( 381 ) LEADING E\^NTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY* I486. Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Bartholomew Diaz. 1591. English ships A-isit Table Bay for the first time. 1652. Table Bay occupied by the Dutch East India Company. 1655. The first vineyard planted. 1658. Introduction of slaves. 1659. Hostilities with the Hottentots. 1679. Foundation of Stellenbosch. 1685. Copper discovered in Namaqualand. 1688. Arrival of Huguenot settlers. 1779. Operations against the "Kaffirs. 1781. French troops landed to defend the Cape against the British. 1789. Further troubles with the KafBrs. 1792. A Moravian mission station established. 1795. Surrender of Cape Colony to the British. 1799. The London Missionary Society begins work among the natives. Kaffir and Hottentot depredations. 1803. Cape Colony restored to the Dutch. 1806. Second sturender of Cape Colony to the British. 1812. First Kaffir war. 1815. Formal cession of the Cape to the British. The Slagter's Nek rebellion. 1818. The second Kaffir war. 1820. Arrival of British settlers. Foundation of Port Elizabeth. 1822. Beginning of the Zulu wars of extermination. 1834. The Slave Emancipation Act. 1834-5. Thkd Kaffir war. 1836-7. The Great Trek. 1837. Boers defeat the Matabele, who retreat north of the Limpopo. 1888. Liberation of all slaves. Massacre at Weenen (February 6). * Many of these are not referred to in the narrative of the history as not bearing directly upon the relations between the Imperial Government and the Republics. 382 EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN BISTORT 1838. Dingaan's Day (December 16). 1842. Military occupation of Natal by the British. 1843. Creation of Griqua and Basuto Protected Native States. 1844. Establishment of the Pondo Treaty State. 1846. Fourth Kaflar war. 1847. Constitution of the province of British KafiEraria. 1848. British sovereignty declared over the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers (February 3). Boomplaatz (August 29). 1850. The fifth Kaffir war. 1851. Troubles with the Basutos. 1852. The Sand River Convention (January 17). 1854, The Bloemfontein Convention (January 30). Creation of a Parliament in Cape Colony. 1857. The Pretorius-Kruger Eaid. 1864. End of civil wars in the Transvaal. Pretorius President. 1865. British Kaffraria annexed to Cape Colony. 1868. Basutoland declared British territory. 1869. Discovery of diamonds in South Africa. 1871. Creation of the province of Griqualand West. 1872. Mr. T. F. Burgers elected President of the Transvaal. Responsible government granted to Cape Colony. 1875. Award by Marshal MacMahon in regard to Delagoa Bay (July 24). 1876. The Sikukuni war. Sir T. Shepstone's mission to Pretoria. Sir Bartle Frere appointed Governor and High Commissioner. 1877. Annexation of the Transvaal (April 12). Kruger's first visit to England. Sixth Kaffir war. 1878. Kruger visits England a second time. Outbreak of Zulu war. 1879. RecaU of Su- T. Shepstone. Appointment of Colonel Lanyon. Isandhlwana and Rorke's Drift (January 22). Ulundi (July 4). 1880. Revolt in Basutoland. Sir G. CoUey appointed Governor of Natal and High Com- missioner of South-East Africa. RecaU of Sir Bartle Frere (August 1). Proclamation of the Transvaal Republic (December 15). Bronkhorst Spruit (December 20). 1881. Laing's Nek (January 28). Ingogo (February 8). Majuba (February 27). The Pretoria Convention (August 3). 1882. First restriction of the franchise in the Trajisvaal. Afrikander Bond agitation. 1883. German colony founded in Damaraland. EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY 383 1888. ELTUger elected President (May 9). 1884. The London Convention (February 27). Boer raids into Bechuanaland. Basutoland separated from Cape Colony. Establisliment of the New Eepublic in Zululand. German annexation of Damaraland and Namaqualand. 1885. Sir C. "Warren's expedition. Constitution of the Crown Colony of British Bechuanaland. 1886. Discovery of the Witwatersrand goldfields. British recognition of the New Republic. 1887. Annexation of Zululand by Great Britain. Formation of the Netherlands Railway Company. First dj-namite concession. 1888. British treaty with Lobengula. Kruger re-elected President. 1889. Customs Union between Cape Colony and the Orange Free State. The Potchefstroom Treaty (March 13). Formation of the British South Africa Company. Confiscation by Portugal of the Delagoa Bay Railway. 1890. The Swaziland Convention. Beginning of Uitlander disfranchisement laws. 1891. The Banyailand trek. 1892. Formation of the Transvaal National Union. 1893. Kruger's third Presidency. Responsible government introduced in Natal (June 26). The Matabele war. 1894. Pondoland annexed to Cape Colony. Commandeering crisis in the Transvaal. 1895. Great franchise petition. British Bechuanaland annexed to Cape Colony. The Brown case. Kruger closes the Drifts. The Jameson Raid (December 29). 1896. Raiders surrender at Doomkop (January 2). The German Emperor's telegram (January 3). Trial of the Johannesburg Reformers (April 28). Mr. Conyngham Greene apjKtinted British Agent (August). Transvaal Aliens Expulsion and Immigration Acts. 1897. Sir A. Mihier appointed High Commissioner (February 15). Transvaal and Free State Closer Union Treaty. Repeal of the Aliens Immigration Law. The Transvaal Industrial Commission. 1898. Kruger's fourth Presidency. Dismissal of Chief Justice Kotz^ (February 16). Correspondence on the suzerainty question. Dr. Leyds goes to Europe as Minister of the TransvaaL Afrikander Ministry in Cape Colony. 384 EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY 1898. Anglo-German Delagoa Bay agreement. Natal enters the Customs Union. Sir W. Butler's temporary High Commissionership (December- February, 1899). The Edgar case (December 18). Mr. Schreiner's Navy Vote. 1899. Arrest of Messrs. Webb and Dodd. Protest by Mr. Chamberlain against the dynamite monopoly (January 13). The Amphitheatre meeting (January 14). Transvaal proposals to the mining representatives (Febraary 27). Uitlander petition (March 24). Mr. Reitz's suzerainty despatch (May 9). Bogus conspiracy at Johannesburg (May 16). The Bloemfontein Conference (May 31-June 5). Successive Transvaal franchise schemes (Jime 13-July 18). Queensland offers volimteers (July 11). Mr. Chamberlain's joint inquiry despatch (July 27). South African Debate in House of Commons (July 28). The Smuts-Greene negotiations (August 12-21). Recall of Sir W. Butler (August 16). The Transvaal Revoke (August 21-September 2). Cabinet Council. Indian contingent ordered (September 8). Last British despatch (September 22). Boer ultimatum decided on. Boer mobilization (September 27). Offers of colonial contingents accepted (October 3). Mobilization of a field force for South Africa. Boer ultimatum presented (October 9). Beginning of the South African War (October 11). GOVERNORS AND PREMIERS OF GAPE COLONY 385 BRITISH GOVERNORS OF THE CAPE. (From 1877 al»o High Commissioners for South Africa.) 1806. Sir David Baird. 1852. Major-General G. Cathcart. j LordCaledon. ' 1854. Sir George Grey. 1811. Sir John Cradock. ! 1861. Sir Philip Wodehouse. 1813. Lord Charles Somerset. 1870. Sir Henry Barkly. | 1825. 1877. Sir Bartle Frere. Major-General R. Bourke. I 1828. Sir G. Lovnj Cole. 1880. Sir Hercules Robinson. j 1833. Sir Benjamin D'Urban. 1889. Sir Henry Loch. i 1838. Sir George Napier. 1895. Sir Hercules Robinson | 1843. Sir Peregrine Maitland. (Lord Rosmead). j 1846. Sir Henry Pottinger. 1897. Sir Alfred Milner. 1847. Sir Harry G. W. Smith. ; PRIAfE MINISTERS OF CAPE COLONY. 1872. Mr. J. C. Molteno. 1890. Mr. C. J. Rhodes. 1878. Mr. J. Gordon Sprigg. 1896. Sir J. Gordon Sprigg. 1881. Mr. T. C. Scanlen. 1898. Mr. W. P. Schreiner. 1884. Mr. T. Upington. 1900. Sir J. Gordon Sprigg. 1886. Sir J. Gordon Sprigg. VOL. L 2 C ;: 386 THE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA CHIEF PROVISIONS OF TIIE PRETORIA CONVENTION. CONVENTION FOE THE SETTLEMENT OF THE TRANSVAAL TERRITORY. August, 188L Preamble. Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Settlement of the Transvaal territory, duly appointed as such by a commission passed under the Royal Sign Manual and Signet, bearing date the 5th day of April, 1881, do hereby undertake and guarantee on behalf of Her Majesty that, from and after the 8th day of August, 1881, complete self- government, subject to the suzerainty of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, will be accorded to the inhabitants of the Transvaal terri- tory, upon the following terms and conditions, and subject to the following reservations and limitations : Article I. The said territory, to be hereinafter called the Transvaal State, will embrace the land lying between the following boundaries, to wit [Here follow three pages in print defining boundaries.] Article II. Her Majesty reserves to herself, her heirs and successors, {a) the right from time to time to appomt a British Resident in and for the said State, with such duties and functions as are hereinafter defined (b) the right to move troops through the said State in time of war, or in case of the apprehension of immediate war between the Suzerain Power and any Foreign State or NatiAC tribe in South Africa ; and (c) the control of the external relations of the said State, including the conclusion of treaties and the conduct of diplomatic intercom'se with Foreign Powers, such intercourse to be carried on through Her Majesty's diplomatic and consular oflBcers abroad. PROVISIONS OF THE PRETORIA CONVENTION 387 Aktici,e III. Until altered by the Volksraad, or other competent authority, all laws, whether passed before or after the annexation of the Transvaal territory to Her Majesty's dominions, shall, except in so far as they are inconsistent with or repugnant to the provisions of this Ck)nven- tion, be and remain in force in the said State in so far as they shall be applicable thereto, pro\-ided that no future enactment especially affecting the interest of natives shall have any force or effect in the said State, without the consent of Her Majesty, her heirs and suc- cessors, first had and obtained and signified to the Government of the said State through the British Resident, pro\dded further that in no case will the repeal or amendment of any laws enacted since the annexation have a retrospective effect, so as to invalidate any acts done or liabilities incurred by virtue of such laws.