THE PEREGRINE FUND

WORLD CENTER FOR OF PREY • 2005 ANNUAL REPORT •

Working to Conserve Birds of Prey in Nature THE PEREGRINE FUND STAFF THE PEREGRINE FUND • WORLD CENTER FOR BIRDS OF PREY The organization’s business-related activities are supported by Pat Burnham (Administrator), Cindy Thiel and Donna Daniels (Book- keepers), and Sherri Haley (Secretary/Receptionist). Linda Behrman is our Membership Director and manages our web site. Joell Brown coordinates our fund raising activities. Amy Siedenstrang is our art Board of Directors Update ...... 1 director. UNITED STATES Northern Restoration ...... 2 Linda Behrman Tim Hauck Cathie Nigro Sue Bello Michael Haynes Trish Nixon Roger Benefield Bill Heinrich Chris Parish Program ...... 4 Joell Brown Grainger Hunt Nick Piccono Joe Burke J. Peter Jenny Travis Rosenberry T. Halter Cunningham 1922-2005 ...... 6 Bill Burnham Leslie Jonart Cal Sandfort Kurt K. Burnham Paul Juergens Amy Siedenstrang The Archives of ...... 7 Pat Burnham Meagan Kaiser Cindy Thiel Jack Cafferty Lloyd Kiff Russell Thorstrom Student Education Program ...... 8 Emma Christensen Thom Lord Randy Townsend David Cline Michael Maglione Rick Watson Donna Daniels David McGraw David Wells Research Library ...... 8 Sam Davila Angel Montoya Eric Weis Cameron Ellis Amel Mustic Jim Willmarth Captive Breeding at the World Center for Birds of Prey ...... 9 Edward Feltes Brian Mutch Brian Gloshen Jenny Myers Archivist Education Program ...... 10 Sherri Haley Frank Nebenburgh S. Kent Carnie INTERNATIONAL STAFF Arctic Program ...... 12 Panama Tolojanahary R. A. Aracely Abrego Muhammad Asim Neotropical Raptor Conservation Program ...... 14 Andriamalala Eloy Aripio Faisal Farid Yves Rakotonirina Edwin Campbell Pan Raptor Conservation Program ...... 24 Andriamanarivo Calixto Conampia Pan Africa Adrien Batou Marta Curti Simon Thomsett Be Berthin Asia-Pacific Raptor Conservation Program ...... 30 Sean Davis Munir Virani Noël Augustin Bonhomme Omar Fernández Razafimahatratra Briceño Flaco Financials and Donors ...... 33 Christophe Próspero Gaitán Eloi (Lala) Fanameha Margarita Gordon Eugene Ladoany Noel Guerra Kalavah Rox Loukman Yanina Guevara Jules Mampiandra Kathia Herrera Moïse Edwin Jiménez Charles (Vola) Rabearivelo Magaly Linares Jeanneney Rabearivony José de Los Santos Berthine Rafarasoa López Norbert (Velo) Priscilla Maloney Rajaonarivelo Gabriel Jeannette Rajesy Minguizama Marius P. H. Rodolfo Mosquera Rakotondratsima Angel Muela Gaston Raoelison Julio Ovispo Bien Aimé Rasolonirina Rogelio Peña Gilbert Razafimanjato Bolívar Rodríguez Joseph Razafindrasolo Fidel Sabúgara Jacquot Martial (Lova) Saskia Santamaría Razanakoto José de Jesús Vargas Lily-Arison Rene de Roland Mark Watson Seing The Sam Gilbert Tohaky

©2006 Edited by Bill Burnham and Pat Burnham. Jack Cafferty, Photo Editor. Design ©2006 by Amy Siedenstrang. Thanks to Robert Bateman and Mill Pond Press, Inc. for cover artwork. Production costs donated by members of the Board of Directors of The Peregrine Fund. trong leadership is critical to an organization’s success, and The SPeregrine Fund’s Board of Directors has continued to provide this leadership since the organization began in 1970. During the fall 2005 meeting of the Board of Directors, Ian Newton, former Vice Chairman, was elected as the new Chairman of the Board. The organization is for- tunate to have had six Chairmen of the Board all with strong enthusiasm and desire to help the organization continue to succeed and Ian Newton will no doubt continue this tradition in his new role. OARD OF DIRECTORS UPDATE Outgoing Chairman of the Board Paxson H. Offield is to be com- Kurt K. Burnham Kurt B mended on his three-year term and devotion to his leadership role dur- ing this time. Mr. Offield was always there to lend a helping hand and help out with whatever was needed and the organization is indebted for his dedication and kindness. Like all the previous Chairmen, Paxson Offield definitely left a lasting impression on The Peregrine Fund. Ian Newton has played an integral role with the organization’s Board of Directors since 1988. His background includes D.Phil. and D.Sc. degrees from Oxford University, and numerous academic and civil awards. He has written several books and more than 300 scientific papers on birds, and performed research on raptors, finches, and water- fowl. He is the former President of the British Ornithologists’ Union, former President of the British Ecological Society, Honorary Fellow of the American Ornithologists’ Union, and is currently the Chairman of the Council for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in the United Kingdom.

Kurt K. Burnham Elected as the new Vice Chairman of the Board was Lee M. Bass, with Ian Newton (above) has worked with numerous species of birds from temperate environments to the Arctic. Karen J. Hixon continuing as Treasurer and D. James Nelson fulfilling Below, he and Bill Burnham survey cliffs in Northwest Greenland. the role of Secretary. The organization would not be where it is today without the support and direction of all our members of the Board of Directors and we thank them for their dedication.

1 NORTHERN APLOMADO FALCON RESTORATION The Northern Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis South and are now concentrating all of our septentrionalis) once occupied a significant portion release efforts in West Texas. Our overall success rate of the American Southwest. Often hunting coopera- for this year resulted in 116 (84%) falcons success- tively as a pair, this strikingly beautiful falcon feeds fully reaching independence. A total of 1,142 cap- on medium-sized birds, insects, and bats. Prior to tive-bred falcons have now been released in Texas, the 1930s this species was regarded as fairly com- and during the previous five years 357 of 538 (66%) mon throughout the humid coastal savannas of falcons released became independent. Texas and Taumalipas, Mexico, and the more xeric Mortality factors after release remained much the interior grasslands. Over 100 egg sets were collected same as in previous years. This included premature in southern Texas between 1888 and 1915 which dispersal and predation by Great Horned Owls and serves as an indication coyotes. We did not experience the predation prob- GOAL of how common this lem encountered last year with the immature Establish a self-sustaining species once was. . Peregrine Falcons were present Populations of the again this year but the Aplomado Falcons were older population of Aplomado Northern Aplomado and more agile when the Peregrines were present. Falcons in the south- Falcon began to decline We did, however, have problems with Northern western United States during the first half of Harriers harassing the young falcons, causing them and northern New the Twentieth Century. to disperse prematurely. The presence of Northern Mexico through captive Prior to reintroduction Harriers in West Texas at this time of year was rather propagation, release, and efforts in Texas, the last unusual and was perhaps the result of the uncharac- known breeding of this teristically high rodent population. management with the species within the Monitoring the Developing Population in ultimate goal of removing United States occurred South Texas—In 1995, biologists recorded the first this species from the near Deming, New pair of Aplomado Falcons to breed in Texas in more Endangered Species List. Mexico, in 1952. After than half a century. These birds were captive-bred this time, no Aplo- young released by The Peregrine Fund. For the 2005 mado Falcon population was known to exist in the season, this population had increased to at least 44 U.S. until breeding pairs became established in pairs. We are confident that more pairs would have 1995 as a result of reintroduction efforts. been located had we been able to expand our search The Northern Aplomado Falcon is the last falcon area outside of the Matagorda and Laguna Atascosa species on the Endangered Species List. National Wildlife Refuges. Unfortunately, this was  not possible due to time and personnel constraints. RESULTS The continued increase in nesting success This season 140 young were produced from 36 observed in falcons provided with artificial nest Bruce D. Taubert Bruce Recently fledged wild Aplomado Falcon in South Texas. pairs of falcons. Two young were held back to aug- structures encouraged us to put up additional struc- ment the captive breeding population in Boise, Idaho, tures prior to this year’s nesting season. Even more now totaling 46 pairs. The current number of pairs significant is the 88% annual survival rate that we will allow us to continue releasing between 100 and have recorded in the adult breeding population. 140 falcons per year. The question is often asked why we have not A total of 138 Aplomado Falcons were released at found more pairs when over 1,000 falcons have been six sites on private ranches in the trans-Pecos region released. The answer is natural attrition. In the best in Texas during the 2005 field season. For the first of circumstances, with natural parents to protect time in over a decade, we did not release falcons in and guide their fledglings, raptors typically lose 65% 2 STAFF Director, Peter Jenny; Coordina- tor, Bill Heinrich; Captive Breed- ing, Cal Sandfort, Emma Chris- tensen, and Travis Rosenberry; Field, Brian Mutch, Angel Mon- toya, Paul Juergens, and Erin Gott; and Senior Scientist, Grainger Hunt. HACK SITE ATTENDANTS Keely Arnold, Therese Catanach, Left: Artificial nest struc- John Coffman, Megan Connor, tures help reduce mor- Melanie Fischer, Amanda Gladics, Sarah Goodwin, Dayna Hawes, tality caused by raccoons Justin Jones, Sam Joyce, Christina and other predators. Kleberg, Ashley Linscott, Christo- pher McClure, Chasidy Simplot, and Matthew Stuber. Right: Paul Juergens COOPERATORS records data about the We cooperate with the U.S. Fish size and health of a and Wildlife Service, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Bill Heinrich Bill Heinrich young Aplomado falcon. T & E, Inc., the Secretaria De Medio Ambiente Recursos Natu- of their numbers before reaching one year of age. in South Texas, our biologists placed five barred in an attempt to better assess the true population rales Y Pesca (SEMARNAP), Uni- versidad Autonoma de Chi- These survivors have endured nature’s highly selec- nest structures in each of the study areas. None of size in this area. Additional barred nest structures huahua and private land tive process. In addition, we are certain that more these structures were occupied during the 2005 will be placed in both South and West Texas where owners— Miller Ranch of Valen- tine, Texas, Means Ranch of Van pairs exist than have been observed, and a primary breeding season, and the effectiveness of this man- falcons are observed. Horn, Texas, McKnight Ranch of goal this coming year is to increase our survey agement tool, so successful in South Texas, is still We continue to work with the states of New Marathon, Texas, Baeza Ranch of effort to better assess the total population. being evaluated for the Chihuahuan Desert Region. Mexico and Arizona, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Van Horn, Texas, Rancho Del Cielo of Kent, Texas, and the Considering the high mortality rate and the vast The Peregrine Fund again sponsored studies which Service (USFWS), and federal land agencies to Faskin Ranch of Sul Ross Univer- landscape, a known population of 44 pairs bodes monitored grassland prey populations at both develop a 10(j) “nonessential experimental popula- sity of Sierra Blanca, Texas. Pathology is done by Bruce Ride- well for the success of this program and is, if any- study sites and installed 10 additional escape ramps tion” designation to facilitate the recovery of the out of the San Diego Zoo. thing, better than could have been expected. in stock water tanks located near falcon territories. Aplomado Falcon in New Mexico. A draft 10(j) has Providing essential financial Monitoring Remnant Populations in This brings the total number of escape ramps in been reviewed by the regional USFWS Solicitor’s and/or logistical support were Mexico—We continue to monitor a small popula- operation to 30. Since we first installed the escape Office in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and in AA Enterprises/Gayle Allen, the Lee and Ramona Bass Founda- tion of Aplomado Falcons in the Mexican state of ramps, no falcons have drowned in equipped tanks. Washington, DC. The proposed 10(j) was published tion, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Chihuahua. Since 1996 we have monitored 220 Federal/State and Private Land Owner in the Federal Register in February 2005, and the Private Stewardship Program, Ruth O’Donnell Mutch, Robert J. and nesting attempts. This season we located 20 occu- Programs—In 2005 an additional 255,362 acres mandatory public comment period ended on Helen C. Kleberg Foundation, pied territories in the Tinaja Verde and Sueco study were enrolled in the Aplomado Falcon Safe Harbor 15 November 2005. The USFWS should make its National Fish and Wildlife Founda- tion, The Meadows Foundation, areas. These pairs produced 1.40 young per occu- program. Over 1.8 million acres are now enrolled in decision early in 2006; therefore, within the next Turner Foundation, Inc., Edward pied territory, an increase from last year’s observed the program in both South and West Texas. This is year we hope to begin releasing Aplomado Falcons W. Rose III Family Fund of The productivity of 1.06. This population appears to be 604 acres larger than the state of Delaware. Because in New Mexico. Dallas Foundation, Grasslans Charitable Foundation, ExxonMo- declining, most likely as a result of the continuing of the success experienced in South Texas in Publications—J.O. Brown, et al., had a paper bil Foundation, Tim and Karen drought; however, in the summer of 2004, ample reestablishing nesting pairs, release efforts are now entitled “Wild Reared Aplomado Falcons Survive Hixon and The Tim and Karen Hixon Foundation, The Timken rains occurred throughout the study area. The being concentrated in West Texas. We will be work- and Re-nest at Higher Rates than Hacked Falcons Family Charitable Trust, Peter increase in productivity observed in the falcon pop- ing with more landowners in order to incorporate in a Common Environment” accepted for publica- Davidson, Burlington Resources, ulation illustrates how quickly these falcons can additional release sites and nesting habitat into the tion by Biological Conservation. A book published Magnolia Charitable Trust, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, respond to such beneficial factors as rainfall and the Aplomado Falcon Safe Harbor program. by Island Press entitled The Endangered Species Act The Tapeats Fund, Joan and Herb subsequent increase in the falcons’ prey base. As a The wild population in South Texas will continue at Thirty has a section on the Aplomado Falcon Kelleher Foundation, Norcross Wildlife Foundation, and The result of the success of our artificial nest structures to be monitored and survey efforts will be increased recovery in chapter 19. Sophie Seeligson Bass Foundation. 3 CALIFORNIA CONDOR PROGRAM

The California GOAL vulnerable roosts to Condor is returning to Establish self-sustaining safer ones, thereby the canyon country of wild populations of ensuring protection northern Arizona and from nocturnal encoun- southern Utah where a California Condors ters with coyotes. world of cliffs and through captive prop- Similar hazing has also updrafts offer home agation, release, and helped to condition con- once again to this large, management, with the dors to avoid humans colorful, soaring scav- ultimate goal of and man-made struc- enger. In the 1980s, its removing the species tures. This, together extinction seemed immi- with the gradual matu- nent when all remaining from the Endangered ration of the wild flock, wild individuals were Species List. has contributed to captured in southern increased avoidance. California and held for Most importantly, experience has brought an under- the purpose of rebuild- standing of mortality sources and ways to reduce ing the population by their impact. Highest on the list of harmful agents is captive propagation. The lead poisoning. Peregrine Fund created Releases in 2005 began with the February/March its condor breeding facil- liberation of eight birds, followed in subsequent

Chris Parish ity in Boise, Idaho, in the months with the release of six more. Three of these early 1990s and began releasing birds in Arizona in condors were brought from California because of 1996 with the ultimate goal of establishing a self- their habit of perching on power poles. sustaining wild population and thereby hastening Translocation broke that pattern of risky behavior, the condor’s removal from the Endangered Species and they have since shown no inclination toward it. List. In the nine years since the first released condors One fatality occurred among the 2005 releases; began their explorations, the growing wild popula- necropsy revealed no findings other than poor body tion has evolved traditions of regional movement condition. By the close of 2005, there were 59 free- and foraging. Wild reproduction began in the Grand ranging condors in the Arizona/Utah population Canyon in 2003. and nine awaiting release. The captive-breeding  facility in Boise produced 20 young condors in 2005, RESULTS 14 of which were intended for release in Arizona. The advantages of experience have accrued both Seven were transferred to Arizona in December, and within the condor population and among the biolo- the remainder will be brought to Arizona in 2006.

Bill Heinrich gists who work toward its eventual independence. Five were given to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Spectators anxiously await the release of California Condors The techniques of propagation and rearing have for release in California. near the Vermilion Cliffs in Arizona. been refined at our Boise facility to yield high rates The condor flock ranged during 2005 from the of hatching and chick survival. Time and experience South Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park to have increased the production of birds hatched and the Kolob region of southern Utah. As in the past, reared by their captive parents and have resulted in all condors were equipped with telemetry transmit- better adjustment to life in the wild. Field crews ters, and trackers monitored the whereabouts of have learned to haze newly-released youngsters from their carriers by means of ground-based VHF 4 STAFF Director/Coordinator, Bill Heinrich; Captive Breed- telemetry receivers. Radio-tracking often involved has produced evidence as to the sources of lead ing, Randy Townsend unexpected travel. As condors moved easily on the exposure, and these, in turn, have suggested the test- assisted by Meagan winds from one region to another, their trackers ing and treatment, when indicated, of condors Kaiser, Joe Burke, and Jenny Myers; Release, moved less efficiently on available roads. Such diffi- returning to the release site. Analyses during 2005 Chris Parish and Thom culty has been overcome with the use of satellite- revealed close relationships between condor blood- Lord; Research, Grainger Hunt; Research Associ- reporting GPS transmitters that communicate the lead levels and visits to particular areas, and has ates, Kurt Burnham and routes and latest positions of condors via the inter- identified rifle-killed deer as the primary source of Brian Mutch; Field Assis- tance, Roger Benefield, net every evening. Tracking by both methods, lead exposure to the population. Edward Feltes, Tim enhanced by frequent cell phone communication Peregrine Fund biologists presented three scien- Hauck, Michael between trackers, has yielded an unbroken record of tific papers at the annual meeting of the American Maglione, David McGraw, Frank Neben- condor movement and activity throughout the year. Ornithologist’s Union during late August in Santa burgh, Eric Weis, and This information, together with direct observation Barbara, California, and all are scheduled for publi- Jim Willmarth. of condor behavior, is revealing the true nature of cation during 2006. Chris Woods summarized data COOPERATORS this species in the wild. on mortality factors, concluding that lead poisoning The historic Arizona rein- In general, condor movements have been far was the primary cause of death among free-ranging troduction is a joint proj- ect among The Pere- more expansive in the past two winters than in pre- condors in Arizona. Overall survival rates were grine Fund, the Bureau vious winters when the birds seemed more closely nonetheless within the expected range for a healthy of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife tied to the food subsidy at the release site. We attrib- population, a result attributed to intensive lead Chris Parish Service, National Park ute the greater winter movement partly to mild monitoring and management. Chris Parish then California Condors basking in the sun. Service, Arizona Game weather and partly to the nesting tendencies of con- gave details on the lead testing and treatment pro- and Fish Department, Utah Division of Wildlife, dor pairs which, in turn, stimulate the movements gram from 1999 through 2004, showing that forty U.S. Forest Service, of other birds. A third, perhaps even more impor- percent of blood tests indicated lead exposure, and Southern Utah’s Coalition of Resources Economics, tant reason, however, is the greater proficiency with nine percent showed exposure levels above the pub- Kaibab Plateau in fall 2005. The response was excel- and others. which condors have learned to forage on their own. lished threshold of clinical effect. Twenty-three indi- lent, with the majority of hunters accepting the offer. Funding and other sup- In spring and summer, the birds gravitated earlier viduals received emergency chelation therapy, and  port for the project was than in past years to the South Rim, Kaibab Plateau, all survived. X-rays of 14 condors over the years FUTURE PLANS provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and southern Utah, and many remained away from revealed shotgun pellets or rifle bullet fragments in The first goal of The Peregrine Fund each year is Arizona Game and Fish the release site later into the winter than previously the digestive system. Grainger Hunt presented data to produce a healthy new cohort of young condors Department, National Fish and Wildlife Foun- recorded. The area of Utah now favored by condors on the movements of condors in relation to lead at the World Center for Birds of Prey in Boise for dation, Liz Claiborne and is primarily a rugged, high elevation mosaic of exposure in the region and showed that the majority release in the Southwest. We will continue to do so Art Ortenberg Founda- forests and broad meadows where sheep ranching is of exposures in 2002–2004 came from rifle-killed until a wild population capable of sustaining itself is tion, Peter Pfendler, Conni Williams, The common, together with an abundance of deer and elk. deer remains during the fall deer hunting seasons. firmly in place. The core issue of that goal is the Kearney Alliance, Grand The need for close monitoring lies primarily in An earlier study by The Peregrine Fund to be pub- maintenance of high individual survival, a require- Canyon Conservation Fund, Patagonia, Earth the necessity of discovering, recording, and respond- lished in the Wildlife Society Bulletin in early 2006 ment necessitated by the slowness with which this Friends Wildlife Founda- ing to mortality factors. Every year, such monitoring demonstrates that ordinary rifle bullets explode species matures and reproduces. We will therefore tion, Houston Zoo, Inc., Natural Encounters Con- enables Peregrine Fund biologists to intervene upon impact, often leaving hundreds of lead frag- work hard to minimize mortality by monitoring servation Fund, The and/or respond where negative events might have ments within deer remains. All four papers suggest condor movements, testing lead levels, and treating Philadelphia Foundation, otherwise produced setbacks. This aggressive strate- the benefit to condors and other scavengers of the poisoned birds. We will continue to work closely Norm Freeman, Salt River Project, the Arizona gy is expediting the development of a substantial increasing use of nontoxic bullets, some of which with the Arizona Game and Fish Department and Strip Bureau of Land population. Tracking and conditioning has all but are now considered superior to those containing other state and federal agencies, and will strive to Management, the Phoenix Zoo, and the eliminated the impact of predation on newly- lead. Accordingly, the Arizona Game and Fish increase public awareness of the important issues of Lowry Park Zoo of released young condors, and future wild-produced Department offered two free boxes of nontoxic condor conservation. We will further analyze field Tampa Bay. individuals should be even less vulnerable. Tracking ammunition to every permitted deer hunter on the data and publish articles in scientific journals. 5 T. HALTER CUNNINGHAM 1922–2005

he Peregrine Fund mourns the passing in 2005 He worked as a game warden on the Chesapeake Tof an old friend and falconer, T. Halter Bay after the war, then took over his family’s busi- Cunningham. Although many of us knew him for ness, Lanman Engraving Company. With Halter at his longtime dedication as a member of our Board the helm, the company became the largest privately of Directors, his involvement with raptors stretches owned pre-press and commercial printing business back to his years as a teenager in Chevy Chase, MD. in the eastern U.S., providing work for major enti- Halter was a neighborhood friend of Frank and ties including Smithsonian Magazine, National John Craighead (now considered among the “found- Geographic, and Disney. ing fathers” of falconry in the United States). Among his lifelong pas- Peregrines migrated then, as now, along the Atlantic sions, Halter included polo, coast, and Assateague Island was a favorite trapping fishing, and duck hunting; spot of falconers. They buried themselves in the “...through and, to the benefit of sand, holding a pigeon to bait passing falcons. wildlife conservation, his Halter had homemade perches for his falcons in constant passion for raptors never the back yard and trained them to hunt in nearby waned. Even in his mid- open fields, releasing them when it was time to contact with 70s, Halter accompanied migrate again. In later years, he and his friend Brian other board members of McDonald developed the pigeon harness, a leather wild things a The Peregrine Fund on harness with several slipknots of fishing line sewn Peregrine monitoring expe- on. Once the pigeon was harnessed, it was released fellow must ditions at South Padre with a long cord attached. When a falcon snatched Island, Texas. the pigeon, its talons were caught in the slip knots learn to love Perhaps the best words File photo File and the falconer could then capture the falcon and to sum up Halter’s lifelong Halter, above, trapping and train it. One of Halter’s pigeon harnesses was them.” conservation ethic are his banding a Peregrine. bestowed to The Archives of Falconry along with own, written in 1947: numerous other artifacts by his son, Tom. Right: the cover of a 1947 In an article co-authored with William F. Turner If we had our money back that we have spent magazine with Halter (left) in the September 1947 issue of Hunting and Fishing chasing these fool birds from coast to coast, we and Bill Turner, who co- magazine, Halter (a.k.a. “Dusty”) explained falconry could probably retire; but if we tried to place a authored a falconry article. and falcons to the layman, calling the Peregrine value on the experiences that Falconry has Falcon “the finest thing that wears feathers.” afforded us, we don’t think a million dollars “To look in on [the nest of] one of these rare would cover it. For the conservation-minded birds,” he continued, “requires the following: a reader, remember that a lad who spends his time strong pair of legs, a broad back, a long rope, and in the pursuit of hawking will save many more not too much regard for your future.” birds than he will kill, for through constant con- Apparently Halter possessed all those traits, and tact with wild things a fellow must learn to love he applied them in other areas besides falconry. The them. We have acquired an intimate knowledge day after Pearl Harbor was attacked, Halter enlisted not only of birds of prey, but of nature in gener- in the Marines and was in the first wave to land on al, which is of incalculable value, both physically Guadalcanal. He was awarded the Purple Heart for and spiritually. battle wounds he received there. Courtesy of The Archives of Falconry Courtesy of The Archives

6 THE ARCHIVES OF FALCONRY Falconry has played a significant role in the suc- support construction and maintenance of a new Minard Stevens, pioneer California falconer (ca. late 1930s here), has been nominated cesses of The Peregrine Fund. In 1986 the falconers 3,000 sq ft addition. This wing will commemorate for representation on the coming Archives who had established The Peregrine Fund founded the Sheikh Mohamed’s father and his love of falconry, Memorial Wall. Archives of American Falconry to ensure the evidence and it will allow display of the tent and memorabilia of our falconry heritage surrounding the long traditions of Bedu falconry. GOAL would not be lost. Since Although volunteers have managed the Archives Collect and conserve then, it has become for roughly 20 years now, expansion has necessitated more than a resting seeking professional, full-time assistance. We have evidence of the history place for old books, cor- secured the services of David Wells, who, following of falconry world-wide respondence, photo- receipt of a master’s degree in library science, gained and document the role graphs, and the like. experience in librarianship and research at Duke of falconers in raptor Given the short history University and the city/county public library system in conservation. of American falconry, a Las Vegas, Nevada, before joining us in 2005. majority of the memo- Donations of materials continue to swell the rabilia from American Archives’ holdings. To enhance our exhibit of the donors has been international in nature, resulting in Thornton silver-gilt tea urn donated by Bob and Carol of Falconry the files of The Archives G. Stevens, from STAFF collections that are representative of falconry around Berry, British falconer Tony James placed on indefinite As forecast last year, all copies of Volume III of Founding Curator/ the world. In 2004, to better represent the collections, loan a 16-gauge shotgun made for Thornton in 1801. our Archives Heritage Publication Series, Sir Thomas Archivist, S. Kent Carnie; we changed the name to The Archives of Falconry. The Peregrine Fund’s own has begun shift- Sherley’s A Short Discourse of Hawking to the Field…, Administrator, David Wells; Curator of Books and  ing his falconry-associated letters to our collections of were sold this year—and the edition is now out-of- Manuscripts, John R. Swift; RESULTS correspondence. Brian Walton gave his collection of print. While considering candidates for Volume IV, a Research/Editorial Associ- ate, William G. Mattox; The year 2005 was momentous for our archives: John Moran hoods to commemorate the late Will publishing respite is appropriate and necessary. Research Associates: Paul we made major strides in developing a memorial to Shor. The family of the late Morgan Berthrong has  Beecroft, Peter Devers, honor deceased falconers; we received a significant shared pathological records from post mortem exami- FUTURE PLANS Harrie Knol, and Natalie Nicholson; and Graphics grant to add a new wing to the facility; and, we nations on many raptors during his decades of service Launching of our Memorial Wall and Bedu Associates, Seth Anthony, hired our first salaried assistant. to the falconry community. Two stunning Nineteenth Falconry Heritage Wing will demand time, attention, Don Garlock, Jim Hansen, and Jim Stabler. The memorial wall will be a permanent location Century Landseer engravings adorn our gallery and resources over the coming year. The final results for clubs, friends, and family to honor departed fal- thanks to the generosity of Jim Weaver. Tom will be monumental and will add greatly to The COOPERATORS The Archives is dependent coners. An adjacent walkway leads to a Ross Cunningham, son of the late T. Halter Cunningham, a Archives’ interest to the international falconry com- on the support of many Matteson sculpture, a falcon leaping into flight, member of The Peregrine Fund Board of Directors, is munity. Both will be complete in time for our 20th friends, falconers and non- against a backdrop of Boise, the valley, and the sur- sending falconry books, art, and memorabilia from anniversary celebration—its date to be announced. falconers alike. Particularly noteworthy assistance was rounding mountains. A bronze plaque identifying the extensive collection developed by Halter. Probably We hope to increase digitization and online capa- received from Robert each falconer will be set into the wall and the fal- Halter’s most memorable contribution to our sport bilities, improving internal functions and expanding Bagley, Andrew Bullen, Tom Cade, Kent Carnie, coner will be commemorated in a Book of was the development, with his old friend Brian accessibility. Tom Cunningham, The Remembrance within the archives. Response to the McDonald, of the pigeon harness for trapping Our international role will also expand with the Emirates Falconry Club, Jim concept is outstanding and contributors have Peregrines, an example of which was included in the curator’s inclusion on an ad hoc committee of The Enderson, Eyas Foundation (Pete Widener, Jr.), Great already honored some 20 falconers. Construction donation. The series of Andrew Ellis’ paintings that International Association for Falconry and the Lakes Falconers Association, will begin in spring 2006. drew acclaim at the opening of our new wing in 2002 Conservation of Birds of Prey, which is seeking John Harrell, Walter Hill, Cliff Kellogg, Cynthia Mar- In 2003 we noted acquisition of an Arab majlis has been placed on indefinite loan by their owner, international recognition for falconry as a world chitelli, Patrick Morel, tent and our need for proper display. Recently, His Robert Bagley. Title to individual paintings will be intangible cultural heritage. He has also joined the Natalie Nicholson, North Highness, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, son of the transferred on an annual basis. The Archives’ Curator advisory boards of Britain’s newly founded Falconry American Falconers Associ- ation, Sean Rice, Teresa founding president of the United Arab Emirates, has of Books and Manuscripts, John Swift, continues to Heritage Trust and Spain’s Archivo Iberioamericano Swayne, John Swift, Brian agreed through the Emirates Falconers’ Club to help make significant additions to the library. de Cetreria. Walton, and Jim Weaver. 7 STUDENT EDUCATION PROGRAM RESEARCH LIBRARY Our Research Library, initiated in 1994 primarily GOAL GOAL to fill staff researcher needs, has been a service to Provide research and Establish and maintain a other biologists in the Intermountain Region. Many donations from private libraries and purchase neces- educational opportunities comprehensive ornitho- sitated larger space to house them all. Initiated by a for students nationally logical and conservation bequest from the Estate of Jerry and Kathy Herrick, and internationally to biology research library in September 2002 we constructed a building that further science and related to the mission of houses the Research Library and The Archives of conservation. the organization and of Falconry. Due to the size and scope of library and major importance to the archival holdings, it took until the end of 2004 to COLLABORATORS entire conservation complete the reorganization and create computer- Financial support ized catalogs. We are settled in our new location and was received from the community. continue to add titles to our holdings. M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust. STAFF RESULTS The library is supervised by Lily-Arison Rene de Roland By the end of 2005, our library contained 17,253 Lloyd Kiff, who is ably Student Donatien Randrianjafiniasa (center) assists staff member/past student Tolojanahary assisted by Leslie Jonart titles, mostly on birds, and partial or complete runs Andriamalala (right) with a Madagascar Cuckoo Hawk held by field technician Monesy (left). and Travis Rosenberry. Ten of over 1,300 journal and magazine titles. The cata- volunteers generously con- tributed their time and loged reprint collection included 17,427 records, Our student education program achieves lasting The following table reflects our cumulative and companionship to the with at least another 10,000 awaiting cataloging. We conservation results in the United States and inter- current contribution to student training and sup- library effort during 2005. receive 182 technical research journals, 37 conserva- nationally by providing motivated and capable stu- port around the world. tion magazines, and 122 newsletters by subscription dents financial support and the opportunity to or exchange. It is likely that our Research Library ranks among the 10 largest col- engage in hands-on research related to raptor con- Post lections on birds and related natural history topics in North America. Doctorate Doctorate M.Sc. B.Sc. servation. The Peregrine Fund’s support of students Computerized versions of the library catalog, reprints catalog, and journal is an effective way to promote raptor conservation Students who inventory are maintained on The Peregrine Fund web site where they can be and invest in local capacity. have worked 18 51 13 searched or downloaded. Although awareness of our library is mostly by word-  directly with us of-mouth advertising, we are becoming well known in the international conser- RESULTS Currently vation community. Using a high-speed document scanner, library assistant Travis In 2005 we increased and enhanced the existing working with 1 2 8 1 Rosenberry e-mailed free pdf copies of 879 articles in our collection to 204 off- level of support, training, and field opportunities for us on degree site researchers representing 34 foreign countries and 14 states in 2005. This international and United States students through programs unusual service has been well received by our colleagues living in library-poor ongoing and new raptor conservation and research situations, and it has placed our library on the map of the world conservation projects. In the Neotropical program we hired a sen- FUTURE PLANS community. The library collections also enjoyed increased use by the resident ior biologist to supervise and coordinate student World Center staff and other local biologists. opportunities. In the first few months, Mark Watson We will continue to support student education More than $65,000 worth of library items were received from 15 individual identified three research priorities and students in nationally and internationally to the degree that we and nine institutional donors, including Frank Baldridge (Citrus Heights, CA), (see Neotropical Raptor Conservation are financially able. Students will work in Asian, Mikhail Banik, (Khazkiv, Ukraine), James Clements (Temecula, CA), Jack Program for details). Other programs/projects with African, North American, and Neotropical regions. Clinton-Eitniear (San Antonio, TX), Charles T. Collins (Long Beach, CA), James student involvement included the East Africa Project, We will also provide travel grants to students to Enderson (Colorado Springs, CO), H. Lee Jones (Newport Beach, CA), Angel the Arctic Program, the Aplomado Falcon Project, enable and encourage them to participate in the Montoya (Las Cruces, NM), J. Michael Scott (Moscow, ID), Brian Walton (Santa and the Madagascar Project, as well as individuals in Second Neotropical Raptor Conference in Iguazu, Cruz, CA), and Clayton White (Provo, UT). The most significant single gift dur- New Guinea and the . Argentina, 11-14 June 2006. ing 2005 was the superb library of John Hanes, Jr., of Belgrade, MT, collected over 8 CAPTIVE BREEDING AT THE WORLD CENTER FOR BIRDS OF PREY a lifetime of travel and birding. APLOMADO FALCON RESULTS We maintained membership in the American GOAL In 2005, the Aplomado Falcon restoration program had 36 Aplomado Falcons lay 309 eggs, of which 172 Library Association’s Duplicates Exchange Union in Propagate the required (56%) were fertile. One hundred forty-one eggs (82%) hatched and 140 chicks (99%) survived to release age. 2005 and received 35 donations of journals and Six of the ovulating falcons were first-time layers. One falcon which ovulated in 2004 did not lay eggs in books from other libraries, representing 18 states. In number of the best 2005. No nutritional or disease-related problems occurred. The table below compares 2005 production with addition, exchanges were made with several other possible physically, previous years. institutional natural history libraries which resulted behaviorally, and Total Females Laying/ Total in additions to our collections. Nearly $3,000 worth genetically constituted Laying Eggs Fertile Young Young 8 Year Fertile Eggs Laid Eggs Hatched Survived of duplicate books and journals were sold from the Females raptors for release to the 2000 29/26 253 145 (57%) 118 (81%) 115 (97%) Males library to support the acquisitions program. wild. 6 Thanks to a grant from the M. J. Murdock 2001 32/27 284 170 (60%) 131 (77%) 129 (98%) 2002 35/32 281 162 (58%) 124 (77%) 120 (97%) Charitable Trust, we were able to hire biologist Leslie 4 STAFF 2003* 34/24 297 111 (37%) 93 (84%) 90 (97%) Jonart as an assistant for the Global Raptor Captive propagation at the 2004 35/29 286 151 (53%) 120 (79%) 117 (97%) Information Network (GRIN), a web-based tool that World Center is accom- 2 plished by Cal Sandfort Number of Falcons allows raptor enthusiasts, researchers, and conserva- 2005 36/33 309 172 (56%) 141 (82%) 140 (99%) (Aplomado Falcons) and tion managers global access to information, the lat- Randy Townsend (California Total NA 1,710 911 (53%) 727 (80%) 711 (98%) 0 est research results, and others working in the field. Condors) with assistance <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 14 15 17 18 from Joe Burke, Emma *Production decreased because of financial donation shortfall. Age of Falcons in Years Leslie spent part of her time in 2005 improving Christensen, Meagan Kaiser, library functions and conquering cataloging back- Jenny Myers, and Travis logs—she is a welcome addition to our staff. Rosenberry. Food produc- CALIFORNIA CONDOR RESULTS Total Females tion is accomplished by Laying/ Total Our library has become a significant international Amel Mustic, David Cline, Eighteen condors at the World Center for Birds of Laying Eggs Fertile Young Young conservation resource primarily through donations and Mike Haynes. Facility Prey laid 28 eggs of which 23 (82%) were fertile and Year Fertile Eggs Laid Eggs Hatched Survived maintenance is under the 1995 2/0 4 0 (0%) — — of funds and publications from many persons, who 20 (87%) hatched with all chicks surviving (see direction of Sam Davila. 1996 5/1 8 1 (13%) 1(100%) 1 (100%) are listed on our web site. We welcome donations to table). Nine of the chicks were raised by adults. COOPERATORS 1997 8/2 9 2 (22%) 1 (50%) 1 (100%) the library, all of which are tax deductible. Several extraordinary events contributed to this high Major financial assistance 1998 9/4 14 6 (43%) 6(100%) 6 (100%)  for California Condor prop- rate of production, including a fertile egg laid by a 1999 11/4 17 5 (29%) 4 (80%) 4 (100%) FUTURE PLANS agation is provided by the female laying for the first time, and the first-time 2000 19/7 26 8 (31%) 7 (88%) 7 (100%) U. S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- 2001 17/10 21 15 (71%) 13 (87%) 13 (100%) As awareness in the international conservation vice. Financial support for hatching of eggs from two pairs whose eggs failed to field about our holdings and services increases we Aplomado Falcon propaga- hatch in previous years. In all, there were 19 pairs of 2002 17/8 19 11 (58%) 8 (73%) 8 (100%) anticipate that our Research Library will continue to tion is listed within that condors, plus two unpaired condors being held for 2003 19/15 23 17 (74%) 13 (76%) 13 (100%) project report. Important 2004 18/14 29 22 (76%) 17 (77%) 15 (94%) grow in size and global significance. At a time when financial assistance was future breeding, and one mentor bird at the start of 2005 18/16 28 23 (82%) 20 (87%) 20 (100%) some libraries are replacing books and journal runs provided by The Steele- the breeding season. An adult male that had sired Reese Foundation for facil- Total NA 198 110 (56%) 90 (81%) 88 (98%) with digital versions, we are seeking to preserve ity renovations. Pathology seven chicks died of hypovolemic shock during the 6 paper copies of as much of the relevant conservation and veterinarian support summer after an apparent collision in its chamber are provided by Meridian Females literature as possible and still make the information Veterinary Clinic (Scott during the night. Since that time, the female from Males Higer), the Zoological Soci- widely available by electronic techniques. We are also that pair has become an excellent mentor to the 4 creating a parallel electronic library on CDs and ety of San Diego (Bruce fledgling puppet-reared chicks. See the table (right) Rideout), Washington State other media, as more publications become available University (Lindsay Oaks), for a summary of the condors’ egg-laying history. the Idaho Department of in electronic form. We will continue to supply free As of 1 November 2005, the world California Condor 2 Fish and Game, Wildlife pdfs to researchers by e-mail. This service has not population totaled 274 birds. Of those, 145 were in Health Laboratory, Caine Number of Condors only increased our pool of library users, it has also Veterinary Teaching Labo- captivity and 60 (41%) were at our Boise facility. In resulted in a surprising number of book and reprint ratory, and The Raptor 2005, 34 captive-bred young were produced of which 0 Center (Pat Redig). 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 donations from grateful recipients. 20 (59%) were from condors at The Peregrine Fund. Age of Condors in Years 9 EDUCATION PROGRAM GOAL For more than 35 years The Peregrine Fund has brochure outlining all of our educational offerings, Educate the public and been educating individuals of all ages around the including service learning opportunities, special globe and education remains an integral component events, and outreach programs. students about birds of of the organization’s conservation efforts. A success- Collaboration with Project WILD, a national ini- prey and the importance ful conservation initiative of any size requires an in- tiative incorporating hands-on, environmental edu- of their conservation, depth public education program to raise awareness cation activities in everyday classroom learning, has focusing on The and support for the project and to ensure the been solidly established as a result of concerted Peregrine Fund’s longevity of the work. Since the education pro- efforts over the past two years. Teacher/educator numerous successes. gram’s formal inception in 1985, more than 700,000 workshops that incorporate the study of birds of people have been reached through on- and off-site prey and Project WILD activities are now being educational presentations. The Velma Morrison offered biannually in the spring and fall at the World Interpretive Center is the headquarters for the orga- Center for Birds of Prey. Workshops are filled to nization’s Boise-based education program, which capacity months in advance and as a testimony to strives to provide every visitor with a captivating their success, exposure within the education com- and informative experience with raptors and impart munity has significantly increased, prompting more the importance of their role in our environment. educators to visit our facility with their students. The Interpretive Center’s environmental educa- The World Center for Birds of Prey continues to

Jack Cafferty tion program includes three components: adult be a major attraction in Idaho and this year was no Summer art programs for education (general public), school-endorsed pro- exception. A total of 30,687 individuals participated children incorporate the grams, and outreach programs. All three aspects of in educational programs at the Interpretive Center, biology and ecology of birds the program utilize our live raptors as an avenue for an increase of twelve percent from the previous year. of prey. promoting conservation of birds of prey, their habi- Visitors came from 50 states and 20 countries, tat requirements, and The Peregrine Fund’s national according to our visitor log. Students reached this and international conservation projects. year included 8,914 through on-site activities and  4,518 through outreach programs. This year’s totals RESULTS included 140 schools, grades K-12, from 36 commu- The Education Program focused its efforts this nities in Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. The demand for year on establishing its reputation within the com- off-site programs has dramatically increased and Right: hands-on exhibits munity as a leader in environmental education. Just this year staff conducted 56 outreach programs enthrall children of all ages. as The Peregrine Fund has established itself as the impacting 10,825 people. The majority of these pro- world leader in raptor conservation, the education grams included at least one of the education birds, a program began making strides to become the 60-minute talk, and encouragement to visit the

Jack Cafferty Treasure Valley’s number one resource for environ- Interpretive Center. Sites visited included schools, mental education programs. From general public interpretive centers and visitor’s centers around the tours, to school programs, to outreach events and Northwest, businesses, state parks in Idaho and This past year Phil and Betsy Eldridge com- even our web site, curriculum and materials were Oregon, an art gallery in Sun Valley, and many other pleted a combined 3,789 hours in 27 years revised to ensure all presentations were streamlined venues. The total impact of all the components of of volunteer service to The Peregrine Fund. and current. Based on teacher feedback from previ- the education program combined was more than The husband and wife team have officially ous years, a priority for 2005 was offering more top- 41,000 people! “retired” from their volunteer duties, although ical program options and adding cross-disciplinary This year all visiting students were provided an their years of hard work and devotion to the programs to provide a greater resource for local opportunity to enter the “Name the Bald ” con- Education Program will not be forgotten. educators. The new programs were extremely well test by submitting a suggested name and a short,

We thank them for all their contributions. File photo received and prompted the creation of a new persuasive essay. The contest brought more than 250 10 STAFF Program and facility direc- tor, Jack Cafferty; Volunteers entries and four winners were chosen: one in each A male Golden Eagle and a male Peregrine Falcon are and Gift Shop, Nick Pic- of three age-group categories and one overall win- among the many raptors that make regular appearances for cono; Raptor Specialist, ner. A ceremony honoring the winners was covered visitors in the Interpretive Center’s courtyard when weather Trish Nixon; Education Pro- grams Coordinator, Cathie by several TV stations and a full-page article about permits. Nigro; and Facility Mainte- the event appeared in the local newspaper. The posi- nance, Brian Gloshen. tive media exposure was excellent, and perhaps COOPERATORS more important, the contest offered an opportunity Financial partners this year for student involvement on several levels. include the Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation, The first Habitat Improvement Project allowed us adults and school groups to greeting visitors and Inc., The Harry W. Morrison to work with schools and scouting groups from ringing up sales in the gift shop, cleaning bird Foundation, Inc., U.S. Ban- corp Foundation, Islands across the Treasure Valley to restore native plant chambers, feeding birds, assisting with outreach Fund, Gannett Communities species to the World Center’s grounds. More than programs, and fulfilling many needs at the facility Fund/Idaho Statesman, Bank of America Founda- 1,000 plants were planted during the event by 158 on a day-to-day basis. As a result of these efforts, the tion, Ada County Association students from eight schools, including a Boise State program is able to continue to keep operating costs of Realtors Foundation, University service learning group. low and admission fees at a reasonable level. Thanks Wells Fargo Foundation, Key Foundation, Tesoro Petro- During the summer, two new events were estab- to the support of our financial supporters we were leum Companies, Higgins lished. The 2005 Summer Lecture Series took place able to once again waive all admission fees for stu- and Rutledge Insurance, The ConAgra Foods Foundation, one night a month for three months. The lectures dents visiting on school-endorsed visits, a sign of Weyerhaeuser Company presented were Beat the Heat, Vulture Culture, and The Peregrine Fund’s commitment to ensuring that Foundation, and numerous Winging it with the Red-tailed Hawk. The presenta- every student has the opportunity to participate in individual donors. tions lasted approximately 90 minutes and included our program, regardless of financial constraints. VOLUNTEERS an in-depth discussion on each of the topics. The CONTRIBUTING  UTURE LANS OVER 50 HOURS Summer Program for kids, entitled Painting Jack Cafferty F P OF SERVICE IN 2005 Peregrines and Other Artistic Endeavors, ran for four which individuals from beginner to intermediate The general public plays a vital role in the over- Craig Althen, Deb Ander- days during the second week in August. The pro- learned the proper techniques to work with our all success of this environmental education initia- son, Jane Anson, Denise Bittner, Karen Brender, Ray gram, open to students ages 6-14, was quite popular education birds. Skills learned included showing tive and we will continue to raise awareness about Brucks, Bert Cleveland, and we intend to continue the program during 2006. birds on the glove, interpreting perched birds in the the facility and strive to increase general visitation Louis Dewitt, Corki Duncan, Julie Ekoff, Leo Faddis, Many of our education programs are facilitated courtyard, feeding on the glove, assisting in hus- and participation in student programs. As winter Claudia Fernsworth, Don by volunteer docents, for whom a workshop was bandry duties, and maintaining raptor equipment. months are typically slower visitation months, Fox, Joni Frey, Angela Frith- Gomez, Bill Gehring, given on the topic of school presentations. The In total, 73 volunteers attended these workshops. A school programs and outreach presentations will Connie Gifford, Martin Gre- workshop, titled “Basics on Leading a School chart system was instituted tracking the progress of be encouraged during this time to expand the itzer, Kathryn Hampton, Program,” was designed for those volunteers with each volunteer bird handler and the birds they are overall impact of the program. We plan to enhance Kathryn Hobson, Ann Jones, Ruth Kassens, limited teaching or program-leading experience and qualified to handle. the education component of our web site and Connie Leavitt, Pam Lowe, for those needing to refresh their school program Contributions of volunteers to The Peregrine make more activities available for educators and Kip Malone, Paul Malone, Mike McSweeney, Milton skills. Volunteers learned to define and follow the Fund are immeasurable, and volunteers remain the students interested in our education program Mezian, Dave Oliver, Jack school program IMAGE (Interactive, Multimedia, heart and soul of all aspects of the education pro- nationally and internationally. Additional special Osgood, Brit Peterson, Ron Age-Appropriate, Group Dynamics, Explicit gram. A total of 93 volunteers contributed 7,313 events and summer programs will also be consid- Price, Fred Pugh, Cathy Quam, Randy Rasmussen, Expectations) and we discussed teacher expecta- hours to help implement the program and operate ered, as the facility and its activities become more Nikki Sartin, Ellen Shaw, tions, how to facilitate learning through hands-on the Interpretive Center this past year. Based on involved within the local community. The Michael “Mags” Shaw, Chan Springer, Charlie Stone, activities, inquiry-based teaching methods, and industry standards, it is estimated volunteers con- Interpretive Center’s displays, multimedia presen- Diann Stone, Janie Stubson, defining program expectations. tributed more than $125,000 worth of service to the tations, and facilities will continue to be updated as Dick Thatcher, David Wells, Our Raptor Specialist also conducted five sepa- program this past year. Activities conducted by vol- needed and plans for future renovations and and Allyson Woodard. rate bird handling workshops for volunteers, during unteers ranged from conducting presentations to expansions put into place as funding permits. 11 ARCTIC PROGRAM Current scientific research has documented a sig- been collected on current population levels of a nificant warming trend throughout most of the number of seabird species in Greenland, specifically Arctic, if not all. However, the real effects this warm- in Uummannaq, from which the results have ing trend has had on local organisms, specifically received significant press coverage in both Denmark Peregrine Falcons and Gyrfalcons, is much less and Greenland and will hopefully help lead to understood and documented. Only through long- important changes in both wildlife management and term monitoring of these falcon populations can hunting laws within Greenland. small changes be detected and possible correlations  made with changing environmental conditions. RESULTS Starting in 1993 The Peregrine Fund began work- West Greenland—During the 2005 field season Immature Gyrfalcon, ing in Greenland, continuing a tradition of falcon all 66 known Gyrfalcon nests sites were surveyed by northwest Greenland. research first begun in 1972 in Kangerlussuaq (West helicopter with nine being found occupied and all Greenland) under the leadership of Bill Mattox producing young. DNA samples, either molted (Greenland Peregrine feathers or blood samples, were collected from all GOAL Falcon Survey). Since nine eyries for genetic analysis. Limited surveying of Conserve and 1993 both the biological Peregrine Falcon eyries occurred with nine eyries and geographical scope being checked for occupancy. An adult female understand Gyrfalcon of our research has Peregrine captured and fitted with a PTT in 2003 and Peregrine Falcon increased. This past was re-captured and the unit removed. populations and their summer marked the North Greenland—The 2005 field season pro- environments in 34th consecutive year vided us with the best weather conditions we have Greenland and other data has been collected had in many years, enabling the entire survey area to arctic areas. in Kangerlussuaq, the be covered. 13th consecutive year Gyrfalcons were found breeding at 10 eyries, four

Jack Stephens, jackstephensimages.com we have collected data of which were new in 2005. Peregrines were found at in Thule (Northwest six eyries with successful breeding attempts occur- Greenland), and our ring at five. Genetic samples were obtained from all second year working in 10 Gyrfalcon and all six Peregrine eyries. Scoresbysund (East East Greenland—From early September Greenland). through mid-October we operated a trapping sta- Additionally, in past tion in the Scoresbysund area, capturing 87 Biologist Brian Mutch years we have also Gyrfalcons and one immature female Peregrine scans a cliff face in worked in both Alaska Falcon. This is the first Peregrine Falcon ever cap- search of falcons. and Iceland collecting tured (alive or dead) in central-east or northeast genetic samples for Greenland. Researchers trapped a total of 379.5 comparisons with our hours, capturing a falcon approximately every 4.3 Greenland study areas. hours. Biometric measurements and blood samples

Jack Stephens, jackstephensimages.com Further information has were obtained from all individuals.

12 STAFF Program direction is accom- plished by Kurt K. Burnham with the assistance of Bill Burnham, and scientific advice is provided by Ian Newton and Bill Mattox. Jack Stephens manages our field station, the High Arctic Institute, at Thule Air Base. Jack Cafferty assists with travel authorizations and other critical logistical needs, particularly while field work is being con- ducted. Participating in field work in 2005 were Bill Burnham, Kurt Burnham, Jack Cafferty, Bill Heinrich, Jeff Johnson, Brian Mutch, Cal Sandfort, and Jim Will- marth. Genetic analysis is accomplished in coopera- tion with Jeff Johnson and David Mindell at the Uni- versity of Michigan.

COOPERATORS

Kurt K. Burnham Work in Greenland is in Left: Navigating pack ice in Greenland is a challenge unique to conducting research in the cooperation with and authorized by the Commis- higher reaches of the Arctic. sion for Scientific Research Above: Recently-banded Peregrine chicks. in Greenland, Greenland Home Rule Government, the Danish Polar Center, and the U.S. Air Force. The U.S. government sponsor is FUTURE PLANS the Department of the Inte- rior/Bureau of Land Man- The primary emphasis for 2006 will be finalizing agement. Special thanks to the residents of Thule Air the write-up of results from previous years and sub- Base, the 109th Air mitting them for publication. Only through contin- National Guard, the United States Air Force, National ued publication of meaningful results can govern- Science Foundation, VECO mental agencies and wildlife managers make Polar Associates and Robin informed scientific decisions regarding the conserva- Abbott, Ed Stockard, Earl Vaughn, and Susan Zager, tion and management of both Gyrfalcons and and Basse Vaengtoft and Peregrine Falcons and their prey. Within Greenland, Kate Bahr Friis of KISS. We value the longstanding field work in 2006 will include continued monitor- cooperation with Kaj ing of both Gyrfalcon and Peregrine Falcon popula- Kampp and the Copen- tions in the West and Northwest, and if possible, the hagen Zoological Museum. expansion of our Northwest study area further Financial support was pro- vided by Ruth and Brian north. Genetic samples and other information will Mutch, Comer Science & continue to be collected when visiting eyries and Education Foundation, Peter Pfendler, Vetlesen handling falcons. A fall trapping station will again be Foundation, Peregrine established in East Greenland to monitor seasonal Financial, and NSF/VECO migration of falcons. Polar Resources. Jack Stephens, jackstephensimages.com Stephens, Jack 13 he Peregrine Fund has a long history of research tion, persecution and changing negative attitudes Tand conservation in the Neotropics. Our toward raptors, and research on the behavior and involvement began with Orange-breasted Falcon ecology of secretive and little-known birds of prey. Students Laura surveys in Ecuador and Guatemala in the 1970s. We currently have projects in Panama and in Dominguez and Luisa Since then our Neotropical Raptor Conservation ; Dominican Republic, , and Cardenete counted Program (NRCP) has grown to become the largest in the Caribbean; and Brazil, Argentina, migrating raptors component of The Peregrine Fund’s international and Colombia in South America. Individual projects from the Neotropical programs, dedicated to researching and conserving are described in the following pages. Raptor Center as part the roughly one-third of Earth’s birds of prey that GOAL of the Ocean to occur within the Neotropical biogeographic region RESULTS Conserve Ocean Project. In six which encompasses the Caribbean and Central and Neotropical weeks over 573,000 South America. The headquarters of the NRCP, Biologist Mark Watson, who previously worked raptors passed over- Fondo Peregrino-Panamá, employs a staff of biolo- with us on the New Guinea Harpy Eagle Project, was raptors, their head. gists and managers who direct a diverse array of hired to provide on-site direction and assistance to habitats, and raptor research and conservation projects. These bolster conservation and research capacity. This

biodiversity Angel Muela projects address issues including habitat degrada- newly created position allows us to expand our stu- through research, dent education and research efforts, especially in conservation South America. New projects are being implemented in Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina, all countries interventions, with high biodiversity and pressing conservation public education, concerns. Fondo Peregrino-Panamá also hired full- and development time development director Priscilla Maloney to of local capacity strengthen our financial and logistical base within for science and Panama and abroad, and ensure that Neotropical conservation. programs receive necessary support. Fondo Peregrino-Panamá and the NRCP had its first-ever direct audit and professional evaluation, both requirements of our cooperative agreement with USAID. Important institutional relationships were established with the Panamanian Ministry of Education (MEDUCA) for the publication of the recently completed educational guide Raptors. Fondo Peregrino-Panamá hosted the first-ever Festiarpia, a festival dedicated to Harpy and celebrating the day the species was proclaimed Panama’s national bird. We participated in a second year of the Ocean to Ocean Project, a count of rap- tors migrating south in the fall that are concentrated in the narrow Panamanian isthmus. This project seeks to detect population trends among species that breed in North America.

Angel Muela Benefactor’s Board—The NRCP’s broadening Zimbabwe student Tim Kluckow joined our education team in Panama to gain valuable experience while helping efforts to achieve financial sustainability include the enhance our educational Harpy Eagle flight display. 14 STAFF formation of a Benefactor’s Board within the com- counts from the Neotropical Raptor Center as part The Neotropical Raptor Con- servation Program is directed mercial and social communities of Panama. The of the Ocean to Ocean Project. In six weeks over by Rick Watson and Magaly Benefactor’s Board will be a resource for pursuing 573,000 raptors passed overhead. Zimbabwe student Linares, assisted by Cameron in-country support and funding. An element of the Tim Kluckow joined our education team in Panama Ellis, Priscilla Maloney, Yanina Guevara, and Margarita Benefactor’s Board is currently planning a country- to gain valuable hands-on experience while provid- Gordon. Mark Watson directs wide publicity campaign for Fondo Peregrino- ing his knowledge in falconry to help enhance our the Neotropical Science and Student Education Projects. Panamá and the NRCP. educational Harpy Eagle flight display. Cameron Ellis coordinates Neotropical Science and Student Neotropical Raptor Network (NRN)—In June the Neotropical Raptor Net- Education— work. Other project staff In 2005 we began to expand our 2006 the NRN (a project of the NRCP dedicated to members are listed sepa- Neotropical Program to include projects on raptors promoting communication and collaboration rately under each project in of high conservation concern over a wider area among raptor researchers and other conservationists the following pages. within the region. The aim is to extend research to working in the Neotropics) will convene the Second COOPERATORS those species and habitats where the need is urgent Neotropical Raptor Conference (II NRC) in Iguazu, The partnership of many organizations and individuals as well as to provide funding assistance and supervi- Argentina. The conference will include presenta- makes this program possible, sion to students. This achieves the dual outcomes of tions, workshops, and an opportunity for network- including Autoridad Nacional building local capacity and providing information ing on a wide range of subjects in Neotropical del Ambiente (ANAM), Autori- dad del Canal de Panama for species and area management. Those trained raptor research, management, and conservation. (ACP), Fundación Ciudad del students will go on to play a prominent role in con- Details can be found on the NRN website at Saber, and the Ministry of Education (MEDUCA). We col- servation in their own countries. http://www.neotropicalraptors.org laborate with the Ecopolice In Argentina we are supporting Juan José Maceda Department, Instituto  Panameño de Turismo (IPAT), from the University of La Pampa who is conducting Rick Watson FUTURE PLANS The Nature Conservancy Ph.D. research into the habitat use of the endan- The spectacular Iguazu Falls National Park, Argentina, In 2006 we will publish Raptors—An Educational (TNC), Audubon Society – gered Crowned Solitary Eagle. This is a large eagle is the venue of the Second Neotropical Raptor Guide, distribute the guide to teachers throughout Panama, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Jardín of woodland savannas at sub-tropical latitudes in Conference in June 2006. Details can be found on Panama, and hold teacher training workshops to Botánico Summit (Summit South America. Much of this unusual landscape has the web site http://www.neotropicalraptors.org. institutionalize its use in Panama’s education sys- Zoo), Rossana Uribe y Asocia- been lost to conversion to arable farming and the tem. We will hold the second Festiarpia and contin- dos (RUA), Alcaldía de Panamá, and Colegio Brader. remainder degraded by intensive cattle ranching. ue to strengthen institutional partnerships in envi- Jacobo Lacs serves on our The eagle has a specialized diet, eating mainly ronmental education. We will host the Second Board of Directors and pro- vides invaluable support and armadillos and snakes and probably forages over a The third project, still under development, seeks Neotropical Raptor Conference and assist the assistance in Panama. The wide area in a landscape that changes from year to to conduct surveys of the distribution and abun- Neotropical Raptor Network to become its own Ocean to Ocean Project is conducted in partnership with year owing to fire disturbance. dance of raptors in montane forest in Colombia. independent organization. Research and conserva- Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, In Brazil we are supporting Marcus Canuto who Within Colombia there are 76 species of raptors and tion efforts will be expanded in South America by Audubon Society—Panama, will soon begin fieldwork on the White-necked the tropical Andes have the highest biodiversity of assisting students to conduct research on little- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and the Panamanian Hawk. This is one of a group of 10 hawk species that any terrestrial environment on the planet. This known raptors or species in jeopardy. The successful Center for Study and Social lives in forest and edge habitats found only in the promises to be an exciting and worthwhile addition captive propagation of Harpy Eagles at the Action (CEASPA). Neotropics. The White-necked Hawk has never been to our knowledge of Colombia’s amazing diversity. Neotropical Raptor Center will conclude, however Financial support in 2005 was provided by Wolf Creek Chari- studied before, and 93% of the Atlantic Forest where New Guinea student Leo Legra is currently visit- releases of eagles into the wild will continue for sev- table Foundation, United it lives has been lost already. Marcus has spent six ing Panama for six months’ training to learn meth- eral more years as we continue to refine methods States Agency for International months as an attendant at our Harpy Eagle release ods for studying forest eagles. He will take the and follow released birds until they breed in the Development (USAID), M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, and site in Soberania National Park in Panamá. He is one knowledge back to Papua New Guinea to continue wild. We will involve the Benefactor’s Board in Mr. and Mrs. Jacobo Lacs. The of an ever-widening group of people whom we have working on the New Guinea Harpy Eagle. Spanish Panama to pursue regional opportunities for fund- U.S. Agency for International Development has provided trained in our core projects who has then gone on to students Laura Dominguez and Luisa Cardenete ing and support for ongoing conservation and economic and humanitarian do further work in raptor conservation. received training to conduct migrating raptor research efforts. assistance worldwide for more than 40 years. 15 HARPY EAGLE CONSERVATION AND RESEARCH GOAL The Harpy Eagle is probably the most powerful breeding pair this year produced two infertile eggs, a Research and Conserve and restore raptor of the humid Neotropical forests. It is a large, fairly common occurrence for first-year breeders. Conservation—The charismatic eagle that is vulnerable throughout its A total of 30 Harpy Eagles have been released in research program on Harpy Eagle populations range in Central and South America to forest frag- Soberania National Park, Panama, and Chiquibul wild Harpy Eagles in through hands-on mentation and loss. Even before habitat destruction, Forest, Belize, since 1998. Several juveniles reached Darién, Panama, contin- management, research, the Harpy Eagle appears to be threatened by perse- independence in 2005. Two of these independent ues to go from strength and collaboration cution from humans. In the wild these magnificent birds, a male named Urraca and a wild-hatched to strength. We employ ICAL raptors reproduce slowly, one chick every two to female that was rehabilitated under our care last year, nine Embera and with local OP RA R P T T three years, so their populations are naturally were released into the forests of La Amistad Wounaan technicians people. O O

E R slow to rebound from declines. The Peregrine International Park in the Bocas del Toro region of who participate in daily N Fund’s work with Harpy Eagles is focused on western Panama. The female, MW, is faring particu- data collection as well as

C O establishing methods for captive breeding and larly well and the day after release was observed con- local public awareness M N A S R E G release to bolster dwindling populations, along tentedly feeding on a sloth. Three other independent programs. They bring RV O ATION PR with research into the ecology of wild Harpy eagles were released into the Rio Bravo area of north- great value to the effort Eagles to better under- ern Belize, a protected forest managed by Programme as they possess a combi- stand what factors limit for Belize, bringing the total number of released nation of traditional their numbers and how Harpy Eagles in this region to nine (eight surviving). knowledge of the land- best to achieve their All of these eagles have adapted well to their new sur- scape and are training in conservation. The roundings and have been seen with a wide variety of the use of modern scien- Peregrine Fund’s propa- prey including monkeys, kinkajous, coatimundis, and tific methods and equip- gation and release of porcupines. Many of the birds have begun to disperse ment to continue the Harpy Eagles serves the from the original release site, some traveling as far as work. Many are promi- double function of aug- Mexico and Guatemala. We monitor the dispersal nent members of their menting wild Harpy movements of these far-ranging birds using special communities so they are Eagle populations that transmitters tracked by satellite. influential in collective have declined and pro- Birds in both countries are almost continuously decisions that affect viding us with a unique on the move as they explore the vast forests around environmental conserva-

study opportunity to the Panama Canal and Rio Bravo area in search of tion. While project man- Angel Muela learn about the behavior prey. This movement presents a challenge to our staff ager José de Jesús Vargas is in Venezuela studying for and biology of large and volunteers who must trek through dense forest a Master’s degree this year, our most senior techni-

Angel Muela tropical forest raptors. habitat and battle mud, insects, and pouring rain to cian, Rodolfo Mosquera, is ably deputizing for him. In the 2005-2006 breeding  observe and study these eagles. In addition to making Our field research is a long-term effort. This eagle season one breeding pair of RESULTS sure they continue to do well, we are studying the probably only breeds in the wild on average once Harpy Eagles laid six fertile Captive Propagation and Release—Through released eagles to learn about their diet in relation to every two to three years, so it takes considerable time eggs in three clutches of our captive breeding program we have gained valu- prey availability, hunting frequency, and dispersal to build up knowledge of enough individuals from two eggs each, all of which able information on the factors affecting breeding patterns. Tracking and observing captive-reared and which we can make generalizations about the popula- hatched. The last chick to success and reproductive behavior of Harpy Eagles released eagles in the wild provides a unique oppor- tion or species as a whole. Now, after many years, we hatch (photo) was returned in captivity, as well as data on the growth and devel- tunity to learn about the species’ biology and behav- are starting to obtain important results. For example, to its parents to be raised for opment of young eagles. In the 2005-2006 breeding ior that is normally not possible with wild birds. comparing the landscape of 29 territories using a dig- release in 2007. season, through hands-on management, one breed- Information yielded from these studies may help to ital image of the vegetation cover shows that Harpy ing pair of Harpy Eagles laid six fertile eggs in three better manage the remaining tracts of forest where Eagles can live in places where up to 30% of the for- clutches of two eggs each, all of which hatched. A new Harpy Eagles and countless other species live. est has been lost or altered due to human cultivation and conversion to grass for cattle. Previously, it had 16 Summary of Harpy Eagle STAFF releases since 1998 Field research and conservation is (Numbers on 31 January 2006) directed by Mark Watson and José de Jesús Vargas, with assistance from Number released 30 Rodolfo Mosquera, Fidel Sabúgara, Gabriel Minguizama, Eloy Aripio, Briceño Flaco, Rogelio Peña, Julio Number that reached 23 independence Ovispo, and Calixto Conampia, and vol- unteers Indalecio Mecheche, Luciano Number still dependent 0 Caísamo, Jerónimo Valdespino, and Rigoberto Aripio. Saskia Santamaría is responsible for captive breeding. José Number surviving 17 de los Santos López, Noel Guerra, Próspero Gaitán, Bolívar Rodríguez, Number relocated to 3 Omar Fernández, and Edwin Jiménez Bocas del Toro, Panama (2) raise raptor food and provide mainte- (Number surviving) nance of the NRC facilities. Mary Schwartz made important contributions Number relocated to during 2005. Rio Bravo, Belize 9 (8) Angel Muela coordinates the release pro- (Number surviving) gram and is assisted by Marta Curti and Edwin Campbell. Important assistance for Number awaiting relocation 7 the Harpy Eagle release program was to Rio Bravo, Belize provided by the following volunteers in Angel Muela 2005: Hervé Bressaud, Marcus Canuto, Left: Many of our captive-raised and released Harpy Eagles have begun to disperse from the release site in Luisa Cardenete, Laura Domínguez, Todd Belize, some traveling as far as Mexico and Guatemala. We track these far-ranging birds using transmitters (PTTs) Gillen, Peiter Haghebaert, Phillip Hannon, Chris Hatten, Andrew Hida, tracked by satellites. Kevin Jablonski, Juliet Lamb, Ken Above: Marta Curti (left) and Saskia Santamaria (right) carry a captive-raised Harpy Eagle to its release site in McEnaney, Elisenda Montserrat, Julio Obispo, Ryan Phillips, Andrew Plant, Soberania National Park, Panama. Héléna Renaud, and Monty Wallace.

COLLABORATORS wild eagles to find out how they use a fragmented all are independent of our care and in The Harpy Eagle project depends on landscape and to assess the impact of different levels 2006 will be translocated to release sites in the partnership of many individuals and of human hunting on prey abundance. We will also more isolated forests of Rio Bravo, Belize. organizations, including Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) and its continue to train local people and foster community Four Harpy Eagle chicks hatched in 2004- National Parks (Soberania, Chagres, participation in the conservation of their own pre- 2005 will be released in Soberania Camino de Cruces, and Darien), Autori- cious natural resources. National Park in 2006 at 18 months of dad del Canal de Panamá (ACP), Fun- dación Ciudad del Saber, Ecological been thought that eagles were an indicator of contin-  age, while six chicks hatched in 2005-2006 Police, Comarca Emberá-Wounaan and uous intact primary forest. This new finding is posi- FUTURE PLANS are scheduled for release in 2007. As these Tierras Colectivas, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Asociación Nacional tive news for eagle conservation and it means they Fondo Peregrino-Panamá and the Neotropical eagles reach independence, they will be para la Conservación de la Naturaleza can live alongside humans if they are not hunted and Raptor Center have successfully developed the relocated to remote areas of Belize where (ANCON), Summit Zoo, and Patronato Amigos del Aguila Harpía. In Belize we some forest remains. We believe the situation in our knowledge and skills necessary to predictably breed suitable habitat still exists. Most of the count on the support and partnership study area is unusual, and that elsewhere in the Harpy Eagles in captivity for release in the wild. independent birds will be fitted with satel- of the Ministry of Natural Resources and species’ range it is much more typical for eagles to be Having gained this milestone in propagation of lite transmitters to allow us to remotely the Environment, Programme for Belize, The Belize Zoo/Tropical Education hunted to extinction long before the forest has been large tropical forest raptors, in 2006 we are planning track their survival and movements over Center, Air Wing of the Belize Defense substantially altered or reduced by increasing human to discontinue our efforts at captive breeding. All time. This useful technology will enable us Force, EcoFlight, and Lighthawk. density. Comparative studies elsewhere need to be remaining eagles able to survive in the wild will be to monitor a large number of eagles with Major financial support was received from the Wolf Creek Charitable Foun- done before firm conclusions can be drawn. released as they are ready. We will complete a first- minimal personnel in the field. The infor- dation, United States Agency for Inter- José de Jesús Vargas was the lead author on a ever release of a breeding pair of eagles to determine mation obtained from these units will national Development (USAID), Disney paper published in Ornitología Neotropical that syn- if the pair will remain together to breed in the wild. yield important data about the dispersal Wildlife Conservation Fund, Ledder Family Charitable Trust, The Houston thesized current knowledge of the eagle’s conserva- There are seven captive-bred and released Harpy patterns, mortality rates, and nesting Zoo, James and Barbara Cimino Foun- tion status. We plan to continue gathering data on Eagles currently in Soberania National Park, Panama; attempts for this species. dation, and Stichting de Harpij. 17 NEOTROPICAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION GOAL The Harpy Eagle, with its powerful talons, pierc- that are near our release site. In addition, we contin- Change human attitudes ing eyes, and broad, dark wings, is awe inspiring and ue to work in and around the nation’s capital, its presence, both powerful and humbling, has Panama City, as well as on a national and interna- towards birds of prey, invoked a myriad of feelings in those who have been tional scale. This year we directly reached more than especially Harpy Eagles, lucky enough to see it in the wild. For some, the 5,500 children and adults in these areas. to reduce persecution Harpy Eagle is a symbol of strength and beauty; for In addition to working with community mem- and help conserve their others it stands as a representative of large predators bers, we strive to provide appropriate and useful habitat and the in general, and is a living emblem for conservation. materials to educators whenever possible. To this For still others, it invokes fear and misunderstand- end, we wrote and submitted a cooperative agree- biodiversity it ICAL OP RA ing, due in part to its large size and curious nature. ment to Panama’s Ministry of Education contains. R P T T Indeed, human persecution of Harpy Eagles from (MEDUCA) to collaborate with the agency and bet- O O E R fear and ignorance has led to the decline of this ter provide quality environmental education materi- N species throughout much of its former range al focusing on the Harpy Eagle and other raptors on C O M where forest remains. To combat the myths and a national scale. We also completed the environmen- N A S R E G misconceptions that surround this magnificent tal education guide Las Aves Rapaces (Raptors), and RV O ATION PR raptor, we began an environmental education pro- have submitted it for publication. With the help of gram in 2002. Since then, the education component Panama’s Ministry of Education, we hope to dis- of the Harpy Eagle conservation effort has expanded tribute these guides to teachers and schools to focus on the ecological value of this species and throughout the country. To ensure and facilitate the Right: “Luigi,” our edu- the need for habitat protection, while at the same guides being utilized once in teachers’ hands, we are

cation Harpy Eagle, is time dispelling myths and misconceptions about offering teacher training workshops, the first of Angel Muela an important ambassa- raptors in general. This effort, coupled with a strong dor for the species. His science-based conservation program, is vital to the spectacular flight display long-term survival of the Harpy Eagle and many is part of an educational other large forest predators. program aimed at  improving the public’s RESULTS attitude toward Harpy Education focuses on three main target areas Eagles and other rap- within Panama. The first area is Darien, a large tors. expanse of Neotropical forest bordering Colombia where a population of wild Harpy Eagles remains. Here we work in 19 Embera and Wounaan commu- nities, many of which are located in close proximity Below: Children partici- to Harpy Eagle nesting sites. The second locale, pate in a raptor cos- known as the Panama Canal Watershed, includes tume contest during the those communities that surround Soberania first annual Harpy Eagle National Park, the area in which we are conducting Day, “Festiarpia,” in releases of captive-bred Harpy Eagles. The third Panama City, April 2005. area, Bocas del Toro, which is close to the border of Costa Rica, is an area rich in biodiversity. Here we have experimentally released Harpy Eagles to bolster a much diminished wild population. In this area we

work with the Naso and Ngöbe-Bugle communities Angel Muela 18 STAFF This project is conducted by Marta Curti and Kathia Herrera with assistance in the field from José Vargas and others. Also assisting with the education pro- gram were Tim Kluckow, Michele Kim, and Ben- jamin Montuto. Adrian Benedetti made valuable contributions during 2005.

COOPERATORS We collaborate with Panama’s Ministry of Edu- cation (MEDUCA), National Environmental Authority (ANAM), Panama Canal Authority (ACP), Soberania, Chagres, and Camino de Cruces National Parks, Ecological Angel Muela Police, Instituto Nacional Adrian Benedetti weighs our education Harpy Eagle in a de Cultura (INAC), Tierras daily routine to train the bird for flight demonstrations to the Colectivas Emberá y Wounaan, Comarca public. Emberá-Wounaan, Con- sejo Naso Tjerdi, Smithson- ian Tropical Research Insti- tute (STRI), Academy for Education and Develop- which occurred in 2005 for regional coordinators conducted our first joint presentation with them in del Toro areas. In the upcoming year, with the help ment (AED), Parque Met- ropolitano, The Nature within Panama. Teachers learned about raptors and the Panama Canal Watershed community of El Giral. of MEDUCA, we hope to distribute the education- Conservancy (TNC); and the Harpy Eagle while utilizing activities from the Working with fourth and fifth graders from this al guide, Las Aves Rapaces, to all elementary Colegio Brader—Misión: guide, which include using recyclable materials to community, we gave a presentation on raptors and schools throughout the Republic of Panama and Águila Arpía. construct almost life-size Harpy Eagles, conducting then the Mission: Harpy Eagle students conducted continue to train teachers in the use of this guide. Important financial sup- port was received from bird watching/identification activities, simulating educational games about the Harpy Eagle, including Our goal is to conduct workshops for educators the United States Agency raptor migration in an avian Olympics game, and “Harpy Twister” and “Pin the Tail on the Harpy.” that work in our three main target areas in 2006. for International Develop- ment (USAID) and Wolf looking at some of the general causes of extinction Internationally, we made a week-long visit to the We also plan on placing the public education Creek Charitable Founda- in an interactive activity called the Map of Dominican Republic to provide additional envi- guide The Nature of Harpy Eagles–Using the Harpy tion. Caribe Stereo pro- Extinction. ronmental education training for Fundacion Eagle as a Flagship for Conservation, on our web site vided in-kind donations. In April 2005 we hosted the first annual Harpy Moscoso Puello working with the critically endan- in both English and Spanish to make it available to Eagle Day, Festiarpia, in Panama City to celebrate gered Ridgway’s Hawk. During this time we devel- teachers and environmental educators working in the country’s national bird. Over 500 people attend- oped a pre-evaluation survey, conducted this sur- raptor conservation around the globe. Finally, we ed the event which included games, flying a live vey with 23 members from a community near Los will host the second annual Harpy Eagle festival Harpy Eagle, a raffle, face painting, a raptor costume Haitises National Park where the Ridgway’s Hawk which will again be held in April to celebrate the contest, and informational stands from over 18 is present, and completed draft text for an infor- anniversary of the declaration of the Harpy Eagle as other organizations in Panama including the mational brochure that will be distributed to local the national bird of Panama. We plan to host EcoPolice, the Panama Canal Authority, and community members. another drawing contest that will be open to all stu- Metropolitan Park. The event was more successful  dents on a national level, and as in the past, we than we had ever imagined! FUTURE PLANS hope to use the winning drawings to create calen- We continued to work closely with the students Community education efforts will continue in dars and potentially other educational materials. from Mission: Harpy Eagle (Colegio Brader) and the Panama Canal Watershed, Darien, and Bocas 19 ORANGE-BREASTED FALCON PROJECT GOAL The Orange-breasted Falcon is a stunning raptor, two separate captive populations, one in Panama Determine the status of with a black head, a bluish-black body marked with and one in Wyoming. white striations, and a bright rust-colored breast. Due to the high instances of nesting failure we the species and the Generally these remarkable birds of prey inhabit have witnessed in the wild in both Panama and consequences of areas of Neotropical forest providing good nesting Belize, one goal this year was collecting eggs from population isolation in cliffs that often jut out of the ground in impressive wild nests and hatching them at the Neotropical fragmented landscapes; rock formations. The breeding range of the Orange- Raptor Center (NRC) in Panama to augment our and develop captive breasted Falcon once probably extended from captive breeding population. Collecting eggs early breeding and southern Mexico through the tropical forests of during incubation decreased the probability of Central and South America. Today, it is distinctly breeding failure from natural predation which also release methods absent from many areas within Central America increased the chances of securing the additional ICAL for future species OP RA R P that contain apparently suitable habitat. To birds needed for breeding purposes. In addition, it T T restoration or O O increase our knowledge of this species and increased the likelihood that the wild pair would lay E R management. N potentially safeguard it from extirpation in a second clutch of eggs in the same breeding season,

C portions of its range through breeding thus potentially doubling annual production. O M N A and release, in 2001 we began to establish Females resulting from our collection effort were S R E G Marta Curti Marta RV O held back to add to our captive breeding pairs; ATION PR Biologist Angel Muela pre- males were released back into the wild. pares to descend 120 feet  down a cliff to collect RESULTS Orange-breasted Falcon We surveyed all known Orange-breasted Falcon eggs for artificial incubation nests in Panama and Belize for the fourth consecutive and captive rearing. year to assess breeding activity and success. Four breeding pairs located in the remote forests of Darien, Panama, were surveyed by helicopter twice during the breeding season. Three of the four nests were active, though only two produced two chicks each. Seven Orange-breasted Falcon nest sites were surveyed in Belize during four visits. We arrived in Belize in early March to find one pair already on eggs. This first clutch of three eggs was collected from the nest by climbing roughly 120 feet down from the top of a high cliff. The eggs were carried Two male Orange-breasted by air in a hand-held portable incubator to Panama Falcons in the safety of their and placed in incubators in the NRC. All three eggs hackbox prior to release into hatched, producing one female and two males. The the wild. female was retained for captive breeding, while the Angel Muela 20 STAFF Field work is conducted by Angel Muela and Marta males were released back into the wild in Belize. Curti. Saskia Santamaría is This first-ever release of captive-raised Orange- responsible for captive breasted Falcons was an important milestone for breeding at the Neotropi- cal Raptor Center (NRC), the project. The two young birds were released in Panama, while associate the Mountain Pine Ridge area of western Belize Robert Berry is responsible for captive breeding at the using techniques that have already proven success- Wolf Creek Ranch facility in ful with Peregrine and Aplomado Falcons. After Wyoming. Mary Schwartz provided valuable assis- only a few weeks, volunteers observed the birds, tance to this project known as Black-20 and Blue-D9, chasing and catch- during 2005. José de los ing insects and small birds. The two falcons were Santos López, Noel Guerra, Próspero Gaitán, fitted with transmitters that allowed volunteers to Bolívar Rodríguez, Omar better monitor them during the first month of Fernández, and Edwin Jiménez raise raptor food release. The falcons were also banded allowing and provide maintenance identification in the future. of the NRC.

We were pleased to find that the wild pair from COOPERATORS which we collected eggs this season laid a second Robert Berry assists as a clutch of eggs and successfully fledged two young. research associate in devel- oping captive-breeding We were able to confirm the fledging of only one techniques for the species. other chick from among the seven nest sites in Financial support was pro- Belize, supporting the observed trend for poor vided by Wolf Creek Chari- table Foundation. breeding success in the wild. In Panama we work with In January 2006 we relocated all captive Orange- authorization of the Autori-

breasted Falcons from Panama to Robert Berry’s Angel Muela dad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) and Comarca Wolf Creek Ranch facility in Wyoming. The pairs Adult Orange-breasted Falcon. Emberá-Wounaan. Impor- will be combined with existing falcons in an effort to tant assistance was pro- increase captive propagation. vided by Piñas Bay Resorts, S.A. In Belize we work with authorization of the Ministry FUTURE PLANS of Natural Resources and the Environment. The Belize We will continue monitoring wild populations Zoo/Tropical Education of Orange-breasted Falcons and, as possible, Center provided logistical expand the searches to locate nests in new areas. If The first-ever release of captive-raised Orange-breasted support. Hidden Valley Inn continues to provide valu- possible we will install remote cameras in two nest Falcons occurred successfully in Belize in 2005. able in-kind assistance and sites to find out more about the breeding behavior support. Volunteer hack site attendants who cared for of these rare falcons and identify reasons for the the young falcons during release were Andrew Plant high nesting failure in the wild. We will also look Angel Muela for potential future release sites both in Belize and and Monty Wallace. in Panama. Financial support was received from Robert Blakely in recognition of Bob Berry’s continuing contribution to raptor reproduction, species stabilization, and habitat development.

21 WEST INDIES PROJECT GOAL The West Indies Project focuses on the Help prevent the Caribbean Islands of the Neotropical region where we first began research and conservation efforts in extinction of raptors 2000. These islands are one of the most important found only on the islands biodiversity hot-spots in the world, supporting a of the West Indies and variety of vegetation ranging from tropical rain- conserve native habitats forests to cactus scrub, and many plant and important for North species that occur nowhere else. Rapidly growing human populations threaten the islands’ unique American ICAL OP RA R P natural environments and species, including migrating T T O O some of the world’s most critically endangered E R birds. N raptors. Our first efforts have focused on the

C Ridgway’s Hawk in Dominican Republic, the Ridgway’s Hawk flies O M N A S R Grenada Hook-billed , and the Cuban Kite. overhead with prey, a E G RV O We aim to better understand the population common lizard. ATION PR

biology and factors limiting raptor species’ distri- Clark © W.S. bution and abundance, achieve conservation of the conservation success could be measured. Working radio-tagged in the Los Limones area, and they are most threatened species, develop the means to study with and training local cooperators, we found nine currently being monitored to document behavior and conserve these species in the long-term by insti- breeding pairs in 2002, 30 pairs in 2003, and 72 and dispersal. tutionalizing local capacity for conservation through pairs in 2004, all in Los Haitises National Park and a The main threats to the species can be summa- training and support, and increase public awareness. few forest fragments surrounding the park. In 2005 rized as forest alteration, persecution, wildfires,  our local partners Jesús Almonte (Fundación and lack of knowledge by local people about the RESULTS Moscoso Puello, FMP) and Samuel Balbuena de la species. Most nest failures (around 60%) were Dominican Republic–The critically endan- Rosa (Dirección Nacional de Parques-Los Haitises) caused by humans either directly by persecuting gered status of the Ridgway’s Hawk is based on its found 74 territorial pairs, of which 66 pairs attempt- the hawks as poultry killers or eating the hawks. estimated population size of no more than 250 ed to breed and produced 83 fledglings. We may be Indirect causes were from disturbance and alter- individuals, and realistically, this number may be close to knowing the locations of the entire global ation of the nesting habitat. much lower. Current distribution appears to be population of this species, so ongoing monitoring of Recognizing human persecution (both direct and restricted to the forests, secondary vegetation, and this small number is extremely important. indirect) as a significant cause in the decline of the forest fragments surrounding the 1,200 sq km Los A majority of the hawk nests we located were species, and how little the local people knew and Haitises National Park in northeastern Dominican built on top of colonial nests of the Palmchat, an understood about the Ridgway’s Hawk, an aware- Republic. The park is characterized by undulating endemic albeit common bird in the Dominican ness raising and education campaign was initiated. limestone hills (mogotes) and valleys, and has a Republic. We identified 10 species of trees selected In February 2005, Marta Curti from Fondo subtropical broadleaf forest that has been highly by the hawks for constructing their nests with the Peregrino-Panamá’s Environmental Education modified by a long history of agricultural activity. Hispaniola Royal Palm making up nearly three- Program, having established a similar and highly Since the first study conducted on the species in quarters of the nest trees. Almost half of all nest successful program in Panama for the Harpy Eagle, 1976, forested habitat has decreased dramatically. trees were near or in habitat used for agricultural assisted Jesús Almonte and Pedro Rodriguez The loss of habitat, along with direct human perse- activities. One note of interest was the first docu- (Sociedad Ornitologica de la Hispaniola–SOH) in cution, appears to be the most significant cause for mentation of three-egg clutches for Ridgway’s the start-up of an environmental education and the decline of the Ridgway’s Hawk. Hawks–five in total and all hatched successfully. conservation campaign focused on the Ridgway’s We began this project four years ago with surveys Preliminary results from nest observations at sev- Hawk and habitat in the Los Limones area of Los to find as many Ridgway’s Hawks as possible to eral nests recorded the Ridgway’s Hawk’s diet was Haitises National Park. Jesus and Pedro have since establish a baseline population estimate from which made up of 90% reptiles. Three fledglings were given several presentations to local communities 22 STAFF This project is managed by Russell Thorstrom. bordering the park. A poster describing the hawk Left: Samuel Balbuena de la and its conservation status was published for use in Rosa (left) and Peregrine COLLABORATORS the education awareness campaign and is being used Fund biologist Russell We work in partnership with the Grenada Dry at meetings and posted in gathering places in the Thorstrom track radio- Forest Biodiversity Con- local communities. An article was recently published tagged Ridgway’s Hawks to servation Project, Grenada Forestry on Ridgway’s Hawk surveys from 2002 and 2003 in learn about their biology Department, Alan the Caribbean Journal of Science. and behavior. Joseph, Michael Jes- Grenada–In Grenada, locally-trained Desmond samy, and Desmond McQueen. Independent McQueen conducted surveys to assess the status and Below: Deforestation, even researcher Bonnie Rusk distribution of the remnant breeding population of inside Dominican Republic’s provided assistance and expertise. In Dominican Grenada Hook-billed Kites. He has located just one National Parks, and human Republic, biologist Jesús nesting attempt and three other pairs showing early persecution have caused the Almonte conducted field work in the Los decline of the Ridgway’s signs of breeding activity since catastrophic Haitises region. We col- Hurricane Ivan destroyed 90% of the island in Hawk, a critically endan- laborate with Domini- September 2004. Since 2000, only 14 nesting sites for gered raptor. can Republic National Parks Department and

Jesús Almonte Jesús kites have been confirmed. thank them for allowing Cuba–In Cuba, financial support was provided Modesto (Samuel) Bal- buena de la Rosa to to ornithologist Arturo Kirkconnell to continue assist in the field work his surveys in an attempt to verify the existence of in Los Haitises region. the Cuban Kite in eastern and southeastern Cuba, Valuable advice was provided by Jim Wiley, the most likely area where this poorly-known United States Fish and species may still survive. Although there were Wildlife Service. We col- laborate with Angélica signs the species may still exist, no kites have so María Varela L. and far been seen. Carlos Garcia of Funda- cion Moscoso Puello,  Inc., and Kate Wallace, FUTURE PLANS Pedro Rodríguez, and We plan to continue surveys and monitoring of Eladio Fernández of Sociedad Ornitologica Ridgway’s Hawks and Grenada Hook-billed Kites Hispaniola. In Cuba, we until we have enough information to accurately collaborate with biolo- gists Arturo Kirkconnell determine their distribution and status, and imple- and Pedro Regalado. ment appropriate conservation measures. In Genetic research is Dominican Republic, in collaboration with SOH, accomplished by Jeff Johnson and David FMP, and the National Parks Department, we will Mindell of the University continue developing a local and national conserva- of Michigan. tion awareness and education campaign for the Financial support for this project was pro- Ridgway’s Hawk and its habitat. In Cuba, our local vided by the United partner will continue surveys for the Cuban Kite to States Agency for Inter- determine its existence. national Development (USAID), Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, and Conservation Inter- national. Russell Thorstrom Russell 23 ecent human-induced extinction rates are from active nest sites was statistically higher at the R100-1,000 times the geological background Manutsa colony than at the Kransberg colony. rate and are predicted to increase another tenfold. Cape Verde Kite Project—This kite was only In response, 188 countries have committed to slow- recently recognized by some biologists as a species, ing global biodiversity loss. Achieving this ambi- despite the fact that its nearest congener was found tious goal requires broad, proactive interventions to more than 3,000 km away. Biologists’ understanding protect entire ecosystems before their component of the species concept has changed in the past decade; species become threatened. Protected areas con- therefore, we may increasingly find that con- tribute to this goal, but by themselves will likely not sidered subspecies are, in fact, full and distinct species GOAL be enough; biodiversity must also survive in that need conservation. The aim of this project was to Conserve raptors human-dominated landscapes. By attempting to determine the conservation status of the Cape Verde meet the ecological requirements of wide-ranging, Kite and, as appropriate, help prevent its extinction. and their habitats top-of-the-food-chain predators in human-domi- This project provided new information regarding through research, nated landscapes we can reasonably expect to also the argument about the value of biological species

education, develop- save significant portions of biodiversity in the food Munir Virani versus phylogenetic (or evolutionary significant unit) ment of local chain below them. The Pan Africa Raptor Conser- A watches migrating wildebeest in the Masai concepts. Using molecular genetics techniques, we capacity for vation (PARC) Program contributes to this goal. It Mara National Park in Kenya. Protected areas will likely not found that historical Cape Verde Kites, including the conservation and is an “umbrella” approach to identifying priorities be large enough to sustain far-ranging, top-of-the-food-chain “type” specimen, were non-monophyletic and scat- science, and hands- and providing direction and communication for predators like large birds of prey. Their ecological needs must tered within a larger Red Kite clade. This means the raptor conservation projects in the African region. also be met in human-dominated landscapes. traditional Cape Verde Kite is not a distinctive evolu- on intervention. Final results of the Cape Verde Kite project and tionary unit, and the case for species status and special an annual update on the project are represents 57.7% of the occupied and 60.4% of conservation intervention is not supported. Therefore, provided below. Results are described separately in active sites observed during the season. this project has been concluded. Unexpectedly, during the following pages for our East Africa, Madagas- The proportion of sites where successful fledging this study we found support for recognition as a dis- car, and Zimbabwe Projects. occurred this season was similar and not statistically tinctive phylogenetic species of at least one clade of  different from the previous season for occupied or Yellow-billed Kites from southern Africa. Traditionally RESULTS active sites. A marked adult Cape Vulture that had considered a Black Kite subspecies, they are fairly Cape Vulture Project, South Africa— been observed at the same nest site in 11 previous common in human-dominated landscapes and do not Population monitoring of the Kransberg and seasons did not return this year. The marked bird warrant conservation intervention. Manutsa Cape Vulture breeding colonies by Pat and its mate had been unsuccessful for the past two  STAFF Bensen continued in the 2005/2006 season. This years. The site was occupied this season by a pair of FUTURE PLANS Rick Watson directs the Pan Africa Conservation was the 25th season of observations at the birds which successfully fledged a young. We plan to continue supervising existing projects Program with assistance Kransberg colony and 664 occupied nest sites This was the fifth consecutive season of monitoring in Madagascar, Kenya, and Zimbabwe as well as from Cameron Ellis. (where nest building activities occurred and an the Manutsa Cape Vulture colony over an entire sea- evaluate and support small grant projects, as possi- COOPERATORS egg may or may not have been laid) were observed son. Three visits were made to the Manutsa colony: ble, and assess needs and opportunities for new Financial support for this at the colony this year. This is a slight (0.5%) June, August, and October. There were at least 554 projects. No further work is anticipated in Cape program was provided by grants from the increase over the number of occupied sites in the active nest sites this season. This is a substantial Verde. We will evaluate the potential to survey Disney Wildlife Conserva- previous season. Although an increase (1.9%) of increase over the previous year when 454 active nests Niassa Reserve in northern Mozambique as a poten- tion Fund, Paul Tudor active nest sites (where an egg was laid) was also were observed. This is also the highest number of tial hotspot for Teita Falcons and a vast unstudied Jones, II, and important Board support. Genetic observed, the number of breeding pairs was the active nests discovered at this colony during the five area (42,000 km 2) worth research and conservation research is accomplished third lowest number observed in any season for years of observations. Among the active nests, 395 attention. We hope to expand our conservation, by Jeff Johnson and David Mindell of the Uni- which complete data are available (23 years). nestlings fledged. The fledging rate was not statistically research, and training opportunities to additional versity of Michigan. However, the number of young fledged (383) is different from the previous season when 319 nestlings countries in Africa, ultimately developing local the fifth highest in the past 12 years. This value were known to fledge. The number of nestlings fledged capacity throughout the continent and its islands. 24 STAFF IMBABWE PROJECT Rick Watson manages Z the Zimbabwe Project The Peregrine Fund’s RESULTS raptor community studies involving students in in collaboration with partnership with the GOAL The tragic death of Project Manager Ron Hartley Savé Valley Conservancy; Ayre’s Hawk-eagle and Neil Deacon and Zimbabwe Falconers’ in April 2005 necessitated a review of which collabo- Western and Southern-banded Snake Eagle ecology Angus Middleton of Develop local capacity the Zimbabwe Falcon- Club (ZFC) began 23 rations with the ZFC and others in Zimbabwe could using satellite telemetry; and a survey of Niassa ers’ Club. years ago with an inves- for research and be sustained, studies continued, and results pub- Reserve in northern Mozambique as a potential conservation of birds of COOPERATORS tigation of the rare Teita lished to ensure his major contributions are not lost. hotspot for Teita Falcons. We collaborate with Falcon, a species that prey through training, Meetings with Ron’s collaborators showed there  the Zimbabwe Falcon- remains a focus of our exists great capacity, enthusiasm, and interest to con- FUTURE PLANS ers’ Club and the Zim- support, and hands-on babwe Department of program today. Work tinue the work that was being coordinated by We plan to continue our collaborative studies National Parks and conservation. RICA RA F P Wild Life Manage- expanded in the past 15 A T Ron and a continued partnership between The even during this period of political turbulence in N O ment. years to address a wide A R Peregrine Fund and ZFC is highly desirable. Zimbabwe. The goal is to document and gain P Important financial range of raptor research We resolved to help catalog and archive insight into the effects of changing land use due to support was provided C and conservation issues in the region O Ron’s considerable notes and data, publish the government’s human resettlement program. by Paul Tudor Jones, N M A II. In-kind support was S with inquiries into the effects of DDT R his recent data, as possible, and pre- E G provided by The RV O on the Peregrine Falcon and other rap- ATION PR serve his falconry correspondence in Malilangwe Trust, tors, ecology of little-known species, effects The Archives of Falconry. Collaboration Malilangwe-Marula, Mokore Safaris, and of habitat change on raptors, captive breeding of between The Peregrine Fund and ZFC will Humani, Chishakwe, Teita Falcons, and educational programs for stu- continue with ongoing research in Savé Hammond, and Sango ranches in Savé dents. Valley and Malilangwe Conservancies Valley Conservancy. Much of this work has been published in scientific where we are studying the impact of land Fin O’Donoghue pro- and popular journals, and the success of the ZFC in invasions on raptors, and Triangle Estate vided support for stud- ies on falcons and the mobilizing falconers, game ranchers, farmers, and where Angus Middleton is studying the Ayres’ Hawk-eagle. Tri- others to help with raptor conservation and research effectiveness of habitat corridors for main- angle Ltd. supported work by Angus Mid- in Africa serves as a model to others around the taining raptor diversity in an agricultural dleton. Adrian Lom- world. One of the dominant features of working in landscape. Teita Falcon and other raptor bard presented papers Zimbabwe in recent years, however, has been monitoring will continue in Batoka Gorge on behalf of Ron Hart- ley. Angus Middleton, increasing political and social turmoil within the where surveys first began in the late 1980s. Neil Deacon, Peter country and a resulting deterioration in conservation Other ongoing projects include Teita and Mundy (National Uni- versity of Science & ethic. Land resettlement and its associated activities Peregrine Falcon monitoring country- Technology (Zim- in Zimbabwe are precipitating a growing list of wide; long-term monitoring of Wahlberg’s babwe), and Rick threats to raptors and wildlife, as well as challenges Eagles and other raptors Teague provided invaluable professional to accomplishing raptor research and conservation. in Esigodini, as possible; support. The ZFC strives to increase local conservation pesticide monitoring in efforts and research capacity as well as awareness of raptor populations; and raptors through training programs that benefit both publication of results of volunteers and wildlife. Faced with the challenges of breeding Teita Falcons in a swiftly changing country, the ongoing success of captivity. New studies the Zimbabwe Project is testament to the effective- that will be evaluated ness of collaboration and investing in local capacity. include the potential for

A student climbs a tree to check the contents (inset) of a Wahlberg’s Eagle nest in Zimbabwe. Ron Hartley Ron Hartley 25 EAST AFRICA PROJECT GOAL East Africa’s “Cradle of Mankind” supports 83 have been negatively affected. Given the magnitude Conduct raptor research species of diurnal raptors and 21 species of owls, of some of these declines, it is becoming increasingly making it one of the richest raptor areas in the important to monitor raptor populations in all in threatened habitats to world. The region’s unique biodiversity is inextrica- habitats and to re-evaluate their conservation status stimulate interest and bly linked to a spectacular and diverse array of habi- in East Africa. conservation, help tats that harbor a fascinating collage of flora and Since 1992, we have been conducting raptor develop local capacity fauna. Unfortunately, these habitats, along with the research, training, and education programs in the through student training raptors they support, are now threatened by human- region. Our primary goal is to monitor raptor popu- and support, and caused habitat changes such as slash-and-burn agri- lation trends in threatened habitats and use the culture, forest degradation, indiscriminate farming information collected to provide a sound measure of increase public practices, overgrazing by livestock, and desertifica- the state of the habitat and to contribute toward understanding about the tion. While East Africa’s spectacular mega-fauna management and conservation actions. Throughout need to conserve raptors may be confined safely within the realms of income- our work, we have increased our knowledge about and their generating national parks and game reserves, rap- little-known species and created opportunities for RICA R habitats. F AP tors, in particular, are far-ranging species that do not hands-on raptor research, education, and training of A T N O recognize physical and political boundaries. students and others who develop skills in research A R P Ironically, as predators, they fall prey to a variety of and enthusiasm for conservation. human-caused influences. Consequently, the distri- C O  M

Munir Virani RESULTS N bution and abundance of many of these raptors S A R E G Masai Mara Raptor Project—This World RV O ATION PR Heritage Site harbors an unusually high density of wild ungulates that migrate in the millions from Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park each year between July and October. During this period, the Mara’s landscape is littered with dead and dying Above: African Crowned ungulates, causing a feeding frenzy for predators. Eagle. Despite being one of the most well-studied wildlife ecosystems in Africa, knowledge about its raptors is Right: Wildlife areas have virtually non-existent. Over the last two decades, the been converted into Mara and its environs have undergone rapid large-scale wheat farms changes in land use. Wildlife areas have been con- with negative impacts on verted into pastoral settlements and large-scale migrating wildlife and far wheat farms, with negative impacts on migrating ranging predators, such wildlife. In 2005 we completed a second year of sur- as birds of prey. veys to understand (1) how these expanding land uses influence raptor numbers and diversity, and (2) the impact that ungulate migration has on the raptor community. We found that numbers of Martial, Black-breasted, and Long-crested Eagles increased significantly during the migration period when grass cover was reduced through grazing and prey became more visible. In addition, populations

Munir Virani of avian scavengers like Gyps vultures and Bateleur 26 Grey Kestrels were confined mainly to STAFF the Masai Mara The East African Project is reserve, indicating conducted by Simon Eagles significantly increased during the ungulate eagles, we released captive-reared crowned eagles in Thomsett and Munir migration when carrion was plentiful. Species such two different habitat types. The first type was ripari- the dependence Virani. on protected as White-headed Vultures and Grey Kestrels were an forest in Tsavo West National Park where one COOPERATORS confined mainly in the Mara, indicating their captive-bred male paired to breed with a wild female areas. We collaborate with the dependence on protected areas. The more adaptable and they have twice successfully raised one chick. Department of Ornithol- ogy at the National Muse- Augur Buzzards thrived in human-altered habitats Unfortunately, two nesting attempts by a second pair ums of Kenya, Kenya such as pastoral areas and wheat farms. of captive-bred eagles both ended tragically when Wildlife Service, Game African Fish Eagle Studies—The African Fish their chicks were depredated by baboons in 2004 and Ranching Limited Athi River, Hell’s Gate Manage- Eagle is considered an icon of African aquatic 2005. We concluded that though African Crowned ment Committee, Univer- ecosystems. At Lake Naivasha, in the heart of Eagles are able to survive in this habitat, it is less sity of Leicester (United Kingdom), Lake Naivasha Kenya’s Rift Valley, numbers of this species have than ideal due to the presence of nest predators. The Riparian Association, A declined by over 50% since the early 1970s when second habitat in Kitich Forest was considered to be Rocha, Nature Kenya, Her- itage Hotels, and County they were first studied by the late Leslie Brown. ideal, being a dense moist tropical forest located in Councils of Narok, Working in partnership with Leicester University northern Kenya’s Matthews mountain range with Baringo, and Koibatek. (United Kingdom) since 1994, we have been study- some wild African Crowned Eagles already present. Financial support for this project was provided by ing the dynamics of this species to understand the The area is part of a community-based conservation Munir Virani an important anonymous factors that have caused their population decline. initiative where forest land is leased by the local to just one pair. Human attitudes toward this charis- donor. We have found that fish eagle numbers at Naivasha Samburu community for ecotourism ventures. Three matic species are mixed. However, at the request of are dependent on prey abundance, suitable lake- crowned eagles were experimentally released in 2005 the local Pokot community, we will help initiate a shore habitat, and lake water levels. These factors with the blessing of the local community. Early minimal-impact tourism venture that will include are influenced by diminishing rainfall patterns and observations indicate the released eagles are being low-cost traditional accommodation and a vulture human activities such as over-fishing, horticulture, driven out of primary forest by wild eagles into mar- observation blind. We hope this income-generating and unregulated water extraction to provide for ginal areas. Continued observations will determine initiative will provide incentive to protect the nest- Naivasha’s rapidly growing flower farms. Given the whether they survive and breed. ing site of the only known breeding pair of this exponential proliferation of flower farming and Education, Training, and Awareness—We species remaining in Kenya. associated human-induced environmental prob- expanded our raptor biology course this year to  lems, survival of the lake’s African Fish Eagle popu- include lectures in basic biology and field exercises FUTURE PLANS lation would seem to be in jeopardy. However, the in raptor identification and trapping. Local and We hope to duplicate our Masai Mara raptor accidental introduction two years ago of common international students studied and handled both study to include other national parks and communi- carp into the lake is causing another ecological captive and wild raptors at our Athi River Raptor ty-managed game reserves. This will enable park imbalance that is temporarily benefiting fish-eating Facility and attended lectures in student facilities managers to make decisions based on sound science. birds, including fish eagles. Numbers of carp have offered by Game Ranching, Ltd. With the participa- We will continue with our studies on African Fish increased exponentially, causing an increase in tion of Kenya Wildlife Service staff, we successfully Eagles at Lake Naivasha to understand how natural numbers of fish eagles from 100 birds in early 2005 rehabilitated and released five species of raptors that and human-caused changes influence their popula- to 130 birds by mid-November, mainly through included Martial and African Hawk Eagles, both tion. Monitoring of released African Crowned increased breeding and immigration of fish eagles listed as regionally vulnerable. Darcy Ogada’s studies Eagles will continue at Tsavo and Kitich to under- from other areas. How long this will last and with on a highly vulnerable population of Mackinder’s stand how these large forest eagles survive after what long-term effects is unknown. Our studies will Eagle Owls in Central Kenya have shown that release and adapt to marginal habitats. We will con- continue to obtain a better understanding of fish human activities and negative attitudes toward owls tinue to stimulate interest in raptor research eagle behavior and population dynamics in a com- remain significant impediments to owl conservation through training and publication of popular and plex and changing landscape. in human-dominated landscapes in Kenya. peer-reviewed articles. The prevalent insecurity in African Release—To develop Bearded Vultures in Kenya now occur only in the Kenya will require us to continually review research practical solutions for successful release of forest Cherangani Hills where the population has declined efforts and priorities. 27 MADAGASCAR PROJECT GOAL “A Place Beyond Imagination” aptly describes Eagle, Madagascar Serpent-eagle, and Madagascar RESULTS Prevent the extinction of Madagascar, truly one of the most remarkable natu- Red Owl. The latter two species were rediscovered The Madagascar Project has two major project ral areas in the world. This moniker is appropriate by our biologists in the of northeastern sites. One is in the western central part of the coun- endangered raptors, assist considering the island’s unique biological diversity Madagascar. The fish eagle occurs in low numbers try where the Madagascar Fish Eagle and Wetlands in the conservation of evolved from150 million years of isolation from only on the western side of the island along rivers, Conservation Project is based at three lakes: essential habitat, and continental Africa. The remoteness of this, the lakes, mangroves, and offshore islands. Befotaka, Soamalipo, and Ankerika. The lakes are develop local capacity for world’s fourth largest island, has resulted in the evo- The Peregrine Fund began work in Madagascar inhabited by 11 territorial pairs of fish eagles, about conservation using lution of species that exist nowhere else and has led in 1990 to help conserve endangered birds of prey 10% of the global breeding population. In 2005, the Madagascar’s rare and it to be listed as one of the world’s most important and their critical habitat. Since then, we have government approved the first-ever 10-year local biodiversity conservation “hot-spots.” The need for helped create Madagascar’s largest national park to resource management contract with two communi- endangered birds land and food for protect 210,000 ha of ty associations (FIZAMI and FIFAMA) created and RICA R of prey as a F AP A T human survival are habitat for trained by The Peregrine Fund. This was an impor- N O focus. A R the most serious the Madagascar tant accomplishment and an honor for the two P threats to Serpent-eagle, associations since they were the first local organiza- C Madagascar’s bio- Madagascar Red Owl, tions given the opportunity to manage their own O N M S A diversity today. The and species unique to natural resources. We continue to provide training, R E G RV O Malagasy govern- Masoala Peninsula. We logistical, and financial assistance to the two associa- ATION PR ment and people real- pioneered community- tions and local authorities to help manage their wet- Right: Andranobe Field ize that investing in the based conservation to land and forest resources on a sustainable basis. Station, built in 1991 by The island’s unique nature protect critical wetland Among the Madagascar Fish Eagles inhabiting the Peregrine Fund for rainforest might be the best way to habitat shared by three lakes, 10 pairs attempted to nest and fledged raptor research, now also ensure their country’s Madagascar Fish Eagles seven young in 2005. These, and the eight young

serves as an outpost for natural heritage and Russell Thorstrom and local Sakalava fish- fledged in 2004, were the largest number of young Masoala National Park wealth. Among raptors, Madagascar is home to 24 ermen. We conducted first-ever studies on all of fledged per year since we began studies in 1991 and guards. species, of which 13 are found nowhere else, and Madagascar’s little-known raptors, and we contin- we believe this is a measure of conservation success. three of these are endangered: the Madagascar Fish ue to provide important information, training, In the region immediately around the lakes, we and assistance to other conservation projects in monitored an additional 11 nesting attempts by fish this region. eagles which fledged six young. This year we also Throughout our 15 years of work we have consis- conducted an offshore fish eagle survey along the tently developed local capacity for conservation northwest coast of Madagascar from June to July, through personnel and student training, education, covering all mangroves, rocky islands, and coastal and assistance. We have supported 14 Malagasy stu- forest edge. We observed 126 individuals of which dents and three students from the U.S. and England 120 were adults, four were sub-adults, and two were at M.Sc. and Ph.D. levels, trained 20 local people as immature birds. This number compares favorably field technicians, and involved others as staff, volun- with similar surveys in 2000 and 1995, and suggests teers, and visiting students. Many of these individu- the fish eagle population is at least stable at this time. als have completed and published studies on Malagasy We also investigated a region north of Besalampy- raptors and other birds, fisheries, lemur ecology, and Melaky that is little studied as it is extremely difficult ethnobotany. This core group of educated and to access. It was identified in our 2004 satellite

Rick Watson Rick trained Malagasy personnel will help ensure conser- imagery study as potentially important fish eagle Masoala National Park, created in 1997 with The Peregrine Fund’s help, now protects the vation persists in perpetuity. We continue to sup- habitat. Our aim was to learn about fish eagle abun- island’s only coastal lowland rainforest, habitat for Madagascar Serpent-eagles, Madagascar port a local Malagasy staff of 25—a key component dance and natural resource use among local commu- Red Owls, and species unique to the peninsula. to preserving Madagascar’s natural heritage. nities to assess whether intervention in the region 28 STAFF Madagascar Cuckoo Hawk nestlings, one of several Russell Thorstrom manages little-known species found only on Madagascar for the Madagascar Project with which we have completed first-ever studies. Lily-Arison Rene de Roland, Jeanneney Rabearivony, Marius Rakotondratsima, Jeanette Rajesy, and a staff in Madagascar who are listed in studying the Torotoroka Scops Owl and is beginning the staff section of this report. to write his thesis. Donatien Randrianjafiniasa is COOPERATORS completing his second field season studying the We collaborate with the Min- nesting ecology of the Madagascar Cuckoo Hawk at istère de L’Environnement et Ambatovaky Special Reserve in the eastern rainfor- des Eaux et Forêts (MEF/DEF), Ministère de l’Enseignement est. He has located two nests with four young during Supérieur (MinSup), and Min- the two seasons. The diet of this secretive raptor has istère de la Recherche consisted predominantly of frogs. Felice Rafarantsoa Appliquée au Développement (MRAD), Association pour la is the first student from the University of Tulear to Gestion des Aires Protégées work with us. He is near completion of his first field (ANGAP), Office National pour l’Environnement (ONE), Uni- season studying the nesting ecology of the Black versity of Antananarivo, Uni- Kite in the southern region of Madagascar, where he versity of Tulear, National Ramsar Committee is currently observing three nests. (CONARAMS), United Nations We published two papers in 2005 on the breeding Educational, Scientific and Cul- tural Organization (UNESCO), Lily-Arison Rene de Roland Rene Lily-Arison biology of Madagascar Kestrels and breeding biolo- Parc Botanique et Zoologique would benefit fish eagle and wetland conservation. A largest blocks of intact lowland rainforest remaining gy of Banded Kestrels from a study conducted on de Tsimbazaza, World Wide reconnaissance trip was made in July to three admin- in Madagascar. It was here in 1993 that we rediscov- Masoala Peninsula by one of our M.Sc. students. For Fund for Nature (WWF-Mada- gascar), Wildlife Conservation istrative districts. In Besalampy district we visited ered the Madagascar Serpent-eagle and Madagascar a second year, Project Manager Lily-Arison Rene de Society, Conservation Interna- two lakes, Amparihy and Sahapy, where we found Red Owl, and in 1997 helped create Madagascar’s Roland taught a one-week course on bird ecology at tional, Ranomafana National three fish eagles and one inactive nest. This is down largest rainforest reserve. Working from Andranobe the University of Tulear. Park, Projét Masoala, Mada- gascar Faunal Group, Durrell from three pairs in 1995 when the areas were last vis- field station on the west side of the peninsula, we  Wildlife Conservation Institute, ited. In Maintirano district we also visited two lakes; have continued to gather natural history and eco- FUTURE PLANS and many others. each had one pair of nesting fish eagles. This area logical information on endangered and poorly- Our future plans in this region include: (1) con- Financial support for this proj- ect was provided by the Liz held the most promise for developing community- known raptors and assist in conservation efforts. tinue to assist the two local associations, FIZAMI Claiborne and Art Ortenberg based wetland conservation due to the interest from This year our field technicians found one pair of and FIFAMA, at the fish eagle and wetlands conser- Foundation, Conservation local and regional authorities. In Morafenobe district Madagascar Serpent-eagles constructing a nest, vation site to help ensure they successfully manage International-Critical Ecosys- tem Partnership Fund, Con- there were several small lakes, but no fish eagles were however several weeks later the pair abandoned the the natural resources they share with Madagascar servation International-Mada- encountered and local residents consistently reported nest for unknown reasons. Blood samples were col- Fish Eagles; (2) consider expanding the effort for gascar, Little Family Foundation, the Sierra Club of their absence from this area. lected from the Madagascar Hawk and the conservation of Madagascar Fish Eagles and wetland Los Angeles, and several We continued to provide learning opportunities Malagasy Scops Owl in this area for genetic analysis. community development in the Besalampy area; (3) important individuals. In-kind for our fish eagle project technicians. This year they We continued to collect Madagascar Harrier dis- study Madagascar Serpent-eagles in the Masoala donations were received from Holohil Systems Ltd and the attended training courses in environmental and edu- tribution and abundance information from region and other poorly-known raptors in eastern Cornell Laboratory of cational planning at a workshop held in Maintirano, throughout Madagascar as part of a survey being rainforests of Madagascar; (4) provide study oppor- Ornithology. The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund is participated in management planning for Ramsar conducted by Conservation International to estab- tunities for new Malagasy students, assisting them in a joint initiative of Conserva- sites at Moramanga, trained with government fish- lish baseline data on all threatened species. their educational experience, and helping them pub- tion International, the Global eries personnel at our fish eagle research camp, and Malagasy student Tolojanahary Andriamalala lish research; (5) provide educational opportunities Environment Facility, the Gov- ernment of Japan, the attended a scientific forum in Tamatave. graduated with his M.Sc. degree on the breeding and experience to our field technicians; and (6) con- MacArthur Foundation, and Our second major site is located in lowland rain- ecology of the Yellow-billed Kite, while Juliot tinue disseminating results and information the World Bank. A fundamen- tal goal is to ensure civil soci- forest on the Masoala Peninsula in northeastern Ramamonjisoa completed his second field season through publications, conferences, meetings, and ety is engaged in biodiversity Madagascar. This roadless region is one of the based at our fish eagle camp in western Madagascar other venues at the national and international level. conservation. 29 he Asia-Pacific TRaptor Conservation Program focuses on rap- tors that occur in the Oriental and parts of the Australasian biogeo- graphic regions. The islands in this area, roughly between GOAL and Conserve species , are notable for their species of lim- in jeopardy through ited range which are research, hands-on particularly vulnerable intervention, and to extinction. There still development of appears to be time to local capacity. save many of the unique raptors and avifauna in

countries like Papua Ltd. photo courtesy of F.R.E.E. New Guinea where there A Philippine Eagle soars over its native tropical forest habitat. is some degree of politi- cal stability, government and NGO interest in con- tinued to monitor 10 pairs of New Guinea Harpy Philippine Eagle Project—The Peregrine servation, and relatively low human population Eagle nests in various stages of the breeding cycle. Fund assists the Philippine Eagle Foundation to STAFF density. The New Guinea and Philippine Projects Student Leo Legra graduated with his B.Sc. Honors conserve and research the Philippine Eagle and Rick Watson directs this program with assistance are described below. Additionally, catastrophic degree based in part on his studies of nest-site other raptors in the 7,000 islands making up the from Cameron Ellis. Bill declines in Gyps vulture populations in South Asia selection and behavioral biology of the New . The organization uses a holistic Burnham serves as a (Indian sub-continent) have resulted in three Guinea Harpy Eagle. He began further hands-on approach to conservation and although it is Trustee on the Philippine Eagle Foundation recently common species being listed as critically training in raptor field studies with Mark Watson involved in captive breeding and release of board. endangered, accounting for half of all raptors in our Student Education Program based in Philippine Eagles, it also monitors wild nests and COOPERATORS worldwide listed in this most precarious state. The Panama, and is expected to continue graduate collects information on other raptors. In some of In Papua New Guinea Asian Vulture Crisis Project is described separately studies thereafter. the poorest communities in the country, the we collaborate with the in the following pages. Foundation operates community assistance pro- Research and Conserva- FUTURE PLANS tion Foundation of  grams to conserve habitats where the eagles are Papua New Guinea, RESULTS We will continue to provide student support, known to exist. Wildlife Conservation Society, Andrew Mack New Guinea Harpy Eagle Project—The training, and guidance in the study of breeding At its captive breeding facility on the island of and Debra Wright, and New Guinea Harpy Eagle is one of the least-known behavior and ecology of several nesting pairs of New Mindanao near the city of Davao the Foundation the people of the Crater Mountain Wildlife Man- large raptors in the world. Despite the species’ size, Guinea Harpy Eagles. Leo Legra will publish his provides tours for up to 300,000 people annually. agement Area. neither its basic biology nor population status were study results, complete hands-on training in raptor Their public education program is focused on the With the Philippine known until our studies began in 1999. Our goals research with Mark Watson in Panama and Belize, news media, schools, and people to raise awareness Eagle, we collaborate are to complete first-ever studies on this mysteri- and possibly begin an M.Sc. program. We will con- and increase conservation efforts. with the Philippine Eagle Foundation and ous forest eagle and develop local capacity for rap- tinue supporting local guides in the search for active The Peregrine Fund will continue to support Jim and Joyce Grier. tor research and conservation through support and nests and we will compare the phylogenetic status of and assist the Philippine Eagle Foundation and Important assistance was provided by Lucia training of New Guinea nationals. This year, field the New Guinea Harpy Eagle with other large forest encourages others to do so as well. Severinghaus. assistants Smith Asoyama and Amos Hatwara con- crowned eagles using molecular genetics techniques. 30 SIAN VULTURE CRISIS PROJECT

A Munir Virani Vultures in the GOAL RESULTS Help prevent the Vulture Population Trends—In 2000, we have for centuries been counted nearly 2,400 occupied Oriental White- icons of devotion, art, extinction of critically backed Vulture nests across 13 vulture colonies in and culture and have endangered Gyps ’s Indus River plains. Since then, we have prospered for millennia vultures in South collected an overwhelming 1,900 dead birds from throughout the region. CIFIC R these colonies, of which 11 are now completely Asia. A AP -P T From a socio-ecological IA O devoid of vultures and only two, Toawala and S R perspective, vultures A Rangpur Canal, harbor remnant breeding birds. function as natural In 2005, vulture numbers continued to decline C

O garbage collectors, N M precipitously at Toawala colony from 418 nests in S A R capable of consuming animal car- E G 2000 to just 40 by the start of the 2005-2006 RV O casses swiftly before they rot and ATION PR breeding season. At Rangpur Canal, from 64 nests spread diseases. located during the 2004-2005 breeding season, only Since the mid-1990s, populations of Gyps vul- 10 now remain. We estimate not more than 100 tures throughout the Indian subcontinent have pairs of this species still exist in Pakistan. This stag- declined at alarming rates to extremely low num- gering population collapse requires urgent remedial bers, resulting in at least three species, Oriental action. With a high adult mortality rate and an aver- White-backed, Long-billed, and Slender-billed age of just one chick produced for every two breed- Vultures, being listed as critically endangered. Our ing pairs, the 2005-2006 breeding season is likely the field and diagnostic investigations proved conclu- final chance to collect vulture nestlings for a captive sively that a pain-killing drug called diclofenac was breeding and restoration program proposed by the cause of this catastrophic population crash. In Worldwide Fund for Nature-Pakistan. South Asia, diclofenac is widely administered to ail- At Nagar Parkar in the remote southeastern tip of ing livestock and when vultures feed on carcasses Pakistan, we monitored a population of Long-billed contaminated with the drug, they die from kidney Vultures for a third year. Numbers of pairs have failure within two to three days. It takes just one plummeted by 64% from 290 in March 2003 to 105 contaminated carcass out of about 250 to cause the in November 2005, following a trend similar to the extent of decline observed over the last decade. With Oriental White-backed Vulture. so few vultures left in the wild, livestock carcasses We have monitored vulture populations for are now consumed by a growing population of dogs, four years in India’s tiger reserves to determine rats, and other scavengers that potentially spread whether they have been equally affected by rabies and other diseases of human health and eco- diclofenac poisoning. If vultures in protected areas nomic importance. feed primarily on wild ungulates, for example from Despite our scientific results being presented in tiger kills, then they may be less often exposed to The sight of a lone early 2004, tangible conservation results have been diclofenac poisoning. However, in Ranthambhore Long-billed Vulture slow to materialize, and vulture populations con- and Bandhavgarh National Parks, populations of on a cliff once occu- tinue to decline. Removal of veterinary diclofenac Oriental White-backed Vultures have become pied by dozens of from the environment and collecting nestlings for extinct while numbers of Long-billed Vultures have vultures symbolizes a captive breeding program are priorities for vul- also declined albeit less dramatically. the recent fate of ture recovery, but the window of opportunity is Conservation Initiatives—Our discovery Gyps vultures across closing fast as the last few vultures die from of diclofenac as the cause of the Asian vulture South Asia. diclofenac poisoning. continued on page 32 31 STAFF The Asian Vulture Crisis Project is continued from page 31 Additional papers were submitted in 2005 on the directed by Rick population crash was a vital contribution to the con- effectiveness of the vulture restaurant, population Watson, assisted by Cameron Ellis, and servation of these species as this knowledge guides trends, and head-drooping behavior of vultures. conducted by Munir all subsequent conservation initiatives. We have used These publications should help convince South Virani and Muham- mad Asim. The Asian this knowledge to reduce mortality by providing Asian governments about the urgency for remedial Vulture Population “clean” food to vultures at our Toawala feeding sta- conservation action. Project website is tion. “Vulture restaurants” have been used in Europe Our work in South Asia has helped shape the maintained by Cameron Ellis. Field and Africa as a conservation tool to sustain vulture lives of many individuals who have dedicated their assistance was pro- populations where food is lacking. The vulture time and energy toward vulture conservation. With vided by Faisal Farid and Jamshed restaurant at Toawala, the first of its kind in South our support, five Master’s students have graduated, Chaudhry. Asia, was established to provide vultures with with some proceeding to doctoral studies abroad. COOPERATORS diclofenac-free food to curb their high mortality. We Our Pakistan Project Manager, Muhammad Asim, Martin Gilbert made were able to show experimentally that by providing a was the proud recipient of the 2005 Disney important contribu- constant supply of clean food, we could reduce, but Conservation Hero Award for Asia for his unstinting tions during 2005, and Patrick Benson not entirely eliminate, vulture mortality from efforts in enabling us to identify the cause of the assisted with the field Munir Virani diclofenac poisoning. Vulture restaurants are there- vulture population crash. work.Genetic studies Oriental White-backed Vultures have been extirpated and are conducted by Jeff fore only a stopgap measure to reduce vulture mor- We participated in making a documentary enti- Johnson and David Long-billed Vultures have declined even inside protected tality until diclofenac is removed from the environ- tled The Last Flight, about the Asian vulture popu- Mindell of the Univer- areas where natural food is available, such as India’s premier ment and captive breeding for species restoration is lation decline and discovery of its cause. This docu- sity of Michigan. tiger reserves. The reserves are too small to save far-ranging reliably established. mentary won numerous international awards, was We work in partner- ship with Nature Con- vultures from diclofenac-contaminated domestic livestock car- An accurate estimate of vulture numbers in the broadcast on Asian television, and catalyzed the servation Pakistan, casses found outside their boundaries. wild is needed to evaluate effectiveness of conserva- Indian government to begin phasing out veterinary World Wide Fund for Nature (Pakistan), tion interventions. Given the vast extent of the Indian diclofenac. Punjab Wildlife subcontinent, it is beyond our 800  Department, National ability to monitor every single vul- FUTURE PLANS Council for Conserva- tion of Wildlife ture colony. Instead, we are using We will continue, as possible, to help establish (NCCW), Bird Conser- 600 Changa Manga the power of the internet to vulture conservation and restoration efforts vation , The recruit vulture enthusiasts from throughout South Asia. Our future work has four Royal Society for the Dholwala Protection of Birds South Asia to locate and monitor aims. We will continue to monitor vulture popula- (United Kingdom), 400 Toawala vulture colonies and add to our tions on the Indian subcontinent to evaluate con- Bombay Natural His- tory Society, and the Asian Vulture Population Project servation results. We will sustain wild vultures at Forest Departments of (AVPP) database. Results are regu- Toawala by providing diclofenac-free food until Rajasthan and 200 Madhya Pradesh larly posted on our website sufficient birds have been collected for captive (Government of Pairs Number of Breeding (http://www.peregrinefund.org/ breeding. We will initiate a public awareness cam- India). 0 vulture/) and allow users to share paign to inform users of the lethal effects of Financial support for 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 current data on the status of Asian diclofenac on vultures. An international meeting this project was received from the Populations of Oriental White-backed Vultures in Gyps vultures. By January 2006, 26 individuals and organized by the Indian government in February Disney Wildlife Con- Pakistan were extirpated by 2003 at two of the organizations had contributed data from 107 vulture 2006 provides hope that the ban of veterinary servation Fund. largest known colonies (Changa Manga and breeding sites. diclofenac may be expected to occur soon. Last, Dholwala), and reduced by 90% at Toawala by Publications, Capacity Building, and we will continue to publish scientific and popular 2005, despite emergency efforts to reduce mortality Awareness—Over the last four years, we have pub- articles to share information with other vulture by feeding diclofenac-free food. lished 14 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals. conservationists worldwide.

32 2005 Memorial Gifts and Bequests he Peregrine Fund is a not-for-profit organization and can only operate through the support of voluntary contributions. During 2005 donations were received in memory of Because no work could have been done without this financial support, the birds truly are in your hands. We are proud to list T the following individuals: the individuals, businesses, organizations, foundations, and agencies who have contributed $100 or more, including gifts of Edith J. Benson George Kotsiopoulos goods or services, during 2005. We regret that space limits us to listing only those who have contributed at that level and above. Paula Cleary Ronald Marchitelli Every donor is very important to us, and your continuing participation makes the programs possible. We thank each and every Dan Cover Cornelius F. McFadden one of you for your partnership. Ed Cummins Luff Meredith T. Halter Cunningham Douglas A. Mollison Meryl Dixon Morlan W. Nelson OR MORE $20,000 Ray Durham Ed Ng Arizona Game and Fish Department Cina and Mark Forgason M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust Leopoldo Garza Alva Nye Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation Grasslans Charitable Foundation Ruth O'Donnell Mutch Scott Goodwin Christopher Restaino Archie W. and Grace Berry Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Z. Wayne Griffin, Jr. National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Virginia Hageman James Nelson Rice The Bobolink Foundation Mr. John Hanes Mr. Carl Navarre Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Johnson Family Foundation The Offield Foundation Stephanie L. Hager Mark Sawyer Foundation The Willard T.C. Johnson Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Paxson Offield Fran Hamerstrom Will Shor Comer Science and Education Mr. Paul Tudor Jones, II Mr. and Mrs. Henry M. Paulson, Jr. Mike Kassens Robert M. Stabler Foundation Mr. and Mrs. David Junkin, II Pfendler Ranches Richard Keane M.D. Stevens Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation, Inc. Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Turner Foundation, Inc. Terry Kohler Robert H. Stewart Foundation Edward W. Rose III Family Fund of U.S. Agency for International Development The Dallas Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Jaco Lacs U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service We hope you will consider The Peregrine Fund Mrs. Patricia Manigault Roy Disney Family Foundation Wasendorf & Associates in your estate planning. Memorial gifts and The Meadows Foundation Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund Arthur H. Weaver Family Trust bequests are placed in our endowment fund Velma V. Morrison and John J. Hockberger ExxonMobil Foundation Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation so that these gifts can permanently support the Eyas Foundation The Harry W. Morrison Foundation, Inc. Julie Ann Wrigley Foundation conservation of birds and their environments. We welcome inquiries about bequests at (208) 362-3716. $10,000-19,999 If you wish to make a provision in your will, The Houston Zoo John and Vicki Swift Burlington Resources the following general form is suggested: Mr. and Mrs. Yvon V. Chouinard Islands Fund Jane Smith Turner Foundation Conservation International-CEPF Mr. and Mrs. Donald Kayser U.S. Bancorp Foundation “ I give, devise, and bequeath to The Peregrine Fund, Inc., an Idaho not-for-profit corporation, Conservation International-Madagascar The Kearny Alliance Josselyn Van Tyne Ornithological Library located on the date hereof at the World Decade Charitable Lead Annuity Trust Lloyd and Julie Kiff The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation Center for Birds of Prey, 5668 West Flying Walter C. Hill and Family Foundation Ledder Family Charitable Trust Wiancko Family Donor Advised Fund of the Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho 83709, the sum of Tim and Karen Hixon Mr. Gary Mullard/Northern Stone Supply Community Foundation of Jackson Hole $______(or specifically described property).” The Tim and Karen Hixon Foundation Jim and Karin Nelson Ms. Conni B. Williams

33 $5,000-9,999 $500-999 AA Enterprises/Gayle Allen Grand Canyon Conservation The Philadelphia Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. Aines Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Kirkman American Paving Fund Mr. H. Charles Price Alaska Bird Observatory Mr. William M. Lane 2005 CHAIRMAN’S CIRCLE MEMBERS Mr. Frank Bond Idaho Power Foundation, Inc. Ms. Faith Kalman Reyes Ms. Susan K. Amicucci Mr. Anthony Lapham We are pleased to honor this year’s Chairman’s Mr. and Mrs. Robert T. The Idaho Statesman and The Tapeats Fund Mr. Blair Anderson Mr. Steven LaRue Gannett Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Skip Anderson Dr. Lee Lenz Circle members. Their unrestricted gifts allow Blakely, III The Teddy Foundation flexible response to changing circumstances Joan and Herb Kelleher Avon Foundation Christine Gempp Love James and Barbara Cimino The Terteling Company and are critical to the organization’s operation. Foundation Charitable Foundation Mr. Frank Baldridge Foundation Texas Parks and Wildlife Mr. and Mrs. A. James Clark The Litman Foundation Bennu The John D. & Catherine Drs. Frederick A. Beland and Susan S. Department T. MacArthur Foundation Beland*+ Mr. Patrick Morel Mr. Robert W. Brach Mr. and Mrs. Peter Davidson The Timken Family Charitable Mr. and Mrs. John Mackiewicz Mr. John R. Bickel* Natural Encounters Conservation Dr. and Mrs. E. Manley Briggs Earth Friends Wildlife Trust Mr. Stuart C. Martin Dr. Richard Bierregaard and Ms. Cathy Foundation Fund Mr. Andrew Bullen Peter T. Toot Mr. David McMahon Dolan* Mr. and Mrs. Tom Nicholson Mr. Kurt Burnham Mr. Kevin A. Finn Tyson Foods, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Gary Boberg* Mr. David C. Carey Melling Family Foundation Ms. Rebecca Gaples and Mr. North American Falconers Mr. and Mrs. Duncan Boeckman* Association Mr. and Mrs. William E. Wade, Jr. Ms. Cynthia D. Collett Mr. and Mrs. George Melling Simon Harrison Mrs. Paul L. Miller Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Brodsky* Patagonia Mr. and Mrs. Brian J. Walton Mr. Roger Crawford Mr. and Mrs. Eric Burgess* Mr. Martin Dawson Mr. Leonard L. Nicholson Mr. Keith P. Carpenter* Mr. and Mrs. Danny Durrance Mr. and Mrs. Robert Parker Mr. and Mrs. Frank T. Curtin* $2,500-4,999 Ms. Carol E. Edwards and Professional Record Management Count Charles de Ganay* Ada County Association of The Fanwood Foundation Magnolia Charitable Trust Mr. John P. Gee Dr. and Mrs. Phil Eldredge Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Quiel Mr. Paul Dickson* Realtors Foundation, Inc. Mr. Jeffrey A. Goodby and Ms. Jan Mr. and Mrs. Forrest E. Mars, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Devon Elstun Mr. Mark Restum Harold S. Eastman* Bank of America L. Deming Mr. and Mrs. Spence Porter Dr. Jay Glass San Antonio Zoological Gardens Mr. Kevin A. Finn*+ Drs. Frederick A. Beland and Hidden Valley Inn & Aquarium Mr. and Mrs. Tom Smylie Ms. Jozeffa Ann Greer Ms. Rebecca Gaples and Mr. Simon Susan S. Beland Scott Higer/Meridian Verterinary Mr. Ed Sherman Harrison*+ Tesoro Petroleum Companies, Inc. Mr. Jack W. Hagan Mr. and Mrs. Eric Burgess Clinic Mr. Joseph R. Shown Mr. Jeffrey A. Goodby and Ms. Jan L. Wallick Family Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Dick Harley Dr. and Mrs. Tom J. Cade Higgins & Rutledge Insurance, Inc. Bailey Smith Fund of the Fidelity Deming*+ Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wallick Mr. and Mrs. John F. Harrigan Conservation International Key Foundation Investments Charitable Gift Mrs. Helen K. Groves* Wells Fargo Foundation Mr. Scott D. Hess Fund Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Luther King Capital Management Mr. Edward H. Harte* Mr. Walter Huston Cunningham St. Bernard's School Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. King* Irving Kohn Foundation, Inc. Idaho National Laboratory Stichting De Harpij Luther King Capital Management*+ through corporate funds from Mr. Rudolph Stutzmann Battell Energy Alliance Mr. and Mrs. Brian Knox* Ms. Catherine G. Symchych Idaho Power Company Mr. David MacGregor Malcolm* $1,000-2,499 Mr. Nick Thomson Institute of Ornithology Mr. Stanley Marcus* Arizona Bureau of Land Edison Electric Institute Minnesota Falconers Association Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Urbano Mr. and Mrs. Forrest E. Mars, Jr.*+ Intermountain Gas Industries Management Fort Lewis College Mr. and Mrs. William Nee Mr. Byron L. Walker Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. McElroy* Foundation Mr. John R. Bickel The Gourmet Rodent Mr. and Mrs. James C. Nelson Mr. Keith Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Douglas J. Wiegley Mr. and Mrs. William Nee* Mr. David L. Woodard Dr. Richard Bierregaard and Great Lakes Falconers Association Ms. Natalie Nicholson Mr. Cliff Kellogg Mr. and Mrs. James C. Nelson* Ms. Cathy Dolan Mr. and Mrs. Jim Zachow Mrs. Helen K. Groves Mr. and Mrs. Walter Parks Mr. and Mrs. Walter Parks* Mr. and Mrs. Gary Boberg Ms. Sheila S. Pera The Hackborn Foundation, Inc. Ms. Sheila S. Pera The Brodsky Charitable Mr. and Mrs. Spence Porter*+ Mr. John Harrell Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Rainwater Foundation Trust Mr. and Mrs. Paul R. Adkins Mr. Raphael Arnaud Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Rainwater* Mr. Edward H. Harte Mr. Sean C. Rice Dr. and Mrs. Bill Burnham Aerie Nature Series, Inc. Ms. Linda S. Arrasmith Ms. Cynthia S. Schotte* Ms. Sharon Cafferty Hewlett-Packard Company Sandpiper Fund Mr. Allen Ainsworth Dr. Janet Jeppson Asimov Mr. and Mrs. David Thomson* LTC Sidney Kent Carnie Mr. and Mrs. Richard Hokin Ms. Cynthia S. Schotte Dr. and Mrs. Kevin Albaugh Asociacion de la Plata Mr. Richard S. Thorsell* Mr. and Mrs. J. Peter Jenny Sierra Club Mr. Ryan Albers Mr. Gerhard Assenmacher Robert and Joan Wallick*+ Mr. and Mrs. Keith P. Carpenter Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. King St. Clair County Community Albertson College of Idaho Mr. and Mrs. Max Ault Mr. and Mrs. Blair Woodall Colorado Division of Wildlife College Mr. David C. Allais Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Bacon The ConAgra Foods Mr. and Mrs. Brian Knox + denotes Patron and Premiere members Foundation Laird Norton Family Fund Mr. Jack M. Stephens Robert and Meridith Allis Mr. and Mrs. Robert Baitinger * denotes multi-year members Mr. Robert Allis Ms. Sylvia Barbarich Mr. and Mrs. Frank T. Curtin Lowry Park Zoological Society Ms. Teresa Swayne The Chairman’s Circle offers memberships at the Ms. Susan M. Allison Barclays Global Investors Count Charles de Ganay of Tampa Mr. and Mrs. David Thomson Premiere ($5,000), Patron ($2,500), and Partner Mr. Erik J. Anderson Mr. William H. Barnaby ($1,000) levels of unrestricted annual gifts. If you Mr. Paul Dickson Mr. David MacGregor Malcolm Mr. Richard S. Thorsell Mr. Todd Anderson Ms. Wendy Barnes would like more information on the Chairman’s Circle, Mrs. Cynthia Marchitelli Weyerhaeuser Company Mr. and Mrs. Harold S. Mr. Niels Peter Andreasen Ms. Laura Barnett please call our membership office at (208) 362-3716. Eastman Mr. Stanley Marcus Foundation Antioch College Mr. and Mrs. Roy N. Bathum EcoFlight Mr. and Mrs. Blair Woodall Mr. Dan Martin Mr. and Mrs. Dave Arellano Mr. and Mrs. Brian E. Battles Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. McElroy Mr. Raul Ducoing Arjona 34 $200-499 BECOME A PARTNER Ms. Barbara Amper Mr. Larry Campbell Mr. Mark Green Mr. and Mrs. Brian Killpack Mr. and Mrs. Don Moser Mr. Mark Ristow The Peregrine Fund Arizona Strip Interpretive Mr. and Mrs. Allen Chaikin Mr. Robert C. Griffin Ms. Patricia R. Korbel Mr. Brian Mutch Mr. and Mrs. William E. Rose depends on contributions Association Mr. Robert Chamberlain Mr. Andrew Gutman Takashi and Reiko Kurosawa Nebraska Wesleyan Dr. Robert Rosenfield Mr. and Mrs. Mark Armstrong Mr. Steve Chitty Hageman Family Foundation Ms. Barbara Lancaster and University Mr. Oscar Ruiz to fund our projects. Our Mr. Allen Asbury and Mr. Lawrence T. Cohen The Halliday Foundation Mr. Ron Vance North Carolina Falconer's Dr. William Satterfield Board of Directors has cre- Ms. Teresa Maylor Mr. and Mrs. Logan Lanham Guild Dr. Charles T. Collins Hawaii Planing Mill Mr. John Savage ated an endowment, the Ms. Beatrice Ashburn Dr. Scott A.B. Collins Foundation Mr. Ray Lappan and Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Ondr Mr. and Mrs. Phil Schmid Mr. Rick Ashworth Mr. and Mrs. John Cook Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Hays Ms. Cathy Kriloff Mr. and Mrs. Jim O'Neil Mr. and Mrs. Roger Allan interest from which funds Ms. Donna Bailey Ms. Marta Curti Mr. and Mrs. William Mr. Hugh M. Lawrence O'Neill Charitable Fund of Schultz our administrative Mr. David N. Ball Heinrich Mr. Stephen Layman The Smith Barney Charitable Mr. and Mrs. Michael Shaw Mr. Peter Devers Trust, Inc. expenses so that 100% of Mrs. Stephanie Herrick Ball Mr. James Henry Ms. Paulette F. Leeper Ms. Catherine C. Simpson Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Ducker Mr. Howard Ory Mr. and Mrs. Hatch Barrett Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Hill Mr. and Mrs. Richard Lueckel Ms. Sue Sontag your donation will be Mr. R. David Duncan Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ms. Anne Bartalamay Mr. and Mrs. Chris duPont Mr. and Mrs. George Hirsch Mr. and Mrs. William Ms. Susan C. Stamm applied directly to our C. MacBride Osterbrink Mr. William Baxter Mr. Donald B. Emery Holohil Systems Ltd./ Dr. Thomas J. Templeton projects. You can make a Mr. Fred Anderka Mr. and Mrs. John Mr. Eric D. Paschal Ms. Lorraine Bazan and Dr. and Mrs. James Ms. Audrey Thompson Hooligans Pub A. Manfuso, Jr. Patuxent Wildlife Research contribution through a Mr. Chris M. Stover H. Enderson Center Ms. Emily Todd Mr. and Mrs. Stephen A. Beebe Mr. and Mrs. John Hoolihan Mr. and Mrs. J. Willard direct gift, at workplace Mr. and Mrs. Gayle Ernest Marriott, Jr. Peasley Transfer & Storage Ms. Sally Tongren Dr. and Mrs. Herbert John Beil Houston Endowment, Inc. 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Mr. and Mrs. Rick Ridgeway Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Killip Mr. and Mrs. Angel Montoya Peregrine Fund by partici- pating in your employer’s $100-199 matching gift program. Linda, Tim, BreAnna, and Ms. Susan Boettger Mr. and Mrs. William Mr. and Mrs. Blake Chapman Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Mr. and Mrs. James Ask your employer how Tyler Behrman Mr. and Mrs. Christopher H. Bryant Mr. Robert Cicchetti J. Cox D. DeWitt Mr. and Mrs. Stanley R. Bell T. Boland Mrs. Helen S. Buchbinder Mr. Ronald G. Clarke Mr. Robert Cronshey Mr. and Mrs. William you can participate. To Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Beltramo Mr. and Mrs. Larry Bomke Ms. Heidi Bunting Mr. and Mrs. David W. Clary Mrs. Virginia Cummins L. Dickerson donate directly to The Ms. Susie Dillon Ms. Edith J. Benson Ms. Kathleen Bond Ms. Kim S. Caldwell Ms. Mary E. Clemesha Mr. Alan Czarnowsky Peregrine Fund, please Ms. Judy Bernhard and Ms. Kara G. Boudreau and Ms. Caroline Callery Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Daily Dina's Deli and Bakery Mr. and Mrs. David Cochran use the envelope inside Mr. Byron Spooner Mr. Richard M. Hurd Mr. Geoffrey D. Cant Mr. Edward M. Coffman Mr. Robert M. Dalton Ms. Martha Lyn Dippell Mr. James A. Bevis Boyd Family Dr. John Cant and Dr. Ann Ms. Esther Coke Mr. and Mrs. Paul D'Andrea Mr. and Mrs. Les Doak this annual report or join Biblioteca Armando Dugand Mr. and Mrs. Stan Brashear Finlinson Mr. Robert E. Coleman Ms. Elaine N. Daniel and Mr. John Dolinsek via our web site at Mr. Paul Bicknell Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bredin Dr. Steven B. Care Mr. Bob Collins Mr. James A. Bailey Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. Doncheck www.peregrinefund.org. Mr. and Mrs. Bliss Bignall, Jr. Mr. William J. Breed Mr. and Mrs. Lee A. Casebere Ms. Janet Tom Collins Mr. Darren Davis Mr. and Mrs. John Dorn Ms. Marga Biller Ms. Karen D. Brender Mr. Thomas Castellane Mr. Bill Consiglio Mr. and Mrs. William Davis Ms. Bonnie J. Douglas Mr. Steven G. Black and Mr. Duncan B. Brown Mr. and Mrs. George Dr. E. Newbold Cooper Mr. Dexter Defibaugh Ms. Wendie A. Wulff Cawthon Mr. Michael Downes Mr. and Ms. William P. Brown Dr. Jerald L. Cooper Mr. Adrian M. Delmont Rolinda and Al Bloom Ms. Vija Celmins Mr. William C. Drummond Mr. and Mrs. John D. Brown Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Copeland Delta Interest, Inc. Ms. Dana Bochte Dr. and Mrs. David Challinor Mr. and Mrs. C. Bert Dudley Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Brown George and Helen Cornell Mr. John W. Denton A Member of continued on page 36 Earth Share 35 $100-199 DONORS (continued from page 35) Duggan Library Mr. James F. Gilpin Mr. Walter Imfeld, III Ms. Cindy A. Lewis and Ms. Barbara O'Brien Mr. and Mrs. Randy Rice Mr. William Terry Mr. John C. Dukat Mr. John Glick Impact Photographics Mr. Mark F. Holland Mr. Mike O'Callaghan Ms. Sarah Richards Mr. and Mrs. John B. Testa Mr. Nick Dunlop Ms. Catharine E. Gloth Mrs. Lesley V. Ingves-Hooke Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Lilly Mr. Michael Ochs Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Richardson Mr. Robert J. Teufel Mrs. Brigette Dusack Mr. Robert Gold Mr. and Mrs. Walter E. Iveson Mr. and Mrs. James R. Lincoln Ohio Falconry Association Mr. Ray Rickard Mrs. Dwight C. Thompson Mr. Wade Eakle Mr. and Mrs. Eric Goodman Mr. Richard Jacobs Mr. and Mrs. Jeff B. Lord Mr. and Mrs. William Mr. and Mrs. John Rigby Mrs. Beverley Thorne Mr. and Mrs. Boyd L. Earl Ms. Lauren E. Gordon Mr. David Jamieson Mr. R. Dennis Lund S. O'Keefe Mr. Peter Ringgold Mr. Jerry Thorstrom Mrs. Susanna C. Easton Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Mr. Joseph R. Jehl, Jr. Ms. Claire Lupton Ms. Kathleen Orlenko Mr. Mark E. Robert Mr. John Tierney Mr. and Mrs. William M. Edison L. Gordon Mr. and Mrs. Brent Jennings Dr. William MacLeod, Jr. F. Edward and Jeanne Rocky Mountain PGA Mr. and Mrs. Al Trager The Roger W. Eisinger Family Grand Circle Field Institute Mr. Larry Jensen Mr. and Mrs. Craig Madsen P. Osborne Family Foundation, Inc. Transglobe/Gandwana Films Foundation, Inc. Trust Mr. Robert Graves Mr. and Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup Ms. Ruth C. Magar Ms. Karen T. Rodriguez Dr. Charles Trost Mr. John M. Ourisman Ms. Catherine Elliott Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Mr. and Mrs. David F. Jesus Ms. Amy Maguire Mr. Wilfredo Rodriguez Mr. John A. Trunnell Mr. Mandell J. Ourisman Mr. and Mrs. Roy Ellsworth J. Grazaitis Mr. David L. Johnson and Mr. and Mrs. Gerald A. Maka Mr. Ronald Rogacki Mr. and Mrs. David R. Turner Mr. and Mrs. Michael Palmer Ms. Barbara C. Elwood Mr. Donald Gregory, Jr. Ms. Anne Nobles Mr. and Mrs. Bill Maney Mr. Bill Ross Mr. and Mrs. Ben Tuttle Mr. Richard Palmer Emirates Falconers' Club Mr. Norman E. Gribbins Ms. Catherine C. Jones Richard Mangrich Mr. R. Thomas Ross Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Mr. and Mrs. Leland Endres Mr. John E. Grimm Dr. H. Lee Jones Ms. Susan A. Mansfield Mr. Everett C. Parker Mr. and Mrs. Charles Rubens, II M. Unfried Ms. Dianne Engleke Ms. Madeleine Joyce Hagen Mr. John Marvin Jones, II Mr. Majid Al Mansouri Ms. Tammy L. Parker Mr. Gary G. Ruhser and University of North Carolina, Mr. David English Gilbert and Margot Hahn Ms. M. Louise Jones Mrs. Harry Martens, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Doug Parks Mrs. Jean C. Ruhser Pembroke Mr. Walter English Haimish Holding, Inc. Ms. Valerie M. Jones Ms. Kathryn Martin Ms. Amanda Patchin Samsung Austin Mr. Roger Upton Mr. Richard A. Escutia Mr. Arthur Hall Dr. and Mrs. Craig L. Jordan Mr. Paul Martin Ms. Ethel M. Patterson Semiconductor Mr. George T. Urdzik and Ms. Dianne Eshbach Dr. and Mrs. John D. Hallahan Ms. Jennifer Jordan Mr. Brian McDonald Ms. Stacey Patterson Mr. and Mrs. Calvin E. Sandfort Ms. Pamela Horton Mr. George T. Esherick Mr. James Hallisey Mr. William F. Jordan Mr. Glenn McEnroe Mr. Gregory Pavelka Joseph and Ellen Sanford Mr. Maureen Vanek Mr. Floyd B. Eutsler Mr. and Mrs. Philip Hamilton Mr. Paul Juergens Ms. Cynthia McMurray Mr. and Mrs. John Peaden Mr. G. Brett Saunders Dr. Pieter J. Vermeer Richard and Rebecca Evans Ms. Kathryn Hampton Mr. Hank Kaestner Mr. and Mrs. Michael Mr. Gordon L. Pedrow Mr. Michael V. Scalzo Mrs. Emily Wade Foundation Dr. E. A. Hankins, III Ms. Meagan Kaiser McRoberts Ms. Rosemary Pendergast Ms. Jacqueline Schafer Dr. George Wade Mr. and Mrs. Norval Ms. Linda Hardin Dr. Alexander Kalogerakis Mr. Michael P. McSweeney Ms. Sara Jean Peters Dr. William Scheible Mr. Robert Waite C. Fairman Mr. and Mrs. Donald Mr. and Mrs. Junior Kerns Mr. and Mrs. George H. Mead Mr. and Mrs. Rudolf Petersen Mr. and Mrs. Joel Schick Mr. and Mrs. Lothar F.Warneke Mr. David Farner and Harenberg Mr. Alex Kilner Ms. Georgann Meadows Mr. and Mrs. Len Peterson Mr. Frederick D. Schroeder Ms. Katherine Jeschke Mrs. Winifred Washco Mr. and Mrs. Roger Haugen Mr. and Mrs. Philip Kinney Ms. Sara Megling Mr. and Mrs. Robert Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Selig Mrs. George Fearing A. Peterson Ms. Linda Watkins Mr. and Mrs. Larry Hays Mr. and Mrs. Mel Lee Kirksey Dr. Heinz Meng Dr. Carol Selvey Mr. James Ferris Mrs. Virginia C. Petura Mr. and Mrs. Arnold Watson Dr. Alison M. Hazel and Mr. and Mrs. Ken Kitson Mr. Andrew Mergens Ms. Sara Seyal Mr. Herbert E. Fletcher Mr. Michael J. Gefell Pheasant Farms, LLC Ms. Caroline Webber Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Klabunde Mr. and Mrs. Davis Merwin Mr. Jack D. Shannon Drs. Greg and Tracy Florant Mr. and Mrs. Ross Heald Mr. Douglas Pineo Ms. Mary Weigel Ms. Karen S. Kleehammer Ms. Katie Michel Mr. William R. Shealy, Jr. Mr. David Fluri Mrs. Mimi Heiberg Ms. Laurama Pixton Mr. and Mrs. Leslie S. Weiss Ms. Cheryl Kleinbart Mr. and Mrs. Rufus L. Miley Mr. and Mrs. Peter Sheldon Mr. John F. Flynn Mr. Tero Helin Ms. Louise Plank Welch Hawking Club Ms. Karen Kluge and Mr. Terry Mr. Lawrence Miller Ms. Amy Siedenstrang and Ms. Pam Flynn Mr. Donald E. Henn Rosenmeier Mr. and Mrs. Michael K. Miller Col. and Mrs. Walter Mr. Jake Ellis Western Sporting Publications W. Plummer Mrs. Peggy Foley Mr. Joachin J. Hermann Ms. Kris Knoernschild and Mr. David Mindell Ms. Marion Simpson Dr. James Wetzel, Jr. Dr. Bruce Poland Mr. Dallas D. Ford Mr. Austin Herrmann Mr. Mark Murzin Mr. and Mrs. Walt Minnick Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Sipple Mr. Henry Wiggin Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Pomarius Dr. Nicholas Christopher Fox Mrs. Barbara Hess Mr. Jeff Kolb Ms. Elsie Mogck Mr. and Mrs. Dennis P. Sleeper Mr. and Mrs. George Williams Mr. C. Donald Powers Mr. Scott Francis Ms. Arlene Hester Mr. and Mrs. William Kolb Mr. Dan Monroe Ms. Donna Smith Mr. Harold Williams Mr. and Mrs. David Frank Mr. Vaughan Hetem Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Kressly Mr. and Mrs. Donald Ms. Jennifer Speers Ms. Jeanne Williams Mr. D. Troy Moritz M. Powers Ms. Linda Fraser Ms. Corinne Hewett Ms. Connie Kulik Mr. and Mrs. Ray Stark Ms. Maxine A. Winer Ms. Kellie J. Morrison Dr. Tasha Pravecek Mr. and Mrs. James H. Frazier High-Tech Falconry Mr. Edwin B. Kurtz Dr. and Mrs. William A. Morton Mr. Charles Stewart and Mr. John Winn Mr. Gary French Ms. Helen I. Hodges Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Dr. Nancy M. Carmichael Mr. Tom Witherington Lab of Forestry Management Mr. and Mrs. Alan Mountjoy- W. Prestfeldt Ms. Bernadette M. Frieh Mr. and Mrs. William Mr. and Mrs. Edward Stimpson Mr. Edmund J. Wlodarczyk Mr. and Mrs. David M. Labiner Venning Mr. Jay A. Pruett Mr. and Mrs. Roy F. Frock, Jr. K. Hoffman Mr. and Mrs. Regis C. Stirling Mr. and Mrs. Richard Wolf Mr. and Mrs. Brian P. LaMay Dr. Margit G. Muller Purdue University Libraries Mr. Gary Fry and Ms. Lynn Honeywell Hometown Mr. John Lamb Mrs. Marilyn S. Murphy Mr. Charles R. Stirrat Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Wood Solutions Mr. and Mrs. Peter A. Quincy Dinelli Mr. James Lambe Mr. and Mrs. Amel Mustic Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Street Mr. and Mrs. Dale C. Woolley Mr. Ken Hooke Mr. and Mrs. Fred Raje Mr. and Mrs. Frank Fuerst Mr. Arlen Lancaster Mr. and Mrs. Bob Mutch Mr. Karl H. Striedieck Mr. and Mrs. William Mr. Blake Hopkins Mr. and Mrs. Randy Rasmussen Mr. and Mrs. Brian Gallagher Mr. and Mrs. Bertrand Latil Mr. and Mrs. Peter Mygatt Mr. Tom Strikwerda L. Woolley Mr. Val T. Howard Mr. Brad Ratcliff Mr. Tom C. Gallagher Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Lawin Mr. Robert W. Nahas Mr. Scott K. Stuart and Mr. Pete Woolson Ms. Carole Hughes Mr. Peter Ray Ms. Brenda L. Meltebeke Mr. and Mrs. Tony Galvan Ms. Carol N. Lawrence Mrs. Patricia Antoinette Neff Wyoming Falconers Mr. George W. Huguely, III Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Ray Mr. Stephen W. Subber Association Mr. Stephen Gatti Mr. George Lawrence Ms. Pamela Negri Mr. John Humphreys Mr. Bayard D. Rea Mr. and Mrs. David Mr. Chris Yadon Mr. and Mrs. Richard Gidner Ms. Connie Leavitt Dr. R. Wayne Nelson L. Barrie Hunt Mr. Ken Reid W. Swetland Ms. Susan Yanchuck Mr. and Mrs. John A. Gifford Mr. Ed Levine and Ms. Julie Dr. Arthur Neuburger Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Mr. Richard K. Reise Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Taylor Mr. Leonard Young Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Giles Mulholland Mrs. Russell L. Nicholson R. Huntington Mrs. Karen Heiberg Reuter Mr. and Mrs. Robert Temple Ms. Betty C. Youngblood Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Ms. Paula Norwood 36 M. Levine Dr. Reto Zach BALANCE SHEETS • 30 SEPTEMBER 2005 AND 2004 Foundations $2,763,262 ASSETS 2005 2004 CURRENT ASSETS Corporations $59,000 Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,207,294 $ 1,056,578 Tours/Admissions $62,678 Merchandise inventory 30,685 32,094 Sales $97,339 Grants receivable 113,000 79,750 Pledges and other accounts receivable 60,993 24,821 Prepaids and other current assets 45,061 21,030 INCOME Investment Income $418,826 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 1,457,033 1,214,273 In-Kind Donations $578,422 PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT, AND ARCHIVES Land 1,513,000 1,513,000 Land improvements 693,045 686,545 Buildings 4,160,061 4,160,061 Individual Gifts $874,554 Trailers 222,396 222,396 Equipment and vehicles 864,979 896,965 Fixtures and displays 699,241 699,241 Construction in progress 3,147 0 Government 8,155,869 8,178,208 Grants/Contracts $1,319,588 Accumulated depreciation (3,260,015) (2,988,122) 4,895,854 5,190,086 Archives 1,785,916* 741,251 6,681,770 5,931,337 Species ENDOWMENT ASSETS Restoration $2,536,065 Cash 13,517 15,949 Investments 8,943,532 8,304,424 Membership $80,997 8,957,049 8,320,373 Fund Raising $125,274 $17,095,852 $15,465,983 Administration $149,063 EXPENSE LIABILITIES & FUND BALANCES 2005 2004 Education/ (Excludes Capital Costs) CURRENT LIABILITIES Information $759,726 Accounts payable $ 135,451 $ 150,169 Accrued taxes and expenses 15,248 9,933 Conservation Deferred restricted revenue 353,985 104,746 Programs $2,036,078 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 504,684 264,848

FUND BALANCES Unrestricted operating fund 947,349 949,425 Restricted endowment fund 8,962,049 8,320,373 Investment in property, equipment and archives 6,681,770 5,931,337 Many organizations and individuals contribute materials TOTAL FUND BALANCES 16,591,168 15,201,135 at no cost or at cost. Services contributed have been recorded at $17,095,852 $15,465,983 the amount it would have cost The Peregrine Fund. * Assets were adjusted for Archives not recognized in previous The Peregrine Fund’s financial statements are audited by Eide Bailly LLP, and the organization received an unqualified opinion for years. The net result was an increase in Archives assets of the year ended September 30, 2005. Copies of the audited financial statements are available from The Peregrine Fund. $584,848. 37 “Approach — ” © Robert Bateman • Courtesy of the artist and Mill Pond Press, Inc., Venice, Florida 34285 Fax Web Site Web Non-Profit Non-Profit Organization PAID U.S. POSTAGE PERMIT NO. 606 BOISE, ID 83709 (208) 362-3716 (208) 362-3716 (208) 362-8687 (208) 362-2376 E-mail Address E-mail Address Business Office Business Office [email protected] [email protected] Interpretive Center Interpretive http://www.peregrinefund.org Ruth O. Mutch Investor Carl E. Navarre CEO, Book Publisher and Inc. MyPublisher, Peter G. Pfendler Rancher Lucia Liu Severinghaus, Ph.D. Fellow Research Center for Biodiversity Research Taiwan Turner R. Beauregard Fish and Wildlife Manager Enterprises Turner Sr. Russell R. Wasendorf, Chairman and CEO, Inc. Financial Group, Peregrine James D. Weaver President, Grasslans Charitable Foundation and Rancher Jr. Widener, P.A.B. Rancher and Investor UND F Caroline A. Forgason Caroline Partner, LLC Group Groves-Alexander Jr. Samuel Gary, President, Inc. & Associates, Jr. Samuel Gary, Griffin, Jr. Z. Wayne Developer, G&N Management, Inc. Johnson IV Robert Wood Chairman and CEO, Inc., The Johnson Company, Jets LLC and New York Donald R. Kayser Private Investor Jacobo Lacs International Businessman and Conservationist Patricia B. Manigault Conservationist and Rancher Carter R. Montgomery and CEO, President Longhorn Partners Pipeline Morrison V. Velma President, Morrison Foundation Harry W. EREGRINE P HE T IRECTORS OF Robert B. Berry Charitable Foundation, Creek Wolf Trustee, and Conservationist Falcon Breeder, Rancher, Harry L. Bettis Rancher Ph.D. Dee Boersma, P. Endowed Chair Wadsworth in Conservation Science University of Washington Frank M. Bond Attorney at Law and Rancher Robert S. Comstock and CEO, President Robert Comstock Company Scott A. Crozier President, Senior Vice General Counsel, and Secretary INC PETsMART, Patricia A. Disney Chairman, Vice Holdings, Inc. Shamrock James H. Enderson, Ph.D. Emeritus of Biology Professor The Colorado College D OARD OF B Tom J. Cade, Ph.D. J. Cade, Tom Founding Chairman and Director Emeritus of Ornithology, Professor Cornell University Roy E. Disney Chairman of the Board, Emeritus, and Director Chairman of the Board, Holdings, Inc. Shamrock Paxson H. Offield Chairman of the Board, Emeritus, and Director Chairman of the Board and CEO, Santa Catalina Island Company Henry M. Paulson, Jr. Chairman of the Board, Emeritus Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Inc. The Goldman Sachs Group, Julie A. Wrigley Chairman of the Board, Emeritus, and Director Chairman and CEO, Investments LLC Wrigley Officers and DirectorsOfficers Directors 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane 5668 West Idaho 83709 Boise, of America United States The Peregrine Fund The Peregrine of Prey Birds Center for World Ian Newton, OBE, FRS, FRSE Chairman of the Board and Director (Ret.) Senior Ornithologist Natural Environment Council Research United Kingdom Lee M. Bass Chairman of the Board Vice and Director President, Lee M. Bass, Inc. William A. Burnham, Ph.D. and Director President J. Peter Jenny President Vice J. Hixon Karen and Director Treasurer Conservationist D. James Nelson and Director Secretary Chairman of the Board, Emeritus President, Nelson Construction Company