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Concerning Stephen Hawking's Claim That Philosophy Is Dead1
Filozofski vestnik | Volume XXXIII | Number 2 | 2012 | 11–22 Graham Harman* Concerning Stephen Hawking’s Claim that Philosophy is Dead1 The relations at present between philosophy and the sciences are not especially good. Let’s begin with Stephen Hawking’s famous words at the May 2011 Google Zeitgeist conference in England:1 […] almost all of us must sometimes wonder: Why are we here? Where do we come from? Traditionally, these are questions for philosophy, but philosophy is dead. Philosophers have not kept up with modern developments in science. Particularly physics. Scientists have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge.2 According to Hawking, philosophy is dead. Others are more generous and claim only that philosophy will be dead in the near future, and only partly dead. For example, brain researcher Wolf Singer tells us that he is interested in philoso- phy for two reasons: !rst because “progress in neurobiology will provide some answers to the classic questions in philosophy,” and second because “progress in the neurosciences raises a large number of new ethical problems, and these need to be addressed not only by neurobiologists but also by representatives of the humanities.”3 In other words, Singer is interested in philosophy as a poten- tial takeover target for the neurosciences, though he reassures us that philoso- phers should not fear this ambition, since Singer still needs ethics panels that will “also” include representatives of the humanities alongside neurobiologists. 11 Having escaped its medieval status as the handmaid of theology, philosophy will enter a new era as the ethical handmaid of the hard sciences. -
Multi-Dimensional Entanglement Transport Through Single-Mode Fibre
Multi-dimensional entanglement transport through single-mode fibre Jun Liu,1, ∗ Isaac Nape,2, ∗ Qianke Wang,1 Adam Vall´es,2 Jian Wang,1 and Andrew Forbes2 1Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China. 2School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa (Dated: April 8, 2019) The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with significant advances already demonstrated using entangled polarisation states, reaching approxi- mately 1200 km in free space and 100 km in optical fibre. Packing more information into each photon requires Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, for example, that of spatial modes of light. However spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fibre and is lim- ited by decoherence induced mode coupling. Here we transport multi-dimensional entangled states down conventional single-mode fibre (SMF). We achieve this by entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a bi-photon pair, passing the polarisation (spin) photon down the SMF while ac- cessing multi-dimensional orbital angular momentum (orbital) subspaces with the other. We show high fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m of SMF across multiple 2 × 2 dimen- sions, demonstrating quantum key distribution protocols, quantum state tomographies and quantum erasers. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that fa- cilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fibre. Entanglement is an intriguing aspect of quantum me- chanics with well-known quantum paradoxes such as those of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) [1], Hardy [2], and Leggett [3]. -
Arxiv:2003.01910V2 [Quant-Ph] 16 Mar 2020 Machinery of Graph Theory
Quantum Experiments and Hypergraphs: Multi-Photon Sources for Quantum Interference, Quantum Computation and Quantum Entanglement Xuemei Gu,1, ∗ Lijun Chen,1, y and Mario Krenn2, z 1State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023, Nanjing City, China. 2Department of Chemistry & Computer Science, University of Toronto, Canada & Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada. (Dated: March 17, 2020) We introduce the concept of hypergraphs to describe quantum optical experiments with prob- abilistic multi-photon sources. Every hyperedge represents a correlated photon source, and every vertex stands for an optical output path. Such general graph description provides new insights for producing complex high-dimensional multi-photon quantum entangled states, which go beyond limitations imposed by pair creation via spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Furthermore, properties of hypergraphs can be investigated experimentally. For example, the NP-Complete prob- lem of deciding whether a hypergraph has a perfect matchin can be answered by experimentally detecting multi-photon events in quantum experiments. By introducing complex weights in hyper- graphs, we show a general many-particle quantum interference and manipulating entanglement in a pictorial way. Our work paves the path for the development of multi-photon high-dimensional state generation and might inspire new applications of quantum computations using hypergraph mappings. I. INTRODUCTION been developed to describe quantum states and lo- cal unitaries [13]. Also, directed graphs have recently Graph-theoretical concepts are widely used in mul- been investigated in order to simplify certain calcula- tidisciplinary research involving physics, chemistry, tions in quantum optics, by representing creation and neuroscience and computer sciences, among others. -
Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions: © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd a Review
IOP Reports on Progress in Physics Reports on Progress in Physics Rep. Prog. Phys. Rep. Prog. Phys. 81 (2018) 054001 (22pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aaaf9a 81 Report on Progress 2018 Dynamical quantum phase transitions: © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd a review RPPHAG Markus Heyl 054001 Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany M Heyl E-mail: [email protected] Received 29 September 2017, revised 16 January 2018 Dynamical quantum phase transitions: a review Accepted for publication 15 February 2018 Published 5 April 2018 Printed in the UK Corresponding Editor Professor Maciej Lewenstein Abstract ROP Quantum theory provides an extensive framework for the description of the equilibrium properties of quantum matter. Yet experiments in quantum simulators have now opened up 10.1088/1361-6633/aaaf9a a route towards the generation of quantum states beyond this equilibrium paradigm. While these states promise to show properties not constrained by equilibrium principles, such as the equal a priori probability of the microcanonical ensemble, identifying the general properties 1361-6633 of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics remains a major challenge, especially in view of the lack of conventional concepts such as free energies. The theory of dynamical quantum 5 phase transitions attempts to identify such general principles by lifting the concept of phase transitions to coherent quantum real-time evolution. This review provides a pedagogical introduction to this field. Starting from the general setting of nonequilibrium dynamics in closed quantum many-body systems, we give the definition of dynamical quantum phase transitions as phase transitions in time with physical quantities becoming nonanalytic at critical times. -
Toward a New Science of Information
Data Science Journal, Volume 6, Supplement, 7 April 2007 TOWARD A NEW SCIENCE OF INFORMATION D Doucette1*, R Bichler 2, W Hofkirchner2, and C Raffl2 *1 The Science of Information Institute, 1737 Q Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009, USA Email: [email protected] 2 ICT&S Center, University of Salzburg - Center for Advanced Studies and Research in Information and Communication Technologies & Society, Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse 18, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The concept of information has become a crucial topic in several emerging scientific disciplines, as well as in organizations, in companies and in everyday life. Hence it is legitimate to speak of the so-called information society; but a scientific understanding of the Information Age has not had time to develop. Following this evolution we face the need of a new transdisciplinary understanding of information, encompassing many academic disciplines and new fields of interest. Therefore a Science of Information is required. The goal of this paper is to discuss the aims, the scope, and the tools of a Science of Information. Furthermore we describe the new Science of Information Institute (SOII), which will be established as an international and transdisciplinary organization that takes into consideration a larger perspective of information. Keywords: Information, Science of Information, Information Society, Transdisciplinarity, Science of Information Institute (SOII), Foundations of Information Science (FIS) 1 INTRODUCTION Information is emerging as a new and large prospective area of study. The notion of information has become a crucial topic in several emerging scientific disciplines such as Philosophy of Information, Quantum Information, Bioinformatics and Biosemiotics, Theory of Mind, Systems Theory, Internet Research, and many more. -
Report to Industry Canada
Report to Industry Canada 2013/14 Annual Report and Final Report for 2008-2014 Granting Period Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo June 2014 1 CONTENTS From the Executive Director 3 Executive Summary 5 The Institute for Quantum Computing 8 Strategic Objectives 9 2008-2014 Overview 10 2013/14 Annual Report Highlights 23 Conducting Research in Quantum Information 23 Recruiting New Researchers 32 Collaborating with Other Researchers 35 Building, Facilities & Laboratory Support 43 Become a Magnet for Highly Qualified Personnel in the Field of Quantum Information 48 Establishing IQC as the Authoritative Source of Insight, Analysis and Commentary on Quantum Information 58 Communications and Outreach 62 Administrative and Technical Support 69 Risk Assessment & Mitigation Strategies 70 Appendix 73 2 From the Executive Director The next great technological revolution – the quantum age “There is a second quantum revolution coming – which will be responsible for most of the key physical technological advances for the 21st Century.” Gerard J. Milburn, Director, Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland - 2002 There is no doubt now that the next great era in humanity’s history will be the quantum age. IQC was created in 2002 to seize the potential of quantum information science for Canada. IQC’s vision was bold, positioning Canada as a leader in research and providing the necessary infrastructure for Canada to emerge as a quantum industry powerhouse. Today, IQC stands among the top quantum information research institutes in the world. Leaders in all fields of quantum information science come to IQC to participate in our research, share their knowledge and encourage the next generation of scientists to continue on this incredible journey. -
Curriculum Vitae Anton Zeilinger
Curriculum Vitae Anton Zeilinger Born on May 20th, 1945 in Ried/Innkreis, Austria Present addresses: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Austrian Academy of Sciences Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria [email protected] EDUCATION 1979 Habilitation, Vienna University of Technology 1971 Ph.D., University of Vienna, thesis on "Neutron Depolarization in Dysprosium Single Crystals" under Prof. H. Rauch 1963-1971 Study of Physics and Mathematics, University of Vienna 1963 Matura (School Leaving Examination), Bundesgymnasium Wien 13, Fichtnergasse 15, Vienna PROFESSIONAL CAREER 2013-present President, Austrian Academy of Sciences 2013-present Professor Emeritus, University of Vienna 2004-present Senior Scientist, IQOQI Vienna, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences 2004-2013 Director, IQOQI Vienna, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences 1999-2013 Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Vienna 1990-1999 Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck 1988-1989 Professor of Physics (Lehrstuhlvertretung), Technical University Munich 1983-1990 Associate Professor, Vienna University of Technology 1981-1983 Associate Professor of Physics, M.I.T. (Visiting) 1979-1983 Assistant Professor, Atominstitut Vienna 1977-1978 Research Associate (Fulbright Fellow) at M.I.T. in the Neutron Diffraction Laboratory under Prof. C.G. Shull (Nobel Laureate 1994) 1972-1979 Research Assistant, Atominstitut Vienna with Professor Helmut -
Quantum Optics: an Introduction
Quantum Optics an Introduction (short Version) University of Hannover, Germany July 21, 2006 Maciej Lewenstein Anna Sanpera Matthias Pospiech Authors / Lecturers Maciej Lewenstein – Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hannover Anna Sanpera – Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hannover Wolfgang Ertmer – Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Hannover maintained by Matthias Pospiech – Student der technischen Physik, Universität Hannover correctors Ulrich Schneider – Insitut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Alexander Klein – TU Kaiserslautern Stefan Ataman – University Cergy-Pontoise (France) Contact: Matthias Pospiech: [email protected] Script bases on Lecture Notes from Lecture 1999 by M. Lewenstein and W. Ertmer. Parts added from Lecture 2003 by A. Sanpera Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Quantum Optics and The Renaissance of Atomic Physics . 1 1.2. Literature . 3 2. Quantization of the Free EM field 5 2.1. Quantum harmonic oscillator revisited . 6 2.2. Maxwell equations for free EM fields . 8 2.3. Gauge invariance . 9 2.4. Canonical quantization . 9 2.5. Number operator . 14 2.6. Quadrature operators . 15 2.7. Continuous limit . 15 3. Quantum states of EM field 21 3.1. Fock, or number states |ni ......................... 21 3.2. Coherent states |αi ............................. 22 3.2.1. Coherent states in Fock representation . 24 3.2.2. Properties of Coherent states . 24 3.3. Squeezed states . 26 3.3.1. Photon number distribution . 29 3.3.2. Generation of squeezed states . 30 3.4. Variance of the EM field . 30 3.5. Thermal states . 31 3.6. Noisy coherent states . 32 3.7. Phase of the Field . 33 4. Single atom – single mode interaction 41 4.1. -
Workshop on Quantum Simulations with Ultracold Atoms
Activity SMR: 2350 Workshop on Quantum Simulations with Ultracold Atoms 16 July 2012 - 20 July 2012 Trieste - ITALY Preliminary List of Participants Total Number of Visitors: 146 Updated: 9 July 2012 Strada Costiera, 11 - 34151 - Trieste - Italy • Tel. +39 0402240111 • Fax. +39 040224163 • [email protected] • www.ictp.it ICTP is governed by UNESCO, IAEA, and Italy, and it is a UNESCO Category 1 Institute No. NAME and INSTITUTE Nationality Function DIRECTOR Total number in this function: 5 1. BLOCH Immanuel GERMANY DIRECTOR Research Field : Research Topic : 1. Permanent Institute: Max Planck Institut Fuer Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-strasse 1 85748 Garching bei Munchen GERMANY Permanent Institute e mail [email protected] 2. INGUSCIO Massimo ITALY DIRECTOR Research Field : Research Topic : 2. Permanent Institute: LENS - Laboratorio Europeo per La Spettroscopia Non Lineare Universita' di Firenze Via Nello Carrara, 1 Polo Scientifico di Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze ITALY Permanent Institute e mail [email protected] 3. LEWENSTEIN Maciej POLAND DIRECTOR Research Field : Research Topic : 3. Permanent Institute: ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Institute of Photonic Sciences Avinguda del Canal Olimpic s/n Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia Castelldefels 08860 Barcelona SPAIN Permanent Institute e mail [email protected] Participation for activity Ultracold Atoms SMR Number: 2350 Page 2 No. NAME and INSTITUTE Nationality Function 4. MUSSARDO Giuseppe Antonio ITALY DIRECTOR Research Field : Research Topic : 4. Permanent Institute: SISSA International School for Advanced Studies Via Bonomea 265 34136 Trieste ITALY Permanent Institute e mail [email protected] 5. TROMBETTONI Andrea ITALY DIRECTOR Research Field : ULTRACOLD ATOMS Research Topic : OPTICAL LATTICES 5. -
Quantum Mechanical Laws - Bogdan Mielnik and Oscar Rosas-Ruiz
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS – Vol. I - Quantum Mechanical Laws - Bogdan Mielnik and Oscar Rosas-Ruiz QUANTUM MECHANICAL LAWS Bogdan Mielnik and Oscar Rosas-Ortiz Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Keywords: Indeterminism, Quantum Observables, Probabilistic Interpretation, Schrödinger’s cat, Quantum Control, Entangled States, Einstein-Podolski-Rosen Paradox, Canonical Quantization, Bell Inequalities, Path integral, Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Teleportation, Quantum Computing. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Black body radiation: the lateral problem becomes fundamental. 3. The discovery of photons 4. Compton’s effect: collisions confirm the existence of photons 5. Atoms: the contradictions of the planetary model 6. The mystery of the allowed energy levels 7. Luis de Broglie: particles or waves? 8. Schrödinger’s wave mechanics: wave vibrations explain the energy levels 9. The statistical interpretation 10. The Schrödinger’s picture of quantum theory 11. The uncertainty principle: instrumental and mathematical aspects. 12. Typical states and spectra 13. Unitary evolution 14. Canonical quantization: scientific or magic algorithm? 15. The mixed states 16. Quantum control: how to manipulate the particle? 17. Measurement theory and its conceptual consequences 18. Interpretational polemics and paradoxes 19. Entangled states 20. Dirac’s theory of the electron as the square root of the Klein-Gordon law 21. Feynman: the interference of virtual histories 22. Locality problems 23. The idea UNESCOof quantum computing and future – perspectives EOLSS 24. Open questions Glossary Bibliography Biographical SketchesSAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary The present day quantum laws unify simple empirical facts and fundamental principles describing the behavior of micro-systems. A parallel but different component is the symbolic language adequate to express the ‘logic’ of quantum phenomena. -
A New Fundamental Principle Proposed by Anton Zeilinger
FIS httpwwwmdpiorgs Information as Physical Reality A New Fundamental Principle Prop osed by Anton Zeilinge r Hans Christian von Baeyer Hans Christian von Baeyer College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia Email hcvonbwmedu Abstract In Alb ert Einstein prop osed that the world is not what it seems He suggested that it is not continuous but atomistic not absolute but relative not classical but quantized In the ensuing century his heuristic hyp otheses were conrmed as facts They dene what might b e called the atomic world view To day we stand on the threshold of a new era the information age Far from replacing the atomic view of the world the concept of information can b e enlisted to build up on our current understanding of nature and to ll in remaining gaps We know that atoms are to o small to b e seen with the unaided eye and that relativistic sp eeds are to o fast to b e p erceived We also know that quantum mechanics the language of the atom which replaces the crisp OR of classical physics with an ambiguous AND really describ es the way the world is If Schro dingers cat were of atomic dimensions it would b e b oth alive AND dead What is still unclear after eighty years of eort is how certainty emerges from uncertainty how classical physics articulates with quantum physics The Austrian physicist Anton Zeilinger has prop osed a new fundamental principle based on information that promises to kill two birds with one stone It bridges the divide b etween the classical and the quantized and at the same time throws light on the question of why the world must b e quantized in the rst place Zeilingers Principle attempts to lay a rm foundation for quantum physics in the same way that Einsteins Atomic Hyp othesis and his Principle of Relativity anchor our world view c by MDPI httpwwwmdpiorg Repro duction for noncommercial purp oses p ermitted. -
Emergent Quantum Mechanics 2013
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience EmQM13: Emergent Quantum Mechanics 2013 This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2014 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 504 011001 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/504/1/011001) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 91.64.94.218 This content was downloaded on 16/12/2014 at 11:35 Please note that terms and conditions apply. EmQM13: Emergent Quantum Mechanics 2013 IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 504 (2014) 011001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/504/1/011001 Preface These proceedings comprise the invited lectures of the second international symposium on Emergent Quantum Mechanics (EmQM13), which was held at the premises of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria, 3-6 October 2013. The symposium was held at the "Theatersaal" of the Academy of Sciences, and was devoted to the open exploration of emergent quantum mechanics, a possible "deeper level theory" that interconnects three fields of knowledge: emergence, the quantum, and information. Could there appear a revised image of physical reality from recognizing new links between emergence, the quantum, and information? Could a novel synthesis pave the way towards a 21st century, "superclassical" physics? The symposium provided a forum for discussing (i) important obstacles which need to be overcome as well as (ii) promising developments and research opportunities on the way towards emergent quantum mechanics. Contributions were invited that presented current advances in both standard as well as unconventional approaches to quantum mechanics.