I L'ironie Cynique

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I L'ironie Cynique Université PARIS 8 Vincennes – Saint-Denis École doctorale Pratiques et théories du sens Laboratoire d’études et de recherches sur les logiques contemporaines de la philosophie Doctorat en philosophie Pascal ZOSS I L’IRONIE CYNIQUE UNE SUBJECTIVATION SANS PARTAGE Thèse dirigée par Stéphane DOUAILLER et soutenue le 26 juin 2017 Jury Stéphane DOUAILLER (Paris 8) Jacinto LAGEIRA (Paris I) Anne SAUVAGNARGUES (Paris 10) Patrick VAUDAY (Paris 8) Pour G. et A. RÉSUMÉ L’ironie cynique Une subjectivation sans partage Les pratiques performatives de l’art, en particulier celles des années soixante à soixante-dix, présentent en leurs actes excessifs, corporels, une forme de subjectivation politique qui invite à reprendre la « voie courte » du cynisme antique hors des interpré- tations fdèles au telos philosophique du « mieux vivre », du « bien » ou du « juste ». Cette rencontre oblige à dégager du rapport anecdotique ou documentaire une compréhension de la matérialité des actes, de leur résistance à toute leçon rapportée après coup, bref à interroger obstinément leur reste. D’autre part, en saisissant l’inclusion et l’exclusion sociales comme le résultat de la naturalisation solidarisée des uns et des autres, de la discrimination des capacités et des incapacités naturelles, la mise à l’épreuve de cette solidarité devient le point nodal de la question égalitaire. Les actes cyniques dessinent alors les lignes qui laissent envisager la subjectivation dans le constant retrait du sujet de son assimilation normative ou policière. L’ironie marque sans relâche ce processus en dissimulant le sujet à l’ombre de ses actes, comme la ruse d’une identification à la nature incompétente de l’exclu. C’est en effet en amplifiant la représentation naturelle de l’exclusion, en lui apportant la plus grande densi- té matérielle, que la subjectivation cynique ouvre une béance à la frontière qui sépare les propriétés des inclus et des exclus. Et cette béance qui décharge l’auteur de toute subjec- tivité, de l’obligation de fonctionner dans le régime policier de l’inégalité, donne son lieu au désir sans sujet, celui précisément que présuppose l’égalité des sujets. MOTS-CLÉ cynisme – Diogène – politique – égalité – exclusion – naturalisation – subjectivation – ironie – art – perfor- mance – actionnisme ABSTRACT Cynical Irony A political subjectivation with no distribution The performative art practices, especially those of sixties and seventies, present a form of political subjectivation within their excessive and body acts, which invites us to resume Ancient Cynicism’s « short route », out of the interpretations that were faithful to the philosophical telos of « better life », « good » or « right ». This conjunction is a compelling call for achieving, beyond the anecdotal or documentary report, a wider understanding of the materiality of acts, of their resistance to any reported lesson and, ultimately, to restessly question their remainder. Furthermore, when grasping the social inclusion and exclusion as the result of cohe- sive naturalization, of discrimination of natural abilities and inabilities, the actual testing of this solidarity reaches the core of the equalitarian question. Then, cynical acts draw the outline which let consider the subjectivation within the constant withdrawal of the subject from his normative or « police » assimilation. Irony relentlessly leaves its marks on this pro- cess by hiding the subject in the shadow of his acts, as the ploy of an identification to the incompetent nature of the excluded one. It is indeed by amplifying the exclusion’s natural representation, by giving it the biggest material density, that the cynicism subjectivation opens a gap between the belongings of included and excluded ones. And this gap, which relieves the author of any subjectivity, of the obligation to operate within the « police » regime of inequality, gives its place to the desire with no subject, that very one precisely presupposed by the equality of subjects. KEY WORDS cynicism – Diogène – politics – equality – exclusion – naturalization – subjectivation – irony – art – perfor- mance – actionism Remerciements À Stéphane Douailler, mon directeur de recherche, qui a acquiescé à mon projet en- core à l’état de balbutiement, qui l’a accueilli au sein du LLCP de Paris 8, là où précisément je souhaitais le développer malgré la distance géographique, à celui qui m’a placé face à ma responsabilité de pensée et d’écriture, j’exprime mes remerciements. À ceux qui ont convié mon travail à la discussion, ou à l’édition, à Eric Allier, Antonia Birnbaum, Michel Blancsube, à ceux qui ont accepté de composer le jury de soutenance, à Jacinto Lageira, Anne Sauvagnargues et Patrick Vauday, j’exprime ma profonde recon- naissance. À Danièle Roussel qui, dès les prémisses de cette recherche, m’a encouragé de son amitié, par le partage de sa passion pour l’œuvre d’Otto Muehl, qui m’a offert sans comp- ter son temps, j’exprime mes vifs remerciements. À tous ceux qui ont accepté d’ouvrir les archives de leur institution ou leur collection, indispensables à la connaissance de l’œuvre d’Otto Muehl, qui ont accueilli ma recherche avec confiance et intérêt ou qui l’ont facilitée de leur aide précieuse, à Eva Badura-Triska, Marie-Therese Hochwartner et Alexandra Pinto (mumok), à Hubert Klocker et Amalia Rausch (Sammlung Friedrichshof), au collectionneur et galeriste Philip Konzett, à Marie Röbl (Sammlung Westlicht), à Susan Flanagan et Debbie Menzies (Getty Research Insti- tute), à Brigitta Burger (sixpackfilm), à Edith Schlemmer et Georg Wasner (Österreichisches Filmmuseum), je témoigne ma sincère gratitude. Au photographe Edouard Curchod, dont la grande expérience m’a permis d’interpré- ter correctement mes observations, j’exprime mes remerciements amicaux. À Christine qui a encouragé dès la première heure ce travail, comme à Loraine qui l’a soutenu sans faiblir de sa présence affectueuse et de son immense patience, je ne saurai dire combien leur écoute fut précieuse. Enfin, à celle qui a assuré la relecture de mon travail, qui a accepté d’y engager sa grande rigueur littéraire, à Mary-Laure, vont mes remerciements fraternels. Étant donné le droit imprescriptible de l’homme à se doter à tout instant de droits humains – droits que ne possède pas l’animal, observons-le ! –, nul n’empêchera le rat de se doter, s’il appert qu’il le désire sincèrement, de droits ratiers dont il jouira, s’il lui chaut, en toute ratitude plénière voire pléni-piétudiniaire – et ce, sans entamer le droit pour l’homme – et pour la femme – de se déclarer des droits de l’homme dont le premier consiste à pouvoir à tout mo- ment changer de droits de l’homme sur simple décision de l’homme seul pourvu qu’il soit à cet égard et à cet effet en face de lui-même et doublement présent en titre ! Il en sera ainsi par la suite du droit des choses chosiques comme par exemple de se couper ma tête en sortant : en ne se disant, par exemple, plus homme mais êtrumain, omninal-omni- dé, homéo-unimien, onimal de dé, animal de Déo, urlubu- rien, omnirien, ublilibidien, ubiblidunien, homéo-ousien, ulien, inrien, urlibudien, ulibulibidien… Valère Novarina, La Scène. Table des matières PRÉSENTATION ........................................................................................................................................... 17 OUVERTURE : Le peuple en regard ..................................................................................................... 21 PREMIÈRE PARTIE ENTRÉE ET SORTIE PAR LES CAVES À RATS CHAPITRE I : Espace commun, figuration, représentation ...................................................... 29 I. L’impossibilité fgurative, p. 29 — II. Exclusion et représentation, p. 32 — III. La pédagogie et la faccidité du coq, p. 36 — IV. Solidarisation de la fguration et de la représentation, p. 40 — V. La falsification du sujet, p. 41 Œuvres reproduites ................................................................................................................................. 46 CHAPITRE II : L’exposé et son spectacle ............................................................................................ 49 I. Le spectacle désaccordé ou la disjonction du kosmos et de l’opsis, p. 49 — II. Précarisation de l’exposé, p. 55 — III. La génération et la corruption du vivant, p. 59 — IV. L’occasion spectacu- laire, p. 63 — V. Le public désagrégé, p. 65 — VI. L’obligation théâtrale, p. 69 Œuvres reproduites ................................................................................................................................. 75 CHAPITRE III : L’exposé documentaire ............................................................................................. 83 I. Le secours anecdotique et l’indifférence, p. 83 — II. Le geste déplacé dans la leçon documen- taire, p. 87 — III. L’exposé photographique, p. 90 — IV. Le protocole désœuvré, p. 97 — V. Les résidus de la Materialaktion, p. 101 Œuvres reproduites ................................................................................................................................. 111 CHAPITRE IV : Le peintre et son modèle ........................................................................................... 129 I. Le silence du chien, p. 129 — II. La nouvelle alliance, p. 134 — III. La défiguration du peintre et de son modèle, p. 136 Œuvres reproduites ................................................................................................................................. 142 DEUXIÈME PARTIE LES NUMÉROS DE MAMA UND PAPA CHAPITRE
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