasi, 633 Pseudocylindrodon neglectus, 345 Ptilodus kummae,25 Protosirenidae, 515, 518, 632, 633, 636 Pseudocylindrodon pintoensis, 345 Ptilodus mediaevus,25 Protosorex, 113 Pseudocylindrodon texanus, 345 Ptilodus montanus,25 Protospermophilus, 280, 358, 359, 363, 366, Pseudocylindrodon tobeyi, 345 Ptilodus tsosiensis,25 371, 372 Pseudocynodictis, 647 Ptilodus wyomingensis,25 Protospermophilus angusticeps, 364 Pseudocynodictis pavidus, 647 Puercolestes, 65, 69 Protospermophilus kelloggi, 364 Pseudodiplacodon, 670 Pugmeodon, 634 Protospermophilus malheurensis, 364 Pseudodiplacodon progressum, 670 Pugmeodon schinzii, 634 Protospermophilus oregonensis, 364 Pseudomyscus, 285, 469 Pulverflumen, 219, 220 Protospermophilus quatalensis, 363, 364, 372 Pseudomyscus bathygnathus, 469 Pulverflumen magnificum, 220 Protospermophilus tephrus, 366 Pseudopalaeocastor, 281, 393, 393, 397, 402 Purgatoriidae, 211, 212 Protospermophilus vortmani, 364 Pseudopalaeocastor barbouri, 397 Purgatoriinae, 211 Prototaria, 512 Pseudopalaeocastor osmagnus, 397 Purgatorius, 164, 165, 166, 171, 213, 229, 230, Prototheria, 7 Pseudoparablastomeryx, 664 232 Prototherium, 516, 632 Pseudoparablastomeryx advena, 664 Purgatorius ceratops, 213 Prototomus, 252, 645 Pseudoparamyini, 317 Purgatorius janisae, 213 Prototomus jarrovii, 252 Pseudoprotoceras, 662 Purgatorius titusi, 213 Prototomus phobus, 646 Pseudoprotoceras seminictus, 662 Purgatorius unio, 213 Prototomus robustus, 646 Pseudorca, 515, 592, 593, 599 Pusa, 512 Protungulatum, 107 Pseudorca crassidens, 593 Protungulatum donnae, 656, 657 Pseudorhynchocyoninae, 84 Qaisracetus, 559 Protungulatum gorgun, 657 Pseudotetonius, 169, 243, 246, 254, 255 Quadratomus, 277, 314, 316, 317, 322, 323 Protungulatum sloani, 657 Pseudotetonius ambiguus, 246 Quadratomus gigans, 317 Proturocyon, 647 Pseudotheridomys, 282, 417, 423, 424 Quadratomus grandis, 316, 317 Proturocyon macdonaldi, 647 Pseudotheridomys cuyamensis, 423 Quadratomus grossus, 317 Protylopus, 661 Pseudotheridomys hesperus, 423 Quadratomus sundelli, 317 Protylopus robustus, 661 Pseudotheridomys pagei, 423 Quadrodens, 54, 58, 58, 93, 102, 120 Protylopus stocki, 661 Pseudotheridomys parvulus, 423 Quadrodens wilsoni, 102 Psalidocyon, 648, 649, 650 Pseudotomus, 275, 277, 279, 312, 314, 316, 317, Psalidocyon mariannae, 650 320, 321, 322, 323 Ragnarok, 657 Pseudadjidaumo, 282, 417, 417, 420, 424 Pseudotomus californicus, 317 Ragnarok nordicum, 657 Pseudadjidaumo douglassi, 421 Pseudotomus coloradensis, 320 Rakomeryx, 664 Pseudadjidaumo quartzi, 421 Pseudotomus eugenei, 317 Rakomeryx sinclairi, 664 Pseudadjidaumo russelli, 421 Pseudotomus hians, 317 Rasellidae, 509 Pseudadjidaumo stirtoni, 420, 421 Pseudotomus horribilis, 317 Rapamys, 277, 314, 315, 317, 322 Pseudaelurus, 655 Pseudotomus johanniculi, 317 Rapamys fricki, 317 Pseudaelurus aeluroides, 655 Pseudotomus littoralis, 317 Rapamys wilsoni, 317 Pseudaelurus hibbardi, 655 Pseudotomus petersoni, 317 Raphictis, 646 Pseudaelurus intrepidus, 655 Pseudotomus robustus, 317 Raphictis gausion, 646 Pseudaelurus marshi, 655 Pseudotomus timmys, 317 Rattus, 323, 339 Pseudaelurus sinclairi, 655 Pseudotrimylus, 54, 57, 58, 59, 59, 93, 113, 119 Ravenictis,75 Pseudaelurus skinneri, 655 Pseudotrimylus compressus, 113 Reithrodontomys, 288, 460, 470, 474, 475 Pseudaelurus stouti, 655 Pseudotrimylus dakotensis, 113 Reithrodontomys galushai, 470 Pseudaelurus validus, 655 Pseudotrimylus mawbyi, 113 Reithrodontomys humilis, 470 Pseudallomys, 381 Pseudotrimylus roperi, 113 Reithrodontomys megalotis, 470 Pseudallomys nexodens, 381 Pteralopex, 164 Reithrodontomys moorei, 470 Pseudaplodon, 380, 383, 388 Pterogaulus, 281, 287, 380, 386, 387 Reithrodontomys pratincola, 470 Pseudaplodon occidentale, 383 Pterogaulus barbarellae, 386 Reithrodontomys rexroadensis, 470 Pseudhipparion, 672, 675, 678, 679 Pterogaulus cambridgensis, 386 Reithrodontomys wetmorei, 470 Pseudhipparion curtivallum, 677 Pterogaulus laevis, 379, 386 Reithroparamyidae, 270 Pseudhipparion hessei, 677 Pteronarctos, 512, 517, 528, 539 Reithroparamyinae, 277, 318, 322, 323, 326, 328 Pseudhipparion simpsoni, 677 Pteronarctos goedertae, 528 Reithroparamyini, 318 Pseudhipparion skinneri, 677 Pteronarctos piersoni, 528 Reithroparamys, 277, 312, 314, 314, 315, 318, Pseudictopidae, 268 Pteronotus, 190, 191 321, 322, 339, 357 Pseudobassaris, 652 Pteronotus parnellii, 190, 191 Reithroparamys ctenodactylops, 318 Pseudoblastomeryx, 664 Pteropodidae, 176, 178, 179, 189 Reithroparamys debequensis, 318 Pseudoblastomeryx advena, 664 Ptilocercus, 163, 164, 200 Reithroparamys delicatissimus, 318 Pseudoceras, 664 Ptilocercus lowii, 168, 211 Reithroparamys gidleyi, 318 Pseudochrysochloris, 141 Ptilodontidae, 8, 13, 23, 24, 33 Reithroparamys huerfanensis, 318 Pseudochrysochloris yoderensis, 141 Ptilodontoidea, 22 Reithroparamys matthewi, 318 Pseudocylindrodon, 276, 336, 337, 340, 341, Ptilodus, 13, 15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 31, 33 Reithroparamys sciuroides, 318, 321 345, 349, 350, 351 Ptilodus douglassi,24 Remiculus, 107, 201 Pseudocylindrodon citofluminis, 345 Ptilodus fractus,25 Remingtonocetidae, 508, 558

Index 790

Remingtoncetus, 509, 559 Sanctimus falkenbachi, 434 Schizodelphis bobengi, 582 Repomys, 288, 460, 466, 475 Sanctimus simonisi, 434 Schizodelphis crassangulum, 572 Repomys arizonensis, 467 Sanctimus stouti, 434 Schizodelphis depressus, 582 Repomys gustelyi, 466, 467 Sanctimus stuartae, 434 Schizodelphis sulcatus, 572 Repomys maxumi, 467 Sanctimus tiptoni, 434 Schizodontomys, 284, 430, 438, 448 Repomys panacaensis, 467 Sandcoulean, 4 Schizodontomys amnicolus, 439 Reynoldsomys, 288, 430, 444, 449 Satherium, 653 Schizodontomys greeni, 438, 439 Reynoldsomys timoteoensis, 444 Satherium ingens, 653 Schizodontomys harkensi, 439 Rhabdinorhinus, 671 Satherium piscinarium, 653 Schizodontomys sulcidens, 439 Rhabdinorhinus abbotti, 671 Saturninia, 92, 107 Schlosseria, 680 Rhabdinorhinus diploconus, 671 Saturninia beata, 107 Sciuravida, 271, 340, 351 Rhabdosteidae, 596 Saturninia gracilis, 107 Sciuravidae, 271, 272, 274, 276, 313, 326, 327, Rhabdosteus, 515, 596, 598 Saturniniinae, 107 328, 329, 332, 333, 340 Rhabdosteus barnesi, 572 Saurocetus, 515, 570, 597 biology and evolutionary patterns, 331–3 Rhabdosteus latiradix, 596 Saurocetus gibbesii, 570 defining features, 326–7 Rhadiorhinina, 667 Saxonella, 167, 228, 229, 231 systematics, 327–9 Rhegnopsis, 516, 621, 624 Saxonella crepaturae, 209, 228 Sciuravinae, 327 Rhegnopsis palaeatlantica, 621, 622 Saxonella naylori, 228 Sciuravus, 276, 326, 327, 328, 328, 329, 330, Rhinoceros, 672, 684 Saxonellidae, 167, 212, 228, 231 331, 332, 339, 350 Rhinoceros americanus, 672 Saxonellinae, 228 Sciuravus altidens, 329 Rhinoceros crassus, 683, 684, 686 Scaldicetus, 515, 577, 597 Sciuravus bridgeri, 329 Rhinoceros oregonensis, 683, 684, 686 Scaldicetus caretti, 577 Sciuravus depressus, 327, 330 Rhinocerotidae, 681, 682, 684 Scalopini, 58, 60, 103, 120 Sciuravus eucristadens, 329 Rhinocerotoidea, 685 Scalopoides, 54, 58, 58, 59, 93, 103, 120 Sciuravus nitidus, 326, 327, 327, 329 Rhinolophidae, 179 Scalopoides isodens, 103 Sciuravus parvidens, 331 Rhinolophinae, 178 Scalopoides ripafodiator, 103, 386 Sciuravus popi, 329 Rhinopomatidae, 178 Scalopus, 54, 58, 59, 60, 93, 104, 120 Sciuravus powayensis, 329, 331 Rhinophyllinae, 180 Scalopus aquaticus, 104 Sciuravus rarus, 329, 331 Rhizocyon, 648, 649, 649 Scalopus blancoensis, 104 Sciuravus undans, 329 Rhizocyon oregonensis, 649 Scalopus mcgrewi, 104 Sciuravus wilsoni, 329 Rhizomydae, 270 Scalopus rexroadi, 104 Sciurida, 270 Rhizomops, 183 Scalopus ruficervus, 104 Sciuridae, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 287, 321, Rhombomylidae, 268 Scalopus sewardensis, 104 355, 357, 358, 359, 370, 371, 425 Rhombomylus, 268 Scalopus townsendii, 104 biology and evolutionary patterns, 370–3 Rhynchocyon,87 Scandentia, 161, 162, 165, 167, 168, 176, defining features, 355–7 Rhyncotherium, 684, 686 211, 268 systematics, 357 Rhyncotherium flaconeri, 686 Scapanoscapter, 58, 93, 104, 120 Sciurinae, 287, 358, 358, 359, 361, 371 Rhyncotherium praecursor, 686 Scapanoscapter simplicidens, 104 Sciurini, 275, 358, 358, 359, 361, 370, 371, 372 Rhytisidon, 583 Scapanus, 54, 58, 60, 93, 104, 120 Sciurognathi, 269, 271 Ribodon, 518, 632, 633, 636 Scapanus hagermanensis, 104 Sciuroidea, 270, 272, 313, 357 Ribodon limbatus, 633 Scapanus latimanus, 104 Sciurion, 280, 358, 359, 370, 371, 372 Rodentia, 82, 151, 263, 267, 268, 268, 270, 271, Scapanus malatinus, 104 Sciurion campestre, 370 272, 273, 274, 295, 313, 340, 378, 412, 498 Scapanus proceridens, 104 Sciuromorpha, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, Rodentiaformes, 313 Scapanus schultzi, 104 340, 357, 393, 416 Rodhocetus, 509, 559 Scapanus townsendii, 104 Sciuropterus, 359, 369 Romerolagus, 293, 305 Scaphohippus, 673, 675, 676, 678 Sciuropterus jamesi, 369 Ronquillomyini, 287, 422, 424 Scaphohippus intermontanus, 676 Sciuropterus mathewsi, 369 Ronquillomys, 287, 417, 417, 422, 424 Scaphohippus sumani, 673 Sciuropterus minimus, 369 Ronquillomys wilsoni, 422 Scaphokogia, 515, 574, 597 Sciuropterus uphami, 369 Rooneyia, 169, 239, 250, 255, 256 Scaphokogia cochlearis, 574 Sciurus, 280, 283, 339, 340, 346, 357, 360, 361, Rooneyia viejaensis, 250 Scaptochirus, 103 363, 364, 365, 371, 372 Rooneyiini, 256 Scaptochirus primaevus, 103 Sciurus aberti, 366 Rudiomys, 281, 380, 383, 387 Scenopaginae, 98 Sciurus angusticeps, 364 Rudiomys mcgrewi, 383, 384 Scenopagus, 56, 57, 92, 94,98 Sciurus arctomyoides, 362 Ruminantia, 662 Scenopagus curtidens,98 Sciurus ballovianus, 361 Russellagus, 289, 296, 304, 306, 307 Scenopagus edeneis,98 Sciurus jeffersoni, 360 Russellagus vonhofi, 304 Scenopagus hewettensis,98 Sciurus malheurensis, 364 Rytina, 621, 634 Scenopagus priscus,98 Sciurus olsoni, 362 Rytiodus, 632 Scenopagus proavus,98 Sciurus saskatchewanensis, 346 Scenopagus mcgrewi,98 Sciurus striatus, 364 Saghacetus, 559 Schaubeumys, 410, 412 Sciurus tecuyensis, 361 Salumiphocoena, 591, 515, 599 Schaubeumys cartomylos, 410 Sciurus tephrus, 366 Salumiphocoena stocktoni, 591, 592 Schaubeumys sabrae, 410 Sciurus venturus, 363 Sanctimus, 283, 430, 433, 434, 447 Schaubia, 154 Sciurus vortmani, 364 Sanctimus clasoni, 434 Schizodelphis, 515, 572, 581, 597 Sciurus vulgaris, 361

Index 791

Scottimus, 285, 458, 460, 461, 462, 475 Simpsonictis, 646 Soricoidea, 55, 57, 59, 106 Scottimus ambiguus, 462 Simpsonictis jaynanneae, 646 Soricomorpha, 54, 91, 92, 92, 105, 118, 119 Scottimus exiguus, 462 Simpsonlemur, 219 Sotalia, 592 Scottimus kellamorum, 462 Simpsonlemur citatus, 219 Sousa, 592 Scottimus longiquus, 462 Simsponlemur jepseni, 219 Spalachidae, 270 Scottimus lophatus, 462 Sinclairella, 54, 56, 56, 58, 67, 74, 76 Spermophilina, 359 Scottimus viduus, 462 Sinclairella dakotensis, 64,74 Spermophilus, 280, 287, 339, 340, 350, 357, Scraeva, 107 Sinclairomeryx, 664 358, 359, 365, 366, 371, 372, 373 Sespecyon,73 Sinclairomeryx riparius, 664 Spermophilus argonautus, 366 Sespedectes, 57, 92, 94, 99, 107 Sinocastor, 391 Spermophilus bensoni, 366 Sespedectes singularis,99 Sinodelphys,8 Spermophilus boothi, 366 Sespedectes stocki,99 Sinodelphys szalayi,9 Spermophilus citellus, 366 Sespedectidae, 54, 57, 58, 94, 98, 100 Sinomylagaulus, 388 Spermophilus cragini, 356 Sespedectinae, 99 Sinopa, 646 Spermophilus cyanocittus, 366 Sespemys, 276, 279, 340, 348, 349 Sinopa minor, 646 Spermophilus dotti, 366 Sespemys thurstoni, 348 Sinopa rapax, 646 Spermophilus ﬁnlayensis, 366 Sespia, 661 Sinosminthus, 456 Spermophilus fricki, 366, 373 Sespia nitida, 661 Siphonocetus, 516, 622, 624 Spermophilus gidleyi, 366 Sewelleladon, 281, 380, 384, 387 Siphonocetus clarkianus, 622 Spermophilus howelli, 366 Sewelleladon predontia, 384 Siphonocetus expansus, 622 Spermophilus jerae, 366 Shamolagus, 295 Siphonocetus priscus, 622 Spermophilus johnsoni, 366 Shoshonius, 169, 241, 243, 248, 254, 255 Sirenia, 151, 507, 509, 513, 514, 514, 518, 518, Spermophilus junturensis, 366 Shoshonius bowni, 248 519, 576, 629, 632, 636 Spermophilus matchicensis, 366 Shoshonius cooperi, 248 biology and evolutionary patterns, 635–7 Spermophilus matthewi, 366 Sicista, 406 deﬁning features, 629–31 Spermophilus mcgheei, 366 Sicistinae, 287, 406, 407, 408, 408, 410, 413 systematics, 631–2 Spermophilus mckayensis, 373 Sifrihippus, 673, 674, 677 Skinneroceras, 682, 683, 685 Spermophilus meadensis, 366 Sifrihippus sandrae, 673 Skinneroceras manningi, 682 Spermophilus meltoni, 366 Sigmodon, 288, 350, 460, 472, 473, 474, 475 Smilodectes, 169, 242, 244, 252, 256, 257, 258 Spermophilus primitivus, 366 Sigmodon bakeri, 473 Smilodectes gingerichi, 253 Spermophilus rexroadensis, 366 Sigmodon curtisi, 473 Smilodectes gracilis, 252 Spermophilus russelli, 366 Sigmodon hispidus, 473 Smilodectes mcgrewi, 252 Spermophilus shotwelli, 366, 373 Sigmodon hudspethensis, 473 Smilodectes sororis, 252 Spermophilus tephrus, 366 Sigmodon libitinus, 473 Smilodon, 655 Spermophilus tuitus, 366 Sigmodon lindsayi, 473 Smilodon gracilis, 655 Spermophilus wellingtonensis, 366 Sigmodon medius, 473 Smutsia, 129 Spermophilus wilsoni, 366 Sigmodon minor, 473 Solenodon, 50, 52, 117, 657 Sphacorhysis, 169, 243, 247, 255 Sigmodontidae, 459 Solenodontidae, 49, 52, 89, 91, 92, Sphacorhysis burtforkensis, 247 Sigmodontini, 285, 460, 471, 475 117 Sphenocoelus, 667, 668, 669 Sigmophius, 399 Sorex, 54, 59, 60, 93, 103, 114, 116, 119 Sphenocoelus uintensis, 669, 671 Sigmophius lecontei, 400 Sorex (Notiosorex), 115 Sphenophalus, 665 Silvilagus, 302 Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi, 115 Sphenophalus nevadanus, 665 Silvilagus bensonensis, 302 Sorex aquaticus, 104 Sphenopsalis,24 Simiacritomys, 279, 417, 424, 456, 457 Sorex araneus, 114 Spilogale, 653 Simiacritomys whistleri, 417 Sorex cinereus, 114 Spilogale purtorius, 653 Simidectes, 56, 56, 67, 73, 77 Sorex compressus, 114 Spurimus, 278, 278, 348, 380, 380, 387 Simidectes magnus,73 Sorex cristatus, 103 Spurimus scottii, 380, 381 Simidectes medius,73 Sorex dixonensis, 114 Spurimus selbyi, 381 Simidectes merriami,73 Sorex edwardsi, 114 Squalodelphinidae, 515, 567, 580, 582, 598 Similisciurus, 280, 358, 359, 363, 371, 372 Sorex hagermanensis, 114 Squalodelphis, 582 Similisciurus maxwelli, 363 Sorex leahyi, 114 Squalodelphis fabiani, 582 Simimeryx, 663 Sorex meltoni, 114 Squalodon, 510, 515, 568, 583, 588 Simimyidae, 272, 459 Sorex palustris, 114 Squalodon atlanticus, 584 Simimys, 279, 327, 350, 408, 409, 413, 456, 457, Sorex parvus, 116 Squalodon calvertensis, 583 459 Sorex powersi, 114 Squalodon crassus, 584 Simimys landeri, 409 Sorex rexroadensis, 114 Squalodon debilis, 584 Simimys murinus, 409 Sorex sandersi, 114 Squalodon errabundus, 581, 584 Simimys simplex, 409 Sorex talpoides, 116 Squalodon gratelupi, 583 Simimys vetus, 409 Sorex taylori, 114 Squalodon holmesii, 584, 595 Simocetidae, 515, 570, 597 Sorex vireti, 114 Squalodon mento, 588 Simocetus, 515, 566, 571, 597 Sorex yatkolai, 114 Squalodon modesta, 584 Simocetus rayi, 566, 571 Soricidae, 49, 52, 52, 54, 59, 60, 89, 91, 92, 93, Squalodon pelagius, 584 Simonycteris, 170, 185, 186, 188, 190 112, 120, 355 Squalodon protervus, 584 Simonycteris stocki, 186 Soricinae, 60, 93, 114, 120 Squalodon teidmani, 583 Simplicidentata, 267, 268, 268 Soricini, 59, 93, 114, 120 Squalodon typicus, 583

Index 792

Squalodon (cont.) Strigorhysis huerfanensis, 247 Taeniolabididae, 8, 13, 21, 23, 24, 30, 33 Squalodon whitmorei, 583 Strigorhysis rugosus, 247 Taeniolabidoidea, 22, 24 Squalodon wymanii, 584 Strobodon, 647, 651 Taeniolabis, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 33 Squalodontidae, 518, 567, 568, 580, 583 Strobodon stirtoni, 651 Taeniolabis lamberti,31 Squalodontinae, 583 Stygimys, 13, 14, 22, 29, 33,34 Taeniolabis taoensis, 30, 31 Squaloziphius, 510, 515, 568, 572, 597 Stygimys camptorhiza,29 Takra, 169 Squaloziphius emlongi, 572, 573 Stygimys cupressus,29 Takradectes, 169 Stagodontidae, 11, 12 Stygimys gratus,29 Talpa, 103 Stegomastodon, 686 Stygimys jepseni,29 Talpa platybrachys, 104 Stegomastodon mirificus, 686 Stygimys kuszmauli, 21,29 Talpavoides, 55, 57, 92, 94,97 Stegomastodon primitivus, 686 Stygimys teilhardi,29 Talpavoides dartoni,97 Stegomastodon rexroadensis, 686 Stygimys vastus,29 Talpavus, 55, 57, 92, 94, 98, 106 Stehlinella,74 Stypolophus,85 Talpavus conjectus,98 Stehlinella uintensis,74 Stypolophus bicuspis,85 Talpavus duplus,98 Stehlinia, 168, 170, 180, 181, 188, 192 Suaptenos, 170, 184, 188, 190, 192 Talpavus nitidus,98 Stehlinia gracilis, 181 Suaptenos whitei, 184, 190 Talpavus sullivani,98 Stehlinius,74 Subhyracodon, 682, 683, 684, 685 Talpidae, 49, 52, 52, 54, 58, 60, 89, 91, 93, 101, Stehlinius uintensis,74 Subhyracodon kewi, 682 120, 187 Steinius, 169, 240, 243, 250, 254, 255 Subhyracodon mitis, 681, 682 Talpinae, 58, 60, 103, 104, 120 Steinius annectens, 251 Subhyracodon occidentalis, 682 Talpininae, 102, 120 Steinius vespertinus, 250, 251 Submerycochoerus, 660 Talpohenach, 166, 222, 230 Stenella, 515, 592, 593, 594, 599 Subsumus, 409 Talpohenach torrejonius, 222 Stenella attenuata, 593 Subsumus cadelariae, 409 Talpoidea, 54, 57, 58, 60, 93, 100, 120 Steneofiber, 395, 397, 398, 399, 401 Suidae, 558 Tamias, 280, 283, 287, 355, 358, 359, 362, 364, Steneofiber barbouri, 397 Suncus,50 371, 372 Steneofiber brachyceps, 398 Sundatheria, 168 Tamias ateles, 362 Steneofiber complexus, 399 Sus, 503 Tamias leucurus, 365 Steneofiber gradatus, 397 Sus hydrochaeris, 503 Tamias malloryi, 364 Steneofiber hesperus, 395 Swaindelphys, 13, 14, 41, 43, 45 Tamias sibricus, 372 Steneofiber montanus, 395 Swaindelphys cifellii,43 Tamias striatus, 364 Steneofiber nebrascensis, 397 Syllophodus, 342 Tamiini, 280, 287, 358, 358, 359, 364, 370, Steneofiber pansus, 399 Sylvilagus, 268, 289, 301, 302, 305, 306, 307 371 Steneofiber peninsulatus, 397 Sylvilagus bensonensis, 302 Tanymykter, 663 Steneofiber sciuroides, 397 Sylvilagus floridanus, 302 Tanyorhinus, 669 Steninae, 592 Sylvilagus hibbardi, 302 Tanyorhinus blairi, 669, 671 Steno, 592, 593 Sylvilagus sylvaticus, 302 Tanyorhinus bridgeri, 669, 671 Steno attenuata, 593 Sylvilagus webbi, 302 Tanyorhinus harundivorax, 669, 672 Stenodelphis, 585 Symborodon, 672 Tapiravus, 680, 681 Stenodelphis sternbergi, 585 Symborodon altirostris, 672 Tapiravus polkensis, 680, 681 Stenodermatinae, 180 Symborodon bucco, 672 Tapiridae, 680, 681 Stenoechinus, 58, 59, 92, 94,95 Symborodon copei, 672 Tapiroidea, 680 Stenoechinus tantalus,95 Symborodon hypoceras, 672 Tapirus, 680, 681 Stenomylinae, 663 Symborodon torvus, 672 Tapirus bairdii, 681 Stenomylus, 663 Symborodon trigonoceras, 672 Tapirus haysii, 681 Steropodon,10 Symmetrodonta, 11 Tapirus indicus, 681 Sthenictis, 653 Symmetrodontomys, 288, 460, 472, 475 Tapirus johnsoni, 680, 681 Sthenictis lacota, 653 Symmetrodontomys beckensis, 472 Tapirus pinchaque, 681 Sthenodectes, 667, 668, 669 Symmetrodontomys daamsi, 472 Tapirus polkensis, 681 Sthenodectes australis, 669, 671 Symmetrodontomys simplicidens, 472 Tapirus simpsoni, 681 Sthenodectes incisivum, 669 Synaptomys, 483, 489, 494 Tapirus terrestris, 680, 681 Sthenodectes priscum, 669 Synaptomys landesi, 490 Tapirus webbi, 681 Stibarus, 658 Synaptomys rinkeri, 489 Tapochoerus, 658 Stibarus montanus, 658 Synaptomys vetus, 490 Tapochoerus mcmillini, 658 Stilpnodon, 53, 84, 86,87 Synthetoceras, 661 Tapocyon, 646 Stilpnodon simplicidens, 87, 107 Synthetoceras davisorum, 661 Tapocyon dawsonae, 646 Stockia, 169, 243, 250, 255, 256 Synthetoceratinae, 662 Tapocyon occidentalis, 646 Stockia powayensis, 250 Systemodon, 253, 673 Tapocyon robustus, 646 Strathcona, 277, 314, 315, 319, 322 Systemodon tapirinus, 253, 673 Tapomys, 277, 314, 317, 322 Strathcona major, 319 Tapomys tapensis, 317 Strathcona minor, 319 Tachylagus, 286, 297, 298, 307 Tardigrada, 151 Stratimus, 284, 430, 439, 448 Tachylagus gawneae, 298 Tardontia, 281, 287, 380, 383, 387 Stratimus strobelli, 439 Tachypteron, 191 Tardontia nevadans, 383 Strigorhysis, 169, 243, 246, 254, 255 Tadarida, 170, 183, 188, 191, 192 Tardontia occidentale, 383 Strigorhysis bridgerensis, 246, Tadarida teniotis, 183 Tarka, 168, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 256 247 Taeniodonta, 66, 655 Tarka stylifera, 199, 203

Index 793

Tarkadectes, 168, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, Tenudomys basilaris, 434 Thomomys carsonensis, 444 256 Tenudomys bodei, 434 Thomomys gidleyi, 445 Tarkadectes montanensis, 203 Tenudomys dakotensis, 434 Thomomys orientalis, 445 Tarsiiformes, 211 Tenudomys macdonaldi, 434 Thomomys talpoides, 444 Tarsipes,9 Tenudomys titanus, 434 Thryptacodon, 657 Tarsipes rostratus,9 Tephrocyon, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651 Thryptacodon antiquus, 657 Tasmacetus, 510, 568, 578 Tephrocyon rurestris, 650 Thryptacodon australis, 657 Tatmanius, 169, 247, 254, 255 Tephrocyon scitulus, 647 Thryptacodon barae, 657 Tatmanius szalayi, 247 Tethytheria, 510, 513, 514 Thylacaelurus, 169, 169, 199, 201, 203, 204 Taxidea, 653 Tetoniini, 243 Thylacaelurus campester, 203 Taxidiinae, 653 Tetonius, 169, 224, 240, 241, 243, 245, 254, 255 Thylacaelurus montanus, 203 Taxymys, 276, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332 Tetonius ambiguus, 246 Thylacodon, 13, 13, 41, 43, 44, 45,71 Taxymys cuspidatus, 330 Tetonius homunculus, 245 Thylacodon pusilus,44 Taxymys lucaris, 331 Tetonius matthewi, 245 Thyronomyidae, 271, 501, 502 Taxymys progressus, 331 Tetonius mckennai, 245 Thyropteridae, 178, 179 Tayassuidae, 659 Tetonius rex, 224 Ticholeptinae, 660 Teilhardella,74 Tetonoides, 245, 246 Ticholeptus, 660 Teilhardella chardini,74 Tetonoides pearcei, 246 Ticholeptus bluei, 660 Teilhardina, 169, 171, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, Tetonoides tenuiculus, 245 Ticholeptus calimontanus, 660 254, 255, 256 Tetraclaenodon, 657 Ticholeptus zygomaticus, 660, Teilhardina americana, 241, 245 Tetraclaenodon puercensis, 657 661 Teilhardina asiatica, 242 Tetralophodon, 686 Tillodonta, 655 Teilhardina belgica, 242, 245 Tetralophodon campester, 686 Tillomys, 276, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 342 Teilhardina brandti, 242, 245 Tetrameryx, 665 Tillomys parvidens, 331 Teilhardina crassidens, 245 Tetrapassalus, 131, 132, 138, 138, 141, 143 Tillomys senex, 331 Teilhardina demissa, 245 Tetrapassalus mckennai, 141 Tillomys senior, 330 Teilhardina tenuicula, 245 Tetrapassalus proius, 141 Tinimomys, 166, 168, 216, 217, 218, 230 Teilhardini, 243 Texomys, 283, 430, 432, 447 Tinimomys graybulliensis, 209, 210, 217 Teleoceras, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686 Texomys ritchei, 432 Tinuvial, 656 Teleoceras americanum, 684 Texomys stewarti, 432 Tinuvial gazini, 656 Teleoceras brachyrhinum, 686 Thalassoleon, 512, 517, 529, 539 Tinuviel, 657 Teleoceras felicis, 683, 684, 686 Thalassoleon macnallyae, 530 Tinuviel eurydice, 657 Teleoceras fossiger, 684 Thalassoleon mexicanus, 60, 529 Tiphyocetus, 516, 617, 623 Teleoceras guymonensis, 684 Thelysia, 53, 56, 67, 71, 77 Tiphyocetus temblorensis, 617 Teleoceras hicksi, 684 Thelysia artemia,71 Titanoides, 656 Teleoceras major, 684 Theria, 7, 8, 10 Titanoides primaevus, 656 Teleoceras medicornutum, 684 Theridomorpha, 270, 313 Titanops, 672 Teleoceras meridianum, 684 Theridomyidae, 270 Titanops curtus, 672 Teleoceras proterum, 682, 684 Theridomys, 423 Titanops elatus, 672 Teleoceratinae, 683, 685, 686 Theridomys parvulus, 423 Titanops medius, 672 Teleodus, 672 Theridosorex, 112 Titanotheriomys, 320, 339, 340 Teleodus avus, 672 Theriiformes, 7 Titanotheriomys wyomingensis, 321 Teleodus californicus, 672 Theriomorpha, 11 Titanotherium, 672 Teleodus thyboi, 672 Theropithecus, 162 Titanotherium prouti, 672 Teleodus uintensis, 671 Theropithecus oswaldi, 162 Titanotherium ramosum, 672 Teletaceras, 682, 683, 685 Thinobadistes, 132, 133, 149, 152, 155, 156, Titanotylopus, 663 Teletaceras mortivallis, 682 157, 158 Toliapinidae, 212 Teletaceras radinskyi, 682 Thinobadistes sengnis, 155 Toliapina, 212 Telmatheriina, 667 Thinobadistes wetzeli, 155 Tomarctus, 648, 649, 650, 651 Telmatherium, 667, 668, 669 Thinocetus, 516, 617, 623 Tomarctus brevirostris, 651, 652 Telmatherium accola, 668, 669, 672 Thinocetus arthritus, 617 Tomarctus canavus, 650 Telmatherium advocata, 668, 669, 672 Thinocyon, 645 Tomarctus confertus, 650 Telmatherium altidens, 667, 668, 669, 671 Thinocyon velox, 646 Tomarctus euthos, 651 Telmatherium cultridens, 659, 663, 669 Thinohyus, 659 Tomarctus hippophaga, 651 Telmatherium incisivum, 671 Thinohyus lentus, 659 Tomarctus kelloggi, 650 Telmatherium ultimum, 639, 656, 669 Thinolestes, 252 Tomarctus marylandica, 650 Telmatherium validus, 671 Thisbemys, 277, 312, 314, 315, 316, 322, 339 Tomarctus optatus, 650 Telmatolestes, 252 Thisbemys corrugatus, 316 Tomarctus robustus, 651 Telmatotherium, 671 Thisbemys elachistos, 316 Tomarctus rurestris, 650 Telmatotherium cornutum, 671 Thisbemys medius, 316 Tomarctus temerarius, 651 Telmatotherium diploconus, 671 Thisbemys perditus, 316 Tomarctus thompsoni, 650 Temnocyon, 654 Thisbemys plicatus, 316 Tomitherium, 249, 252 Tenrecidae, 49, 52, 52, 89, 91 Thisbemys uintensis, 316 Tomitherium tutum, 253 Tenrecoidea, 52 Thomomyini, 442, 572 Tomopeatinae, 178 Tenudomys, 279, 283, 430, 434, 447 Thomomys, 288, 339, 340, 350, 430, 449, 451 Tonatia, 191

Index 794

Torrejonia, 166, 218, 222, 229, 230 Tursiops cortesii, 594 Utemylus, 656 Torrejonia sirokyi, 222 Tursiops ossenae, 594 Utemylus latomius, 656 Torrejonia wilsoni, 222 Tursiops truncatus, 594 Toxotherium, 681 Tylopoda, 662, 663 Valenictus, 512, 517, 536, 539 Toxotherium hunteri, 681 Tyrannomys, 282, 410 Valentictus chulavistaensis, 536 Tragelaphus, 662 Tyrannomys harkseni, 410, 411 Valentictus imperialensis, 523, 536 Tragelaphus scriptus, 662 Vanderhoofius, 518, 642, 642, 643 Tregomys, 285, 288, 460, 470, 475 Uintaceras, 682, 683, 685 Vanderhoofius coalingensis, 642 Tregomys pisinnus, 471 Uintaceras minuta, 682 Vassocyon, 646 Tregomys shotwelli, 470 Uintaceras radinskyi, 681, 682 Vassocyon promicrodon, 646 Tregosorex, 59, 60, 93, 116, 119 Uintacyon, 646 Vermilingua, 129, 152 Tregosorex holmani, 116 Uintacyon rudis, 646 Vespertilio, 184, 185, 186 Tremarctos, 653 Uintacyon vorax, 646 Vespertilio myotis, 184 Tretosphys, 515, 596, 598 Uintalacus, 246 Vespertilio nactivagans, 186 Tretosphys gabbi, 596 Uintaniini, 243 Vespertilio pallidus, 185 Tretosphys grandaevus, 596 Uintanius, 169, 243, 249, 250, 255, 256 Vespertilio subflavus, 187 Tretosphys lacertosus, 596 Uintanius ameghini, 249 Vespertilionidae, 170, 178, 179, 183, 188, 189, Tretosphys ruschenbergeri, 596 Uintanius rutherfurdi, 249 190, 355 Tretosphys uraeus, 596 Uintaparamys, 277, 312, 314, 315, 316, 320, Vespertilionoidea, 178, 179, 181 Tretulias, 516, 622, 624 321, 322, 323 Vespertilioninae, 178 Tretulias buccatus, 622 Uintaparamys bridgerensis, 316, 321 Vesperugo, 187 Tribosphenomys, 313, 314, 498 Uintaparamys caryophilus, 316 Vesperugo anemophilus, 187 Trichechidae, 518, 519, 632, 633, 636 Uintaparamys coelumensis, 316 Viejadjidaumo, 279, 417, 420, 424 Trichechus, 519, 632 Uintaparamys leptodus, 316 Viejadjidaumo magniscopuli, 420 Trichechus manatus, 519 Uintaparamys parvus, 316 Viverravus, 646 Trichecodon, 517, 536, 539 Uintasorex, 168, 214, 230 Viverravus actutus, 646 Trichecodon huxleyi, 536 Uintasorex montexumicus, 214 Viverravus gracilis, 646 Triconodonta, 7, 509 Uintasorex parvulus, 214 Viverravus minutus, 646 Trigenicus, 662 Uintasoricinae, 214 Viverravus politus, 646 Trigonias, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685 Uintatheriidae, 510 Viverravus sicarius, 646 Trigonias osborni, 682 Uintatheriinae, 656 Volitania, 166 Trigonias wellsei, 682 Uintatherium, 656 Voltaia, 108 Trigonictis, 653 Ulias, 516, 622, 624 Vulpavus, 646 Trigonictis cooki, 653 Ulias moratus, 622 Vulpavus acutus, 646 Trigonictis macrodon, 653 Umbogaulus, 281, 287, 380, 386, 387 Vulpavus australis, 646 Trilaccogaulus, 281, 380, 385, 387 Umbogaulus galushai, 386 Vulpavus canavus, 646 Trilaccogaulus lemhiensis, 385 Umbogaulus monodon, 386 Vulpavus farsonensis, 646 Trilaccogaulus montanensis, 385 Untermannerix, 54, 58, 60, 60, 92, 94, 95, Vulpavus palustris, 646 Trilaccogaulus ovatus, 385 117 Vulpavus politus, 646 Trimylus, 113 Untermannerix copiosus,95 Vulpavus profectus, 646 Trimylus dakotensis, 113 Unuchinia, 53, 67, 74, 76 Vulpes, 647 Trimylus mawbyi, 113 Unuchinia asaphes,74 Vulpes stenognathus, 651, 652 Triplopus, 681 Unuchinia diaphanes,74 Triplopus implicatus, 681 Unuchinia dysmathes,74 Waipatia, 510, 568 Trirhizodon, 583 Unuchiniinae, 74 Waipatiidae, 567, 580, 583 Tritemnodon, 646 Uriscus, 277, 315, 318 Wallia, 168, 170, 182, 188, 189 Tritemnodon agilis, 646 Uriscus californicus, 318 Wallia scalopidens, 182, 189, 190, 192 Trogolemur, 244 Urocyon, 647 Washakiini, 243 Trogolemur ampilor, 245 Urocyon cineroargentus, 651 Washakius, 169, 241, 243, 248, 254, 255 Trogolemur fragilis, 245 Urocyon minicephalus, 651 Washakius insignis, 248 Trogolemur leonardi, 245 Uromanis, 129 Washakius izetti, 248 Trogolemur myodes, 244, 245 Uropsilinae, 102, 120 Washakius laurae, 248 Trogolemurini, 243 Ursida, 544 Washakius woodringi, 248 Trogomys, 284, 430, 437, 448 Ursidae, 511, 653 Whippomorpha, 509, 511 Trogomys rupimenthae, 437 Ursus, 653 Wilsoneumys, 465, 285 Trogosus, 656 Ursus abstrusus, 653 Wilsoneumys planidens, 465 Tsaganomyidae, 313 Ustachoerinae, 660 Wilsonosorex, 59, 59, 93, 113, 119 Tubulidentata, 127, 130, 130, 151 Ustatochoerus, 660 Wilsonosorex bateslandensis, 113 Tubulodon, 131, 132, 137, 138, 138, 140, 143 Ustatochoerus californicus, 660 Wilsonosorex conulatus, 113 Tubulodon taylori, 140, 141 Ustatochoerus leptoscelos, 660 Woodoceras, 683, 684, 685 Tupaia, 163 Ustatochoerus major, 660 Woodoceras brachyops, 684 Tupaiidae, 82, 89 Ustatochoerus medius, 660, 661 Worlandia, 166, 200, 201, 202, 204 Tursiops, 510, 525, 568, 592, 594, 599 Utahia, 169, 243, 250, 255, 256 Worlandia inusitata, 198, 202 Tursiops astensis, 594 Utahia kayi, 250 Worlandiinae, 200 Turisops capellinii, 594 Utahiini, 243 Worlandiini, 200

Index 795

Wyolestes, 657 Xiphiacetus, 515, 573, 597 Zanycteris, 166, 187, 223, 230 Wyomomys, 169, 243, 251, 255, 256 Xiphiacetus bossi, 573 Zanycteris paleocenus, 223 Wyomomys bridgeri, 251 Xiphiacetus cristatus, 573, 508 Zapodidae, 270, 272, 407 Wyonycteris, 54, 55, 57, 92, 107, 108, 109, 110, Xyronomys, 13, 13, 14, 23, 23, 28, 33 Zapodinae, 270, 282, 407, 408, 408, 411, 412, 118, 187, 189 Xyronomys robinsoni,28 413 Wyonycteris chalix, 107, 109, 110, 187, Xyronomys swainae,28 Zapus, 287, 407, 408, 411, 413 189 Zapus burti, 411 Yangochiroptera, 178, 179 Zapus hudsonius, 407, 411 Xanclomys, 13, 13, 14, 23, 23, 28, 33 Yanshuella, 60, 103 Zapus rinkeri, 411 Xanclomys mcgrewi,28 Yanshuella columbiana, 103 Zapus sandersi, 411 Xenacodon, 53, 84, 85, 86 Yanshuella primaeva, 103 Zarhachis, 510, 515, 568, 582, 598 Xenacodon mutilatus,85 Yaquius, 169, 243, 251, 255, 256 Zarhachis ﬂagellator, 582 Xenarthra, 91, 127, 130, 130, 132, 135, 137, Yaquius travisis, 251 Zemiodontomys, 279, 417, 418, 424 147, 151, 152, 158, 267 Yatkolamys, 282, 285, 460, 464, 475 Zemiodontomys burkei, 418 biology and evolutionary patterns, 155–8 Yatkolamys edwardsi, 464 Zetamys, 283, 430, 432, 447 deﬁning features, 147–51 Yinochiroptera, 178, 179 Zetamys nebraskensis, 432 systematics, 151 Yinpterochiroptera, 178, 179 Zeuglodon, 570 Xenicohippus, 673, 674, 677 Yoderimyinae, 279, 416, 417, 418 Zeuglodon pygmaeus, 570 Xenicohippus craspedotum, 673 Yoderimys, 279, 417, 418, 424 Zhangheotherium,8 Xenicohippus grangeri, 673 Yoderimys bumpi, 418 Ziamys, 283, 430, 443, 449 Xenicohippus osborni, 673 Yoderimys burkei, 418 Ziamys hugeni, 443 Xenocranium, 131, 133, 138, 138, 142, 143, 144 Yoderimys lustrorum, 418 Ziamys tedfordi, 383, 443 Xenocranium pileorivale, 136, 142 Yoderimys stewarti, 418 Ziphiidae, 510, 515, 567, 578, 598 Xenorophidae, 569 Yoderimys yarmeri, 418 Ziphioidea, 515, 578, 598 Xenorophus, 510, 515, 567, 568, 568, Yumaceras, 665 Ziphius, 510, 515, 568, 578, 580, 570, 597 Yumanius, 248 598 Xenorophus sloanii, 568, 569, 570 Yuomyidae, 313 Ziphius cavirostris, 578, 580 Xenosiren, 518, 632, 635, 636 Ziphius planirostris, 578 Xenosiren yucateca, 621, 635 Zalambdalestidae, 268, 268 Zygogeomys, 445 Xenotherium, 141 Zalophus, 512, 538 Zygogeomys persimilis, 446 Xenotherium unicum, 141 Zalophus californianus, 538 Zygolophodon, 686 Xeroscapheus, 104 Zalophus japonicus, 538 Zygorhiza, 510, 515, 559, 562, 563 Xeroscapheus proceridens, 104 Zalophus wollebaeki, 538 Zygorhiza kochii, 562