Genomes of Skipper Butterflies Reveal Extensive Convergence of Wing
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Panicledleaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium Paniculatum) Plant Fact Sheet
Plant Fact Sheet Hairstreak (Strymon melinus) eat the flowers and PANICLEDLEAF developing seedpods. Other insect feeders include many kinds of beetles, and some species of thrips, aphids, moth TICKTREFOIL caterpillars, and stinkbugs. The seeds are eaten by some upland gamebirds (Bobwhite Quail, Wild Turkey) and Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. small rodents (White-Footed Mouse, Deer Mouse), while Plant Symbol = DEPA6 the foliage is readily eaten by White-Tailed Deer and other hoofed mammalian herbivores. The Cottontail Contributed by: USDA, NRCS, Norman A. Berg National Rabbit also consumes the foliage. Plant Materials Center, Beltsville, MD Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Description and Adaptation Panicledleaf Ticktrefoil is a native, perennial, wildflower that grows up to 3 feet tall. The genus Desmodium: originates from Greek meaning "long branch or chain," probably from the shape and attachment of the seedpods. The central stem is green with clover-like, oblong, multiple green leaflets proceeding singly up the stem. The showy purple flowers appear in late summer and grow arranged on a stem maturing from the bottom upwards. In early fall, the flowers produce leguminous seed pods approximately ⅛ inch long. Panicledleaf Photo by Rick Mark [email protected] image used with permission Ticktrefoil plants have a single crown. This wildflower is a pioneer species that prefers some disturbance from Alternate Names wildfires, selective logging, and others causes. The sticky Panicled Tick Trefoil seedpods cling to the fur of animals and the clothing of Uses humans and are carried to new locations. -
Astraptes Fulgerator Butterfly Ten Species in One: DNA Barcoding
Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator Paul D. N. Hebert, Erin H. Penton, John M. Burns, Daniel H. Janzen, and Winnie Hallwachs PNAS 2004;101;14812-14817; originally published online Oct 1, 2004; doi:10.1073/pnas.0406166101 This information is current as of January 2007. Online Information High-resolution figures, a citation map, links to PubMed and Google Scholar, & Services etc., can be found at: www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/101/41/14812 Supplementary Material Supplementary material can be found at: www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0406166101/DC1 References This article cites 13 articles, 2 of which you can access for free at: www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/101/41/14812#BIBL This article has been cited by other articles: www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/101/41/14812#otherarticles E-mail Alerts Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top right corner of the article or click here. Rights & Permissions To reproduce this article in part (figures, tables) or in entirety, see: www.pnas.org/misc/rightperm.shtml Reprints To order reprints, see: www.pnas.org/misc/reprints.shtml Notes: Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator Paul D. N. Hebert*†, Erin H. Penton*, John M. Burns‡, Daniel H. Janzen§, and Winnie Hallwachs§ *Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; ‡Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0127; and §Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Contributed by Daniel H. -
Biodiversity Work Group Report: Appendices
Biodiversity Work Group Report: Appendices A: Initial List of Important Sites..................................................................................................... 2 B: An Annotated List of the Mammals of Albemarle County........................................................ 5 C: Birds ......................................................................................................................................... 18 An Annotated List of the Birds of Albemarle County.............................................................. 18 Bird Species Status Tables and Charts...................................................................................... 28 Species of Concern in Albemarle County............................................................................ 28 Trends in Observations of Species of Concern..................................................................... 30 D. Fish of Albemarle County........................................................................................................ 37 E. An Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians of Albemarle County.......................................... 41 F. An Annotated Checklist of the Reptiles of Albemarle County, Virginia................................. 45 G. Invertebrate Lists...................................................................................................................... 51 H. Flora of Albemarle County ...................................................................................................... 69 I. Rare -
Uncus Shaped Akin to Elephant Tusks Defines a New Genus for Two Very Different-In-Appearance Neotropical Skippers (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)
The Journal Volume 45: 101-112 of Research on the Lepidoptera ISSN 0022-4324 (PR in T ) THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, 29 DE C EMBER 2012 ISSN 2156-5457 (O N L in E ) Uncus shaped akin to elephant tusks defines a new genus for two very different-in-appearance Neotropical skippers (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) Nic K V. GR ishin Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9050 [email protected] Abstract. Analyses of male genitalia, other aspects of adult, larval and pupal morphology, and DNA COI barcode sequences suggest that Potamanaxas unifasciata (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) does not belong to Potamanaxas Lindsey, 1925 and not even to the Erynnini tribe, but instead is more closely related to Milanion Godman & Salvin, 1895 and Atarnes Godman & Salvin, 1897, (Achlyodini). Unexpected and striking similarities are revealed in the male genitalia of P. unifasciata and Atarnes hierax (Hopffer, 1874). Their genitalia are so similar and distinct from the others that one might casually mistake them for the same species. Capturing this uniqueness, a new genus Eburuncus is erected to include: E. unifasciata, new combination (type species) and E. hierax, new combination. Key words: phylogenetic classification, monophyletic taxa, immature stages, DNA barcodes,Atarnes sallei, Central America, Peru. INTRODUCT I ON 1982-1999). Most of Burns’ work derives from careful analysis of genitalia, recently assisted by morphology Comprehensive work by Evans (e.g. Evans, 1937; of immature stages and molecular evidence (e.g. 1952; 1953) still remains the primary source of Burns & Janzen, 2005; Burns et al., 2009; 2010). -
DNA Barcodes and Cryptic Species of Skipper Butterflies in the Genus Perichares in Area De Conservacio´ N Guanacaste, Costa Rica
DNA barcodes and cryptic species of skipper butterflies in the genus Perichares in Area de Conservacio´ n Guanacaste, Costa Rica John M. Burns*†, Daniel H. Janzen†‡, Mehrdad Hajibabaei§, Winnie Hallwachs‡, and Paul D. N. Hebert§ *Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 127, Washington, DC 20013-7012; ‡Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and §Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1 Contributed by Daniel H. Janzen, December 23, 2007 (sent for review November 16, 2007) DNA barcodes can be used to identify cryptic species of skipper butterflies previously detected by classic taxonomic methods and to provide first clues to the existence of yet other cryptic species. A striking case is the common geographically and ecologically widespread neotropical skipper butterfly Perichares philetes (Lep- idoptera, Hesperiidae), described in 1775, which barcoding splits into a complex of four species in Area de Conservacio´ n Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Three of the species are new, and all four are described. Caterpillars, pupae, and foodplants offer better distinguishing characters than do adults, whose differences are mostly average, subtle, and blurred by intraspecific variation. The caterpillars of two species are generalist grass-eaters; of the other two, specialist palm-eaters, each of which feeds on different genera. But all of these cryptic species are more specialized in their diet than was the morphospecies that held them. The four ACG taxa discovered to date belong to a panneotropical complex of at least eight species. This complex likely includes still more species, whose exposure may require barcoding. -
Reading the Complex Skipper Butterfly Fauna of One Tropical Place
Reading the Complex Skipper Butterfly Fauna of One Tropical Place Daniel H. Janzen1*, Winnie Hallwachs1, John M. Burns2, Mehrdad Hajibabaei3, Claudia Bertrand3, Paul D. N. Hebert3 1 Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 3 Department of Integrative Biology, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Abstract Background: An intense, 30-year, ongoing biodiversity inventory of Lepidoptera, together with their food plants and parasitoids, is centered on the rearing of wild-caught caterpillars in the 120,000 terrestrial hectares of dry, rain, and cloud forest of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Since 2003, DNA barcoding of all species has aided their identification and discovery. We summarize the process and results for a large set of the species of two speciose subfamilies of ACG skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae) and emphasize the effectiveness of barcoding these species (which are often difficult and time-consuming to identify). Methodology/Principal Findings: Adults are DNA barcoded by the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Guelph, Canada; and they are identified by correlating the resulting COI barcode information with more traditional information such as food plant, facies, genitalia, microlocation within ACG, caterpillar traits, etc. This process has found about 303 morphologically defined species of eudamine and pyrgine Hesperiidae breeding in ACG (about 25% of the ACG butterfly fauna) and another 44 units indicated by distinct barcodes (n = 9,094), which may be additional species and therefore may represent as much as a 13% increase. -
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in a Coastal Plain Area in the State of Paraná, Brazil
62 TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(2): 62-67, 2016 LEVISKI ET AL.: Butterflies in Paraná Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in a coastal plain area in the state of Paraná, Brazil Gabriela Lourenço Leviski¹*, Luziany Queiroz-Santos¹, Ricardo Russo Siewert¹, Lucy Mila Garcia Salik¹, Mirna Martins Casagrande¹ and Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke¹ ¹ Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]٭ Abstract: The coastal plain environments of southern Brazil are neglected and poorly represented in Conservation Units. In view of the importance of sampling these areas, the present study conducted the first butterfly inventory of a coastal area in the state of Paraná. Samples were taken in the Floresta Estadual do Palmito, from February 2014 through January 2015, using insect nets and traps for fruit-feeding butterfly species. A total of 200 species were recorded, in the families Hesperiidae (77), Nymphalidae (73), Riodinidae (20), Lycaenidae (19), Pieridae (7) and Papilionidae (4). Particularly notable records included the rare and vulnerable Pseudotinea hemis (Schaus, 1927), representing the lowest elevation record for this species, and Temenis huebneri korallion Fruhstorfer, 1912, a new record for Paraná. These results reinforce the need to direct sampling efforts to poorly inventoried areas, to increase knowledge of the distribution and occurrence patterns of butterflies in Brazil. Key words: Atlantic Forest, Biodiversity, conservation, inventory, species richness. INTRODUCTION the importance of inventories to knowledge of the fauna and its conservation, the present study inventoried the species of Faunal inventories are important for providing knowledge butterflies of the Floresta Estadual do Palmito. -
Butterflies and Moths of Comal County, Texas, United States
Heliothis ononis Flax Bollworm Moth Coptotriche aenea Blackberry Leafminer Argyresthia canadensis Apyrrothrix araxes Dull Firetip Phocides pigmalion Mangrove Skipper Phocides belus Belus Skipper Phocides palemon Guava Skipper Phocides urania Urania skipper Proteides mercurius Mercurial Skipper Epargyreus zestos Zestos Skipper Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus spanna Hispaniolan Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop Polygonus leo Hammock Skipper Polygonus savigny Manuel's Skipper Chioides albofasciatus White-striped Longtail Chioides zilpa Zilpa Longtail Chioides ixion Hispaniolan Longtail Aguna asander Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna claxon Emerald Aguna Aguna metophis Tailed Aguna Typhedanus undulatus Mottled Longtail Typhedanus ampyx Gold-tufted Skipper Polythrix octomaculata Eight-spotted Longtail Polythrix mexicanus Mexican Longtail Polythrix asine Asine Longtail Polythrix caunus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) Zestusa dorus Short-tailed Skipper Codatractus carlos Carlos' Mottled-Skipper Codatractus alcaeus White-crescent Longtail Codatractus yucatanus Yucatan Mottled-Skipper Codatractus arizonensis Arizona Skipper Codatractus valeriana Valeriana Skipper Urbanus proteus Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail Urbanus belli Double-striped Longtail Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus evona Turquoise Longtail Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail Urbanus teleus Teleus Longtail Urbanus tanna Tanna Longtail Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail Urbanus procne Brown Longtail -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Subfamilies and Circumscription of Tribes in the Family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)
Cladistics Cladistics 24 (2008) 642–676 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) Andrew D. Warrena,b,*, Joshua R. Ogawac and Andrew V. Z. Browerc aMcGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, SW 34th Street and Hull Road, PO Box 112710, Gainesville, FL 32611-2710, USA; bMuseo de Zoologı´a, Departamento de Biologı´a Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Apdo. Postal 70-399, Me´xico DF 04510, Me´xico; cDepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA Accepted 10 January 2008 Abstract A comprehensive tribal-level classification for the worldÕs subfamilies of Hesperiidae, the skipper butterflies, is proposed for the first time. Phylogenetic relationships between tribes and subfamilies are inferred using DNA sequence data from three gene regions (cytochrome oxidase subunit I-subunit II, elongation factor-1a and wingless). Monophyly of the family is strongly supported, as are some of the traditionally recognized subfamilies, with the following relationships: (Coeliadinae + (‘‘Pyrginae’’ + (Heteropteri- nae + (Trapezitinae + Hesperiinae)))). The subfamily Pyrginae of contemporary authors was recovered as a paraphyletic grade of taxa. The formerly recognized subfamily Pyrrhopyginae, although monophyletic, is downgraded to a tribe of the ‘‘Pyrginae’’. The former subfamily Megathyminae is an infra-tribal group of the Hesperiinae. The Australian endemic Euschemon rafflesia is a hesperiid, possibly related to ‘‘Pyrginae’’ (Eudamini). Most of the traditionally recognized groups and subgroups of genera currently employed to partition the subfamilies of the Hesperiidae are not monophyletic. -
How to Use This Checklist
How To Use This Checklist Swallowtails: Family Papilionidae Special Note: Spring and Summer Azures have recently The information presented in this checklist reflects our __ Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor R; May - Sep. been recognized as separate species. Azure taxonomy has not current understanding of the butterflies found within __ Zebra Swallowtail Eurytides marcellus R; May - Aug. been completely sorted out by the experts. Cleveland Metroparks. (This list includes all species that have __ Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes C; May - Sep. __ Appalachian Azure Celastrina neglecta-major h; mid - late been recorded in Cuyahoga County, and a few additional __ Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes h; rare in Cleveland May; not recorded in Cuy. Co. species that may occur here.) Record you observations and area; July - Aug. Brush-footed Butterflies: Family Nymphalidae contact a naturalist if you find something that may be of __ Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus C; May - Oct.; __ American Snout Libytheana carinenta R; June - Oct. interest. females occur as yellow or dark morphs __ Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia R; June - Oct. __ Spicebush Swallowtail Papilio troilus C; May - Oct. __ Great Spangled Fritillary Speyeria cybele C; May - Oct. Species are listed taxonomically, with a common name, a Whites and Sulphurs: Family Pieridae __ Aphrodite Fritillary Speyeria aphrodite O; June - Sep. scientific name, a note about its relative abundance and flight __ Checkered White Pontia protodice h; rare in Cleveland area; __ Regal Fritillary Speyeria idalia X; no recent Ohio records; period. Check off species that you identify within Cleveland May - Oct. formerly in Cleveland Metroparks Metroparks. __ West Virginia White Pieris virginiensis O; late Apr. -
Papilionoidea (Butterfly & Skipper) Species List
Papilionoidea (Butterfly & Skipper) Species List Higher Classification1 Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Superfamily: Papilionoidea Family (F:), Subfamily (sF:) and Tribe (T:) Scientific Name1 English Name1 F: Hesperiidae (Skippers) sF: Eudaminae (Spreadwing Skippers) Astraptes anaphus annetta Yellow-tipped Flasher Central American Banded- Autochton vectilucis Skipper Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail sF: Hesperiinae (Grass Skippers) T: Anthoptini Synapte salenus salenus Salenus Faceted-Skipper T: Calpodini Calpodes cf. ethlius Brazilian Skipper Talides alternata Alternate Ruby-eye T: Hesperiini Hylephila cf. phyleus phyleus Fiery Skipper Poanes inimica Yellow-stained Skipper Poanes cf. zabulon Hobomok Skipper T: Moncini Halotus angellus Angellus Skipper Lerema accius Clouded Skipper Remella rita Rita's Remella sF: Heteropterinae (Skipperlings) Dalla lethaea Schaus' Skipperling sF: Pyrginae (Spread-wing Skippers) T: Achlyodidini Doberes anticus Dark Doberes T: Carcharodini Noctuana lactifera lactifera Cryptic Skipper T: Erynnini Mylon cf. maimon Common Mylon F: Lycaenidae (Gossamerwings) sF: Theclinae (Hairstreaks) T: Eumaeini (Hairstreaks) Contrafacia bassania White-etched Hairstreak F: Nymphalidae (Brushfoots) sF: Apaturinae (Emperors) Doxocopa cyane mexicana Mexican Emperor Doxocopa laurentia cherubina Turquoise Emperor sF: Biblidinae (Exotic Brushfoots) T: Callicorini Diaethria anna anna Anna’s Eighty-eight Diaethria astala astala Astala Eighty-eight Diaethria clymena marchalii Widespread Eighty-eight -
Ten Genes and Two Topologies: an Exploration of Higher Relationships in Skipper Butterflies (Hesperiidae)
Ten genes and two topologies: an exploration of higher relationships in skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae) Ranjit Kumar Sahoo1, Andrew D. Warren2, Niklas Wahlberg3,4, Andrew V. Z. Brower5, Vladimir A. Lukhtanov6,7 and Ullasa Kodandaramaiah1 1 School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2 McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, UF Cultural Plaza, Gainesville, FL, USA 3 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 4 Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 5 Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA 6 Department of Insect Systematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 7 Department of Entomology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia ABSTRACT Despite multiple attempts to infer the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of skipper butterflies (Family Hesperiidae), uncertainties in the deep clade relationships persist. The most recent phylogenetic analysis included fewer than 30% of known genera and data from three gene markers. Here we reconstruct the higher-level relationships with a rich sampling of ten nuclear and mitochondrial markers (7,726 bp) from 270 genera and find two distinct but equally plausible topologies among subfamilies at the base of the tree. In one set of analyses, the nuclear markers suggest two contrasting topologies, one of which is supported by the mitochondrial dataset. However, another set of analyses suggests mito-nuclear conflict as the reason for topological incongruence. Neither topology is strongly supported, and we conclude that there is insufficient phylogenetic evidence in the Submitted 24 May 2016 Accepted 4 October 2016 molecular dataset to resolve these relationships.