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Alexandria, with ital for nearly a thousand years, until world, both because it profited from a population of the Muslim conquest of in AD the easy overland connection between 4.1 million, is the 641 when a new capital was founded the Mediterranean Sea and the Red second-largest city at Fustat (Fustat was later absorbed Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyp- in Egypt, and is the country’s largest into Cairo). Alexandria was known be- tian cotton. seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt’s cause of its lighthouse (Pharos), one Historical monuments imports and exports. Alexandria is also of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient 1. Citadel of Qait Bey an important tourist resort. Alexandria World; its library (the largest library in 2. Cemetery of Mostafa Kamel extends about 32 km (20 mi) along the ancient world); and the Catacombs 3. Roman Catacombs the coast of the Mediterranean Sea of Kom el Shoqafa, one of the Seven 4. The Roman Cemetery Of Kom in north-central Egypt. It is home to Wonders of the Middle Ages. Ongoing el-Shouqafa the (the new maritime archaeology in the harbour 5. Pompey’s Pillar Library), It is an important industrial of Alexandria, which began in 1994, 6. Roman Theatre centre because of its natural gas and is revealing details of Alexandria both 7. Palace oil pipelines from Suez, another city in before the arrival of Alexander, when 8. Ras el-Tin Palace Egypt. a city named Rhacotis existed there, 9. Presidential Palace In ancient times, Alexandria was and during the Ptolemaic dynasty. 10. Alexandria National Museum one of the most famous cities in the From the late 19th century, it 11. Graeco-Roman Museum world. It was founded around a small became a major centre of the interna- 12. pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Alexan- tional shipping industry and one the 13. Bibliotheca Alexandrina der the Great. It remained Egypt’s cap- most important trading centres in the 14. Montazah Royal Gardens

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