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CBD Strategy and Action Plan

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CBD Strategy and Action Plan Annex National strategy and Action plan for biodiversity conservation 2014 – 2020 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AEWA African-Eurasian Migratory Water bird Agreement AFM Administration of Environment Fund AM Management Authority ANAR “Romanian Waters” National Authority ANCPI National Agency of Cadastre and Land Registration ANCS National Authority for Scientific Research ANV National Customs Authority AP Natural protected areas APL Local Public Administration APM County Agency for Environmental Protection AR Romanian Academy ARACIP Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Pre-university Education ARACIS Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education ARPM Regional Environmental Protection Agency ARBDD “Danube Delta” Biosphere Reserve Administration RB Biosphere Reserve CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCIR Romanian Chamber of Industry and Commerce CE European Commission CEPA Communication, Education and Public Awareness CHM Clearing-House Mechanism (information mechanism) CNCSIS National Council for Higher Education Scientific Research CSNR National Strategic Reference Framework EA Adequate Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ETP Potential Evapotranspiration EUROBATS Agreement on conservation of European bats FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FC Cohesion Funds FEADR European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development FEDR European Fund for Rural Development FM Environmental Fund FSE European Social Fund GEF Global Environmental Fund GNM National Environmental Fund ICAS Forest Research and Management Institute IMO International Maritime Organization INCDM “Grigore Antipa” National Maritime Research – Development Institute INMH National Meteorology and Hydrology Institute INS National Statistics Institute IPCC International Committee for Climate Changes IUCN International Unit for Conservation of Nature LIFE Financial Environmental Instrument of the European Commission 2 MADR Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MAE Ministry of External Affairs MAI Ministry of Administration and Interior MApN Ministry of National Defence MC Ministry of Culture MDRAP Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration ME Ministry of Economy MEN Ministry of National Education METT Analysis by the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool MFP Ministry of Public Finances MM Ministry of Environment MMGA Ministry of Environment and Water Management MMSC Ministry of Environment and Climate Changes MSI Ministry for Information Society MT Ministry of Transportation OI Intermediary Body ONU United Nations Organization OUG Government Emergency Ordinance OMM Global Meteorology Organization OMG Genetically Modified Organism ONG Non-governmental Organization PIB Gross Domestic Product PFI Intact Forest Landscape PN Natural or National Park PND National Development Plan PNDR National Programme for Rural Development POR Regional Operational Programme POP Fishing Operational Programme POS DRU Sectorial Operational Programme for Human Resources Development POS Mediu Sectorial Operational Programme Environment POS Transport Sectorial Operational Programme Transport PoWPA Programme of Work on Protected Areas of Convention of Biological Diversity RAPPAM Rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management RBDD Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve RNP National Forest Administration - Romsilva SCI Community interest sites SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SNPACB National strategy and Action plan for biodiversity conservation SPA Special Protection Areas UNDP/PNUD United Nation Development Program UNCDD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNCED United Nation Conference for Environment and Development UE European Union 3 4 Content Chapter 1 – Introduction 1.1. Biodiversity and importance of its conservation 1.2. Objectives and principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity 1.3. Policy and Strategy of the European Union on biodiversity conservation 1.4. National policy on biodiversity conservation 1.5. Strategies and action plans for Romanian biodiversity conservation Chapter 2 – Romanian biodiversity 2.1. Diversity of natural and semi-natural ecosystems and habitats 2.2. Diversity of species 2.3. Genetic diversity Chapter 3 – Direct threats on Romanian biodiversity 3.1 Conversion of lands 3.2 Infrastructure development 3.3 Extension and development of human settlements 3.4 Hydro-technical works 3.5 Over-exploitation of natural resources 3.6 Inadequate exploitation of non-renewable resources 3.7 Invasive species 3.8 Climate changes 3.9 Pollution Chapter 4 – National strategy of biodiversity conservation 4.1 Overview 4.2 Strategic objectives: A. Development of general legislative and institutional framework and ensuring financial resources B. Ensuring coherence and efficient management of the national network of natural protected areas C. Ensuring the favourable conservation state for protected species D. Sustainable use of biological diversity components General aspects D.1. Land development D.2. Forest management D.3. Wild species with economic value D.4. Agriculture D.5. Tourism D.6. Transport, energy and exploitation of non-renewable resources E. Ex-situ conservation F. Control of invasive species G. Access to genetic resources and fair distribution of benefits arising from the use of these resources 5 H. Support and promotion of knowledge, traditional practices and innovations I. Scientific research development and promotion of technology transfer J. Communication, education and public awareness Chapter 5 – National action plan for biodiversity conservation Chapter 6 – NBSAP implementation – responsible authorities, necessary financial resources and reporting indicators 6 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BIODIVERSITY AND IMPORTANCE OF ITS CONSERVATION The concept of biodiversity or biological diversity was defined for the first time in the context of adopting the new international environmental instrument, within UNCED Earth Summit from 1992 in Rio de Janeiro. This signifies life diversity on earth and involves four approach levels: diversity of ecosystems, species diversity, genetic diversity and ethno-cultural diversity. From conceptual point of view, biodiversity has intrinsic value, being also associated to it the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and esthetical values. Representing the primary condition of human civilization existence, biodiversity ensures the support system of life and socio-economic development. Stability, intra- and interspecific connections are found within natural and semi-natural ecosystems by which material, energetic and information exchanges are carried out, which ensure their productivity, adaptability and resilience. These interconnections are extremely complex, being difficult to estimate the importance of each species in the functioning of these systems and the potential consequences of reducing their numbers or disappearance, for ensuring long-term survival of ecological systems the main provider of resources on which the human development and welfare depend. Therefore, biodiversity conservation is essential for ensuring the survival of any life forms, including of humans. The economic value of biodiversity becomes obvious through the direct use of its components: natural non-renewable resources – fossil fuels, minerals and other similar ones and renewable natural resources – species of plants and animals used as food or for the production of energy or for the extraction of substances, such as those used in the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry. In the present, it cannot be said that all the species valences and the way in which they can be used or accessed in the future are known, thus the loss of any of them limits the opportunities of humankind development and efficient use of natural resources. It is equally important the role of biodiversity in ensuring the services provided by ecological systems, such as the regulation of pedoclimate conditions, water purification, reduction of effects of natural disasters and other similar ones. The costs of biodiversity loss or degradation are very hard to establish but the studies carried out until now at global level show that these are substantial and increasing. In the first report of the project on economic assessment of ecosystems and biodiversity at international level and published in 2008, it is estimated that the annual loss of 7 ecosystem services is the equivalent of EUR 50 billion and that until 2050 the accumulated losses with respect to welfare will rise to 7% of GDP 1. Although the direct value of biodiversity cannot be established, the economic value of goods and services provided by ecosystems was estimated between USD 16 – 54 trillion/year (Costanza et al. , 1997). The values were calculated taking into account the services provided by ecosystems: food production, raw materials, climate and air gas control, circuit of nutrients, of water, erosion control, soil formation and other similar ones. The average value of services provided by ecosystems – USD 35 trillion/year is almost double than the gross domestic product at global level, estimated in the same study at USD 18 trillion/year. Biodiversity plays an important role in the life of any society, being reflected in its culture and spirituality (folklore, art, architecture, literature, traditions and practices of using the lands and resources and other similar ones). The esthetical value of biodiversity is a fundamental human necessity, the natural and cultural landscapes being the basis for the
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