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Wood Biomass Sector in Kosovo

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Wood Biomass Sector in Kosovo WOOD BIOMASS SECTOR IN KOSOVO Woodfuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview Mapping (WISDOM) This publication was prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in close cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development in Kosovo, and the Kosovo Statistical Office. Preparation, production and distribution have been made possible thanks to the generous support from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland under the project GCP/KOS/005/FIN Authors: Dr. Nike Krajnc Rok Pisek, M.Sc. Michael R. Waschak, Ph.D. Alicia English, Ph.D. Contributions: Dr.Norbert Winkler-Ráthonyi, Aleksandar Nikolovski, Naser Krasniqi Study participants: Krenare Salihu, M.Sc., Egzon Tahirukaj, M.Sc, Jim Meyers, Ph.D., Arzana Myderrizi, Blendi Hasaj, Blerina Halili FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Pristina, 2015 References to Kosovo shall be understood in the context of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-108893-7 © FAO, 2015 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii Contents 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and objective .............................................................................................. 1 2 MATERIAL AND METHOD OF WORK .......................................................................... 3 2.1 Woodfuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview Mapping ............................................ 3 2.1.1 Administrative data...................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Supply module (data related to potential) .................................................................. 5 2.1.3 Demand module (wood fuel demand/consumption related data) ............................. 6 2.1.4 Wood fuel producers ................................................................................................. 10 3 SUPPLY MODULE ..................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Direct sources ............................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Forests ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.1.2 Woody biomass residues from vineyards and orchards............................................ 13 3.2 Indirect sources ............................................................................................................. 14 3.2.1 Sawmill industry ......................................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 Wood fuels production in Kosovo ............................................................................. 16 3.3 Summary of the supply module .................................................................................... 16 4 DEMAND MODULE .................................................................................................. 18 4.1 Residential consumption of firewood, pellets and chips.............................................. 18 4.1.1 Surveyed rural households ........................................................................................ 18 4.1.2 Urban households ...................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Use of wood biomass in schools ................................................................................... 27 4.3 Use of wood biomass in tourist facilities ...................................................................... 29 5 INTEGRATION MODULE ........................................................................................... 31 5.1 Local supply/demand balance ...................................................................................... 31 6 WOODSHED ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 34 6.1 Accessibility of biomass resources ................................................................................ 34 6.2 Analysis of suitable locations for woody biomass plants ............................................. 35 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................... 38 7.1 Future improvements on the model ............................................................................ 40 8 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 42 iv List of Tables Table 1 - Number of surveys per municipality from the 2013 Rural Survey ........................... 8 Table 2 - Number of surveys for the six municipalities from the 2011 Urban Survey and the 2013 Prishtina Survey ................................................................................................. 9 Table 3 - Number of sawmills and estimated production by municipality............................ 14 Table 4 - Production of wood fuels per local municipality .................................................... 16 Table 5 - Average prices and quantities for different household fuels ................................. 19 Table 6 - Estimated annual consumption of wood fuels (m3) by rural municipality and wood consuming households ............................................................ 21 Table 7 - Average Wood Fuel Consumption by Rural Municipality and Season ................... 24 Table 8 - Estimated annual consumption of wood fuels (m3) by urban municipality and wood consuming households ......................................................................................... 25 Table 9 - Estimated annual consumption of wood fuels (m3) in Kosovo for rural and urban households ................................................................................................... 26 Table 10 - Results for actual balance at municipality level.................................................... 32 v List of Figures Figure 1. Settlement map of Kosovo ....................................................................................... 5 Figure 2. Estimated amount of current amount of biomass for energy ................................ 13 Figure 3. Estimated location of biomass residues in Kosovo ................................................. 15 Figure 4. Structure of Biomass Supply Input for the WISDOM Model .................................. 17 Figure 5. Aggregate energy consumption, by total Euros spent ........................................... 19 Figure 6. Quantity of wood fuels for consumption by sources and type .............................. 22 Figure 7. Percentage of time needed for preparing or purchasing wood ............................. 23 Figure 8. Map of woody biomass consumption in Kosovo households ................................ 27 Figure 9. Share of schools using different fuels for heating .................................................. 28 Figure 10. Structure of total costs for different fuels used in schools in Kosovo .................. 28 Figure 11. Number of different type of touristic objects in Kosovo (February 2014) ........... 29 Figure 12. Use of different fuels in touristic facilities ............................................................ 30 Figure 13. Map of wood biomass supply and demand balance for Kosovo (2013) .............. 33 Figure 14. Maps of the terrain heights, slopes and road layer (all roads) ............................. 34 Figure 15. An example of cost distance procedure (1 – selected roads, 2 - cost distance map, 3 - cost distance map, reclassified) ................................................... 34 Figure 16. Cost distance map of Kosovo ................................................................................ 35 Figure 17. Analysis of suitable locations for woody biomass plants (current consumption: 10, 20 and 30 km supply radius) ......................................................
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