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A Contemporary History of Alcohol in Russia

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A Contemporary History of Alcohol in Russia A Contemporary History of Alcohol in Russia Alexandr Nemtsov A Contemporary History of Alcohol in Russia Alexandr Nemtsov Introduction by Denny Vågerö Södertörns högskola Södertörns högskola SE-141 89 Huddinge 2011 www.sh.se/publications Translation: Howard M Goldfinger & Andrew Stickley Cover: Jonathan Robson Graphic Design: Per Lindblom & Jonathan Robson Printed by E-print, Stockholm 2011 Södertörn Academic Studies 43 ISSN 1650-433X ISBN 978-91-86069-24-7 For my daughter, my help, indeed Russians believe that the main symbol of 20th century Russia was vodka. The Kalashnikov automatic rifle is in a distant second place. All-Russia Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), 2002 Two thirds of the Russian population name alcoholism as the main problem in Russia. The majority of Russians look favorably on the alcohol campaign of the second half of the eighties. All-Russia Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), 2006 Contents Figures and Tables (Placement) ........................................................................................................... 9 Alexandr Nemtsov’s Pioneering Work on Alcohol in Modern Soviet and Russian History by Denny Vågerö .....................................................................13 Foreword (to the Russian original)....................................................................................................35 A Contemporary History of Alcohol in Russia................................................................................41 Part 1.......................................................................................................................................................47 Stages in the Alcohol History of Russia.............................................................................................49 Chapter 1-1 Basic Constituents of the Alcohol Situation.............................................................51 Chapter 1-2 The Alcohol Situation in Other Nations....................................................................65 Chapter 1-3 The Alcohol Situation in Russia before and after 1945............................................87 Chapter 1-4 The Anti-Alcohol Campaign of 1985 .........................................................................99 Chapter 1-5 Consequences of the Anti-Alcohol Campaign........................................................109 Chapter 1-6 The Alcohol Situation 1987–1991............................................................................119 Chapter 1-7 The Alcohol Situation 1992–1994............................................................................127 Chapter 1-8 The Alcohol Situation 1995–1998............................................................................143 Chapter 1-9 The Alcohol Situation After 1998 ............................................................................159 Part 2.....................................................................................................................................................171 The Alcohol History of Russia in the Light of Epidemiology ......................................................173 Chapter 2-1 Alcohol Consumption as a Human Need................................................................179 Chapter 2-2 The Epidemiology of Alcohol Consumption in the World ..................................189 Chapter 2-3 Epidemiological Studies of Russian Alcohol Problems .........................................205 Chapter 2-4 An Estimate of Actual Alcohol Consumption in Russia .......................................235 Chapter 2-5 Alcohol Mortality Before, During and After the Anti-Alcohol Campaign ........261 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................303 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................327 Figures and Tables (Placement) Figures Fig. 1-1....................................................................................................................................................51 Fig. 1-2a..................................................................................................................................................59 Fig. 1-2b..................................................................................................................................................60 Fig. 1-3a..................................................................................................................................................71 Fig. 1-3b..................................................................................................................................................71 Fig. 1-4....................................................................................................................................................90 Fig. 1-5..................................................................................................................................................114 Fig. 1-6..................................................................................................................................................114 Fig. 1-7..................................................................................................................................................115 Fig. 1-8..................................................................................................................................................131 Fig. 1-9..................................................................................................................................................137 Fig. 1-10................................................................................................................................................151 Fig. 1-11................................................................................................................................................152 Fig. 1-12................................................................................................................................................153 Fig. 1-13................................................................................................................................................153 Fig. 1-14................................................................................................................................................164 Fig. 2-1..................................................................................................................................................191 Fig. 2-2..................................................................................................................................................197 Fig. 2-3..................................................................................................................................................199 Fig. 2-4..................................................................................................................................................206 Fig. 2-5..................................................................................................................................................220 Fig. 2-6..................................................................................................................................................226 Fig. 2-7..................................................................................................................................................236 Fig. 2-8..................................................................................................................................................237 Fig. 2-9..................................................................................................................................................241 Fig. 2-10................................................................................................................................................241 Fig. 2-11................................................................................................................................................242 Fig. 2-12................................................................................................................................................243 Fig. 2-13................................................................................................................................................246 Fig. 2-14 (a/b)......................................................................................................................................248 Fig. 2-15................................................................................................................................................252 Fig. 2-16................................................................................................................................................253 Fig. 2-17................................................................................................................................................254 Fig. 2-18 (a/b)......................................................................................................................................259 9 Fig. 2-19................................................................................................................................................262 Fig. 2-20................................................................................................................................................263
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