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Revision of the Shrews of the American Genera Blarina and Notiosorex C

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Revision of the Shrews of the American Genera Blarina and Notiosorex C Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LIBRARY Book number b52N no. 10-13 1895-1897 500016 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF ORNITHOLOGY AND MAMMALOGY A - » U NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA No. lO Revision of the Shrews of the American Genera Blarina and Notiosorex C. HART MERRIAM The Long-tailed Shrews of the Eastern United States GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. Synopsis of the American Shrews of the Genus Sorex C. HART MERRIAM WASHINGTON aOVE]iNMENT PlilNTING OPFICE 1895 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF ORNITHOLOGY AND MAMMALOGY NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA ]N"o. lO [Actual date of iiublicatiou, December 31, 1895] Revision of tlie Shrews of tke American Genera Blarina and Notiosorex C. HART MERRIAM The Long-tailed Shrews of the Eastern United States GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. Synopsis of the American Shrews of the Genus Sorex C. HART MERRIAM WASHINGTON aOVERNMENT PKINTINa OFFICE 1895 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. JJ. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington ^ JD. 0., August 31, 1895. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewitli, for publication as IsTOc 10 of i^orth American Fauna, three pai^ers on Korth American Shrews, embracing results of investigations made by the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. Eespectfully, C. Hart Merriam, Chief of .Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. Hon. J. STERLiNa Morton, Secretary of Agriculture. 3 CONTENTS. Page. Kevision of tlie Shrews of the Americau genera Blarina and NoUosorex. By C. Hart Merriam 5 Tlie Loug-tailed Shrews of the Eastern United States. By Gerrit S. Miller, jr. 35 Kevision of the Americau Shrews of the genus Sorex. By C. Hart Merriam.. 57 Addendum 98 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. 1. Skulls of 5Z«riiifl caroliuensis, hrevicauda. parca. Horldaua, iropicalis, soricina, magna, and mexicana. 2. Jaws and teeth (enlarged) of Blarina hrevicauda and iehnalesies. 3. Jaws and teeth (enlarged) of Blarina caroJinensis, i^arva, and herlandieri and Kotiosorex crawfordi. i. Jaws and teeth (enlarged) of f^orex pi^rsonatus, and Jonrjirosiris. 5. Jaws and teeth (enlarged) of ;>o/e:c palustris, alhiharhis, araneus, ricliard>soni, • fiimeus. and hoyi. 6. Skulls of Sorex palustris, albibarhis, araneus, richardsoni, fnmeus, minntus, per- sonatus, longirostris, and hoiji. 7. Jaws and teeth (enlarged) of Sorex pacificus, macrodon, hairdi, troivdridgii, and 2)ersonatus. 8. Jaws and teeth (enlarged) Sorex dobsoni, vagrans, ornatns, oreopolus, and S. ieneUus nanus. 9. Jaws and teeth (enl.i ! li( <1 i of Sorex ricltardsoni, fumeus, prihilofensis, merriami, hoyi, longirostris, , ^nm ; ,is, Q.m\ dohsoni. 10. .Jaws and teeth (enlarged) of Sorex (Atopligrax) hendirii and Sorex (Xeosorex) palustris. 11. .Jaws and teeth (enlarged) of Sorex (Xeosorex) navigator, showing changes result- ing from wear. 12. Skulls of Sorex ( Atoplnjrax) hendirii palmeri, Sorex (Microsorex) hoiji, Sorex cali- fornicus, tenellus, merriami, and macrodon. 4 — No. 10. NOETH AMEEICAN FAUNA. December, 1895. REVISION OF THE SHREWS OF THE AMERICAN GENERA BLARINA AND NOTIOSOREX. By C. Hart Merriam. The Short-tailed Shrews of America belong to two genera Blarina Notiosorex. Of the former, 14 alleged species have been described and j of the latter, only 2. Eespecting the status and geographic ranges of these species much confusion exists. In order to obtain authentic information on these points the Department has made a special effort to secure large series of specimens, and has sent trained collectors to most of the original type localities of the forms that have been named. Moreover, one of the field naturalists of the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy, Mr. E. W. Nelson, while conducting biological explora- tions in Mexico, has obtained a number of new species. As a result, upward of 600 specimens of the United States species and more than 200 of the Mexican species are now before me.^ Either the original types, or duplicate types obtained from the original type localities, of all the United States and Mexican species have been examined. The conclusions derived from a study of this material are embodied in the present paper. Genus BLAEINA Gray, 1838. ^Q^^ 9orl0^ 18or20 • 1. ^ -n ,1-f 7 ^ . n ..TV. ^.r.. 6 ^ ~ Dental formula, ^' ' ~ —i? ^ ' ^ — — ' q 1 3 — — —12— 30 or 32. Teeth, 32 or unicuspids, 5 or 4. First and unicuspids 30 ; second large and subequal or second largest; third and fourth much smaller; fifth minute or absent; unicuspids (except minute posterior one) broad and bearing a secondary cusplet on inner side; all the teeth heavily tipped with dark chestnut, which usually reaches far down on the crowns. Cranium rather high and usually angular. E"o apparent external ears; tail short, always less than half the length of head and body; legs short; body usually stout and thickset (but more slender in the parva group). HISTOKY AND NOMENCLATUKE. For a long time the Short- tailed Shrews were included in the genus Sorex. They were first separated by Gray in 1838 under the name Blarina, proposed as a subgenus.^ Four years later (1842) Blarina was raised to full generic rank by Lesson,^ iln addition to the si^ecimeus in the l^epartment collection and my private col- lection, I have had the privilege of examining about 100 belonging to Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr. 2Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1837 (Jnne, 1838), 124. * ^Lesson, Nouv. Tableau Mammif., 1842, 89. 5 6 NOKril AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 10. Rainl in lv'>r)7 divided tlio iiciius HUo'lna in two sections, neeordiiigto tho nunibor of tootli; and Cones in 1877 reeoonized and nauied these sections as snbgeneia: liho ina proper, with 3l3 teetli, and Soriciseus, with .U). The reduction is in the unicnsi)ids, of Avliicli tliere are 5 in Iil(iri)U( proper, as in true iSore.v, and only 4 in /Sorieiscus.^ The lost tooth in the latter subjicnus is the second ])reniolar. So far as tlie Tnited States species i^o, the two i»'roups are well defined, the first eomprisinii- the lar.uer species with massive, augular skulls, the second the smaller species with relatively light, Sorex-like skulls. But in the ^lexican species these distinctions fail, tlie larger species having large, angular skulls, closely resembling tliat of the northern Blarlna hrevicanda. The first Short-tailed Shrews known to have fallen under the eye of a naturalist were two specimens secured by Mr. Say, naturalist of ^lajor Long's expedition to the Kocky Mountains, at Engineer Canton- ment in eastern Nebraska, a few miles north of the present site of Omaha. It is a singular coincidence that these two specimens became the types of tlie largest and smallest species of the g&nw^^ Blarina and later, of the two subgenera into which the genus was split. They were collected during the winter of 1 819-20, and were described by Mr. Say in 1823, the larger as Sorex hrevicaudus^ the smaller as Sorex parvus.^ It would have been far better if no others had been described from the United States, for excepting the S. caroUnensis of Bachman all the other names since i)roposed fall as synonyms under one or the other of Say's species. Specimens of the larger species {hrevicauda) from near Lake Simcoe, Ontario, were described by Gapper in 1830, under the name Sorex tal- poidcfi, ' which name has been used by some writers in the same sense as hrevicauda. Other specimens, from New Jersey, were described by Bachman in 1837, under the name Sorex delcayi.^ The same year (1837) Bachman described as new two additional species, caroUnensis and cin- ereus,^ both from South Carolina. Tiie latter is a very small animal and proves to be the same as S. xmrmis of Say. This was suspe(;ted by Bachman himself and also by Baird. Bachman's caroUnensis is a well- defined form, intermediate in size between hrevicauda and parva^ and restricted to the Austroriparian zone. In 1857 Baird recognized hrevicauda of Say, talpoides of Gapi^er, caro- Unensis and cinereus of Bachman, and added three others, which he named aiu/usHceps, exiUpes, and herlandieri!' B. angnsHccps (from Bur- lington, Vt.) is an abnormal individual of hrevicanda (skull small and 'But Soriciscus is antedated by Crypotis Pomel (1848), which was based on the same type species (c-inerea Hach. = j?arj;a Say). -Say, in Long's Exped. to tlie Rocky Mts., I, 1823, 164. ^Gapper, Zool. .Jour., V, 1830, 202, PI. VIII. < Bachman, .Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., VII, Part II, 1837, 377-381. ^Ibid, pp. .%fJ-370 and 37.3-376. «Baird, Mammals X. Am., 1857, 47-48, 51-54. im:., 1895.] SPEC IKS OF BLARINA. 7 deformed); B. exilipes (from Washington, Miss.) .seems to be identical witli B.imrra; wliile B. hedandlcri (from Matamoras, Mexico) is either a distinct species or a subspecies of jiarva. The status and relationships of Blarina parva have never been cor- rectly understood. As stated above the species was described by Say more than seventy years ago from a specimen from eastern Nebraska. In 1837 Bachman described a Shrew from South Carolina under the name ^orex cinereus. Fie had great difdculty in separating it from Say's aS'. parvus^ and ''felt at one time a strong inclination to set it down as that animal.'" In 1857 Baird admitted t:^. cinereus^ and cor- rectly transferred it from i^orex to Blarifia. But he took x)ains to state that he was unfamiliar with Sorex parvus of Say. Like Bachman, he suspected the identity of the two, for he says that parva "comes very close to the Sorex cinereus of Bachman, and may possibly some day supplant its name."^ In the same year (1857) Baird added another sup. posed species, which he called Blarina exilipes.^ The type specimens came from Washington, Miss.; and specimens from Spottsylvania County, Ya., Brownsville, Tenn.
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