Cultura Medieşană Iv

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Cultura Medieşană Iv DIRECŢIA MUNICIPALĂ PENTRU CULTURĂ, SPORT, TURISM ŞI TINERET – MEDIAŞ CULTURA MEDIEŞANĂ IV MEDIAŞ – 2015 1 Consiliul ştiinţific Dr. Andeea Atanasiu-Croitoru – Muzeul Marinei Române din Constanţa Dr. Gherghina Boda – Muzeul Civilizaţiei Dacice şi Romane, Deva Dr. Mircea Buza – Institutul de Geografie al Academiei Române, Bucureşti Dr. Carmen Sofia Dragotă – Institutul de Geografie al Academiei Române, Bucureşti Dr. Mihaela Găvănescu – Colegiul Naţional „I.L. Caragiale”, Bucureşti; Academia de Ştiinţe Economice, Bucureşti Dr. Lavinia Gheorghe – Muzeul de Arheologie şi Istorie Naţională, Constanţa Dr. Florina Grecu – Facultatea de Geografie a Universităţii din Bucureşti Dr. Constantin Ittu – Muzeul Brukenthal din Sibiu Dr. Cătălina Mărculeţ – Institutul de Geografie al Academiei Române, Bucureşti Dr. Vasile Mărculeţ – Colegiul Tehnic „Mediensis” din Mediaş Dr. Sime Pirotici – Facultatea de Arhivistică a Academiei de Poliţie „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Bucureşti Dr. Enache Tuşa – Facultatea de Ştiinţe Politice a Universităţii „Ovidius” din Constanţa Dr. Oana Tutilă-Bărbat – Muzeul Civilizaţiei Dacice şi Romane, Deva Dr. Mihail Zahariade – Institutul de Arheologie „Vasile Pârvan” din Bucureşti Comitetul de redacţie Lucian Teodor Costea – director Dr. Vasile Mărculeţ – redactor şef – Colegiul Tehnic „Mediensis” din Mediaş Dr. Ioan Mărculeţ – redactor şef adjunct – Colegiul Naţional „I.L. Caragiale”, Bucureşti Delia Crişan – secretar de redeacţie – Colegiul Tehnic „Mediensis” din Mediaş Membri: Drd. Viorel Ştefu – Muzeul Municipal Mediaş Helmuth Julius Knall – Liceul Teoretic „St. L. Roth” din Mediaş Dr. Alexandru Bucur – Sibiu Dr. Dan Bodea – Colegiul Romano-Catolic, Bucureşti Traducerea rezumatelor Limba engleză: Angela Porime; Crina Sincu; Theodora Mărculeţ; Anca Vulcănescu Limba franceză: Justina Coliban; Elena Jampa Corespondenţa, schimburile de carte şi comenzile se vor trimite la: La correspondance, les échanges et toutes commandes seront envoyés au: The correspondence, the book exchange and the orders could be sent to: Direcţia pentru Cultură, Sport, Turism şi Tineret Piaţa Corneliu Coposu, nr. 3 551017, Mediaş jud. Sibiu, România [email protected] Editor: Direcţia Municipală pentru Cultură, Sport, Turism şi Tineret - Mediaş Număr publicat cu concursul Asociaţiei „Promediensis” din Mediaş. În cadrul prezentului număr, redacţia s-a limitat la a asigura forma materialelor publicate. În consecinţă, unele dintre ele au suferit o serie de modificări faţă de forma dată de autori, fără a se face nici cea mai mică intervenţie în conţinutul lor. Responsabilitatea pentru ideile exprimate, conţinutul şi acurateţea corecturii materialelor publicate revine exclusiv autorilor. ISSN 2285 – 4045 ISSN-L 2285 – 4045 2 NOTA EDITORULUI Anuarul Cultura Medieşană a ajuns la al patrulea număr. Din punctul nostru de vedere, două elemente definitorii, continuitatea şi creşterea înregistrată, de la număr la număr în cei trei ani, atât sub aspect cantitativ, cât, mai ales, calitativ, sunt dovada certă a interesului specialiştilor din diversele ramuri ale istoriei, științelor unmaniste și geografiei de a publica în paginile sale. Sperăm, de altfel, că pe viitor numărul acestora va creşte semnificativ. La fel și calitatea contribuțiilor cu care vor participa la realizarea anuarului. Asemenea numerelor anterioare, cel de faţă reuneşte între copertele sale o serie de studii realizate pe baza comunicărilor prezentate de autori în cadrul Sesiunii Naţionale de Comunicări Știinţifice organizată de Colegiul Tehnic „Mediensis” în parteneriat cu Direcţia Municipală pentru Cultură, Sport, Turism şi Tineret din cadrul Primăriei Municipiului Mediaş, în noiembrie 2014. În prezentul volum au fost incluse un număr de 19 studii. Concepută pe trei secţiuni – 1. Istorie, Arheologie şi Ştiinţe Politice; 2. Cultură şi Civilizaţie; 3. Geografie şi Ştiinţele Mediului –, structura anuarului o urmează întocmai pe cea a Sesiunii Naționale de Comunicări Știinţifice. Calitatea conţinutului său este asigurată de studiile realizate de specialişti în domeniile menționate din întreaga ţară. Asigurăm participanţii la sesiunea de comunicări, care sunt, implicit, şi potenţialii autori ai studiilor din anuar, că Direcţia Municipală pentru Cultură, Sport, Turism şi Tineret Mediaş va asigura, împreună cu partenerul său, Colegiul Tehnic „Mediensis” din Mediaş, cadrul optim de desfășurare a acesteia. Aceeaşi atenţie va fi acordată şi apariţiei, în continuare, a anuarului Cultura Medieşană. Lucian Teodor Costea Director DMCSTT - Mediaş 3 ISTORIE ARHEOLOGIE ŞTIINŢE POLITICE 4 DIN NOU DESPRE ARHIEPISCOPIA JUSTINIANA PRIMA ȘI JURISDICȚIA EI ASUPRA TERITORIILOR DE LA DUNĂREA DE JOS (SECOLELE VI-VII) Dr. Vasile Mărculeț Abstract. Again about Archbishopric Justiniana Prima and its Jurisdiction on the Territories at Lower Danube. On 16 April 535, Emperor Justinianus I set autocephalous Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima. The ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the new diocese extended over the territories north of the Danube in the west of the former Dacia, reconquered by the Roman-Byzantine Empire. On the right bank of the Lower Danube under its jurisdiction entered the former Dacia Ripensis dioceses. Which were these dioceses, they do not know. Cert is the jurisdiction over the Diocese of Aquae. Cuvinte cheie: Arhiepiscopia Justiniana Prima, Justinianus I, Dacia Ripensis, Episcopia de Aquae. Key words: Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima, Justinianus I, Dacia Ripensis, Diocese of Aquae. Un moment cu implicaţii majore asupra organizării şi evoluţiei unei părţi a Bisericii creştine de la Dunărea de Jos l-a reprezentat înfiinţarea Arhiepiscopiei Justiniana Prima de către împăratul Justinianus I. Constituirea noii eparhii din nord-vestul Peninsulei Balcanice, un act al voinţei imperiale de a legifera inclusiv în probleme religioase, poate fi privit ca o formă specifică de manifestare a cezaropapismului promovat de împărat. Organizarea Arhiepiscopiei Justiniana Prima. Actul de naştere al Arhiepiscopiei Justiniana Prima l-a reprezentat Novella XI din 16 aprilie 535. Conform respectivului decret imperial, la baza măsurii organizatorice a stat voinţa exclusivă a împăratului „de a ridica prin multe şi deosebite căi patria sa”, pe care din punct de vedere sacerdotal urmărea „s-o mărească cu cele mai înalte demnităţi”1. Titularul scaunului arhieresc urma să devină „nu numai mitropolit, ci şi arhiepiscop”2. Primul arhiereu al noii eparhii, în favoarea căruia a fost, de altfel, emisă Novella XI, a fost arhiepiscopul Catellianus3. Decizia imperială nu este una întâmplătoare, ştiut fiind faptul că în epoca analizată de noi rangul de arhiepiscop era superior celui de mitropolit. Ea avea menirea de a preciza clar poziţia superioară a arhiereului Justinienei Prima în cadrul Bisericii creştine4. Din aceleaşi considerente, noua eparhie bisericească era organizată ca arhiepiscopie autocefală. Titularul său urma să deţină „prerogativa şi toată libertatea de a împărţi autoritatea şi de a-i orândui” pe episcopii sufragani, precum şi dreptul de a se bucura de „cea dintâi cinstire, cea dintâi demnitate, cea mai înaltă funcţiune sacerdotală, cea mai înaltă treaptă” în provinciile aflate sub autoritatea sa5. Statutul arhiepiscopului de Justiniana Prima apare şi mai clar exprimat în Novella CXXXI, din 15 martie 545, emisă de Justinianus I în favoarea celui de-al doilea titular al scaunului arhiepiscopal, Benenatus sau Benetatus. Arhiereul, se precizează în actul imperial, urma „să aibă totdeauna sub propria jurisdicţie pe episcopii eparhiilor” subordonate6. Acesta, se arată în continuare în document, avea autoritatea să hirotonisească pe episcopii sufragani, el urmând „să fie hirotonisit de către propriul sinod”7. În ceea ce priveşte rangul său, „în eparhiile lui – se precizează în document – să aibă acelaşi rang cu Scaunul Apostolic al Romei”8. În scopul impunerii acestui statut, împăratul a cerut papei Agapetus I (535-536) să acorde eparhiei balcanice titlul de locţiitoare a scaunului roman, dar nu ca vicariat, ci ca înlocuitore pentru cazul de apelări la judecăţi şi rang onorific9. Suveranul pontif a evitat să răspundă cererii împăratului sperând ca în timpul călătoriei la Constantinopol să obţină subordonarea acesteia, demers în care nu a avut însă succes10. Cererea împăratului avea să fie satisfăcută însă de noul papă, Vigilius (536-555), favoritul împărărtesei Theodora11. 1 Corpus Iuris Civilis, Novella XI; Novel 11. 2 Corpus Iuris Civilis, Novella XI; Novel 11. 3 Corpus Iuris Civilis, Novella XI; Novel 11. 4 Pargoire 1923, p. 53-54; Munteanu 1962, p. 447. 5 Corpus Iuris Civilis, Novella XI; Novel 11. 6 Corpus Iuris Civilis, Novella CXXXI. 7 Corpus Iuris Civilis, Novella CXXXI. 8 Corpus Iuris Civilis, Novella CXXXI. 9 Munteanu 1962, p. 452; Băbuş 1987, p. 89. 10 Lupşa 1949, p. 829. 11 Lupşa 1949, p. 829. 5 Constituirea Justinienei Prima a avut şi o semnificativă însemnătate politică. În noul centru urban întemeiat de Justinianus a fost treansferată, de asemenea, şi reşedinţa Prefecturii Illyricum, aflată din 395 la Thessalonik. Jurisdicţia Arhiepiscopiei Justiniana Prima. Prin Novella XI, împăratul delimita clar aria de jurisdicţie ecleziastică a eparhiei nou formate. Conform deciziei imperiale, arhiepiscopul de Justiniana Prima urma să aibă sub jurisdicţia sa Bisericile din provinciile „Dacia Mediteraneea însăşi, Dacia Ripensis, Moesia Prima, Dardania, provincia Praevalitana, Macedonia Secunda şi partea din Pannonia Secunda, în care se află civitas Bicensis”12. Novella CXXXI din 545 confirma aria de jurisdicţie
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