DOCSLIB.ORG

The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899-1902

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899-1902 ( 381 ) LEADING E\^NTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY* I486. Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Bartholomew Diaz. 1591. English ships A-isit Table Bay for the first time. 1652. Table Bay occupied by the Dutch East India Company. 1655. The first vineyard planted. 1658. Introduction of slaves. 1659. Hostilities with the Hottentots. 1679. Foundation of Stellenbosch. 1685. Copper discovered in Namaqualand. 1688. Arrival of Huguenot settlers. 1779. Operations against the "Kaffirs. 1781. French troops landed to defend the Cape against the British. 1789. Further troubles with the KafBrs. 1792. A Moravian mission station established. 1795. Surrender of Cape Colony to the British. 1799. The London Missionary Society begins work among the natives. Kaffir and Hottentot depredations. 1803. Cape Colony restored to the Dutch. 1806. Second sturender of Cape Colony to the British. 1812. First Kaffir war. 1815. Formal cession of the Cape to the British. The Slagter's Nek rebellion. 1818. The second Kaffir war. 1820. Arrival of British settlers. Foundation of Port Elizabeth. 1822. Beginning of the Zulu wars of extermination. 1834. The Slave Emancipation Act. 1834-5. Thkd Kaffir war. 1836-7. The Great Trek. 1837. Boers defeat the Matabele, who retreat north of the Limpopo. 1888. Liberation of all slaves. Massacre at Weenen (February 6). * Many of these are not referred to in the narrative of the history as not bearing directly upon the relations between the Imperial Government and the Republics. 382 EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN BISTORT 1838. Dingaan's Day (December 16). 1842. Military occupation of Natal by the British. 1843. Creation of Griqua and Basuto Protected Native States. 1844. Establishment of the Pondo Treaty State. 1846. Fourth Kaflar war. 1847. Constitution of the province of British KafiEraria. 1848. British sovereignty declared over the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers (February 3). Boomplaatz (August 29). 1850. The fifth Kaffir war. 1851. Troubles with the Basutos. 1852. The Sand River Convention (January 17). 1854, The Bloemfontein Convention (January 30). Creation of a Parliament in Cape Colony. 1857. The Pretorius-Kruger Eaid. 1864. End of civil wars in the Transvaal. Pretorius President. 1865. British Kaffraria annexed to Cape Colony. 1868. Basutoland declared British territory. 1869. Discovery of diamonds in South Africa. 1871. Creation of the province of Griqualand West. 1872. Mr. T. F. Burgers elected President of the Transvaal. Responsible government granted to Cape Colony. 1875. Award by Marshal MacMahon in regard to Delagoa Bay (July 24). 1876. The Sikukuni war. Sir T. Shepstone's mission to Pretoria. Sir Bartle Frere appointed Governor and High Commissioner. 1877. Annexation of the Transvaal (April 12). Kruger's first visit to England. Sixth Kaffir war. 1878. Kruger visits England a second time. Outbreak of Zulu war. 1879. RecaU of Su- T. Shepstone. Appointment of Colonel Lanyon. Isandhlwana and Rorke's Drift (January 22). Ulundi (July 4). 1880. Revolt in Basutoland. Sir G. CoUey appointed Governor of Natal and High Com- missioner of South-East Africa. RecaU of Sir Bartle Frere (August 1). Proclamation of the Transvaal Republic (December 15). Bronkhorst Spruit (December 20). 1881. Laing's Nek (January 28). Ingogo (February 8). Majuba (February 27). The Pretoria Convention (August 3). 1882. First restriction of the franchise in the Trajisvaal. Afrikander Bond agitation. 1883. German colony founded in Damaraland. EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY 383 1888. ELTUger elected President (May 9). 1884. The London Convention (February 27). Boer raids into Bechuanaland. Basutoland separated from Cape Colony. Establisliment of the New Eepublic in Zululand. German annexation of Damaraland and Namaqualand. 1885. Sir C. "Warren's expedition. Constitution of the Crown Colony of British Bechuanaland. 1886. Discovery of the Witwatersrand goldfields. British recognition of the New Republic. 1887. Annexation of Zululand by Great Britain. Formation of the Netherlands Railway Company. First dj-namite concession. 1888. British treaty with Lobengula. Kruger re-elected President. 1889. Customs Union between Cape Colony and the Orange Free State. The Potchefstroom Treaty (March 13). Formation of the British South Africa Company. Confiscation by Portugal of the Delagoa Bay Railway. 1890. The Swaziland Convention. Beginning of Uitlander disfranchisement laws. 1891. The Banyailand trek. 1892. Formation of the Transvaal National Union. 1893. Kruger's third Presidency. Responsible government introduced in Natal (June 26). The Matabele war. 1894. Pondoland annexed to Cape Colony. Commandeering crisis in the Transvaal. 1895. Great franchise petition. British Bechuanaland annexed to Cape Colony. The Brown case. Kruger closes the Drifts. The Jameson Raid (December 29). 1896. Raiders surrender at Doomkop (January 2). The German Emperor's telegram (January 3). Trial of the Johannesburg Reformers (April 28). Mr. Conyngham Greene apjKtinted British Agent (August). Transvaal Aliens Expulsion and Immigration Acts. 1897. Sir A. Mihier appointed High Commissioner (February 15). Transvaal and Free State Closer Union Treaty. Repeal of the Aliens Immigration Law. The Transvaal Industrial Commission. 1898. Kruger's fourth Presidency. Dismissal of Chief Justice Kotz^ (February 16). Correspondence on the suzerainty question. Dr. Leyds goes to Europe as Minister of the TransvaaL Afrikander Ministry in Cape Colony. 384 EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY 1898. Anglo-German Delagoa Bay agreement. Natal enters the Customs Union. Sir W. Butler's temporary High Commissionership (December- February, 1899). The Edgar case (December 18). Mr. Schreiner's Navy Vote. 1899. Arrest of Messrs. Webb and Dodd. Protest by Mr. Chamberlain against the dynamite monopoly (January 13). The Amphitheatre meeting (January 14). Transvaal proposals to the mining representatives (Febraary 27). Uitlander petition (March 24). Mr. Reitz's suzerainty despatch (May 9). Bogus conspiracy at Johannesburg (May 16). The Bloemfontein Conference (May 31-June 5). Successive Transvaal franchise schemes (Jime 13-July 18). Queensland offers volimteers (July 11). Mr. Chamberlain's joint inquiry despatch (July 27). South African Debate in House of Commons (July 28). The Smuts-Greene negotiations (August 12-21). Recall of Sir W. Butler (August 16). The Transvaal Revoke (August 21-September 2). Cabinet Council. Indian contingent ordered (September 8). Last British despatch (September 22). Boer ultimatum decided on. Boer mobilization (September 27). Offers of colonial contingents accepted (October 3). Mobilization of a field force for South Africa. Boer ultimatum presented (October 9). Beginning of the South African War (October 11). GOVERNORS AND PREMIERS OF GAPE COLONY 385 BRITISH GOVERNORS OF THE CAPE. (From 1877 al»o High Commissioners for South Africa.) 1806. Sir David Baird. 1852. Major-General G. Cathcart. j LordCaledon. ' 1854. Sir George Grey. 1811. Sir John Cradock. ! 1861. Sir Philip Wodehouse. 1813. Lord Charles Somerset. 1870. Sir Henry Barkly. | 1825. 1877. Sir Bartle Frere. Major-General R. Bourke. I 1828. Sir G. Lovnj Cole. 1880. Sir Hercules Robinson. j 1833. Sir Benjamin D'Urban. 1889. Sir Henry Loch. i 1838. Sir George Napier. 1895. Sir Hercules Robinson | 1843. Sir Peregrine Maitland. (Lord Rosmead). j 1846. Sir Henry Pottinger. 1897. Sir Alfred Milner. 1847. Sir Harry G. W. Smith. ; PRIAfE MINISTERS OF CAPE COLONY. 1872. Mr. J. C. Molteno. 1890. Mr. C. J. Rhodes. 1878. Mr. J. Gordon Sprigg. 1896. Sir J. Gordon Sprigg. 1881. Mr. T. C. Scanlen. 1898. Mr. W. P. Schreiner. 1884. Mr. T. Upington. 1900. Sir J. Gordon Sprigg. 1886. Sir J. Gordon Sprigg. VOL. L 2 C ;: 386 THE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA CHIEF PROVISIONS OF TIIE PRETORIA CONVENTION. CONVENTION FOE THE SETTLEMENT OF THE TRANSVAAL TERRITORY. August, 188L Preamble. Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Settlement of the Transvaal territory, duly appointed as such by a commission passed under the Royal Sign Manual and Signet, bearing date the 5th day of April, 1881, do hereby undertake and guarantee on behalf of Her Majesty that, from and after the 8th day of August, 1881, complete self- government, subject to the suzerainty of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, will be accorded to the inhabitants of the Transvaal terri- tory, upon the following terms and conditions, and subject to the following reservations and limitations : Article I. The said territory, to be hereinafter called the Transvaal State, will embrace the land lying between the following boundaries, to wit [Here follow three pages in print defining boundaries.] Article II. Her Majesty reserves to herself, her heirs and successors, {a) the right from time to time to appomt a British Resident in and for the said State, with such duties and functions as are hereinafter defined (b) the right to move troops through the said State in time of war, or in case of the apprehension of immediate war between the Suzerain Power and any Foreign State or NatiAC tribe in South Africa ; and (c) the control of the external relations of the said State, including the conclusion of treaties and the conduct of diplomatic intercom'se with Foreign Powers, such intercourse to be carried on through Her Majesty's diplomatic and consular oflBcers abroad. PROVISIONS OF THE PRETORIA CONVENTION 387 Aktici,e III. Until altered by the Volksraad, or other competent authority, all laws, whether passed before or after the annexation of the Transvaal territory to Her Majesty's dominions, shall, except in so far as they are inconsistent with or repugnant to the provisions of this Ck)nven- tion, be and remain in force in the said State in so far as they shall be applicable thereto, pro\-ided that no future enactment especially affecting the interest of natives shall have any force or effect in the said State, without the consent of Her Majesty, her heirs and suc- cessors, first had and obtained and signified to the Government of the said State through the British Resident, pro\dded further that in no case will the repeal or amendment of any laws enacted since the annexation have a retrospective effect, so as to invalidate any acts done or liabilities incurred by virtue of such laws.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Click Here to Download
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of South Africa and the Boer-British War, Volume I, by J. Castell Hopkins and Murat Halstead This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: South Africa and the Boer-British War, Volume I Comprising a History of South Africa and its people, including the war of 1899 and 1900 Author: J. Castell Hopkins Murat Halstead Release Date: December 1, 2012 [EBook #41521] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOUTH AFRICA AND BOER-BRITISH WAR *** Produced by Al Haines JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, Colonial Secretary of England. PAUL KRUGER, President of the South African Republic. (Photo from Duffus Bros.) South Africa AND The Boer-British War COMPRISING A HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA AND ITS PEOPLE, INCLUDING THE WAR OF 1899 AND 1900 BY J. CASTELL HOPKINS, F.S.S. Author of The Life and Works of Mr. Gladstone; Queen Victoria, Her Life and Reign; The Sword of Islam, or Annals of Turkish Power; Life and Work of Sir John Thompson. Editor of "Canada; An Encyclopedia," in six volumes. AND MURAT HALSTEAD Formerly Editor of the Cincinnati "Commercial Gazette," and the Brooklyn "Standard-Union." Author of The Story of Cuba; Life of William McKinley; The Story of the Philippines; The History of American Expansion; The History of the Spanish-American War; Our New Possessions, and The Life and Achievements of Admiral Dewey, etc., etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881
    China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 The East India Company’s steamship Nemesis and other British ships engaging Chinese junks in the Second Battle of Chuenpi, 7 January 1841, during the first opium war. (British Library) ABOUT THE ARCHIVE China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 is digitised from the FO 17 series of British Foreign Office Files—Foreign Office: Political and Other Departments: General Correspondence before 1906, China— held at the National Archives, UK, providing a vast and significant primary source for researching every aspect of Chinese-British relations during the nineteenth century, ranging from diplomacy to trade, economics, politics, warfare, emigration, translation and law. This first part includes all content from FO 17 volumes 1–872. Source Library Number of Images The National Archives, UK Approximately 532,000 CONTENT From Lord Amherst’s mission at the start of the nineteenth century, through the trading monopoly of the Canton System, and the Opium Wars of 1839–1842 and 1856–1860, Britain and other foreign powers gradually gained commercial, legal, and territorial rights in China. Imperial China and the West provides correspondence from the Factories of Canton (modern Guangzhou) and from the missionaries and diplomats who entered China in the early nineteenth century, as well as from the envoys and missions sent to China from Britain and the later legation and consulates. The documents comprising this collection include communications to and from the British legation, first at Hong Kong and later at Peking, and British consuls at Shanghai, Amoy (Xiamen), Swatow (Shantou), Hankow (Hankou), Newchwang (Yingkou), Chefoo (Yantai), Formosa (Taiwan), and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Early History of South Africa
    THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 7: Invasions, Rebellions, and the End of Imperial China Part 7 Introduction Pre-Modern Vs
    Part 7: Invasions, Rebellions, and the End of Imperial China Part 7 Introduction Pre-modern vs. Modern When does modern Chinese history begin? Some say during the Opium War, the late 1830s and 1840s. Others date modern history from 1919 and the May Fourth Movement. In this course we take the 18th century, when the Qing was at its height, to begin modern Chinese history. Considering that modern history bears some relation to the present, what events signified the beginning of that period? In Europe, historians often chose 1789, the French Revolution. The signifying events, the transitional events, for China begin with its transition from empire to nation-state, with population growth, with the inclusion of Xinjiang and Tibet during the Qianlong reign, and with the challenges of maintaining unity in a multi-ethnic population. Encounter with the West In the 19th century this evolving state ran head-on into the mobile, militarized nation of Great Britain, the likes of which it has never seen before. This encounter was nothing like the visits from Jesuit missionaries (footnote 129 on page 208) or Lord Macartney (page 253). It challenged all the principles of imperial rule. Foreign Enterprise Today’s Chinese economy has its roots in the Sino-foreign enterprises born during these early encounters. Opium was one of its main enterprises. Christianity was a kind of enterprise. These enterprises combined to weaken and humiliate the Qing. As would be said of a later time, these foreign insults were a “disease of the skin.”165 It was the Taiping Rebellion that struck at the heart.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Military Colonisation: the Cape Eastern Frontier 1806 – 1872
    46 STRATEGIC MILITARY COLONISATION: THE CAPE EASTERN FRONTIER 1806–1872 Linda Robson* and Mark Oranje† Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Pretoria Abstract The Cape Eastern Frontier of South Africa offers a fascinating insight into British military strategy as well as colonial development. The Eastern Frontier was for over 100 years a very turbulent frontier. It was the area where the four main population groups (the Dutch, the British, the Xhosa and the Khoikhoi) met, and in many respects, key decisions taken on this frontier were seminal in the shaping of South Africa. This article seeks to analyse this frontier in a spatial manner, to analyse how British settlement patterns on the ground were influenced by strategy and policy. The time frame of the study reflects the truly imperial colonial era, from the second British occupation of the Cape colony in 1806 until representative self- governance of the Cape colony in 1872. Introduction British colonial expansion into the Eastern Cape of Southern Africa offers a unique insight into the British method of colonisation, land acquisition and consolidation. This article seeks to analyse the British imperial approach to settlement on a turbulent frontier. The spatial development pattern is discussed in order to understand the defensive approach of the British during the period 1806 to 1872 better. Scientia Militaria, South African South Africa began as a refuelling Journal of Military Studies, station for the Dutch East India Company on Vol 40, Nr 2, 2012, pp. 46-71. the lucrative Indian trade route. However, doi: 10.5787/40-2-996 military campaigns in Europe played * Linda Robson is a PhD student in the Department of Town and Regional Planning at the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Forms and the Politics of Property in Colonial Hong Kong By
    Speculative Modern: Urban Forms and the Politics of Property in Colonial Hong Kong by Cecilia Louise Chu A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Nezar AlSayyad, Chair Professor C. Greig Crysler Professor Eugene F. Irschick Spring 2012 Speculative Modern: Urban Forms and the Politics of Property in Colonial Hong Kong Copyright 2012 by Cecilia Louise Chu 1 Abstract Speculative Modern: Urban Forms and the Politics of Property in Colonial Hong Kong Cecilia Louise Chu Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture University of California, Berkeley Professor Nezar AlSayyad, Chair This dissertation traces the genealogy of property development and emergence of an urban milieu in Hong Kong between the 1870s and mid 1930s. This is a period that saw the transition of colonial rule from one that relied heavily on coercion to one that was increasingly “civil,” in the sense that a growing number of native Chinese came to willingly abide by, if not whole-heartedly accept, the rules and regulations of the colonial state whilst becoming more assertive in exercising their rights under the rule of law. Long hailed for its laissez-faire credentials and market freedom, Hong Kong offers a unique context to study what I call “speculative urbanism,” wherein the colonial government’s heavy reliance on generating revenue from private property supported a lucrative housing market that enriched a large number of native property owners. Although resenting the discrimination they encountered in the colonial territory, they were able to accumulate economic and social capital by working within and around the colonial regulatory system.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline Port Beaufort & Malgas
    TIMELINE FOR PORT BEAUFORT & MALGAS 1488: The Portuguese recognized the Breede River Mouth as the finest natural anchorage on the whole southern seaboard of Africa. 1576: King Sebastian’s navigator, Manuel De Mesquita Perestrello called the bay, St. Sebastian’s Bay, after “Dom Sebastiao, the most serene King of Portugal”, and the west bank “Cape Infanta”. 1790: San Sebastian Bay was surveyed by the French sea captain, Captain Duminy. 1798: During May, the Breede River mouth was visited by Lady Anne Barnard and her husband, who was Colonial Secretary under the British Administration, with Jacob Van Reenen of Slang River. 1800: Landrost Anthonie Faure reported to Governor Sir George Young that the river was suitable for navigation “up to six hours inland, with excellent safe loading – places for small vessels along either bank”. 1802: Baron Von Buchenröder visited San Sebastian’s Bay, crossed the river in a small boat and pronounced it “only three to four feet deep at low tide, thus only suitable for sloops and long flat vessels, such as one sees on the Main, Nekker and Weser in Germany”. He also found an English ship anchored in the Breede River. 1803: Dirk Gysbert Van Reenen gave the same advice (as Baron Von Buchenröder) to General Janssens. 1813: Malagas got its name from the farm belonging to Adriaan Odendaal, “Malagas Craal gelegen aan de Breede River” which took its name from a former Khoikhoi Chief. 1817: It was found that the bar was navigable by vessels displacing not more than six feet of water. Lord Charles Somerset named the east bank of Breede River after the title of his father, the 5th Duke of Beaufort.
    [Show full text]
  • Apartheid Legislation in South Africa
    Ralph Glücksmann Apartheid Legislation in South Africa I. Introduction On 31 May 1910 the Union of South Africa was formed as a dominion in the British Empire. It was exactly eight years after the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which had brought the Second Anglo-Boer War to an end and stipulated full British sovereignty over the Boer republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State. Although the South Africa Act 1909 (9 Edw. VII c. 9) was passed by the British Parliament at Westminster, it was wholly constructed by South African representatives in South Africa. Agreement had not been reached without acrimony, and there were times when it seemed that the national convention of representatives of the four colonies Cape, Natal, Transvaal and Orange River might break up among recriminations. Das Kap wurde 1806 britische Kolonie. Davor war das Kap eine niederländische Kolonie, gegründet von der Niederländischen Ostindien-Kompanie (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie), die vom niederländischen Staat Hoheitsrechte erhalten hatte. Als die Niederlande 1795 im Zuge des ersten Koalitionskrieges von Frankreich be- setzt wurden, nutzten die Briten eine Rebellion in der Kapkolonie, um diese unter ihre Herrschaft zu bringen und den Franzosen zuvorzukommen. 1803 zogen sich die Briten nach dem Frieden von Amiens zunächst wieder zu- rück und überließen das Kap der Batavischen Republik als Rechtsnachfolgerin der 1798 aufgelösten Niederlän- dischen Ostindien-Kompanie. Bereits 1806 annektierte Großbritannien nach der Schlacht von Blauberg die Kap- kolonie jedoch endgültig, nachdem die napoleonischen Kriege in Europa wieder aufgeflammt waren. 1815 wur- de die Abtretung an das britische Kolonialreich auf dem Wiener Kongress von den Niederlanden bestätigt, die als Kompensation die früheren Österreichischen Niederlande erhielten.
    [Show full text]
  • The Boers and the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) in the Twentieth-Century Moral Imaginary
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) Victorian Literature and Culture (2003), 429–446. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright C 2003 Cambridge University Press. 1060-1503/03 $9.50 THE BOERS AND THE ANGLO-BOER WAR (1899–1902) IN THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY MORAL IMAGINARY By M. van Wyk Smith IN 1891 LORD RANDOLPH CHURCHILL, father of the more famous Winston, visited South Africa and the soon-to-be Rhodesia on a trip that was intended to combine big-game hunting with the even more exciting prospects of entering the gold mining business. During the eight months of the visit, Churchill contributed a series of letters to the Daily Graphic on his thoughts and experiences, in one of which he had this to say about the Boers: The Boer farmer personifies useless idleness. Occupying a farm of from six thousand to ten thousand acres, he contents himself with raising a herd of a few hundred head of cattle, which are left almost entirely to the care of the natives whom he employs. It may be asserted, generally with truth, that he never plants a tree, never digs a well, never makes a road, never grows a blade of corn .... He passes his day doing absolutely nothing beyond smoking and drinking coffee. He is perfectly uneducated. With the exception of the Bible, every word of which in its most literal interpretation he believes with fanatical credulity, he never opens a book, he never even reads a newspaper.
    [Show full text]
  • 19Th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence As the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Spring 5-7-2011 19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity Kevin W. Hudson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hudson, Kevin W., "19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/45 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19TH CENTURY TRAGEDY, VICTORY, AND DIVINE PROVIDENCE AS THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN AFRIKANER NATIONAL IDENTITY by KEVIN W. HUDSON Under the DireCtion of Dr. Mohammed Hassen Ali and Dr. Jared Poley ABSTRACT Apart from a sense of racial superiority, which was certainly not unique to white Cape colonists, what is clear is that at the turn of the nineteenth century, Afrikaners were a disparate group. Economically, geographically, educationally, and religiously they were by no means united. Hierarchies existed throughout all cross sections of society. There was little political consciousness and no sense of a nation. Yet by the end of the nineteenth century they had developed a distinct sense of nationalism, indeed of a volk [people; ethnicity] ordained by God. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze three key historical events, the emotional sentiments evoked by these nationalistic milestones, and the evolution of a unified Afrikaner identity that would ultimately be used to justify the abhorrent system of apartheid.
    [Show full text]
  • GIPE-002303-Contents.Pdf (2.817Mb)
    HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRIOA.:" SINCE-~~;T;~~~;~r .-- G d IL - DhananJayarao a gl 1111111111111111111111111111111111 GIPE-PUNE-002: BY GEORGE MCCALL THEAL, LITT.D., "rLir' ... ,08&IQ. ..aIlB&R o. I'R. ROYAL .ACADBKY or am ••o • ., ~ ___B1i8!'01rDIN<! IIBIIBD o. '1'&. BOY.., .......M •• tMM:mnT, LONDON, BTC. t BT<J., ETC., PO •••RLV ~".P.B O' UB AILOBIV" O' TnB CA.PB COLORY, AND .£.'1: PRB81!1NT COLONIAL BI&'J'OBIOOaAPSBB WITH SIXTEEN MAPS AND CHARTS I~ FIVE VOLUMES VOL. II. THE CAPE COLONY FROM 1828 TO 1846, NATAL FROM 1824 TO 1845, AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE EMIGRANT FARMERS It'ROM 1836 TO 1847 LONDON SWA N SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LIM. 25 HIGH STREET, BLOOMSBlTRY 1908 _ All riyht. .........a HISTORY- - OF 'SOUTH AFRICA. The latest 'and most complet~ edition of this work consists of :---- History' and' Ethnography of A/rica south 0/ the Zambesi from the .settlement 0/ the Portuguese at So/ala in September I505 to' the conquest 0/ the Cape Colony by the BriHsh in September I795. In three volumes. Volume I contains a description of the Bushmen, H~tten­ tots, and Bantu, aI). account,o{the first voyages round the Cape ..¢:-GoocrHope of the Portuguese, the French, the English, and .- the Dutch, and a history of the Portuguese in South Africa in early times. Volumes II and III contain a history of the administration of the Dutch-East India Company'in South Africa, &c., &c. History 0/ South A/rica since' September I795. In five volumes. Volume I contains a history of the Cape Colony from 1795 to 1828 and an account of the Zulu wars of devastation and the formation of new Bantu communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert E. Brown (United States) V. Great Britain
    REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Robert E. Brown (United States) v. Great Britain 23 November 1923 VOLUME VI pp. 120-131 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 120 GREAT BRITAIN/UNITED STATES by the existing land lines and specified by the Spanish military superior autho- rities. It was, therefore, according to that report, "indispensable to meet this necessity by replacing the land telegraph lines by submarine cables, which will permit the maintenance at all times of connexion and communication between the strategic points of the island" ; and among them, those situated on the south coast between Cienfuegos and Santiago de Cuba were mentioned as being not of less need and importance. In these circumstances the right of the United States to take measures of admittedly legitimate defense against these means of enemy communication was fully justified; if some compensation was due to the Company for the damage done to the cable, it was for the Spanish Government to make it. always supposing that such compensation had not been already considered in the terms agreed upon under the concessions. In our opinion, not only is there no ground of equity upon which an award should be made against the United States, but equity appears to us to be on the side of the United States in their refusal to pay the damages claimed. Now, therefore: The Tribunal decides that the claim be disallowed. ROBERT E. BROWN (UNITED STATES) v. GREAT BRITAIN (November 23, 1923. Pages 187-202.) INTERPRETATION OF MUNICIPAL LAW BY INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL, DENIAL OF JUSTICE.
    [Show full text]