DOCSLIB.ORG

In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Lychnophora Trichocarpha

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Lychnophora Trichocarpha 275 In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Lychnophora trichocarpha SAÚDE-GUIMARÃES, D.A.1*; RASLAN, D.S.2; OLIVEIRA, A.B.3 1Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LAPLAMED), Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Rua Costa Sena, 171, Centro, CEP: 354000-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil *[email protected] 2Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 3Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ABSTRACT: The sesquiterpene lactones lychnopholide and eremantholide C were isolated from Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. (Asteraceae), which is a plant species native to the Brazilian Savannah or Cerrado and popularly known as arnica. Sesquiterpene lactones are known to present a variety of biological activities including antitumor activity. The present paper reports on the evaluation of the in vitro antitumor activity of lychnopholide and eremantholide C, in the National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI, USA), against a panel of 52 human tumor cell lines of major human tumors derived from nine cancer types. Lychnopholide disclosed significant activity against 30 cell lines of seven cancer types with IC100 (total growth concentration inhibition) values between 0.41 µM and 2.82 µM. Eremantholide C showed significant activity against 30 cell lines of eight cancer types with IC100 values between 21.40 µM and 53.70 µM. Lychnopholide showed values of lethal concentration 50 % (LC50) for 30 human tumor cell lines between 0.72 and 10.00 µM, whereas eremantholide C presented values of LC50 for 21 human tumor cell lines between 52.50 and 91.20 µM. Lychnopholide showed an interesting profile of antitumor activity. The α-methylene-γ-lactone present in the structure of lychnopholide, besides two α,β- unsaturated carbonyl groups, might be responsible for the better activity and higher cytotoxicity of this compound in relation to eremantholide C. Keywords: Lychnopholide, eremantholide C, sesquiterpene lactones, Lychnophora trichocarpha, antitumor. RESUMO: Atividade antitumoral in vitro de lactonas sesquiterpenicas de Lychnophora. As lactonas sesquiterpênicas licnofolida e eremantolida C foram isoladas de Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. (Asteraceae), espécie vegetal nativa do cerrado brasileiro e popularmente conhecida por arnica brasileira. As lactonas sesquiterpênicas são conhecidas por apresentarem variadas atividades biológicas, incluindo atividade antitumoral. O presente artigo relata a avaliação da atividade antitumoral in vitro de licnofolida e eremantolida C frente a um painel de 52 linhagens de células tumorais, provenientes de tumores humanos referentes a nove principais tipos de câncer. Os testes foram conduzidos no National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI, USA). Licnofolida apresentou atividade significativa frente a 30 linhagens de células tumorais referentes a sete tipos de câncer, com valores de CI100 (concentração que inibe 100% do crescimento celular) entre 0,41 µM e 2,82 µM. Eremantolida C mostrou atividade significativa frente a 30 linhagens de células tumorais referentes a oito tipos de câncer, com valores de CI100 entre 21,40 µM e 53,70 µM. Licnofolida apresentou valores de concentração letal 50 % (CL50) para 30 linhagens de células tumorais humanas entre 0,72 e 10,00 µM, enquanto eremantolida C mostrou valores de CL50 para 21 linhagens entre 52,50 e 91,20 µM. Licnofolida apresentou um interessante perfil de atividade antitumoral. A presença na estrutura química da licnofolida de uma α-metileno-γ-lactona, além de dois grupos ésteres α,β-insaturados, podem ser responsáveis pela melhor atividade e maior citotoxicidade desta substância em relação à eremantolida C. Palavras-chave: Licnofolida, eremantolida C, lactonas sesquiterpênicas, Lychnophora trichocarpha, antitumoral. Recebido para publicação em 13/04/2012 Aceito para publicação em 07/01/2014 12_012 Rev. Bras. Pl. Med., Campinas, v.16, n.2, p.275-282, 2014. 276 INTRODUCTION Sesquiterpene lactones are natural products removed under reduced pressure to afford the occurring in many plant families, but most widely ethanol extract (900.0 g). The extract (900.0 g) was distributed within the Asteraceae (Bohlmann et al., submitted to column chromatography on silica gel 1980). These substances are known to present eluting with n-hexane, n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1), a variety of biological effects including antitumor ethyl acetate and methanol. The fraction eluted activity (Rodrigues et al., 1976). with hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1) presented, in TLC Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. (hexane:ethyl acetate 60:40; cerium sulfate), white (Asteraceae), popularly known as Brazilian arnica, spots characteristics of sesquiterpene lactones This is a bush native to Brazil. Ethanol extract of species fraction was submitted to column chromatography of this genus are used in Brazilian folk medicine to on silica gel and elution with n-hexane:ethyl acetate treat bruise, pain, rheumatism and inflammatory (80:20) afforded compound 1 (4.0 g, colorless solid, o diseases (Saúde et al., 1998). mp 128-129 C, ethanol). Elution with n-hexane:ethyl The sesquiterpene lactones lychnopholide acetate (70:30) yielded 2 (28.0 g, colorless solid, mp o (1) and eremantholide C (2) were isolated from 214-215 C, ethyl acetate). The compounds were L. trichocarpha and occur also in other species identified by NMR spectroscopy and by comparison of Asteraceae (Saúde et al., 1998; Bohlmann & with spectral literature data (Le Quesne et al. 1978; Jakupovic, 1990). We have previously reported Bohlmann et al., 1980; Vichnewiski et al., 1989; on the trypanocidal, antifungal and antibacterial Saúde et al., 1998; Saúde-Guimarães et al., 2007). activities of compounds 1 and 2 (Oliveira et al., Lychnopholide (1): 2’-metil-2’-butenoato 1996; Barrero et al., 2000; Saúde et al, 2002). de 2, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11a-octaidro-6,10-dimetil-3- Lychnopholide and eremantholide C were reported metileno-2,7-dioxo-6,9-epoxiciclodeca[b]-furan-4-ila to show anti-hyperuricemic activity and were also [3aR*, 4S*(z), 6R*, 10Z, 11aR*]]. -1 found to inhibit monosodium urate crystals-induced IR (KBr) nmáx. (cm ): 2900 (CH), 1770 (C=O, paw oedema in mice (de Souza et al., 2012). γ-lactone), 1710 (C=O, ketone), 1660 (C=C), 1590 Lychnopholide and eremantholide C were able (C=COR, furanone), 1450, 1370, 1350, 1300, 1270, to reduce the carrageenan-induced paw oedema 1230, 1140, 1100, 1040, 1030, 950, 920, 880, 850, + when ointment formulations were administered 820, 760. EIMS, m/z (rel. int.): 358 (M , C20H22O6, 5), topically to mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of 295 (2), 275 (M - COC4H7, 6), 258 (M - C4H7CO2H, lychnopholide seems to involve the inhibition of 2), 239 (2), 232 (10), 220 (5), 206 (5), 189 (5), 167 NO production and increase IL-10 production. The (10), 155 (5), 149 (34), 141 (5), 127 (7), 113 (12), 97 + 1 mechanism of the effect of eremantholide C on the (20), 85 (41), 83 (C4H7CO , 81), 71 (66), 57 (100). H δ reduction of carrageenan-induced paw oedema NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): 5,72 (s, H-2), 6.01-6.00 may be attributed to inhibition of TNF-α production (m, H-5), 5.31-5.29 (m, H-6), 3.73-3.71 (m, H-7), and stimulation of IL-10 production. Lychnopholide 4.52 (ddd, J = 2.0, 2.4, 12.0 Hz, H-8), 2.30 (dd, J increased production of TNF-α (Ferrari et al., 2013) = 2.0, 14.0 Hz, H-9a), 2.49 (dd, J = 12.0, 14.0 Hz, and showed potent cytotoxicity against HT-29 human H-9b), 6.21 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, H-13a), 5.44 (d, J = 2.8 colon cancer cells line besides exhibiting NFκB (p65) Hz, H-13b), 1.53 (s, H-14), 2.08 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, H-15), inhibitory activity (Ren et al., 2012). 6.10 (qq, J = 1.6, 7.2 Hz, H-3’), 1,88 (dq, J = 1.4, 7.3 13 In this paper, we report on the in vitro Hz, H-4’), 1.78 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, H-5’). C NMR (CDCl3, antitumor activity evaluation of sesquiterpene 75 MHz): δ 204.94 (C-1), 104.82 (C-2), 186.98 (C-3), lactones 1 and 2. 130.43 (C-4), 135.14 (C-5), 81.77 (C-6), 51.27 (C- 7), 73.08 (C-8), 44.12 (C-9), 89.78 (C-10), 133.84 (C-11), 168.98 (C-12), 124.35 (C-13), 20.78 (C-14), MATERIAL AND METHODS 20.41 (C-15), 167.16 (C-1’), 126.50 (C-2’), 140.80 (C-3’), 20.11 (C-4’), 15.78 (C-5’). Plant material Eremantholide C (2): 6,9-epoxi-2H-1,4- Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. was dioxaciclodeca [c,d] pentaleno-2,7(4aH)-dioxano, collected at Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in August, 2a, 3, 5, 6, 11a, 11b-hexaidro-3-hidroxi-2a, 6, 1991. A voucher specimen (N0 20635) is deposited 10-trimetil-3-(1’-metiletenil)-2aR*, 3S*, 4aR*, 6S*, at Herbarium of the Instituto de Ciências Exatas e 10Z, 11aS*, 11bS*). Biológicas, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. IR (KBr) ν máx. (cm-1): 3450 (OH), 2900 Preparation of plant extracts and 1 and (CH), 1770 (C=O, γ-lactone), 1700 (C=O, ketone), 2 isolation. The aerial parts of the plant (14.0 Kg) 1660 (C=C), 1590 (C=C-OR, furanone), 1450, 1370, were dried at room temperature, for 1 week, 1350, 1320, 1270, 1220, 1200, 1150, 1100, 1060, reduced to powder and extracted with ethanol, at 1040, 1000, 960, 920, 810, 730. EIMS, m/z (rel. + room temperature, for 1 week. The solvent was int.): 346 (M , C19H22O6, 9); 328 (M - H2O, 5), 302 Rev. Bras. Pl. Med., Campinas, v.16, n.2, p.275-282, 2014. 277 (M - CO2, 5), 277 (2), 260 (3), 245 (1), 234 (46), 219 fixed plates were then left to dry at room temperature (8), 206 (6), 189 (7), 175 (5), 165 (25), 149 (4), 135 for at least 24 h, after which the Sulforhodamine B (21), 122 (26), 111 (6), 95 (72), 77 (8), 69 (100).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Redalyc.Lychnophoric Acid from Lychnophora Pinaster: a Complete and Unequivocal Assignment by NMR Spectroscopy
    Eclética Química ISSN: 0100-4670 [email protected] Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Brasil Silveira, D.; de Souza Filho, J. D.; de Oliveira, A. B.; Raslan, D. S. Lychnophoric acid from Lychnophora pinaster: a complete and unequivocal assignment by NMR spectroscopy Eclética Química, vol. 30, núm. 1, janeiro-março, 2005, pp. 37-41 Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Araraquara, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42930105 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative www.scielo.br/eq Volume 30, número 1, 2005 Lychnophoric acid from Lychnophora pinaster: a complete and unequivocal assignment by NMR spectroscopy. D. Silveira 1*, J. D. de Souza Filho 2, A. B. de Oliveira 3, D. S. Raslan 2 1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, UnB Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil 2Departamento de Química, ICEx, UFMG. Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-010. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 3Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG . Av. Olegário Maciel, 2360, CEP 30180-112. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. *To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The investigation of the hexane extract from aerial parts of Lychnophora pinaster provided, besides others substances, the E-isomer of lychnophoric acid, a sesquiterpene derivative previously isolated from L. affinis. Keywords: Lychnophora pinaster; Asteraceae; lychnophoic acid. Introduction Experimental Plant species of the genus Lychnophora General (Asteraceae) are known as “candeia”, “arnica” and “arnica da serra” and are used in folk medicine Melting point was determined on a Mettler o as anti-flogistic, anti-rheumatic, and analgesic [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Consequences of Dioecy in Angiosperms: the Effects of Breeding System on Speciation and Extinction Rates
    EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY IN ANGIOSPERMS: THE EFFECTS OF BREEDING SYSTEM ON SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION RATES by JANA C. HEILBUTH B.Sc, Simon Fraser University, 1996 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2001 © Jana Heilbuth, 2001 Wednesday, April 25, 2001 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form Page: 1 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html ABSTRACT Dioecy, the breeding system with male and female function on separate individuals, may affect the ability of a lineage to avoid extinction or speciate. Dioecy is a rare breeding system among the angiosperms (approximately 6% of all flowering plants) while hermaphroditism (having male and female function present within each flower) is predominant. Dioecious angiosperms may be rare because the transitions to dioecy have been recent or because dioecious angiosperms experience decreased diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) compared to plants with other breeding systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Principales Especies Vegetales De La Flora Silvestre Y Bosque Plantado Comercializadas En Colombia
    SIEF Sistema de Informacion Estadistico Forestal PO 34/94 Rev. 1 (M) MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE PRINCIPALES ESPECIES VEGETALES DE LA FLORA SILVESTRE Y BOSQUE PLANTADO COMERCIALIZADAS EN COLOMBIA SANTAFE DE BOGOTA D.C., 1.999 SIEF Sistema de Informaci6n Estadistico I~restal IDB PD 34/94 Rev. 1 (M) MINISTERtO DEL ~lEDlO AMBIE\TE PRINCIPALES ESPECIES VEGETALES DE LA FLORA SILVESTRE Y BOSQUE PLANTADO COMERCIALIZADAS EN COLOMBIA SANTAFE DE BOC:;OTA D.C.~ 1.999 Mil1istro del Media Ambiente Juan Mayr Vic:eministro de Politica y Regulacion Luis Gaviria Vic:eministra de Coordinaci6n del SINA Claudia Martinez Directora Tecnica de Ecosistemas Angela Andrade Representante de la OIMT Jairo Castano Coordinador Nacional Proyecto SiEF Fermin Mada Sanabria Coordinador Forestal Proyecto SIEF Geovani MartInez Cortes Consultora Maria Eugenia Pach6n Calder6n Editores Fernim Macfa Sanabria Geovani Martinez Cortes CONTENIDO PRESENTACl6N FAMILlAS, NOMBRES CIENTIFICOS ACEPTADOS, NOMBRES CIENTIFICOS SINONIMOS Y NOMBRES COMUNES DE LAS PRINCIPALES ESPECIES VEGETALES DE LA FLORA SILVESTRE Y BOSQUE PLP\NTADO COMERCIALIZADAS EN COLOMBIA. ............................... Pag. 1-33 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS APENDICE DE FAMIUAS APENDICE DE GENEROS APENDICE DE NOMBRES CIENTiFICOS APENDICE DE NOMBRES CIENTIFICOS ACEPTADOS APENDICE DE NOMBRES CIENTIFICOS SINON/MOS APENDICE DE NOMBRES COMUNES APENDICE DE CORPORACIONES GLOSARIO DE TERMINOS ABREVIATURAS ABREVIATURAS DE ALGUNOS AUTORES PRESENTACION Es claro que el en manejo de toda informacion, la susceptibilidad y probabilidad de error siempre son significativas, especial mente si se trata del complejo lexico botanico. Par tai razon la informacion de las especies vegetales reportadas al Sistema de Informacion Estadistico Forestal (SIEF), por las diferentes instituciones ambientales regionales, ha sido sometida a una revision en cuanto a nomenclatura se refiere.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonality of Weather and Tree Phenology in a Tropical Evergreen Mountain Rain Forest
    Int J Biometeorol DOI 10.1007/s00484-006-0029-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE J. Bendix . J. Homeier . E. Cueva Ortiz . P. Emck . S. -W. Breckle . M. Richter . E. Beck Seasonality of weather and tree phenology in a tropical evergreen mountain rain forest Received: 8 October 2005 / Revised: 3 February 2006 / Accepted: 16 February 2006 # ISB 2006 Abstract Flowering and fruiting as phenological events of oscillation of precipitation and related cloudiness. As 12 tree species in an evergreen tropical mountain rain forest revealed by power spectrum analysis and Markov in southern Ecuador were examined over a period of 3– persistence, rainfall and minimum temperature appear to 4 years. Leaf shedding of two species was observed for be the only parameters with a periodicity free of long-term 12 months. Parallel to the phenological recordings, variations. The phenological events of most of the plant meteorological parameters were monitored in detail and species showed a similar periodicity of 8–12 months, related to the flowering and fruiting activity of the trees. In which followed the annual oscillation of relatively less and spite of the perhumid climate of that area, a high degree of more humid periods and thus was in phase or in counter- intra- and inter-specific synchronisation of phenological phase with the oscillations of the meteorological param- traits was apparent. With the exception of one species that eters. Periods of unusual cold or dryness, presumably flowered more or less continuously, two groups of trees resulting from underlying longer-term trends or oscillations could be observed, one of which flowered during the less (such as ENSO), affected the homogeneity of quasi-12- humid months (September to October) while the second month flowering events, fruit maturation and also the group started to initiate flowers towards the end of that production of germinable seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Phylogenetic Classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae)
    Benoît Francis Patrice Loeuille Towards a phylogenetic classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) São Paulo, 2011 Benoît Francis Patrice Loeuille Towards a phylogenetic classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Doutor em Ciências, na Área de Botânica. Orientador: José Rubens Pirani São Paulo, 2011 Loeuille, Benoît Towards a phylogenetic classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) Número de paginas: 432 Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. 1. Compositae 2. Sistemática 3. Filogenia I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. Comissão Julgadora: Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof. Dr. José Rubens Pirani Orientador To my grandfather, who made me discover the joy of the vegetal world. Chacun sa chimère Sous un grand ciel gris, dans une grande plaine poudreuse, sans chemins, sans gazon, sans un chardon, sans une ortie, je rencontrai plusieurs hommes qui marchaient courbés. Chacun d’eux portait sur son dos une énorme Chimère, aussi lourde qu’un sac de farine ou de charbon, ou le fourniment d’un fantassin romain. Mais la monstrueuse bête n’était pas un poids inerte; au contraire, elle enveloppait et opprimait l’homme de ses muscles élastiques et puissants; elle s’agrafait avec ses deux vastes griffes à la poitrine de sa monture et sa tête fabuleuse surmontait le front de l’homme, comme un de ces casques horribles par lesquels les anciens guerriers espéraient ajouter à la terreur de l’ennemi.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenies and Secondary Chemistry in Arnica (Asteraceae)
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 392 Phylogenies and Secondary Chemistry in Arnica (Asteraceae) CATARINA EKENÄS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 UPPSALA ISBN 978-91-554-7092-0 2008 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva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ist of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals: I Ekenäs, C., B. G. Baldwin, and K. Andreasen. 2007. A molecular phylogenetic
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptive Radiation, Correlated and Contingent Evolution, and Net Species Diversification in Bromeliaceae
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71 (2014) 55–78 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Adaptive radiation, correlated and contingent evolution, and net species diversification in Bromeliaceae Thomas J. Givnish a,*, Michael H.J. Barfuss b, Benjamin Van Ee c, Ricarda Riina d, Katharina Schulte e,f, Ralf Horres g, Philip A. Gonsiska a, Rachel S. Jabaily h, Darren M. Crayn f, J. Andrew C. Smith i, Klaus Winter j, Gregory K. Brown k, Timothy M. Evans l, Bruce K. Holst m, Harry Luther n, Walter Till b, Georg Zizka e, Paul E. Berry o, Kenneth J. Sytsma a a Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA b Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria c School of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD 57799, USA d Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid 28014, Spain e Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Research Institute Senckenberg and J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60325, Germany f Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia g GenXPro, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany h Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA i Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom j Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama k Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA l Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA m Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA n Gardens By The Bay, National Parks Board Headquarters, Singapore 259569, Singapore o Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: We present an integrative model predicting associations among epiphytism, the tank habit, entangling Received 22 May 2013 seeds, C3 vs.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Best Method for Active Forest Regeneration in the Cloud Forest Charlotte Startin SIT Graduate Institute - Study Abroad
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2015 Taking Root: An Analysis of the Best Method for Active Forest Regeneration in the Cloud Forest Charlotte Startin SIT Graduate Institute - Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Forest Biology Commons, and the Forest Management Commons Recommended Citation Startin, Charlotte, "Taking Root: An Analysis of the Best Method for Active Forest Regeneration in the Cloud Forest" (2015). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2130. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2130 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Taking Root: An Analysis of the Best Method for Active Forest Regeneration in the Cloud Forest Startin, Charlotte Academic Director: Silva, Xavier Supervising Academic Director: Robayo, Javier Advisor: Duarte, Nina Scripps College Environmental Science South America, Ecuador, Pichincha, Nanegalito Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Ecuador: Comparative Ecology and Conservation, SIT Study Abroad, Spring 2015 Abstract The cloud forest is a biodiversity hotspot and provides many vital ecological and economic services. Unfortunately, deforestation for pastures in the lower montane cloud forest is high. Many pastures become abandoned, leaving highly disturbed open areas of land where natural forest regeneration is poor. Human intervention to encourage ecological restoration is very important to re-establish the proper structure and functioning of the ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Forestry, Sustainable Cattle-Ranching and Landscape Restoration
    31 Integrating forestry, sustainable cattle-ranching and landscape restoration Z. Calle, E. Murgueitio and J. Chará alle Z. C A proposed new image of tropical he livestock sector occupies about cattle-ranching involves animals grazing This example of natural in a shaded and biologically diverse intensification can simultaneously 30 percent of the land surface of environment, surrounded by high- improve a farming system, our planet through grazing and quality edible biomass. These bulls generate environmental goods and Tfeed-crop production. It is a leading driver graze under a rain tree Albizia saman at the El Hatico Reserve, El Cerrito, services and facilitate the release of deforestation, land degradation, pollu- Valle del Cauca, Colombia of fragile, marginal and strategic tion, climate change, the sedimentation of areas for strict conservation. coastal areas and invasions by alien species the natural dynamics of tropical forest (FAO and LEAD, 2006). The link between ecosystems1 (Wassenaara et al., 2007). livestock production and deforestation is A paradox of cattle-ranching in Latin strongest in Latin America, where cattle- America is that, even though it is currently ranching activities have expanded, mostly at the expense of forests. A simplified form 1 In tropical forest ecosystems, most nutrients Zoraida Calle is Coordinator of Ecological of cattle-ranching based on grass mono- are locked in living plants, animals and Restoration, Enrique Murgueitio is Executive cultures has been practised for centuries microorganisms. Closed nutrient cycles are Director and Julián Chará is Research in Latin America. This type of system has promoted by a highly diverse vegetation with Coordinator at the Centro para la Investigación dense networks of fine roots and mycorrhizal en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción promoted environmental degradation and associations, coupled with efficient decom- Agropecuaria (CIPAV), Cali, Colombia.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolomics in Plant Taxonomy: the Arnica Model
    UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES OF RIBEIRÃO PRETO Metabolomics in plant taxonomy: The Arnica model Madeleine Ernst Corrected version of the master’s thesis presented to the Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences on 23/08/2013. The original version is available at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/USP. Ribeirão Preto 2013 i RESUMO ERNST, M. Metabolômica como ferramenta em taxonomia: O modelo em Arnica . 2013. 250f. Dissertação (Mestrado). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2013. Taxonomia vegetal é a ciência que trata da descrição, identificação, nomenclatura e classifi- cação de plantas. O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas que podem ser aplicadas nesta área de conhecimento é essencial para dar suporte às decisões relacionadas a conservação de hotspots de biodiversidade. Nesta dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvido um protocolo de metabolic fingerprinting utilizando MALDI-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spec- trometry) e subsequente análise multivariada utilizando scripts desenvolvidos para o pacote estatístico R. Foram classificadas, com base nos seus metabólitos detectados, 24 plantas de diferentes famílias vegetais, sendo todas elas coletadas em áreas da Savana Brasileira (Cerrado), que foi considerada um hotspot de biodiversidade. Metabolic fingerprinting compreende uma parte da Metabolômica, i.e., a ciência que objetiva analisar todos os metabólitos de um dado sistema (celula, tecído ou organismo) em uma dada condição. Comparada com outros méto- dos de estudo do metaboloma MALDI-MS apresenta a vantagem do rápido tempo de análise. A complexidade e importância da correta classificação taxonômica é ilustrada no exemplo do gênero Lychnophora, o qual teve diversas espécies incluídas neste estudo.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete List of Literature Cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler
    AppendixE Complete list of literature cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler Aa, A.J. van der 1859. Francq Van Berkhey (Johanes Le). Pp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States 194–201 in: Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, vol. 6. of America 100: 4649–4654. Van Brederode, Haarlem. Adams, K.L. & Wendel, J.F. 2005. Polyploidy and genome Abdel Aal, M., Bohlmann, F., Sarg, T., El-Domiaty, M. & evolution in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8: 135– Nordenstam, B. 1988. Oplopane derivatives from Acrisione 141. denticulata. Phytochemistry 27: 2599–2602. Adanson, M. 1757. Histoire naturelle du Sénégal. Bauche, Paris. Abegaz, B.M., Keige, A.W., Diaz, J.D. & Herz, W. 1994. Adanson, M. 1763. Familles des Plantes. Vincent, Paris. Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents of Vernonia spe- Adeboye, O.D., Ajayi, S.A., Baidu-Forson, J.J. & Opabode, cies from Ethiopia. Phytochemistry 37: 191–196. J.T. 2005. Seed constraint to cultivation and productivity of Abosi, A.O. & Raseroka, B.H. 2003. In vivo antimalarial ac- African indigenous leaf vegetables. African Journal of Bio tech- tivity of Vernonia amygdalina. British Journal of Biomedical Science nology 4: 1480–1484. 60: 89–91. Adylov, T.A. & Zuckerwanik, T.I. (eds.). 1993. Opredelitel Abrahamson, W.G., Blair, C.P., Eubanks, M.D. & More- rasteniy Srednei Azii, vol. 10. Conspectus fl orae Asiae Mediae, vol. head, S.A. 2003. Sequential radiation of unrelated organ- 10. Isdatelstvo Fan Respubliki Uzbekistan, Tashkent. isms: the gall fl y Eurosta solidaginis and the tumbling fl ower Afolayan, A.J. 2003. Extracts from the shoots of Arctotis arcto- beetle Mordellistena convicta.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Lychnophora Pinaster Mart
    Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 15(4): 294-297, Out./Dez. 2005 Received 02/23/05. Accepted 08/29/05 Biological activity of the aqueous extract of Lychnophora pinaster Mart. D. Silveira1*, H. Wagner2, E. Chiari3, J.A. Lombardi4, A.C. Assunção5, A.B. de Oliveira6, Artigo D.S. Raslan5 1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro. Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil, 2Center of Pharma-Research, Institute of Pharmacy, LM-University of Munich, Munich, D – 81377, Germany, 3Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6.627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 4Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Rio Claro, Av. 24-A 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil, 5Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 6Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil ABSTRACT: Lyophilized aqueous extract (LAE) from Lychnophora pinaster Mart (Asteraceae) aerial parts was evaluated in the search of possible biological activities. LAE exhibited trypanocidal activity (113.62 μg/mL), but could not inhibit 5-lipoxygenase in vitro (17% of inhibition). LAE chemical characterization by HPLC with UV-Diode Array Detector showed the presence of caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid, vitexin, isovitexin and quercetin, in comparison with authentic samples. Keywords: Lychnophora pinaster, trypanocidal activity, 5-lipoxygenase assay. INTRODUCTION L. passerina ethanol extract and isolated goyazensolide and L.
    [Show full text]