Santa Cruz Spirituality By Paul Tutwiler Fourth Edition November, 2012 Copyright 2009 by Paul Tutwiler The content of this article is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the library’s intent to provide accurate information, however, it is not possible for the library to completely verify the accuracy of all information. If you believe that factual statements in a local history article are incorrect and can provide documentation, please contact the library. SANTA CRUZ SPIRITUALITY Fourth edition Copyright 2009 by Paul Tutwiler, Santa Cruz, California. Update of November, 2012 2 SANTA CRUZ SPIRITUALITY Fourth edition Copyright 2009 by Paul Tutwiler, Santa Cruz, California. Previous title: Santa Cruz California: History: Spirituality: Associations Update of November, 2012 For a pdf file of the work as a whole, suitable for printing Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/completetext.pdf. CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND METHOD OF THIS STUDY Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/intro.htm. Background of the project Sources of information Principles of organization Use of the list CHAPTER 2 ASSOCIATIONS Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/list.htm. Aids to the use of the list #1 Catholic and Episcopalian (Western liturgical family) #1.1 Roman Catholic Church: local assoc. founded before 1901 #1.2 Roman Catholic Church: local assoc. founded after 1900 #1.3 Recently founded Catholic separatist groups #1.4 Episcopalian #2 Eastern Orthodox (Eastern liturgical family) #3 Lutheran (Lutheran family) #3.1 Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) #3.2 Missouri Synod Lutheran #3.3 Various Lutheran #4 Presbyterian and Congregational (Reformed- Presbyterian family) #4.1 Presbyterian #4.2 United Church of Christ #4.3 Congregational #4.4 Reformed Church in the United States #5 Pietist-Methodist (Pietist-Methodist family) #5.1 Methodist 3 #5.2 Free Methodist #5.3 African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church #5.4 German Methodism #5.5 Scandinavian Pietism #6 Holiness (Holiness family) #6.1 Holiness Bands #6.2 Christian and Missionary Alliance #6.3 Church of God (Holiness rather than Pentecostal) #6.4 Church of the Nazarene #6.5 Salvation Army #6.6 Various Holiness #7 Pentecostal (Pentecostal family) #7.1 Various Pentecostal, no longer in existence #7.2 Assemblies of God #7.3 International Church of the Foursquare Gospel #7.4 Pentecostal-United #7.5 Pentecostal Holiness #7.6 Pentecostal Church of God of America #7.7 Various Pentecostal #8 European Free-Church (European Free-Church family) #8.1 Quaker #8.2 Mennonite Brethren #9 Baptist and Christian Church (Baptist family) #9.1 Various Baptist; no longer in existence #9.2 Southern Baptist Convention #9.3 American Baptist Churches U.S.A. #9.4 American Baptist Association #9.5 Conservative Baptist Association #9.6 Baptist: exist in 2010; affiliation not ascertained #9.7 Christian Church/Church of Christ #10 Independent Fundamentalist (Independent Fundamentalist family) #10.1 Calvary Chapel #10.2 Various Independent Fundamentalist #11 Adventist (Adventist family) #11.1 Advent Christian Church #11.2 Church of God (Adventist) #11.3 Seventh-Day Adventist #11.4 Jehovah’s Witnesses 4 #12 Liberal (Liberal family) #12.1 Unitarian Universalist #12.2 Transcendentalist #12.3 Various Liberal #13 Latter-day Saints (Latter-day Saints family) #13.1 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints #13.2 Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints #14 Communal (Communal family) #14.1 Ohlone People #14.2 Romani People #14.3 Communes founded before the 1960s #14.4 Hippie communes of the 1960s counterculture #14.5 Communes founded since the 1960s counterculture #15 Christian Science-Metaphysical (Christian Science-Metaphysical family) #15.1 Christian Science #15.2 Various Metaphysical #16 Spiritualist, Psychic, and New Age (Spiritualist, Psychic, and New Age family) #16.1 Classical American Spiritualism #16.2 American Spiritualist Recent in Origin #16.3 New Age #17 Ancient Wisdom (Ancient Wisdom family) #17.1 Theosophy #17.2 Anthroposophy #17.3 Various Ancient Wisdom #18 Nature Reverence (Nature Reverence family) #18.1 Shamanism #18.2 Neo-Pagan and Wiccan #19 Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern family) #19.1 Zoroastrian #19.2 Judaism #19.3 Islam #19.4 Baha'i #20 Eastern (Eastern family) #20.1 Hindu #20.2 Jain #20.3 Sikh #20.4 Buddhist #20.41 Miscellaneous Buddhist groups 5 #20.42 Japanese #20.43 Tibetan #20.44 Burmese #20.45 Vietnamese #20.5 Taoist/Confucian #20.6 Shinto #21 Other #21.1 Outside all categories #21.2 Generically Christian #21.3 No longer in existence; category not ascertained #21.4 Some organizations that have a spiritual base #21.5 Some oganizations that have a merely apparent spiritual base CHAPTER 3 TABLES Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/commentary.htm. CHAPTER 4 HISTORICAL SUMMARY Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/commentary.htm. CHAPTER 5 PARTICULARS Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/particulars.htm. Meaning of the term spirituality Evangelical and Fundamentalist Christianity Pentecostalism Spirit Fruit Society Ohlone people Mission period in Santa Cruz Romani people Classical American Spiritualism Kabbalah; divination and tarot; Western mystery schools South and East Asian spiritualities Popular practices based on South and East Asian cosmologies Christian Endeavor Societies Woman's Christian Temperance Union GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/bibliography.htm. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ASSOCIATIONS, GROUPINGS, AND ALTERNATE NAMES Go to http://www.santacruzspirituality.net/namelist.htm. 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The basic format of this book is electronic. It can be reached two ways, through www.santacruzspirituality.net or the Santa Cruz Public Libraries website. There are non-commercially printed copies in libraries that have particular use for it as a reference, and anyone can print a copy from the PDF of the whole. The Santa Cruz Public Libraries’ electronic version is identical in content, but has been adapted for the convenience of online users. Santa Cruz spirituality is listed in WorldCat; its OCLC number is 94531155; its Library of Congress classification is BL2527.C2; its Dewey Decimal classification is 200.0979. 7 Chapter 1. Background and method of this study The purpose of this study is to promote knowledge and understanding of the group spirituality expressed in associations that are or have been in Santa Cruz County. My intention is to distribute and make available for public and private use, for citation or quotation, the content of this work free of charge on the Internet. I understand this method of distribution to constitute publication as described in the second sentence of the terms set forth in the U. S. Copyright Office circular 01, Copyright Basics, "'Publication' is the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display constitutes publication." I ask only that this work be mentioned by those who cite it. One matter which I think the user of this study will find helpful here in the beginning is a working definition of spirituality. Let us, then, say that the spirituality of people includes the conviction that 1. there is more to the world they live in than what the eye sees, 2. they themselves can relate to the unseen aspects of it, 3. in so doing their own being is enhanced. Thus conceived, spirituality, no matter how diverse the forms it takes, is shared by all the groups listed below. The notion of spirituality is treated at length in Chapter 5 Particulars. 8 Background of the project This project owes its origin to Researchers Anonymous, a non-incorporated, non-codified group of Santa Cruz County people who care enough about local history to delve into it, share their findings with one another, and commit the findings to one or another permanent, retrievable form. The home of Researchers Anonymous is the Santa Cruz County Museum of Art and History. Retiring to Santa Cruz in 1996, my wife and I found ourselves to be captivated by local history, and we soon joined Researchers Anonymous. After gaining some experience in using local resources, I realized that I was in a position to make a special contribution because of my education and professional activities. Besides being a Catholic priest for 15 years I had earned the Ph.D in philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University of the Vatican City, and I had taught college level philosophy with a particular interest in ethics over a period of 35 years. Thus I suggested to Researchers Anonymous in 2002 that I could do the history of local spirituality. Noting that this has never been done, the group received the proposal enthusiastically and has given me nothing but encouragement and fruitful suggestions ever since. By the end of 2004 I had sufficient material to want to make it available to others and did so on a personal website and in a few copies distributed to libraries and historical museums. A year later I had so much new information that I put out a second, revised and amplified, edition in the same way. At the end of 2006, however, I had so much more material that I not only added it, but I rewrote large parts of the second edition and rearranged others to make the whole more user friendly. The third edition went out publicly on the Worldwide Web as a form of ebook. I wish to thank the Researchers Anonymous members who have been particularly helpful in one way or another: Amy Dunning, Ross Gibson, Rachel McKay, Bob Nelson, Frank and Jill Perry, Marion Pokriots, Phil Reader, Judith Steen, Stanley Stevens, Wayne Thalls. My deep gratitude also to the Santa Cruz Public Libraries for using this book at the reference desk, for cataloging it, and for including the present edition in their website.