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Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation
Technician Licensing Class Antennas, feedlines T9A - T9B Valid July 1, 2018 Through June 30, 2022 Developed by Bob Bytheway, K3DIO, and 1 updated to 2018 Question Pool by NQ4K for Sterling Park Amateur Radio Club T 9 A Topics •Antennas: • vertical and horizontal polarization; • concept of gain; • common portable and mobile antennas; • relationships between resonant length and frequency; • concept of dipole antennas 2 T 9 A • A beam antenna concentrates signals in one direction. T9A01 3 T 9 A • A type of antenna loading is inserting an inductor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it electrically longer. T9A02 4 T 9 A • A simple dipole mounted so that the conductor is parallel to the Earth’s surface is a horizontally polarized antenna. T9A03 • A disadvantage of the “rubber duck” antenna supplied with most handheld transceivers does not transmit or receive 5 as effectively as a full sized antenna. T9A04 T 9 A • To change a dipole antenna to make it resonant on a higher frequency, shorten it. T9A05 • The quad, Yagi, and dish antennas are directional antennas. T9A06 quad Yagi dish 6 T 9 A • A disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver, with its integral antenna, inside a vehicle is that signals might not propagate well due to the shielding effect of the vehicle. T9A07 • The approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wave vertical antenna for 146 MHz is 19”. T9A08 19” 7 T 9 A • The approximate length of a 6-meter, halfwave wire dipole antenna is 112 inches. T9A09 • The direction of radiation is strongest from a half-wave T9A10 dipole antenna in free space broadside to the antenna. -
Long-Wire Notes
Long-Wire Notes L. B. Cebik, W4RNL Published by antenneX Online Magazine http://www.antennex.com/ POB 72022 Corpus Christi, Texas 78472 USA Copyright 2006 by L. B. Cebik jointly with antenneX Online Magazine. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the author and publisher jointly. ISBN: 1-877992-77-1 Table of Contents Chapter Introduction to Long-Wire Technology.............................................5 1 Center-Fed and End-Fed Unterminated Long-Wire Antennas......19 2 Terminated End-Fed Long-Wire Directional Antennas..................57 3 V Arrays and Beams.....................................................................103 4 Rhombic Arrays and Beams.........................................................145 5 Rhombic Multiplicities ................................ ................................ ...187 Afterword: Should I or Shouldn't I.................................................233 Dedication This volume of studies of long-wire antennas is dedicated to the memory of Jean, who was my wife, my friend, my supporter, and my colleague. Her patience, understanding, and assistance gave me the confidence to retire early from academic life to undertake full-time the continuing development of my personal web site (http://www.cebik.com). The site is devoted to providing, as best I can, information of use to radio amateurs and others– both beginning and experienced–on various antenna and related topics. This volume grew out of that work–and hence, shows Jean's help at every step. Introduction to Long-Wire Technology Long wire antennas are very simple, economical, and effective directional antennas with many uses for transmitting and receiving waves in the MF (300 kHz-3 MHz) and HF (3-30 MHz) ranges. -
3.1Loop Antennas All Antennas Used Radiating Elements That Were Linear Conductors
SECX1029 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION UNIT III SPECIAL PURPOSE ANTENNAS PREPARED BY: MS.L.MAGTHELIN THERASE 3.1Loop Antennas All antennas used radiating elements that were linear conductors. It is also possible to make antennas from conductors formed into closed loops. Thereare two broad categories of loop antennas: 1. Small loops which contain no morethan 0.086λ wavelength,s of wire 2. Large loops, which contain approximately 1 wavelength of wire. Loop antennas have the same desirable characteristics as dipoles and monopoles in that they areinexpensive and simple to construct. Loop antennas come in a variety of shapes (circular,rectangular, elliptical, etc.) but the fundamental characteristics of the loop antenna radiationpattern (far field) are largely independent of the loop shape.Just as the electrical length of the dipoles and monopoles effect the efficiency of these antennas,the electrical size of the loop (circumference) determines the efficiency of the loop antenna.Loop antennas are usually classified as either electrically small or electrically large based on thecircumference of the loop. electrically small loop = circumference λ/10 electrically large loop - circumference λ The electrically small loop antenna is the dual antenna to the electrically short dipole antenna. That is, the far-field electric field of a small loop antenna isidentical to the far-field magnetic Page 1 of 17 SECX1029 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION UNIT III SPECIAL PURPOSE ANTENNAS PREPARED BY: MS.L.MAGTHELIN THERASE field of the short dipole antenna and the far-field magneticfield of a small loop antenna is identical to the far-field electric field of the short dipole antenna. -
Iii © ABDELRAHMAN ELSIR MOHAMED 2017
© ABDELRAHMAN ELSIR MOHAMED 2017 iii Dedication This humbled work is dedicated to My great lovely PARENTS who instilled in me the passion of learning and who were my first teachers in this life and the scarified everything for my sake My sisters who inspired and supported me forever My brother, Abdelraheem iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere and deep gratitude for my great respected Professor, Mohmmad Sharawi, for the intensive knowledge and extreme support that I had while working with him. Moreover, I would like to acknowledge the valuable comments of Dr. Sharif Iqbal and Dr. Hussein Attia as examiners for this thesis. Finally, I like to express my profound gratitude for my family: my parents, my brother and my sisters for supporting me throughout the entire process. I also would like to thank all my friends especially Mr. Hussein Abdellatif. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. V TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. VI LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ IX LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... XII ABSTRACT -
Table of Contents Welcome
EZNEC User Manual Table of Contents Welcome .......................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgement and Special Thanks: Jordan Russell and Inno Setup . 4 Acknowledgement: vbAcellerator Software............................................... 4 Acknowledgement: Info-Zip Software ....................................................... 4 Acknowledgement: Scintilla Software ....................................................... 4 A Few Words About Copy Protection ........................................................... 4 EZNEC and EZNEC+: .............................................................................. 4 EZNEC Pro: .............................................................................................. 5 Guarantee .................................................................................................... 5 Amateur or Professional? ............................................................................. 5 Notes For International Users....................................................................... 6 Getting Started ................................................................................................. 8 A Few Essentials ......................................................................................... -
Antenna Theory (Sc: 25C)
SUBCOURSE EDITION SS0131 A US ARMY SIGNAL CENTER AND FORT GORDON ANTENNA THEORY (SC: 25C) EDITION DATE: FEBRUARY 2005 ANTENNA THEORY Subcourse Number SS0131 EDITION A United States Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon Fort Gordon, Georgia 30905-5000 5 Credit Hours Edition Date: February 2005 SUBCOURSE OVERVIEW This subcourse is designed to teach the theory, characteristic, and capabilities of the various types of tactical combat net radio, high frequency, ultra high frequency, very high frequency, and field expedient antennas. The prerequisites for this subcourse is that you are a graduate of the Signal Office Basic Course or its equivalent. This subcourse reflects the doctrine which was current at the time it was prepared. In your own work situation, always refer to the latest official publications. Unless otherwise stated, the masculine gender of singular pronouns is used to refer to both men and women. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: Explain the basic antenna theory and operations of combat net radio, high frequency, ultra high frequency, very high frequency, and field expedient antennas. CONDITION: Given this subcourse. STANDARD: To demonstrate competency of this subcourse, you must achieve a minimum of 70 percent on the subcourse examination. i SS0131 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Subcourse Overview .................................................................................................................................... i Lesson 1: Antenna Principles and Characteristics ............................................................................ -
Antenna Catalog. Volume 3. Ship Antennas
UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER AD323191 CLASSIFICATION CHANGES TO: unclassified FROM: confidential LIMITATION CHANGES TO: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited FROM: Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agencies and their contractors; Administrative/Operational use; Oct 1960. Other requests shall be referred to Ari Force Cambridge Research Labs, Hansom AFB MA. AUTHORITY AFCRL Ltr, 13 Nov 1961.; AFCRL Ltr, 30 Oct 1974. THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED AD~ ~~~~~~O WIR1L_•_._,m,_, ANTENNA CATALOG Volume m UNCLASSIFIED SHIP ANTENN October 1960 Electronics Research Directorate AIR FORCE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LABORATORIES Can+rftc AT I9(6N4,4 101 by GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Engineering Experiment Station •o•log NOTIC 11ý4 Sadoqh amd P4is4,ej ww~aI~.. 1! d' ths, . 'to0 t,UL .. -+~~~~~-L#..-•...T... -w 0 I tdin #" "•: ..."- C UNCLASSIFIED AFCRC-TR-60-134(111) ANTENNA CATALOG Volume III SHIP ANTENNAS (Title UOwlnIied) October 1960 Appeoved: Mmurice W. Long, Electronics Division Submitteds A oed: Technical Information Section k Jeme,. L d, Directot Esis..ielng Expe•immnt Station Prepared by GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Engineering Experiment Station DOWNGRADED A-r 3 YEAR INTERVAIS. DECL~IFED AFTER 12 YEA&RS. DOD DIR 5200.10 UNC-LASSIFIED. , ~K-11. 574-1 ." TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 1 EQUIPMENT FUNCTION ................ .................. ... 3 ANTENNA TYPE . 7 ANTENNA DATA AB Antennas ......... ................. .............. ...................... ... 15 AN Antennas ............................ ...................................... -
Highlights of Antenna History
~~ IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE HlOHLlOHTS OF ANTENNA HISTORY JACK RAMSAY A look at the major events in the development of antennas. wires. Antenna systems similar to Edison’s were used by A. E. Dolbear in 1882 when he successfully and somewhat mysteriously succeeded in transmitting code and even speech to significant ranges, allegedly by groundconduction. NINETEENTH CENTURY WIRE ANTENNAS However, in one experiment he actually flew the first kite T is not surprising that wire antennas were inaugurated antenna.About the same time, the Irish professor, in 1842 by theinventor of wire telegraphy,Joseph C. F. Fitzgerald, calculated that a loop would radiate and that Henry, Professor’ of Natural Philosophy at Princeton, a capacitance connected to a resistor would radiate at VHF NJ. By “throwing a spark” to a circuit of wire in an (undoubtedly due to radiation from the wire connecting leads). Iupper room,Henry found that thecurrent received in a In Hertz launched,processed, and received radio 1887 H. parallel circuit in a cellar 30 ft below codd.magnetize needies. waves systematically. He used a balanced or dipole antenna With a vertical wire from his study to the roof of his house, he attachedto ’ an induction coilas a transmitter, and a detected lightning flashes 7-8 mi distant. Henry also sparked one-turn loop (rectangular) containing a sparkgap as a to a telegraph wire running from his laboratory to his house, receiver. He obtained “sympathetic resonance” by tuning the and magnetized needles in a coil attached to a parailel wire dipole with sliding spheres, and the loop by adding series 220 ft away. -
ATS-6 Final Engineering Performance Report
NASA ,-.:1NASA-RP-1080-VOL-5 Reference 19820008278 Publication 1080 _"_:-__'_,_:__, c_,_,_ t c_,_, r,', . _!,.,., .,,, ._, ;,,".:2,', J4"7;_r.-_: ',,,:z :_, ^, November 1981 ' " -........._'_' ATS-6 Final Engineering Performance Report Volume V - Propagation Experiments NI A NASA Reference Publication 1080 1981 ATS-6 Final Engineering Performance Report Volume V- Propagation.Experiments Robert O. Wales, Editor Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland NI A National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Branch An EngineeringEvaluation in Six Volumes Volume I: Programand System Summaries;Mechanical and Thermal Details Part A: Program Summary Part B: Mechanical Subsystems Part C: Thermal Control and Contamination Monitor Volume II: Orbit and Attitude Controls Part A: Attitude Control Part B: Pointing Experiments Part C: Spacecraft Propulsion Part D: Propulsion Experiment Volume III: Telecommunications and Power Part A: Communications Subsystem Part B: Electrical Power Subsystem Part C: Telemetry and Command Subsystem Part D: Data Relay Experiments Volume IV: Television Experiments Part A: The Department of Health, Education and WelfareSponsored Experiments Part B: Satellite Instructional TelevisionExperiment (India) Part C: Independent TelevisionExperiments Volume V: Propagation Experiments Part A: Experiments at 1550 MHz to 1650 MHz Part B: Experiments at 4 GHz to 6 GHz Part C: Experiments Above 10GHz Volume VI: Scientific Experiments This document makes use of international metric units according to the Syst_me International d'Unit_s (SI). In certain cases, utility requires the retention of other systems of units in addition to the SI units. The conven- tional units stated in parentheses following the computed SI equivalents are the basis of the measurements and calculations reported. -
Antenna Propagation 16Ec307
16EC307 ANTENNA PROPAGATION Hours Per Week : LTPC 31-4 Course Description and Objectives: This course offers fundamental knowledge of wave guides and antenna propagataion. The objective of this course is to make the student familiarize with parameters of antenna, different types of antennas and wave propagation. Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to: CO1: Analyze the parallel plate waveguide and rectangular waveguides. CO2: Understand the fundamental characteristics of antennas (gain, bandwidth, directivity etc)in order to compute a wireless communication link. CO3: Distinguish the characteristics of antenna such as radiation pattern, radiationefficiency, radiation intensity, antenna temperature. CO4: Analyzedifferent antenna arrays and patterns. CO5: Design the different antennas and properties. CO6: Discuss the mechanism of the atmospheric effects on radio wave propagation. SKILLS: ! Demonstrate the TE/ TM modes and identify the advantages of dominant mode. ! Identify the operating range of various standard wave guide sizes, and vice versa. ! Determine the dipole size for the given frequency range. ! Simulate multipath environment and measure the received signal strength. ! Draw the radiation patterns in various planes for uniform linear array (Broad side/endfire). ! Draw the radiation patterns of helical/ horn / aperture antennas. ! Determine the possible link distance for a given antenna height and vice versa. VFSTR UNIVERSITY 93 III Year II Semester UNIT - 1 L-9, T-5 ACTIVITIES: TRANSMISSION LINES AT HIGH FREQUENCIES: Parallel plate waveguides, Rectangular wave guides - Introduction, Application of Maxwell’s equations to the rectangular waveguide, TEmn & TMmn o Simulate modes in rectangular wave guides, Impossibility of TEM waves in wave guides, Attenuation of TE & different micro TM modes, Characteristic impedance of waveguides. -
Design and Development of a Miniaturized Coaxial Probe for Intracavitary Application of Hyperthermia at 434 Mhz
URSI AP-RASC 2019, New Delhi, India, 09 - 15 March 2019 Design and development of a miniaturized coaxial probe for intracavitary application of hyperthermia at 434 MHz Shabeeb Ahamed K P (1), Thomas Samuel Ram (2) and Kavitha Arunachalam(3) (1) Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (2) Department of Radiation Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore (3) Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Abstract selective power deposition [8]. Wire antenna has the largest length to diameter, L/D ratio which will enable it to become Biological rationale of hyperthermia is well established and a suitable candidate for forming array which is essential for is being clinically practiced. However, endocavitary and conformity of the dose distribution to the tumour shape. interstitial hyperthermia treatments, in spite of the Furthermore, very few endocavitary applicators are advantage of targeted heat delivery, are scarcely used reported with antenna cooling which is also essential for especially at 434 MHz. In this paper, we investigate a effective delivery of HT without charring the adjacent folded monopole antenna for endocavitary hyperthermia healthy tissues [9]. Applicators reported in literature are applicator development. Based on the numerical typically developed by modifying Foley catheters to simulations, a prototype applicator was fabricated by incorporate a radiating wire antenna for treating modifying 22 Fr Foley catheter. The return loss transurethral HT of prostate at 915MHz [10] and benign measurements of the fabricated applicator are in good prostate hyperplasia at 650 MHz [11]. Various types of agreement with the simulations. monopole, slot and spiral antennas have been analyzed at higher frequencies like 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz for Keywords: coaxial antenna, hyperthermia treatment, interstitial microwave ablation [12],[13]. -
Design a Prototype of Wireless Power Transmission System Using RF/Microwave and Performance Analysis of Implementation
IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2012 Design a Prototype of Wireless Power Transmission System Using RF/Microwave and Performance Analysis of Implementation Md M. Biswas, Member, IACSIT, Umama Zobayer, Md J. Hossain, Md Ashiquzzaman, and Md Saleh directive array configuration would have the potential of Abstract—A prototype of wireless power transmission (WPT) concentrated and directed microwave beam that can provide system has been designed in small scale which can be used to higher efficiency for longer distances. drive portable electronic devices. For power transmitting The objective of this work is to design a power purpose RF/microwave has been used. A detail discussion on transmission system through wireless medium in small scale transmitting and receiving antenna of WPT system has been presented. The step by step design method has been used in so that the power received from the receiver can be utilized to designing the entire system. Then, a simple practical approach drive portable electronic devices which require very low has been demonstrated. The detail performance on the practical power to operate. Practical difficulties to implement a implementation of wireless power transmission system has been prototype have also been analyzed. analyzed. The 4GHz designed system provides 2W receiving This research paper is organized as follows. A brief power when the transmitter sends 20W from a distance of 52m. description of transmitter parts of the WPT system and the The difficulties and limitations for implementing the designed model in the laboratory have been featured. Then, the ideas for required parameters to design transmitting antenna are overcoming the limitations also have been proposed.