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A Bibliography of the Boy Scouts of America Part G: Membership Policies, Minority Groups and Legal Cases Compiled August 22, 2010 David L. Peavy

The following is a bibliography of primary and secondary sources concerning the membership policies of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) regarding race, gender, religious belief, and sexual orientation. Additions to this listing will be made upon receipt of additional information. If you are aware of a source that is not listed, please send the following information to [email protected]: author, title, journal name (volume number, issue number & page numbers), place of publication, and publisher.

Membership Policies

"The Exclusionary Boy Scouts." New York Times, December 12 1993, 161 (1 page). Boy Scouts of America. Scout Executive Reference Manual. Irving, TX: Boy Scouts of America, 1996. Brown, Jennifer Gerarda. "Facilitating Boycotts of Discriminatory Organizations through an Informed Association Statute." Minnesota Law Review 87 (2002): 481+. Harris, Teresa. "Protesting the BSA's Recruitment at a Public School." Humanist 66, no. 5 (2006): 47-48. Koppelman, Andrew. "Should Noncommercial Associations Have an Absolute Right to Discriminate?" Law & Contemporary Problems 67, no. 4 (2004): 27-57. Purkiss, Joel A. ""Chivalrous Asexual Manliness” vs. “Wholly Sexualized Lifestyle”: Gender, Sexuality, and the Boy Scouts’ Sexuality Discrimination." Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA, August 16 2003.

Membership Policies – African Americans

"Vardaman Opposes Colored Boy Scouts." Cleveland Advocate, July 22 1916, 1. "We Need More of This." The Chicago Defender, 22 June 1929, A2. "Philadelphia Scouts Form New Group as Slap at Jim Crow." The Chicago Defender, 6 June 1931, 3. "Scouts Bar Negro Boys." The Open Forum 8, no. 27 (1931). "Will the Boy Scouts Go Jim-Crow?". The Christian Century 48 (1931): 827. "No Provisions Made for Use of Shelby Park U. S. Project by Race People." Atlanta Daily World, 16 May 1936, 7. "Seek Camp for Negro Scouts." News and Courier, March 10 1946. "Three Negro Boy Scouts at Camp Pinckney." News and Courier, July 14 1947. "Negro Leaders Hail Scouting." Interracial Review 21 (1948): 101. "Survey Bares Professional Bias." The Chicago Defender, 12 January 1949, 5. "For Equity in Scouting." Interracial Review 27 (1954): 20. "Drop Jim-Crow Scouting Area." The Chicago Defender, 1956, 1. "Catholic Scout Troop Quits Because of Bias." The Chicago Defender, 25 April 1959, 1. "Racial Taunts Drive Scouts from Retreat." The Chicago Defender, 17 February 1962, 1. "Boy Scout Bias." New York Amsterdam News, 20 February 1965, 8.

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"Inquiry Set on Bias Charges against Plainfield Scout Unit." New York Times, January 6 1966, 41 (1 page). "Black Denied Promotion: Bias Order Names Scouts." Chicago Tribune, July 30 1974, 1. "Leadership Roles: Mormons Change Black Scout Policy." Chicago Tribune, August 3 1974, 13. "Scout Bias Suit Dismissed." Chicago Tribune, November 7 1974, 3. "Scouts and NAACP Resolve Conflict." The Crisis, March 1975, 100. "Boy Scouts Abandon Confederate Regalia." New York Times, August 25 1991, 22 (1 page). Banas, Kurt. "Race Relations in the Old Hickory Council of the Boy Scouts of America." Pro Humanitate Fund, Wake Forest University, http://www.wfu.edu/campuslife/phfund/race_boy_scouts.html. Boy Scouts of America. The Extension of the Privileges of Boy Scout to the Negro Boys, NAACP Administrative File. Subject File. Discrimination -- Boy Scouts, 1919, 1926, 1937. Papers of the NAACP. Part 11, Special Subject Files, 1912-1939. Reel 23. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1918. ———. Scouting for Negro Boys in Methodist Churches. New York, NY: Boy Scouts of America, 1940. Diggs, Paul A. "Contemporary Life: Scouting among Florida Negro Boy Scouts of America." 9, 2 leaves ; 30 cm. Washington, DC: Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Florida, 1938. Garofalo, Michael. "StoryCorps: A Boy Scout's Good Deed, Thwarted by Racism." In Morning Edition, 3 min. USA: National Public Radio, 2009. Harris, Stanley A. "Negro Youth and Scouting, a Character Education Program." The Journal of Negro Education 9, no. 3 (1940): 372-78. Hocker, William C. Richmond's Negro Boy Scouts. s.l.: Phillip Morris USA, 1989. Hornsby, Angela M. ""The Boy Problem": North Carolina Race Men Groom the Next Generation, 1900- 1930." The Journal of Negro History 86, no. 3 (2001): 276-304. Lewis, Edward. "Boy Scout News: An Old Memory." New York Amsterdam News, 1929, 14. NAACP. NAACP Administrative File. Subject File. Discrimination -- Boy Scouts, 1919, 1926, 1937, Papers of the NAACP. Part 11, Special Subject Files, 1912-1939. Series a, Africa through Garvey, Marcus; Reel 23, Fr. 0472-0561. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1990. Perry, Bertha. "What the People Say." The Chicago Defender, 15 May 1937, 17. Romero, Emanuel A. "Boy Scouts in Summer Camp." Interracial Review 15 (1942): 153-54. ———. "Competing with the Gang." Interracial Review 18 (1945): 170-1. ———. "Boy Scouting in a Negro Community." Interracial Review 21 (1948): 26-27. Sherman, Bob. "Segregated Scout Camps." International Scouting Collectors Association Journal 8, no. 2 (2008): 8-15.

Membership Policies - Gender

"Girls Admitted to Boy Scout Program." Atlanta Daily World, 28 March 1971, 6. "Ban Girls in Boy Scouts." Chicago Defender, 19 June 1975, 2. "Court Affirms Ban on Leading Roles for Women in Scouting." New York Times, July 7 1987, B2 (1 page). "Boy Scouts to Allow Women to Be Leaders." New York Times, February 14 1988, 26 (1 page). Geist, William E. "Madam Scoutmaster?; the Long Battle Continues." New York Times, February 1 1983, B2 (1 page). Gelder, Lawrence Van. "Boy Scouts Let Down Bars to Girls." New York Times, October 18 1968, 21 (1 page). McCarthy, Peggy. "Long Fight over, She's Prepared to Become Scoutmaster; Prepared to Become a Scoutmaster." New York Times, August 28 1988, CN1 (2 pages).

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Membership Policies – Religious Belief

"Atheist Scout Will Get Award First Denied Him." New York Times, 22 November 1970, 57. "Atheist, 16, Is Denied Rank of Eagle Scout." New York Times, 13 November 1970, 38. "Scouts Accept Application of Atheist to Eagle Rank." New York Times, 17 November 1970, 15. "God and the Boy Scouts." America, November 2 1985, 270. "Scouts, Redefining Rule on God, Readmit Boy." New York Times, October 13 1985, 31 (1 page). Downey, Margaret. "Taking Action against Boy Scout Discrimination." The Humanist 60, no. 5 (2000): 22-25. Grondleski, John M. "Catholic Boy Scouts: Be Very Prepared!" New Oxford Review, October 1999, 35- 36. Isaacson, Eric Alan. "Traditional Values or a New Tradition of Prejudice? The Boy Scouts of America vs. The Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations." George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 17, no. 1 (2006): 1-77. Lambert, Wade. "Boy Scouts Can Bar Atheists, Court Rules." Wall Street Journal, May 19 1993, B9. Smith, George H. "God and Boy in the Scouts." New York Times, January 9 1992, A23 (1 page). Taylor, Larry A. "How Your Tax Dollars Support the Boy Scouts of America." The Humanist 55 (1995): 6-13. Weiler-Harwell, Nina. "Attacking Atheists: Doing One's Duty to God and Country in 21st Century America." Ph.D. diss., University of Southern California, 2008. Weinherg, Micah. "Boy Scouts and Non-Believers." Princeton University Law Review 1, no. 1 (1997). http://www.princeton.edu/~lawjourn/Spring97/weinberg.html. Welsh, Elliott. "Why I Am Suing the Boy Scouts." Christian Century, May 9 1990, 484-85.

Membership Policies – Sexual Orientation

"Annexation and Homosexuality Lead Council's Agenda Tonight." The Mankato Free Press, 13 February 1978, 17. "Council Mute after Gay Youth's Plea." The Mankato Free Press, 14 February 1978, 17. "Council Narrowly Rejects Gay Rights More." The Mankato Free Press, 10 January 1978, 15. "Homosexual Gains in Boy Scout Bias Case." New York Times, November 9 1990, A15. "Supervisors Back Scouts in Suit by Gay Ex-Member." Los Angeles Times, November 7 1990, B3. "'Alternative' Scouting Troops." Rightfully Proud, September 1991, 2. "Boy Scouts Find Itself Accused of Discrimination." New York Times, June 23 1991, I1. "Boy Scouts Settle Gay Dispute with Separate Program." Seattle Times, August 14 1991, A6. "Boy Scouts to Allow Homosexuals in New Program." New York Times, August 14 1991, A10 (1 page). "Gay Scout Leader Barred." Los Angeles Times, June 5 1991, 6. "Scouts Accommodate Gays, Women, & Atheists." Sunstone: Mormon Experience, Scholarship, Issues, and Art 15, no. 4 (1991): 63. "After Intense Pressure, Bank America Reverses its Stand against the Boy Scout Ban." The Advocate, September 22 1992, 21. "B of a Dispute Heats up Candidate's Forum." San Francisco Sentinel, September 3 1992, 6. "B of a Lucre to Go to BSA Once Again." Bay Area Reporter, August 20 1992, 1, 3. "B of a, Boy Scouts: Take a Hike!". San Francisco Sentinel, September 3 1992, 8. "Bank of America's Unexpected Withdrawal." The Washington Blade, September 4 1992, 5. "Bank on Gay and Lesbian Clout." Bay Area Reporter, August 6 1992, 8. "Bart Candidates Return B of a Checks." San Francisco Sentinel, September 3 1992, 8. "Boy Scouts Ask Gay Man to Sever Ties with Group." Los Angeles Times, September 10 1992, 5. "Boycott!". San Francisco Sentinel, August 20 1992, 1. "BSA Update: San Diego May Eliminate All Ties with Scouts." Bay Area Reporter, November 5 1992, 22.

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"Charity to Decide by December on Discrimination Policy." NY Native, September 13 1992, 10. "City Will Decide If Boy Scouts Broke Law in Gay's Suspension." Los Angeles Times, September 18 1992, 5. "Fashion Fascism." The Advocate, June 30 1992, 11. "Finance Committee Considers Pulling City Funds from B of A." Bay Area Reporter, December 3 1992, 1. "Firms' Scout Cutoff Criticized." Boston Globe, August 8 1992, 3. "Gay and Lesbians Call for Boycott of Bank of America." NY Native, September 7 1992, 10. "Gay Cites Bias Law in Scout Complaint." Chicago Tribune, June 13 1992, 1. "Gay Men Protest Scouts' Ban." The Washington Post, February 25 1992, C3. "Helms' Boy Scout Amendment." Human Events LII, no. 40 (1992): 5. "Lambda Sues Scouts in Jersey for Expelling Gay Eagle Scout." San Francisco Sentinel, August 6 1992, 9. "Local Response to Bank of America Gay Bashing." San Francisco Sentinel, August 20 1992, 10. "National Briefs - HRCF Endorses United Way Boycott." Bay Area Reporter, March 19 1992, 14. "News in Brief - California." The Advocate, July 14 1992, 27. "News in Brief - California." The Advocate, June 16 1992, 27. "News in Brief - Illinois." The Advocate, July 14 1992, 25. "Protests against B of a Continue." San Francisco Sentinel, August 27 1992, 6. "Right Wingers, Angered over BSA Flap, Offer to Take Off Their Levis." Bay Area Reporter, August 20 1992, 5. "San Diego Cops and Chips Are Down on BSA's B.S." Bay Area Reporter, October 29 1992, 5. "San Diego Urged to Cut Ties to Scouts over Gay Bias." Los Angeles Times, October 22 1992, A35. "Santa Clara United Way to Fund Lesbian and Gay Services." Bay Area Reporter, December 3 1992, 2. "Scout Troop That Welcomes Gays May Lose Its Charter." Seattle Times, February 5 1992, A5. "Scouting Defenders Spark Lively Volley on Standards." Los Angeles Times, November 29 1992, 6. "Scouts Renew Charter of Troop That Admits Gays." Seattle Times, February 23 1992, A6. "Seafirst Stops Boy Scouts Donations." San Francisco Sentinel, July 16 1992, 8. "Synagogue to Withdraw Funds from Bank of America." San Francisco Sentinel, December 3 1992, 10. "Commission Says Boy Scouts Violated Human Rights Ordinance." Chicago Tribune, December 26 1993, 4,1. "Connecticut United Way Threatens to Drop Boy Scout Council over Gays." New York Times, December 17 1993, B6. "The President and the Boy Scouts." August 12 1993, A12. "Scouts Consider Ending Laguna Explorer Program." Los Angeles Times, September 30 1993, A27. "Scouts Spark Outrage with Solicitation Note." San Jose Mercury News, August 14 1993, 8B. "Boy Scouts Broke Law in Ousting Gay Leader, Judge Rules." Los Angeles Times, July 9 1994, A24. "Gay Man's Firing Costs Boy Scouts $60,000." Boston Globe, July 2 1994, 23:6. "United Way Says It Won't Help Scouts." Boston Globe, July 29 1994, 29. "Gay Issue Embroils Boy Scouts after a Chapter's Policy Memo." New York Times, December 19 1996, A24. "Scouts Honor." San Francisco Examiner, January 1 1998. "Scouts Ought to Rethink Ban on Gays." Chicago Tribune, April 15 1998. "Why Do Boy Scouts Defend Intolerance?". San Francisco Chronicle, March 4 1998, A18. "Boy Scouts: Promote Leadership, Citizenship, Not Lessons of Intolerance." Houston Chronicle, August 9 1999, 18. "Official Says Gay Boy Can't Be Scout." Providence Journal, August 10 1999. "Boy Scout Leader Seeks a Reversal." Boston Globe, October 22 2000. "Coalition Lobbies against Gay Scoutmasters." The Dallas Morning News, April 25 2000. "Discrimination and the Law Can the Boy Scouts Expel a Gay Scoutmaster?". The Economist 355 (2000): 29-32.

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"Discrimination by the Scouts." New York Times, September 3 2000, WK10 (1 page). "Gay Scoutmaster Forced out of Hanover Chapter." The Concord Monitor, September 21 2000. "Law: Should Gays Lead Boy Scout Troops?". Time, May 1 2000, 34. "National News Briefs; House Backs Boy Scouts in Vote over Gay Issue Volunteer-Built Pipeline Brings Water to Town M.I.T. Offers Settlement in Death of a Student Man Pleads Guilty in Yosemite Slaying Study Finds Aids Drug Does No Prenatal Harm." New York Times, September 14 2000, A21 (1 page). "New Knots for the Scouts." The Advocate, October 10 2000. "Scouts' Honor." Commonweal, May 19 2000, 5-6. "Backlash to the Backlash." The Advocate, March 27 2001, 15. "Boy Scouts of America Policy on Homosexuality." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 155, no. 3 (2001): March. "National News Briefs; Scout Groups Rejected after Fighting Gay Policy Financing and Auction Approved for T.W.A. F.D.A. Issues Warning About 39 Injected Drugs 1.7% of College Women Are Raped, Study Finds." New York Times, January 28 2001, 16 (1 page). Abrahamson, Alan. "Judge's Boy Scout Duties Spur Debate Ethics: Critics Say Involvement with Sons' Troop Appears to Condone Anti-Gay Bias. Jurist Claims Intrusion into Privacy." Los Angeles Times, February 8 1995, 1. Ackerman, Erin, and Joel B. Grossman. "Competing Constitutional Claims: Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)." In Creating Constitutional Change: Clashes over Power and Liberty in the Supreme Court, edited by Gregg Ivers and Kevin T. McGuire, 215-32. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2004. Adams, Jane Meredith. "Unwelcome at the Campfire - Gays, Still Boy Scout Pariahs, Turn up the Heat for Change." Boston Globe, November 12 1991, 3. Angelo, L. D. "Boy Scouts of America v. Dale: The Delay in a Necessary Change with Time." Whittier Law Review 23, no. 3 (2002): 803-38. Aratani, Lori. "San Mateo Scouts Defy United Way, Seek Funds." San Jose Mercury News, June 5 1992, 1. Arditi, Lynn, and Jennifer Levitz. "Scouts Will Try to Settle Dispute." Providence Journal, August 8 1999. Ball, Carlos A. "The Constitutional Rights of Gays and the Boy Scouts." Chicago Tribune, April 19 2000. Barron, James. "Eagle Scout Speaks out; Bid on a Shortstop H.M.O. Humor." New York Times, November 16 2000, B2 (1 page). Bartlett, Bruce. "Roberta on a Rampage: Social Policies of Roberta Achtenberg, Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity, Department of Housing and Urban Development." National Review, May 2 1994, 47. Baumann, Paul. "My Son the Boy Scout: Inclusion of Gay Scouts." Commonweal, October 12 2001, 7-8. Becklund, Laurie. "Scouts Can Bar Gay Man as Leader, Judge Rules." Los Angeles Times, May 22 1991, B1. Berry, John N. "Boy Scout Values." Library Journal 123, no. 17 (1998): 6. Bezanson, Randall P. "Sources of Expression (Boy Scouts of America v. Dale)." In Art and Freedom of Speech. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009. Blum, Justin. "For Boy Scouts, Ban on Gays Is the Great and Silent Divide." The Washington Post, August 9 1993, D1. Boxall, Bettina. "Justices Say Scouts Can Bar Gays as Leaders Rights." Los Angeles Times, March 31 1994. Boxall, Bettina and Perry, Tony. "Gay Leaders Condemn Ruling in Boy Scouts Case Courts." Los Angeles Times, April 1 1994, 3. Boy Scouts of America. "Maintaining BSA Standards." Scouting, September 1992. ———. "Position Statement: Homosexuality and the BSA." Irving, TX, 1992. ———. "Position Statement: Homosexuality and the BSA." Irving, TX, 1993.

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Boyle, Patrick. "Boy Scouts' Holy War over Homosexuals: Denominations Built Scouting; Now Some Steer its Gay Ban While Others Object." Youth Today, July 2001. Brauchli, Christopher. "Boy Scouts Are Prepared to Discriminate on a Whim." Seattle Times, November 8 1993, B5. Bresler, Robert J. Freedom of Association: Rights and Liberties under the Law, America's Freedoms Series. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2004. Brownworth, Victoria A. "For the Boy Scouts, Trust and Loyalty Doesn't Apply to Gay Members." Philadelphia Inquirer, August 12 1992, A13. Brudnoy, David. "It's Possible to Back Scouts, Oppose Bigotry." Boston Herald, June 8 2002, 23. Bufkins, Russ. "Homosexual Unit Members." 13 February 1978. Bull, Chris. "New Jersey Lawsuit - Rohrabacher Boycott Heat up Fight over Boy Scout Ban." The Advocate, September 8 1992, 22. ———. "Out of the Frying Pan…into the Fire." The Advocate, August 29 2000. ———. "Fanning the Flames." The Advocate, May 22 2001, 48-51. ———. "Spielberg Yells 'Cut'." The Advocate, May 22 2001, 49. Carpenter, Dale. "Expressive Association and Anti-Discrimination Law after Dale: A Tripartite Approach." Minnesota Law Review 85 (2001): 1515-89. Carrizosa, Philip. "Justices Agree to Take Look at Boy Scout Cases." Los Angeles Daily Journal, June 3 1994, 1. Carroll, Frances. "Ban on Gays Waived - Local Scout Unit Agrees to United Way Funding Policy." Home News Tribune, August 30 2001. Chan, Sewell. "D.C. Panel Reinstates Two Gay Adult Scouts: Group Ordered to Pay $100,000 to Men." The Washington Post, June 22 2001, B01. Chethik, Neil. "Scout's Policy on Gays Raises Ire on Both Sides." Seattle Times, September 17 1995, L3. Claremont Institute. Center for the Study of the Natural Law. Virtue on Trial: An Amicus Brief by the Claremont Institute in Dale v. Boy Scouts of America. Claremont, CA: Claremont Institute, 1999. Clark, Stephen. "Judicially Straight? Boy Scouts v. Dale and the Meaning of the Scalia Dissent." Southern California Law Review 76, no. 521-598 (2003). Closway-Martin, Lynn. "Gay Youths Allege Discrimination." The Mankato Free Press, 30 January 1978, 15. Cloud, John. "Can a Scout Be Gay? The Boy Scouts' Battle to Stay Straight Goes to the Supreme Court." Time, May 1 2000. Coyle, Marcia. "Court Hears Many Voices in One Case: 37 Groups File Amicus Briefs on Gay Scouts, and That's No Record." The National Law Journal (2000). Dale, James. "Court Ruling 'Returns Scouting to its Original Mission'." USA Today, August 6 1999. Denizet-Lewis, Benoit. "A California Boy Takes on the Scouts." The Advocate, April 14 1998, 50-51. Denniston, Lyle. "Trustworthy, Loyal, Homophobic? Groups Rally against Ban." Baltimore Sun, November 25 1999. Dewan, Shaila K. "Manhattan School District Withdraws Support for Scouts, Citing Bias." New York Times, September 27 2000, B3 (1 page). Dipko, John. "Boy Scouts Break with United Way." Green Bay Press-Gazette, August 17 2001. Dolan, Maura. "Mandatory Code of Ethics for State Judges Unveiled." Los Angeles Times, December 22 1995, A1. Donohue, William A. On the Front Line of the Culture War: Recent Attacks on the Boy Scouts of America. Claremont, CA: Claremont Institute, 1993. ———. "Culture Wars against the Boy Scouts." Society, May-June 1994, 59-68. Donohue, William A., and Claremont Institute. On the Front Line of the Culture War: Recent Attacks on the Boy Scouts of America. 2nd ed. Claremont, CA: Claremont Institute, 1996. Earnest, Leslie. "Gay Ban Stands or No Explorers, Laguna Warned." Los Angeles Times, September 29 1993, 1. ———. "Police Reject Boy Scouts' Ban on Gays." Los Angeles Times, September 18 1993, 25.

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———. "Laguna Might End Scout Pact Because of Gay Ban Policy: Explorer Program's Provision Conflicts with City's Anti-Discrimination Law." Los Angeles Times, March 17 1994, 5. ———. "Laguna to Keep Explorer Scouts Despite Gay Ban." Los Angeles Times, April 6 1994, 1. Eckstrom, Kevin. "Reform Jewish Leaders Urge Boy Scout Ban." Christianity Today, April 2 2001, 24. Eddy, David. "Gay Issue Riles Local Scouts - Pack's Shunning of Gay Dad's Lover Raises Rights Issue." California Telegram-Tribune, March 28 1992, 1. Editor, Letter to the. "Gays and Scouting." Los Angeles Times, October 10 1993, 14. Editorial. "Boy Scout Question: Boy Scouts of America's Anti-Gay Policies." Los Angeles Times, September 24 1990, B4. ———. "Free for All - the Big Brother Amendment." The Washington Post, October 27 1990, A23. ———. "Boycott Bank of Amorality." Bay Area Reporter, August 20 1992, 6. ———. "Scouts Strike Back." Bay Area Reporter, July 2 1992, 6. ———. "Protecting Young People: Liberal Policies of Thomas Payzant, Department of Education Assistant Secretary-Designate." National Review, July 19 1993, 18. ———. "Boy Scouts: Promote Leadership, Citizenship, Not Lessons of Intolerance." Houston Chronicle, August 9 1999, 18. Eidsmoe, John. "Freedom of Association - Prohibition of Expulsion of Homosexual Scout Leader Violates the Boy Scouts' First Amendment Right of Freedom of Expressive Association." The New American 16, no. 22 (2000): 33. Eliasberg, Kristin. "Making a Case for the Right to Be Different; Making a Case for the Right to Be Openly Different." New York Times, June 16 2001, B11 (2 pages). Ellis, Richard J. The Freedom to Discriminate: The Case of the Gay Boy Scout: Under contract with University Press of Kansas, Forthcoming. Epstein, Richard A. "The Constitutional Perils of Moderation: The Case of the Boy Scouts." Southern California Law Review 74, no. 1 (2000): 119-44. ———. "Should Antidiscrimination Laws Limit Freedom of Association? The Dangerous Allure of Human Rights Legislation." Social Philosophy and Policy 25, no. 2 (2008): 123-56. Ferdinand, Pamela. "Boston Boy Scouts Ease Policy on Gays." The Washington Post, August 4 2001, A1. Fields, Gary. "Allow Homosexuals and Lesbians into Scouts, Says Elder." USA Today, June 2 1994, 1. Flannery, Tom. "Scout's Honor." Social Justice Review, September-October 1995, 152-53. Flick, David, and Deborah Martinez. "NJ Judges Reject Scouts' Ban on Gays - Group Pledges to Fight Decision in Washington." The Dallas Morning News, August 5 1999. Flynn, Taylor, and Western New England College School of Law. "Don't Ask Us to Explain Ourselves, Don't Tell Us What to Do: The Boy Scouts Exclusion of Gay Members and the Necessity of Independent Judicial Review." Stanford Law & Policy 12, no. 1 (2000): p. 87-101. France, David, Franco Ordonez, Gretel C. Kovach, and Saba Bireda. "Scouts Divided." Newsweek, August 6 2001, 44-51. Friess, Steve. "Scouts' Dishonor." The Advocate, July 8 1997, 39-41. Gallagher, John. "New Scout Program Won't Solve Clash in San Francisco." The Advocate, September 24 1991, 21. ———. "Efforts to End Boy Scout Ban Grow Nationwide: Boy Scouts of America Ban on Gay Troop Leaders." The Advocate, March 24 1992, 14. ———. "San Diego Mulls Scout Eviction." The Advocate, October 20 1992, 21. ———. "Torn between Two Rulings." The Advocate, May 12 1998, 48-51. ———. "Making a Difference." The Advocate, May 22 2001, 43-46. Ghent, Bill. "Legal Brief: Court Challenges to the Scouts' Ban on Gays Are Coming from Several Different Fronts." The Advocate, October 26 1999, 36. Girard, John M., Mark Levy, Julie Ellner, and Tao Kwan-Gett. "Boy Scouts of America Policy on Homosexuality." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 155, no. 3 (2001): 417. Goodman, Marissa L. "A Scout Is Morally Straight, Brave, Clean, Trustworthy...And Heterosexual? Gays in the Boy Scouts of America." Hofstra Law Review 27, no. 4 (1999): 825.

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Goodridge, Mike. "Scouts Director." The Advocate, May 22 2001, 47. Goodstein, Laurie. "Jewish Group Recommends Cutting Ties to Boy Scouts; a Protest against the Ban on Gay Members." New York Times, January 10 2001, A12 (1 page). Gottwsman, Andrew. "Comments on Us Supreme Court Ruling on Boy Scouts of America." Chicago Tribune, December 26 1993, 4. Granett, Laura. "The Boy Scouts of America vs. James Dale: The Court of Law vs. The Court of Public Opinion." 1 v. (unpaged) ; 28 cm., 2002. Greenberger, Scott S. "Area Scout Leadership Seeks Clarity on Position - Exhibits its Support of Inclusion of Gays with its Choices of M.C." Boston Globe, June 10 2002. Gunther, Gerald (ed.), Gerhard Casper (ed.), and United States Supreme Court. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000), Landmark Briefs and Arguments of the Supreme Court of the United States: Constitutional Law. Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America, 2001. Haitch, Richard. "Scouts and Law." New York Times, August 14 1983, 41 (1 page). Hannaham, James. "Scout's Honor." Out Magazine, January 1999, 49. Hart, Jordana. "Donors Debate Further Scout Aid." Boston Globe, 2000, B5. Hartocollis, Anemona. "Levy Limits Scout Events in the Schools in the Schools; Says Bias against Gays Violates Board Policy Citing Bias, Levy Limits Scout Events in the Schools." New York Times, December 2 2000, B1 (2 pages). Hasson, Judi. "Judge Says Scouts Can Exclude Gays." USA Today, November 10 1995, 1. Hatfield, Larry. "Boy Scouts Mull Changing Anti-Gay Policy: Court Challenges Spur Plan for Study on Homosexuality." San Francisco Examiner, August 18 1999. ———. "Scout Leader Fired for Gay Gun Target." San Francisco Examiner, August 13 1999. Henry, William A., III. "Tying the Boy Scouts in Knots: Atheists, Girls and Gays Are Suing to Join, Testing the Group's Claim to Be a Private Body in Which Discrimination Is Allowed." Time, July 1 1991, 65-66. Hewitt, Bill. "Unhappy Trails: Continuing Controversy over Boy Scouts of America Ban on Gays." People Weekly, July 2 2001, 156-59. Hills, Linda. "The Boy Scouts Should Accept Homosexuals." In Homosexuality, edited by Helen Cothran, 131ff. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Hinds, Michael Decourcy. "Discrimination Cases Challenge Boy Scouts." Seattle Times, June 23 1991, A4. Hochswender, Woody. "Why Levi's Don't Fit Scouts; Is the Tent Big Enough for Gay Youths? The Boy Scouts Respond with Their Oath." New York Times, May 31 1992, V8 (1 page). Holahan, Catherine. "Massachusetts Scout Council to Allow Gay Leaders - Says Policy Will Not Violate National Rule." Boston Globe, August 1 2001. ———. "Scouts Say No to Gay Applicant." Boston Globe, August 10 2001. Hunter, Nan D. "Scout's Honor." American Prospect, June 19-July 3 2000, 78-9. Jackson, Derrick Z. "Is Hub Council Retreating on Gay Scouts?" Boston Globe, August 10 2001. ———. "Saying No to Bias in the Scouts." Boston Globe, August 8 2001. Jahn, Ed. "Homosexuality Called Scout Violation." San Diego Union-Tribune, January 30 1993. Jensen, Oliver. "When Oliver Jensen Was Trustworthy, Loyal, Helpful, Friendly, Courteous, Kind Obedient, Cheerful, Thrifty, Brave, Clean, and Reverent." American Heritage 36 (1985): 66-71. Johnson , Hans. "In for the Long Haul." The Advocate, November 21 2000, 35-38. Jones, Rebecca. "The Boy Scouts and Discrimination: Be Prepared!" The Education Digest 67, no. 1 (2001): 62-67. Kaminer, Wendy. "Bigots' Rights." American Prospect, June 19-July 3 2000, 79-80. Keane, J. Carey. 24 June 1991. Keegan, Paul. "The Gay Boy Scout." Philadelphia Magazine, January 1993, 76. ———. "The Gay Boy Scout: James Dale Was the Embodiment of the Scouts' Values of Honor and Truthfulness--until He Told the Truth About Himself." Philadelphia, January 1993, 76.

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Kelly, Scott. "Scouts' (Dis)Honor: The Supreme Court Allows the Boy Scouts of America to Discriminate against Homosexuals in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale." Houston Law Review 39, no. 1 (2002): 244-74. http://www.law.uh.edu/Journals/hlr/downloads/39-1%20pdf%20files/HLR39P243.pdf. Kerr, Bob. "The Boy Scouts Are Coming Apart from the Top Down." Providence Journal, August 11 1999. Kirby, David. "Lessons in Courage." The Advocate, October 26 1999, 30-36. Kirkpatrick, Melanie. "The Boy Scouts Should Not Be Forced to Accept Homosexuals." In Homosexuality, edited by Helen Cothran. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Klausner, Manuel S. "The Aclu v. The Boys Scouts [Interview with Manuel S. Klausner]." California Political Review 3, no. 1 (1992): 20-23. Koppelman, Andrew. "Signs of the Times: Dale v. Boy Scouts of America and the Changing Meaning of Nondiscrimination." Cardozo Law Review 23, no. 5 (2002): 1819-38. ———. "Are the Boy Scouts Being as Bad as Racists? Judging the Scouts' Antigay Policy." Public Affairs Quarterly 18, no. 4 (2004): 363-86. Koppelman, Andrew, and Tobias Barrington Wolff. A Right to Discriminate?: How the Case of Boy Scouts of America v. James Dale Warped the Law of Free Association. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. Krueger, Anne. "Gay Cop Says He's Role Model for Kids." San Diego Union-Tribune, March 22 1994. ———. "Gay Officer Ousted by Scouts Seeks to Be Explorer Adviser." San Diego Union-Tribune, September 8 1994. ———. "Gay Scout Leader Wins Court Ruling against Dismissal." San Diego Union-Tribune, July 8 1994, 1. ———. "Man Says He Had Sex with Scout Leader: Tells of Encounter at Bathhouse with Avowed Anti- Gay Volunteer." San Diego Union-Tribune, April 8 1994. ———. "Scouts Ordered to Reinstate Gay Police Officer as Leader." San Diego Union-Tribune, August 27 1994. ———. "Appeals Panel Hears Arguments in Case of Ousted Gay Scout Leader." San Diego Union- Tribune, March 12 1997. Krueger, Anne, and Terry Rodgers. "Foe of Gays in Scouting Describes Campaign of Terror." San Diego Union-Tribune, April 19 1994. Lacey, Marc. "Ruling on Scout Leadership Angers Gays; Appeal Vowed." Los Angeles Times, May 23 1991, B3. Lambert, Darrell. "How I Got Booted out of the BSA." The Humanist 63, no. 1 (2003): 1. Leishman, Roger. "ACLU Cries 'Foul'." Chicago Tribune, August 14 1996, 20. Levitz, Jennifer. "Boy Scouts Apologize to Gay Teen, Offer Job Back." Providence Journal, August 9 1999. ———. "Did Yawgoog Dismiss Scout for Being Gay?" Providence Journal, August 7 1999. ———. "2 Scouting Officials Leave Jobs in R.I." Providence Journal, January 24 2000. Levitz, Jennifer, and Elizabeth Abbott. "R.I., National Scouts Reach an Agreement on Gay Teen." Providence Journal, August 11 1999. Lipton, Eric. "Local Scouting Board, Calling Gay Ban 'Stupid,' Urges End to National Policy; New York May Withhold City Support for Scouting Programs." New York Times, February 27 2001, B3 (1 page). Lounsberry, Emilie. "Gay Boy Scout Case to Be Heard This Week." Philadelphia Inquirer, April 23 2000. Lueck, Thomas J. "Scout Councils Urged to Defy Policy on Gays; Officials Urge Scout Councils to Defy Rule on Gay Issue." New York Times, September 28 2000, B1 (2 pages). Lynch, Marika. "Court to Rule on Gay Scout Issue." Miami Herald, February 20 2000. MacDonald, Heather. "Why the Boy Scouts Work." City Journal 10, no. 1 (2000): 14-27. http://www.city-journal.org/html/10_1_why_the_boy.html. Marshall, Steve. "Nj Court Rejects Scouts' Ban." USA Today, March 3 1998, 3A.

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Matheson, Clarence, Jr. "LTE: Equality for Gays." The Mankato Free Press, 27 February 1978, 12. McCabe, Michael. "Boy Scouts under Attack in Court as Organization Tries to Keep up with Times: Accusations of Bias Fly a Changing Society." San Francisco Chronicle, July 1 1991, A1. McGraw, Carol. "Gay's Suit over Expulsion from Boy Scouts Begins." Los Angeles Times, September 2 1980, A1. ———. "Gay's Suit over Expulsion from Boy Scouts Begins Trial: The Eagle Scout Was Not Allowed to Become an Adult Leader after Taking a Male to His High School Prom." Los Angeles Times, September 21 1990, 1. McLaughlin, Ken. "Leaked Memo Further Divides Scouts, United Way." San Jose Mercury News, November 14 1992, 1. Meers, Erik. "The Model Boy Scout." The Advocate, April 14 1998, 46-51. Merrett, Jim. "Scout's Honor: William Boyce Mueller Reveals His Homosexuality." The Advocate, December 31 1991, 56. Meyer, M. D. E. (Michaela D. E.) "Daily Newspaper Framing of the Boy Scouts of America v. Dale Supreme Court Decision." The Journal of Intergroup Relations 31, no. 4 (2004/2005): 45-58. Mirken, Bruce. "Boy Scout Confidential: Boy Scouts of America Criticized over Discrimination against Gays." The Advocate, December 31 1991, 52. ———. "In the Boy Scout Closet: Meet the Original 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'." The Guide, April 1996. Moore, Peter. "Who Is Harassing Whom?" Charlotte Observer, September 6 2000. Moore, Teresa. "B of A Changes Mind on Scouts after Reviewing Policy on Gays." San Francisco Chronicle, August 19 1992, 1. Moses, Jonathan M. "Boy Scouts Sued for Discrimination under New Jersey Law Banning Gay Bias." Wall Street Journal, July 30 1992, B6. Murray, Frank J. "Boy Scouts Ask High Court to Ok Homosexual Ban." The Washington Times, October 26 1999. ———. "Gay Scout Regains Position Despite Boy Scouts' Policy." The Washington Times, August 10 1999. ———. "N.J. Court Ruling Says Boy Scouts Can't Exclude Gay Man." The Washington Times, August 5 1999. National Center for Lesbian Rights. "Boy Scout Bigotry: Fighting Back." San Francisco, CA, 1992. Ness, Carol. "Petaluma Boy Scout, 12, Says Gays Merit Inclusion." San Francisco Examiner, January 15 1998. ———. "Fired Gay Man Sues Boy Scouts." San Francisco Examiner, March 24 1999, A. O'Hehir, Andrew. "Scouts' Dishonor." http://www.salon1999.com/mwt/feature/1998/03/25feature.html. O'Quinn, John C. ""How Solemn Is the Duty of the Mighty Chief": Mediating the Conflict of Rights in Boy Scouts of America V. Dale." Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 24, no. 1 (2000): 319- 67. Ostrom, Carol M. "Banks Cut Corporate Donations to Scouts Policy of Excluding Homosexuals Is Cited." Seattle Times, July 10 1992, 1. Parker, Laura. "Gay Men Fright for Scout Honor." USA Today, March 3 1998, 3A. Parker, Laura, and Guillermo Garcia. "Boy Scout Troops Lose Funds, Meeting Places." USA Today, October 10 2000, A1. Paulsen, Michael Stokes. "Scouts, Families, and Schools." Minnesota Law Review 85 (2001): 1917-55. Perry, Rick. Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts Are Worth Fighting For. Macon, GA: Stroud & Hall, 2008. Perry, Tony. "Landmark Case Pits Gay Officer against Boy Scouts Civil Rights." Los Angeles Times, January 11 1993, 3. Peterson, Karen S. "Gay Ban 'Behind the Times,' Teens." USA Today, January 19 2000. Phelan, James E. "Boy Scouts Targeted for Their Gay-Exclusion Policy." Social Justice Review 92, no. 5- 6 (2001): 67-70. Pietan, Georgia M. "LTE: Liberating Gays." The Mankato Free Press, 21 February 1978, 16.

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Platte, Mark. "Gay Scout Adviser Sues to Get Post Back Courts." Los Angeles Times, December 15 1992, B1. ———. "Ousted Gay Scout Adviser Sues to Be Reinstated." Los Angeles Times, December 15 1992, A35. Poirier, Marc R. "Hastening the Kulturkampf: Boy Scouts of America v. Dale and the Politics of American Masculinity." Law & Sexuality: a review of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender legal issues 12 (2003): 271. Presser, Stephen B. "Freedom of Association in Historical Perspective." Social Philosophy and Policy 25, no. 2 (2008): 157-81. Price, Deb. "Will Court Be Brave on Boy Scouts' Case?" Detroit News, January 24 2000. Price, Harvey L., and Downing B. Jenks. 17 March 1978. ———. "Untitled (Homosexual Unit Members)." 17 March 1978. Ratcliffe, Jere B. "Broadcast Speech to Boy Scout Scout Executives Nationwide.". USA; March 29, 1996. ———. 11 December 1996. Reidy, Maurice Timothy. "Where's the Beef?" Commonweal, September 14 2001, 38. Reinhart, Patty. "Gay Policy's Fallout Lingers in Boy Scouts: Ban Mobilizes Critics a Year after Ruling." Houston Chronicle, June 24 2001, 1. Renakdi, Richard. "Three Decades of Discrimination." The Advocate, January 16 2001, 54-55. Rivenburg, Roy. "Fast Forward - Taking Sides on Anti-Gay Issue." Los Angeles Times, December 30 1992, 1. ———. "Of Boy Scouts and Boycotts Bias." Los Angeles Times, August 31 1992. Rowe, Peter. "Who Should Lead the Kids in Scouting?" San Diego Union-Tribune, April 12 1994. Salamon, Julie. "Television Review; Opposing the Scouts' Antigay Policy." New York Times, June 19 2001, E5 (1 page). Saletan, William. "Scout's Honor - If It Wants to Exclude Gays, the Boy Scouts May Have to Tell the Straight Truth About Itself." Mother Jones, December 1999. Salzman, Allen. "The Boy Scouts under Siege." The American Scene 61 (1992): 591-97. Savage, Dan. "Tying the Boy Scouts in Knots." http://www.thestranger.com/2000-07-20/city4.html. Scherer-Emunds, Meinrad. "I Promise to Do My Best...How One Community Struggles with the Boy Scouts' Anti-Gay Policies." US Catholic, April 2001, 50. Schuerman, Matthew. "Dying to Be a Boy Scout?" The Advocate, June 19 2001, 15. Schumacher, Samantha, John Pollock, Laura de Zutter, and Elyse Mitchell. "Gay Rights: Nationwide Newspaper Coverage of Gay Adoption, Gay Marriage, and Gays in the Boy Scouts: A Community Structure Approach." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the All Academic Inc., Dresden International Congress Centre, Dresden, Germany, June 16 2006. Seidman, Louis Michael. "The Dale Problem: Property and Speech under the Regulatory State." University of Chicago Law Review 75, no. 4 (2008): 1541-600. Seiler, Michael. "Boy Scouts Can't Bar Gay, State Appeal Court Rules." Los Angeles Times, October 6 1983, I1. Sharif, Dara N. "Gay Student Sues over Ouster from Boy Scouts James Dale Has More Than 30 Merit Badges. He Said the Organization Taught Him to Be Proud of Who He Is." Philadelphia Inquirer, July 30 1992, B2. Shepard, Tom. "Scout's Honor [Documentary]." Color/B&W, 57 min. San Francisco, CA: Independent Television Service, 2001. http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/scoutshonor/. Silvestrini, Elaine. "Gay Ex-Scout Discusses Lessons, Landmark Lawsuit." Asbury Park Press, August 8 1999. Smollar, David. "2 Sides Clash over Proposed Ban on Scouts - Schools." Los Angeles Times, December 16 1992, 1. ———. "Payzant Seeks Ban on Scouts in School." Los Angeles Times, December 11 1992, 1. Soskis, Benjamin. "Big Tent: Saving the Boy Scouts from its Supporters." The New Republic, September 17 2001, 18-22.

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Stephen, Andrew. "Boy Scouts Fail the Tolerance Test." New Statesman 130 (2001): 16. Stevens, Amy, and Arthur S. Hayes. "Boy Scouts Can Bar Gay Man as Leader." Wall Street Journal, May 23 1991, B5. Sudetic, Chuck. "The Struggle for the Soul of the Boy Scouts." Rolling Stone, July 6-20 2000, 101-54. Sullivan, John. "N.J. Law; Rallying the Troops Fallout from the Decision on Boy Scouts' Ban on Gays." New York Times, October 29 2000, NJ8 (1 page). Sullivan, Mark. "One Scout's Honor - James Dale Prepares to Finish His Battle." The Washington Blade, August 20 1999. Sunder, Madhavi. "Cultural Dissent." Stanford Law Review 54, no. 3 (2001): 495-567. Theroux, Paul. "What I Learned in Boy Scouts." Newsweek, August 6 2001, 52. Thompson, Lorrine. "United Way Changes Policy: Nondiscrimination Agreement Enacted in Response to Boy Scouts' Stance on Gays." The Olympian, August 10 2001. Thompson, Tracy. "'And Morally Straight' ... Gay Men v. The Boy Scouts." The Washington Post Magazine, August 2 1998, 1. Tucker, Scott. "Choosing Sides in the Cultural War: Homosexuality, Gays in the Military and Public Opinion." The Humanist, no. 53 (1993): 27. Tucker, William. "Thrifty, Brave, Clean, and Persecuted - across the Country, the Boy Scouts Are under Attack." National Review 60, no. 17 (2008): 32-36. Tulane Law School. "Law & Sexuality: A Review of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Legal Issues." Law & sexuality: a review of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender legal issues 9 (2000). Tyre, Peg. "Where the Girls Are: The Girl Scouts Try a Version of ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’." Newsweek, August 6 2001, 51. Varela, Paul. "A Scout Is Friendly: Freedom of Association and the State Effort to End Private Discrimination." William and Mary Law Review, no. Summer (1989): 919-65. Varnum, Steve. "Scout Leader Calls Reports 'Inaccurate'; Official Clarifies Policy on Gays." Concord Monitor, September 27 2000. Villafranca, Armando, and Mike Glenn. "Local Scout Officials Hail Court Decision on Right to Exclude: Troop Leader Likens Gays to Criminals." Houston Chronicle, June 29 2000, 27. Walsh, Mark. "Scouts' Ban on Gays Is Prompting Schools to Reconsider Ties." Education Week 20, no. 8 (2000): 6-7. Walzer, Lee. Gay Rights on Trial: A Reference Handbook, ABC-CLIO's on Trial Series. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0c7g2-aa. Wang, Hua. "Boy Scouts of America: Discrimination or Not?" Eruditio 20, no. 1 (2000). Wapshott, Nicholas. "Scouting: The Straight and Narrow." New Statesman, 10 March 2008, 22. White, Stuart. "Freedom of Association and the Right to Exclude." Journal of Political Philosophy 5, no. 4 (1997): 373-91. Whitehead Jr., Roy, and Walter Block. "The Boy Scouts, Freedom of Association, and the Right to Discriminate: A Legal, Philosophical, and Economic Analysis." Oklahoma City Law Review 29, no. 3 (2004): 851-82. Whitman, David. "Beyond Thrift and Loyalty: An Identity Crisis Looms for the Boy Scouts." U.S. News and World Report, January 11 1991, 50-52. Wilhelm, Cornelia. "He's Gay, but a California Eagle Scout Says His Adult Leader Application Should Be Judged on its Merits." People Weekly, November 7 1983. Wilhelm, Maria. "He's Gay, but a California Eagle Scout Says His Adult Leader Application Should Be Judged on its Merits." People Weekly, November 7 1983. Williams, Juan. "Analysis: Boy Scouts of America and Recent Controversy over Admitting Homosexual Members." In Talk of the Nation. USA: National Public Radio, 2000. Wilson, Terry. "Boy Scouts Sued for $1 Million by Gay over Job Discrimination." Chicago Tribune, April 6 1995, 8.

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———. "Scouts Hit on Homosexual Policy Hearing Officer Rules Group Violated City Law with Office's Stated Refusal to Hire a Gay Man." Chicago Tribune, September 20 1995, 3. ———. "Chicago Boy Scout Council Fined for Discriminating against Gay." Chicago Tribune, February 22 1996, 2C. Wolf, Leslie. "Cop Ousted by Scouts Says He's Not Gay by Choice: El Cajon's Merino, Church Leaders Testify at Trial." San Diego Union-Tribune, March 30 1994. Yokoi, Iris. "Ferguson to Continue Pushing Scouting Bill." Los Angeles Times, July 31 1992, 3.

Minorities and the BSA

"Effects of Occupation and Racial Background on the Boy Scouts of Connecticut." Sociology and Social Forces 18 (1933): 43-51. Hendree, Kenneth Nolan. "Strategic Planning to Achieve Racial Diversity at the Four Lakes Boy Scouts Council: A Process and Plan." M.P.A. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 1999. Smith, Melvin R. "Some Problems, Methods and Results in Scout Interracial and Intercultural Scouting." M.A. thesis, Highlands University, 1951.

Minorities – African-Americans

"City of Evanston." The Chicago Defender, 4 May 1912, 7. "City of Evanston; Boy Cadets." The Chicago Defender, 1 June 1912, 8. Scouting for Negro Boys in Methodist Churches. New York, NY: A.M.E. Zion, A.M.E., C.M.E. Churches, 1940. "Boy Scout Movement for All Races, Director Says." Atlanta Daily World, 11 March 1958, 1. "Illinois Youth Heads Arrow Scouts." Ebony 17 (1961): 102-4+. "Digging the Stoners; Black and Puerto Rican Stoners of South Brooklyn." Time 96 (1970): 11-12. "Scouting Blazes a Trail into the Ghetto." Life 70 (1971): 38-42. "First Black Leader of 1.5 Million Boy Scouts." Ebony 37 (1982): 140-1+. "William Alexander Clement, N.C. Business & Community Leader and Father of Local Execs, Is Dead at Age 88." Atlanta Daily World, 1 April 2001, 6. "Nearly 40 Years after South Carolina Race Protest, Civil Rights Activist Finally Receives Scouts' Honor." Jet, 17 December 2007, 15-16. African American Historical Society of Portsmouth. The African American Historical Society of Portsmouth, Inc. Presents Timeless Values: A Salute to African American Boy Scouts Gosport District - Portsmouth, Virginia, 1933-1969. Portsmouth, VA: African American Historical Society of Portsmouth, 2004. Baranowski, Tom, Janice Baranowski, and Karen Cullen. "5 a Day Achievement Badge for African- American Boy Scouts: Pilot Outcome Results." Preventive Medicine 34, no. 3 (2002): 353-63. Butler, Broadus Nathaniel. "Unforgettable Clarence Mathews." Reader's Digest 111 (1977): 139-42. Tilley, Margaret Campbell. "The Boy Scout Movement in East Harlem." Ed.D. diss, New York University, 1935. Wright, Harold Arthur. "A Comparative Study of Twenty-Five Negro Scouts and Twenty-Five Negro Non-Scouts of Pittsburg, Kansas." M.S. thesis, Kansas State Teachers College of Pittsburg, 1940.

Minorities – Asian-Americans

Berry, Jon Michael , University of Minnesota - Duluth Center for Community Regional Research, and Indianhead Council BSA. Project Report: Hmong Odyssey: A History and a Play. Duluth, MN: Center for Community & Regional Research College of Liberal Arts University of Minnesota Duluth, 1999.

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BSA Troop 3. Golden Anniversary, 1914-1964. San Francisco, CA: BSA Troop 3 Alumni Association, 1964.

Minorities – Hispanic-Americans

"Spanish American Scout Troop Is Now Recognized." Fort Collins Express Courier, August 14 1927, 6. "Spanish Boy Scouts Hear Talk on Being Good Citizens." Fort Collins Express Courier, August 14 1927. "Spanish American Boy Scouts Do Fine Work." Fort Collins Express Courier, September 19 1928, 14. Boy Scouts of America. "Hispanic American/Latino Focus." http://www.scoutreachbsa.org/hispanic/index.html.

Minorities – Lower SES & Urban Youth

Boy Scouts of America. District Comparison by the Index of Urban Challenge. New Brunswick, NJ: Boy Scouts of America, 1970. ———. A Response to Obstacles to Scouting in Low-Income Area. 2nd ed, Inner-City Rural Program Research Report. North Brunswick, NJ: Boy Scouts of America, 1973. ———. A Local Council Guidebook on Serving Inner-City and Rural Communities: A Scouting Challenge and Opportunity for Executive Board Members, Council Low-Income Planning Committees, Council Professionals, Regional and National Personnel. Irving, TX: Boy Scouts of America, 1982. Boy Scouts of America, and Research and program development service. Institute for Juvenile Research. Scouting in Less-Chance Areas, a Descriptive Statement Developed in Cooperation with the Local Councils at Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago, and the Chicago Institute for Juvenile Research, State of Illinois. New York, NY: Boy Scouts of America, 1939. Hansell, John Melvin. "Tenure and Advancement of Urban and Rural Boy Scouts in the Alamo District of Texas." M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1941. Ortiz, Maurilio V., Paul Arrambide, and Phillip Ryan, eds. Boy Scouts of America Programs in HUD- Assisted Housing. New Brunswick, NJ: Boy Scouts of America, 1974. Ortiz, Maurilio V., Paul Arrambide, US Department of Housing and Urban Development, and Boy Scouts of America. Boy Scouts of America Programs in Public Housing. New Brunswick, NJ: Boy Scouts of America, 1972. Parenti, Mark. "Scouts 'N the Hood: A Compass for Inner-City Boyz." Policy Review, no. 64 (1993): 62- 6.

Minorities – Native Americans

"Indian Boy and Girl Scouts." Scholastic 29 (1936): 31. "Buck's Brats Become Koshare Indians." Rotarian 61 (1942): 42-4. "Return of the Gods." Time 63 (1954): 60+. "First Boy Scout Troops in America Organized at Pawhuska, Okla.". Chronicles of Oklahoma 43, no. 3 (1965): 210-11. American Indian Section. National Interracial Service Committee. BSA. "Report of the Highlights: 1961 Scouting among American Indian Boys Meeting (Volunteer Training Center, Philmont Scout Ranch, Cimarron, Nm, September 14-16, 1961)." Washington, DC: Arrow, 1961. Bayers, Peter L. "Charles Alexander Eastman’s "from the Deep Woods to Civilization" and the Shaping of Native Manhood " Studies in American Indian Literatures 20, no. 3 (2008): 52-73. Boy Scouts of America. Cub Scouting, Boy Scouting, and Exploring in American Indian Communities: Guidelines for Council and District Scouting Leaders and American Indian Leaders. Irving, TX: Boy Scouts of America, 1993.

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Braude, Anne. "Making Men by Making Indians: 'Red Men,' Boy Scouts and the YMCA." In New Viewpoints in Women's History: Working Papers from the Schlesinger Library 50th Anniversary Conference March 4-5, 1994, edited by Susan Ware. Cambridge, MA: The Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library, 1994. Carlson, David J. ""Indian for a While": Charles Eastman's Indian Boyhood and the Discourse of Allotment." The American Indian Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2001): 604-25. Chambers, C. C., and Chief Cornstalk Council BSA. History and Tradition Covering the Lives of Chief Cornstalk, Chief Logan and Princess Aracoma. Logan, WV: Chief Cornstalk Council BSA, 1954. Coskan-Johnson, Gale P. "What Writer Would Not Be an Indian for a While? Charles Alexander Eastman, Critical Memory, and Audience." Studies in American Indian Literatures 18, no. 2 (2006): 105-31. Culin, Stewart. Collection. Culin Archival Collection, Brooklyn Museum Libraries and Archives. Brooklyn, NY. Contents: http://library.brooklynmuseum.org/record=b770586~S2. Deloria, Philip J. "Playing Indian: Otherness and Authenticity in the Assumption of American Indian Identity." Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1994. ———. Playing Indian, Yale Historical Publications Series. s.l.: Yale University Press, 1999. Eastman, Charles Alexander. Indian Scout Talks: A Guide for Boy Scouts and Campfire Girls1914. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fph&AN=FPH58642&site=ehost-live. ———. Indian Scout Talks; a Guide for Boy Scouts and Campfire Girls. Boston, MA: Little Brown and Co., 1914. Eastman, Charles Alexander, Michael Oren Fitzgerald (Ed.), and James Trosper (Foreword). Living in Two Worlds: The American Indian Experience, Library of Perennial Philosophy, American Indian Traditions Series. Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2010. Farley, Michelle Denise. "Wimachtendienk, Wingolauchsikm, Witanmeui: Use of Native Culture in the Order of the Arrow." B.A. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 2008. Fonseca, Felicia. "Navajo Cub Scout in Florida; Starts Movement to Create Religious Emblem for American Indians." News from Indian Country 21, no. 18 (2007): 13-13. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fph&AN=26580367&site=ehost-live. Friggens, Paul. "Burshears' Remarkable Boy Scouts." Reader's Digest 78 (1961): 259-60+. Green, Rayna. "The Tribe Called Wannabee: Playing Indian in America and Europe." Folklore 99, no. 1 (1988): 30-55. Haines, Joe D. "Pawhuska, Oklahoma: Home to America's First Boy Scout Troop." Chronicles of Oklahoma 83, no. 3 (2005): 365-68. Hammond, Jeffrey. "Bad Scouts & Nervous Indians." The Missouri Review 28, no. 1 (2005): 48-60. Hemer, Jeffrey Scott. "Truth against Tradition: The Origins and Meanings of the Indian Motif in the Boy Scouts of America." MA thesis, University of Arizona, 2000. Huhndorf, Shari. "From the Turn of the Century to the New Age: Playing Indian, Past and Present " In As We Are Now: Mixblood Essays on Race and Identity, edited by William S. Penn, 181-98. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. Huhndorf, Shari M. Going Native: Indians in the American Cultural Imagination. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001. Kelsey, Penelope Myrtle. "A 'Real Indian' to the Boy Scouts: Charles Eastman as a Resistance Writer." Western American Literature 38, no. 1 (2003): 30-48. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mzh&AN=2003531383&site=ehost-live. Lassiter, Luke E. The Power of Kiowa Song: A Collaborative Ethnography. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1998. Lopenzina, Drew. ""Good Indian": Charles Eastman and the Warrior as Civil Servant." The American Indian Quarterly 27, no. 3&4 (2003): 727-57. Peterson, Erik. "An Indian . . . An American: Ethnicity, Assimilation, and Balance in Charles Eastman’s from the Deep Woods to Civilization." Studies in American Indian Literatures 4, no. 2-3 (1992): 145-60.

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Powers, William K. "Boy Scouts and Indians." In Encyclopedia of North American Indians: Native American History, Culture, and Life from Paleo-Indians to the Present, edited by Fredeirck E. Hoxie, 82-83. New York: Houghton Mifflin Books, 1996. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fph&AN=FPH69422&site=ehost-live. Ross, Cindy. "Out of the Woods: American Indian Scouts." Native Peoples 20, no. 3 (2007): 12. Smith, Sherry. Reimagining Indians: Native Americans through Anglo Eyes, 1880-1940. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. Stedman, Raymond William. Shadows of the Indian. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982. Sykes, M. "Let's Play Indian." Everybody's Magazine 23 (1910): 473-83. Tomkins, William. Universal Indian Sign Language of the Plains Indians of North America, Together with a Simplified Method of Study, a List of Words in Most General Use, a Codification of Pictographic Symbols of the Sioux and Ojibway: A Dictionary of Synonyms, a History of Sign Language, Chapters on Smoke Signaling, Use of Idioms, Etc. San Diego, CA: William Tomkins, 1927. Tranchtenberg, Alan. Shades of Hiawatha: Staging Indians, Making Americans, 1880-1930. New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 2004. Wheeler, Harry L. The Indian in Chehaw Council, B.S.A. Albany, GA: Chehaw Council BSA, 1953.

Legal Cases involving BSA’s Membership Policies and Law Review Articles

Boy Scouts of America v. Wyman, 335 F.3d 80 (2d Cir. 2003), cert denied, 541 U.S. 903 (2004). Randall v. Orange County Council, Boy Scouts of America, 72 Cal. Reptr. 2d 453 (Cal. 1998). Schwenk v. Boy Scouts of America, 551 P.2d 465 (Or.) (1976). Terry v. Boy Scouts of America, Inc., 598 F.2d 616 (4th Cir.) (1979). Timothy Curran v. Mt. Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America, 147 Cal.App.3d 712 [195 Cal.Rptr. 325] (1983). Ouinnipiac Council BSA v. Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities, 528 A.2d 352 (Conn. 1987) (1987). Mankes v. Boy Scouts of America, 137 F.R.D. 409, 411 (S.D. Fla.) (1991). Department of Human Rights v. Boy Scouts of America, No. MX 92-07717, slip op. at 12 (Minn. Dist. Ct.) (1992). Welsh v. Boy Scouts of America, 787 F. Supp. 1511, 1522-34, 1539 (1992). Richard H. Sherman, a Minor and Robert I. Sherman, His Father and Next Friend, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Community Consolidated School District 21 of Wheeling Township, Helen Stein, Phil Pritzker, Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, 8 F.3d 1160 (7th Cir.) (1993). Welsh v. Boy Scouts of America, 993 F.2d at p.1271 (1993). Welsh v. Boy Scouts of America, cert. denied, 510 U.S. 1012 (1993). Seabourn v. Coronado Area Council, Boy Scouts of America, 891 P.2d 385 (Kan. 1995) (1995). In the Matter of Richardson v. Chicago Area Council Boy Scouts of America, No. 92-E-80 (Chicago Commission on Human Rights, Feb. 21, 1996) (1996). Yeaw v. Boy Scouts of America, 55 Cal. App. 4th 607, 64 Cal. Rptr. 2d 85 (Cal. Ct. App.) (1997). Dale v. Boy Scouts of America, 706 A.2d N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 270 (1998). Dale v. Boy Scouts of America, No. MON-C-330-92 (N.J. Super. Ct. Ch. Div.), rev'd, 708 A.2d 270 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1998) 68,128 (1998). Timothy Curran v. Mount Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America, 17 Cal. 670 (1998). Yeaw v. Boy Scouts of America, review dismissed, 960 P.2d 509 (Cal.) (1998). Boy Scouts of America et Al. v. James Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000). Michael Adams et Al. v. Boy Scouts of America – Chickasaw Council, No. 3CV98313 (E.D. Ark. Jan. 5, 2000) (2000). Boy Scouts of America v. Till, 136 F. Supp. 2d 1295, 1308 (S.D. Fla.) (2001).

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Chicago Area Council of Boy Scouts of America v. City of Chicago Commission on Human Relations, 748 N.E. 2d 759 (Ill. App. Ct.) (2001). Michael Adams et Al. v. Boy Scout of America - Chickasaw Council, 271 F.3d 769, 775 (8th Cir.) (2001). Boy Scouts of America v. District of Columbia Commission on Human Rights, 809 A.2d 1192 (D.C.) (2002). Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America, 275 F. Supp. 2d 1259 (S.D. Cal) (2003). Powell v. Bunn, 185 Or App 334, 59 P3d 559 (2002), rev den, 336 Or 60 (2003) (2003). Gibson v. Boy Scouts of America, et Al., 359 F. Supp.2d 469 (E.D. Va.) (2005). Powell v. Bunn, 198 Or App 21, 108 P3d 37 (2005). Evans v. City of Berkeley, 38 Cal. 4th 1, 129 P.3d 394 (Cal.) (2006). Gibson v. Boy Scouts of America, (4th Cir.) (2006). Powell v. Bunn, 142 P.3d 1054 (Or. 2006) (2006). Scalise v. Boy Scouts of America, 629 N.W. 2d 858 (Mich. Ct. App.), aff'd 700 N. W.2d 360 (Mich. 2005), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 2330 (2006) (2006). Eugene Winkler, Gary Gersen, Timuel Black, Mary Cay Marubio, and C. Douglas Ferguson, Plaintiffs- Appellees, v. Robert M. Gates, Secretary of Defense, Defendant-Appellant, 481 F.3d 977 (7th Cir.) (2007). Rosenbury, Laura A. "Between Home and School." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 155, no. 4 (2007): 833-98.

470/100822

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