Edward Weston Edward Front Cover: Cecelia Rooney Front Cecelia Rooney “A Photographisthe Pause Buttononlife.” Ty Holland
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Group F.64: Pure Photography of the 21st Century Cecelia Rooney Master of Arts in Graphic Design Maryland Institute College of Art May 2021 Edward Weston Edward Front Cover: Cecelia Rooney Front Cecelia Rooney “A photograph is the pause button on life.” Ty Holland Cecelia Rooney Table of Contents 01 Introduction 02 Problem Definition 03 Research 04 Design Process 05 Final Products 06 Conclusions & Further Research 07 Works Cited 08 Acknowledgments Edward Weston Bill Cunningham Alma Lavenson Consuelo Kanaga Sonya Noskowiak Introduction “You don't have to sort of enhance reality. There is nothing stranger than truth.” Annie Leibovitz RaMell Ross Telling stories through the camera how they present themselves to the has become a passion. I love world. Gender, sexuality, ethnicity, finding the authentic moments of educational, socioeconomic, raw human experience through cultural, and so many other factors observation, recording reality in contribute to how one is identified. a way my eyes cannot. Whether These are represented in how through facial expression, we dress, wear our hair, speak, clothing, body positioning, or what we eat, or any other outward taking the subject in as a piece of symbol claiming our individuality. their surroundings, there are so Photography is the chance to capture many ways to tell their story. not only these symbols, but the environment that showcases and In my undergraduate studies at honors the pieces that join together St. Lawrence University, I studied to make up our jigsaw identities. Sociology. At the time I did not comprehend how this field would I share this to give context as to assist me in future, but it has given why I chose Group F.64 for a thesis me the ability to look at people project. I have been fascinated in a deeper sense. We experience with photography and how people others through their identity, in represent themselves, but how can 1 Introduction I find a deeper purpose there? I had never stopped to consider present our true selves to the world. I met with Tony Venne, Head that what I like could be valuable Popular apps like Face Tune and of Design at The Walters Art in and of itself. This got me the rise of Photoshop were created Museum in Baltimore, MD. At thinking. I began researching to bring major editing and image this point, I had been through photography exhibitions, finding manipulation to the masses solely 3 ideas and was struggling. He out about photographers who were to make images look better. How asked me a simple question; breaking the mold of photography can we see the truth in photography at the time, and eventually wound if every image is manipulated in up investigating Group F.64. post production? By revitalizing “What do this group, I hope to continue the Group F.64’s mission was to create conversation both on and off ine you like?” a space in the serious art world for for photographers and artists alike pure photography, meaning non to discuss the importance of truth manipulated images. In today’s in art. If photographs are used as world, we can be almost certain references and documentation, any image we see Online, in an how can they be pillars of truth advertisement, or on social media when it so often does not reflect has been edited in some way unless reality? I want to bring integrity explicitly stated. Today it is "brave" back to photography, and carry to not edit a photograph and on the work Group F.64 began. 2 “You don’t take a photograph, you make it.” Ansel Adams Renata Romeo Abstract Group F.64 began in 1932 as an elite Group F.64 brings the original photography group created on the mission into the 21st century by foundation of a shared photographic challenging its members to reject style; sharp, clear images. The digital manipulation of images to style was achieved using the f.64 create false reality in photography, setting on SLR cameras, a small specifi cally in social media. aperture that brought everything visible to the camera into focus, The new era of F.64 is split thus inspiring the group name. The into 3 categories: The Human group originated in opposition to Experience (portrait and street the pictorialist photography style photography), Making Statements popular at the time, one in which (photojournalism, documentary, the photographer manipulates the political statement photography), photo rather than just recording and Redefi ning Landscapes what is in fr ont of them. Group F.64 (moving beyond perfect nature aimed to prove photography as an art landscape to look at human habitat form, and photographers as artists as a landscape). Each section of rather than machine operators. the overall exhibit includes its own material and signage. The Future exploration for this group book, created for the exhibition, will be to create a digital presence refl ects the overall shift in and connect with social media. photography for Group F.64. 6 Introduction Ansel Adams Problem Defi nition “Photography can put a human face on a situation … It is a way to remember history and to try not to relive the mistakes of the past.” James Nachtwey Robert Cohen Problem Definition In the early 20th century, photography was After initial exhibitions at M. H. de Young not considered a high art form. Photographers Memorial Museum in San Francisco, CA in were closer to equipment operators than to the early 1930's, there was little activity with artists in the art world, and any photography the group. The work of this group was the that was considered art fell into the catalyst of photography becoming its own Pictorialist style, meaning the images were art form and honoring the camera’s ability highly manipulated, blurry, and closer to to capture life sharply and authentically. resembling paintings or an idealized view of However, what does this mean in the 21st the world. A group of like-minded “straight” century? Since Group F.64’s creation, photographers, meaning to capture the photography has become accessible to everyone world as it appears to the camera with little in our back pockets with a smart phone. Even to no manipulation, got together and created with this growth, social media and advertising Group F.64. In the words of a founding have continued to modify photography, member, Ansel Adams, Group F.64 was “an changing the integrity of the image and organization of serious photographers without altering reality. Apps like Face Tune, Snapchat, formal ritual of procedure, incorporation, and filters on Instagram encourage changing or any of the limiting restrictions of artistic one’s body and features to build a more secret societies, Salons, clubs or cliques.” desired outcome and display an altered reality Online. In an effort to combat this, bringing back the mission of Group F.64 would have a new purpose today. The pure photography mentality of capturing the world as we see it, and truth not needing to be changed gives Group F.64 a place in the modern world. 10 This project is not... A judgment or critique of photography that utilizes heavy digital manipulation A comment on social media. A biographical study of the founding members of Group F.64 in 1932. RaMell Ross 11 Antecedents Many modern day photographers pure photography in his project, continue to pursue pure photography Humans of New York. Stanton in the sense that photography created a Facebook page to post captures the truth of life. In the portraits of everyday people in 1930's it was uncommon to view New York City with a caption photographs of everyday life, not about the subject's story. Topics identifying day to day activities, as range from humorous to serious, a valuable subject of art. However, light hearted to heavy, or simple modern photographers continue to complex. He expresses the true to challenge what is considered human experience in his quantity art by finding the beautiful in of stories by not attempting to the mundane. Bill Cunningham dictate the subjects. Stanton's work practices pure photography in his finds beauty in all parts of life. focus on capturing the street life of New York City. His photos have become famous for observation of fashion as an art form off he runway. Brandon Stanton continues 12 Problem Definition Above: Bill Cunningham Left: Brandon Stanton posts on Facebook page, "Humans of New York" 13 Precedents Curating a photographic exhibition is a very physical process. However, I conducted this project in the midst of a global pandemic, so I had to fi nd photographs through digital archives. The International Center of Photography (ICP), Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), and The Metropolitan Museum of Art (The MET) were wonderful examples of digitally displaying photography. They utilized clean structures with little distraction to give the photos room to breathe and shine. I referred to these styles as I created the visual direction for a Group F.64 exhibition. 14 Problem Defi nition MoMA Online archive of past photography exhibitions. The MET Online exhibition of Group F.64 International Center of Photography (ICP) Online archive 15 Research “Actually, it’s nature itself that creates the most beautiful pictures, I’m only choosing the perspective.” Katja Michael Richard Choi Research A thesis project is the exploration of many sub- problems within one category. In this project, the sub- problems lead to new ideas that gave me my final concept. I went through a variety of concepts, but all were necessary to end up with reviving Group F.64. In a conversation with my professor recently, she shared that it was a challenge on whether or not to support the pivot within my project.