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Development of a Dedicated Laser-Polarization Beamline for ISOLDE-CERN
ARENBERG DOCTORAL SCHOOL Faculty of Science Development of a dedicated laser-polarization beamline for ISOLDE-CERN CERN-THESIS-2018-324 //2019 Wouter Gins Supervisor: Dissertation presented in partial Prof. dr. G. Neyens fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science (PhD): Physics January 2019 Development of a dedicated laser-polarization beamline for ISOLDE-CERN Wouter GINS Examination committee: Dissertation presented in partial Prof. dr. E. Janssens, chair fulfillment of the requirements for Prof. dr. G. Neyens, supervisor the degree of Doctor of Science Prof. dr. N. Severijns (PhD): Physics Prof. dr. R. Raabe Prof. dr. T. E. Cocolios Dr. M. L. Bissell (The University of Manchester) Dr. M. Kowalska (CERN) January 2019 © 2019 KU Leuven – Faculty of Science Uitgegeven in eigen beheer, Wouter Gins, Celestijnenlaan 200D - 2418, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium) Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar gemaakt worden door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm, elektronisch of op welke andere wijze ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, electronic or any other means without written permission from the publisher. Dankwoord De laatste loodjes wegen het zwaarst, maar als de laatste stap van het schrijven van een thesis het dankwoord is, is de last toch net iets minder groot. Eerst en vooral: Gerda, bedankt voor de begeleiding die reeds tijdens mijn master begon. Door de uitdaging die je mij hebt overtuigd vol te houden ben ik volledig veranderd in de laatste vier jaar, ten goede. -
Historic Costuming Presented by Jill Harrison
Historic Southern Indiana Interpretation Workshop, March 2-4, 1998 Historic Costuming Presented By Jill Harrison IMPRESSIONS Each of us makes an impression before ever saying a word. We size up visitors all the time, anticipating behavior from their age, clothing, and demeanor. What do they think of interpreters, disguised as we are in the threads of another time? While stressing the importance of historically accurate costuming (outfits) and accoutrements for first- person interpreters, there are many reasons compromises are made - perhaps a tight budget or lack of skilled construction personnel. Items such as shoes and eyeglasses are usually a sticking point when assembling a truly accurate outfit. It has been suggested that when visitors spot inaccurate details, interpreter credibility is downgraded and visitors launch into a frame of mind to find other inaccuracies. This may be true of visitors who are historical reenactors, buffs, or other interpreters. Most visitors, though, lack the heightened awareness to recognize the difference between authentic period detailing and the less-than-perfect substitutions. But everyone will notice a wristwatch, sunglasses, or tennis shoes. We have a responsibility to the public not to misrepresent the past; otherwise we are not preserving history but instead creating our own fiction and calling it the truth. Realistically, the appearance of the interpreter, our information base, our techniques, and our environment all affect the first-person experience. Historically accurate costuming perfection is laudable and reinforces academic credence. The minute details can be a springboard to important educational concepts; but the outfit is not the linchpin on which successful interpretation hangs. -
Analysis of Rummy Games: Expected Waiting Times and Optimal Strategies
ANALYSIS OF RUMMY GAMES: EXPECTED WAITING TIMES AND OPTIMAL STRATEGIES CHRISTOPHER FINKLE A SENIOR RESEARCH PAPER PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE OF STETSON UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE STETSON UNIVERSITY 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Background and Objective . 2 1.2 Games of the Rummy Family . 3 1.3 Expected Value and Expected Time . 4 1.4 Existing Literature . 6 2 A Computational Approach 6 2.1 The Combinatorial Explosion of Rummy . 6 2.2 The Strategy of Dynamic Programming . 7 2.3 Introduction of Simplifying Assumptions . 8 2.4 The Bellman Equation . 10 2.5 Modifying the Bellman Equation to Describe Rummy . 11 2.6 Iterating Over the Set of Hands . 12 3 Three-Card Rummy 14 3.1 A Combinatorial Implosion . 14 3.2 Results . 16 3.2.1 Analysis of Results for 3-Card Rummy with Aces Low 16 3.2.2 Analysis of Results for 3-Card Rummy with Aces High or Low . 18 3.2.3 Analysis of Results for 3-Card Continuity Rummy . 19 4 Four-Card Rummy 21 4.1 Combinatorial Regrowth . 21 4.2 Analysis of Results for 4-Card Continuity Rummy . 21 5 Approximation and Least Upper Bounds 23 5.1 An Illustration of the Bounding Process . 23 5.2 Implementation of the Approximation Algorithm . 24 5.3 Approximation of 3-Card Rummy with Aces Low . 26 5.4 Approximation of 4-Card Rummy with Aces Low . 29 5.5 Approximation of 4-Card Rummy with Aces High or Low . -
The Penguin Book of Card Games
PENGUIN BOOKS The Penguin Book of Card Games A former language-teacher and technical journalist, David Parlett began freelancing in 1975 as a games inventor and author of books on games, a field in which he has built up an impressive international reputation. He is an accredited consultant on gaming terminology to the Oxford English Dictionary and regularly advises on the staging of card games in films and television productions. His many books include The Oxford History of Board Games, The Oxford History of Card Games, The Penguin Book of Word Games, The Penguin Book of Card Games and the The Penguin Book of Patience. His board game Hare and Tortoise has been in print since 1974, was the first ever winner of the prestigious German Game of the Year Award in 1979, and has recently appeared in a new edition. His website at http://www.davpar.com is a rich source of information about games and other interests. David Parlett is a native of south London, where he still resides with his wife Barbara. The Penguin Book of Card Games David Parlett PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia) Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia -
Annual Review Are Intended Director on His fi Rst Visit to the Gallery
THE April – March NATIONAL GALLEY TH E NATIONAL GALLEY April – March – Contents Introduction 5 In June , Dr Nicholas Penny announced During Nicholas Penny’s directorship, overall Director’s Foreword 8 his intention to retire as Director of the National visitor numbers have grown steadily, year on year; Gallery. The handover to his successor, Dr Gabriele in , they stood at some . million while in Acquisitions 10 Finaldi, will take place in August . The Board they reached over . million. Furthermore, Loans 17 looks forward to welcoming Dr Finaldi back to this remarkable increase has taken place during a Conservation 24 the Gallery, where he worked as a curator from period when our resource Grant in Aid has been Framing 28 to . falling. One of the key objectives of the Gallery Exhibitions 32 This, however, is the moment at which to over the last few years has been to improve the Displays 44 refl ect on the directorship of Nicholas Penny, experience for this growing group of visitors, Education 48 the eminent scholar who has led the Gallery so and to engage them more closely with the Scientifi c Research 52 successfully since February . As Director, Gallery and its collection. This year saw both Research and Publications 55 his fi rst priority has been the security, preservation the introduction of Wi-Fi and the relaxation Public and Private Support of the Gallery 60 and enhanced display of the Gallery’s pre-eminent of restrictions on photography, changes which Trustees and Committees of the National Gallery Board 66 collection of Old Master paintings for the benefi t of have been widely welcomed by our visitors. -
French and Hessian Impressions: Foreign Soldiers' Views of America During the Revolution
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2003 French and Hessian Impressions: Foreign Soldiers' Views of America during the Revolution Cosby Williams Hall College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Hall, Cosby Williams, "French and Hessian Impressions: Foreign Soldiers' Views of America during the Revolution" (2003). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626414. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-a7k2-6k04 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FRENCH AND HESSIAN IMPRESSIONS: FOREIGN SOLDIERS’ VIEWS OF AMERICA DURING THE REVOLUTION A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Cosby Hall 2003 a p p r o v a l s h e e t This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts CosbyHall Approved, September 2003 _____________AicUM James Axtell i Ronald Hoffman^ •h im m > Ronald S chechter TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements iv Abstract V Introduction 2 Chapter 1: Hessian Impressions 4 Chapter 2: French Sentiments 41 Conclusion 113 Bibliography 116 Vita 121 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Professor James Axtell, under whose guidance this paper was written, for his advice, editing, and wisdom during this project. -
Opponent Hand Estimation in the Game of Gin Rummy
PRELIMINARY PREPRINT VERSION: DO NOT CITE The AAAI Digital Library will contain the published version some time after the conference. Opponent Hand Estimation in the Game of Gin Rummy Peter E. Francis, Hoang A. Just, Todd W. Neller Gettysburg College ffranpe02, justho01, [email protected] Abstract can make a difference in a game play strategy. We conclude In this article, we describe various approaches to oppo- with a demonstration of a simple deterministic application of nent hand estimation in the card game Gin Rummy. We our hand estimation that produces a statistically significant use an application of Bayes’ rule, as well as both sim- advantage for a player. ple and convolutional neural networks, to recognize pat- terns in simulated game play and predict the opponent’s Gin Rummy hand. We also present a new minimal-sized construction for using arrays to pre-populate hand representation im- Gin Rummy is one of the most popular 2-player card games ages. Finally, we define various metrics for evaluating played with a standard (a.k.a. French) 52-card deck. Ranks estimations, and evaluate the strengths of our different run from aces low to kings high. The object of the game is to estimations at different stages of the game. be the first player to score 100 or more points accumulated through the scoring of individual hands. Introduction The play of Gin Rummy, as with other games in the In this work, we focus on different computational strate- Rummy family, is to collect sets of cards called melds. gies to estimate the opponent’s hand in the card game Gin There are two types of melds: “sets” and “runs”. -
Welly Walking Trivia
Cumbria County Council Active travel to school Wonderful Welly Trivia So what exactly are wellies? • Wellies are also known by many other names. • In Australia, South Africa and New Zealand they are known as Gumboots • In Ireland they are often referred to as Topboots • In Russia they are known as Rubberboots. Where did the idea for wellies come from? Wellies were first worn by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and were based upon the Hessian boot. The Duke of Wellington had instructed his shoemaker to re-design the Hessian boot to make it more hard wearing and give extra comfort. This was the birth of the good old welly as we know it, before long everyone referred to the Duke’s new boots as ‘the Wellington.’ The Duke of Wellington’s style caught on quickly and many other British gentlemen copied the style. The Wellington was considered very fashionable during the 1840’s but at this stage was only made in leather. When wellies met rubber In 1852 two gentlemen by the names of Hiram Hutchinson and Charles Goodyear came together. Charles Goodyear had recently developed a process to cure rubber, called Vulcanization, and both individuals benefited from this new process. Charles Goodyear took his research into the tyre manufacturing market, whilst Hiram Hutchinson went into footwear. Hutchinson launched his footwear idea in France with a company called Aigle (meaning Eagle) His rubber footwear became a huge success here, with farmers very grateful to have their feet clean and dry for once. It sure beat the clogs they had been wearing! Rubber comes from the sap of the Havea Tree and is actually a natural product, contrary to the beliefs of many. -
CASINO from NOWHERE, to VAGUELY EVERYWHERE Franco Pratesi - 09.10.1994
CASINO FROM NOWHERE, TO VAGUELY EVERYWHERE Franco Pratesi - 09.10.1994 “Fishing games form a rich hunting ground for researchers in quest of challenge”, David Parlett writes in one of his fine books. (1) I am not certain that I am a card researcher, and I doubt the rich hunting-ground too. It is several years since I began collecting information on these games, without noticeable improvements in my knowledge of their historical development. Therefore I would be glad if some IPCS member could provide specific information. Particularly useful would be descriptions of regional variants of fishing games which have − or have had − a traditional character. Within the general challenge mentioned, I have encountered an unexpected specific challenge: the origin of Casino, always said to be of Italian origin, whereas I have not yet been able to trace it here. So it appears to me, that until now, it is a game widespread from nowhere in Italy. THE NAME As we know, even the correct spelling of the name is in dispute. The reason for writing Cassino is said to be a printing mistake in one of the early descriptions. The most probable origin is from the same Italian word casino, which entered the English vocabulary to mean “a pleasure-house”, “a public room used for social meetings” and finally “a public gambling-house”. So the name of the game would better be written Casino, as it was spelled in the earliest English descriptions (and also in German) towards the end of the 18th century. If the origin has to be considered − and assuming that information about further uses of Italian Casino is not needed − it may be noted that Italian Cassino does exist too: it is a word seldom used and its main meaning of ‘box-cart’ hardly has any relevance to our topic. -
Latin Derivatives Dictionary
Dedication: 3/15/05 I dedicate this collection to my friends Orville and Evelyn Brynelson and my parents George and Marion Greenwald. I especially thank James Steckel, Barbara Zbikowski, Gustavo Betancourt, and Joshua Ellis, colleagues and computer experts extraordinaire, for their invaluable assistance. Kathy Hart, MUHS librarian, was most helpful in suggesting sources. I further thank Gaylan DuBose, Ed Long, Hugh Himwich, Susan Schearer, Gardy Warren, and Kaye Warren for their encouragement and advice. My former students and now Classics professors Daniel Curley and Anthony Hollingsworth also deserve mention for their advice, assistance, and friendship. My student Michael Kocorowski encouraged and provoked me into beginning this dictionary. Certamen players Michael Fleisch, James Ruel, Jeff Tudor, and Ryan Thom were inspirations. Sue Smith provided advice. James Radtke, James Beaudoin, Richard Hallberg, Sylvester Kreilein, and James Wilkinson assisted with words from modern foreign languages. Without the advice of these and many others this dictionary could not have been compiled. Lastly I thank all my colleagues and students at Marquette University High School who have made my teaching career a joy. Basic sources: American College Dictionary (ACD) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (ODEE) Oxford English Dictionary (OCD) Webster’s International Dictionary (eds. 2, 3) (W2, W3) Liddell and Scott (LS) Lewis and Short (LS) Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD) Schaffer: Greek Derivative Dictionary, Latin Derivative Dictionary In addition many other sources were consulted; numerous etymology texts and readers were helpful. Zeno’s Word Frequency guide assisted in determining the relative importance of words. However, all judgments (and errors) are finally mine. -
A Heuristic Evaluation Function for Hand Strength Estimation in Gin Rummy
The Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21) A Heuristic Evaluation Function for Hand Strength Estimation in Gin Rummy Aqib Ahmed, Joshua Leppo, Michal Lesniewski, Riken Patel, Jonathan Perez, Jeremy J. Blum The Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg {aja6082, jzl6309, mkl5384, rkp8, jrp5717, jjb24}@psu.edu Abstract actions within an information set, where the weights are This paper describes a fast hand strength estimation model based on the likelihood that a node would be reached by an for the game of Gin Rummy. The algorithm is computation- opponent’s strategy (Hart and Mas-Colell 2000). ally inexpensive, and it incorporates not only cards in the A constraint for nodes within an information set is that player’s hand but also cards known to be in the opponent’s they have the same set of available actions. For a discard hand, cards in the discard pile, and the current game stage. This algorithm is used in conjunction with counterfactual re- decision in Gin Rummy, this constraint creates a challenge. gret (CFR) minimization to develop a gin rummy bot. CFR The discard decision requires the selection of 1 of 11 cards. strategies were developed for the knocking strategies. The Given the more than 60 billion 11-card hands, the explosion hand strength estimation algorithm was used to select a dis- in the number of information sets limits the ability to di- card that balances the goals of maximizing the utility of the rectly develop a CFR strategy for this decision point. player’s hand and minimizing the likelihood that a card will be useful to the opponent. -
Opponent Hand Estimation in the Game of Gin Rummy
The Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21) Opponent Hand Estimation in the Game of Gin Rummy Peter E. Francis, Hoang A. Just, Todd W. Neller Gettysburg College ffranpe02, justho01, [email protected] Abstract can make a difference in a game play strategy. We conclude In this article, we describe various approaches to oppo- with a demonstration of a simple deterministic application of nent hand estimation in the card game Gin Rummy. We our hand estimation that produces a statistically significant use an application of Bayes’ rule, as well as both sim- advantage for a player. ple and convolutional neural networks, to recognize pat- terns in simulated game play and predict the opponent’s Gin Rummy hand. We also present a new minimal-sized construction for using arrays to pre-populate hand representation im- Gin Rummy is one of the most popular 2-player card games ages. Finally, we define various metrics for evaluating played with a standard (a.k.a. French) 52-card deck. Ranks estimations, and evaluate the strengths of our different run from aces low to kings high. The object of the game is to estimations at different stages of the game. be the first player to score 100 or more points accumulated through the scoring of individual hands. Introduction The play of Gin Rummy, as with other games in the In this work, we focus on different computational strate- Rummy family, is to collect sets of cards called melds. gies to estimate the opponent’s hand in the card game Gin There are two types of melds: “sets” and “runs”.