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LEXIKON Alchymie a Hermetických Věd Editoři CLAUS PRIESNER KARIN FIGALA

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LEXIKON Alchymie a Hermetických Věd Editoři CLAUS PRIESNER KARIN FIGALA LEXIKON alchymie a hermetických věd editoři CLAUS PRIESNER KARIN FIGALA Vyšehrad Claus Priesner, Karin Figala (eds.) Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft © Verlag C. H. Beck oHG, München 1998 Translation © Petr Babka, 2006 ISBN 80-7021-815-0 OBSAH PŘEDMLUVA _ _ _ 11 Becher_ _ _ 62 Beireis_ _ _ 63 EDIČNÍ POZNÁMKA _ _ _ 14 Bernardus Trevirensis _ _ _ 64 Bezoár_ _ _ 65 Adept _ _ _ 17 Biringuccio _ _ _ 65 Agricola _ _ _ 17 Böhme _ _ _ 66 Agrippa z Nettesheimu _ _ _ 19 Borax_ _ _ 67 Albert Veliký _ _ _ 20 Böttger _ _ _ 68 Alchymie antická _ _ _ 22 Boyle_ _ _ 70 Alchymie arabská Bragadino _ _ _ 72 a středověká _ _ _ 25 Bronz_ _ _ 73 Alchymie Caetano_ _ _ 74 na knížecích dvorech _ _ _ 28 Cagliostro _ _ _ 76 Alchymie novověká _ _ _ 30 Caput mortuum _ _ _ 77 Alkahest _ _ _ 36 Cín_ _ _ 78 Alkálie (zásady) _ _ _ 37 Crocus_ _ _ 79 Alkohol _ _ _ 38 Croll_ _ _ 80 Alstein_ _ _ 39 Čtverce magické _ _ _ 81 Amulet _ _ _ 40 Dastin_ _ _ 81 Andreae _ _ _ 41 Dee_ _ _ 82 Anima solis _ _ _ 42 Démokritos _ _ _ 84 Antimon . _ _ _ 43 Digby _ _ _ 86 Aristotelés _ _ _ 45 Donum Dei _ _ _ 87 Aristotelismus _ _ _ 46 Dorn_ _ _ 88 Arkánum _ _ _ 48 Drahokamy _ _ _ 90 Arnald z Villanovy _ _ _ 48 Drebbel_ _ _ 92 Arzen_ _ _ 49 Duch_ _ _ 93 Astroalchymie _ _ _ 51 Duns Scotus _ _ _ 94 Aurum potabile _ _ _ 52 Duše _ _ _ 95 Avicenna _ _ _ 52 Duše světa _ _ _ 97 Bacon _ _ _ 53 Elektron _ _ _ 98 Barvy _ _ _ 55 Elias Artista_ _ _ 99 Basilius Valentinus _ _ _ 57 Emblém_ _ _ 99 Fabre_ _ _ 101 Kupfermann _ _ _ 165 Ficinus_ _ _ 102 Kvašení _ _ _ 165 Flamel _ _ _ 104 Kvintesence _ _ _ 166 Flegma_ _ _ 105 Kyseliny _ _ _ 168 Flores _ _ _ 107 Laboratorium _ _ _ 172 Fludd _ _ _ 107 Laboratorní přístroje Fosfor_ _ _ 109 anástroje_ _ _ 174 Geber_ _ _ 111 Lapis philosophorum _ _ _ 178 Glauber_ _ _ 113 Laskaris _ _ _ 182 Gnóze_ _ _ 115 Ledek _ _ _ 183 Goethe _ _ _ 117 Libavius _ _ _ 184 Grashof(f) _ _ _ 120 Logoi spermatikoi _ _ _ 185 Hartmann _ _ _ 121 Logos_ _ _ 186 Helmont _ _ _ 122 Lullus _ _ _ 187 Helvetius _ _ _ 124 Magie _ _ _ 189 Hermafrodit _ _ _ 125 Magnesia _ _ _ 192 Hermés Trismegistos _ _ _ 126 Magnet _ _ _ 193 Hermetismus _ _ _ 130 Maier _ _ _ 194 Historiografie _ _ _ 130 Marie _ _ _ 196 Hollandus _ _ _ 133 Markazit_ _ _ 198 Homunculus _ _ _ 134 Materia prima _ _ _ 198 Hortulanus _ _ _ 135 Matérie _ _ _ 2 01 Chálid ibn Jazíd _ _ _ 135 Měď_ _ _ 202 Chaos_ _ _ 136 Měděnka _ _ _ 204 Chemiatrie _ _ _ 137 Mince a medaile, Chrysokoll(a) _ _ _ 139 alchymické _ _ _ 205 Jan z Rupescissy _ _ _ 139 Moč_ _ _ 207 Jazyk alchymie _ _ _ 140 Morienus _ _ _ 208 Jean de Meun(g) _ _ _ 142 Müller von Mühlenfels _ _ _ 209 Kabala _ _ _ 143 Mysterijní kulty _ _ _ 210 Kalamín _ _ _ 146 Mystika alchymická _ _ _ 211 Kamenec _ _ _ 147 Mytoalchymie _ _ _ 212 Kelley _ _ _ 148 Nafta_ _ _ 213 Khunrath_ _ _ 150 NeWton_ _ _ 214 Kircher _ _ _ 152 Norton_ _ _ 219 Knorr von Rosenroth _ _ _ 154 Okultismus _ _ _ 220 Kobalt _ _ _ 155 Olej _ _ _ 2 21 Kosmos _ _ _ 156 Olovo _ _ _ 222 Krev_ _ _ 157 Opus magnum _ _ _ 224 Kritika alchymie _ _ _ 158 Panacea _ _ _ 226 Krycí jména _ _ _ 160 Papyrus Leiden _ _ _ 227 Kunckel _ _ _ 162 Papyrus Stockholm _ _ _ 227 Paracelsus _ _ _ 228 Střelný prach_ _ _ 292 Petrus Bonus _ _ _ 231 Stříbro _ _ _ 294 Pico della Mirandola _ _ _ 232 Substance _ _ _ 295 Platón_ _ _ 234 Suchten_ _ _ 296 Platonismus, Sůl_ _ _ 297 novoplatonismus _ _ _ 235 Suřík _ _ _ 299 Pneuma _ _ _ 238 Symbol_ _ _ 299 Porta_ _ _ 239 Symboly planet _ _ _ 300 Potaš_ _ _ 240 Sympatie _ _ _ 303 Pracovní postupy _ _ _ 2 41 Tache(nius) _ _ _ 304 Principy _ _ _ 247 Teosofie _ _ _ 306 Příroda, přirozenost _ _ _ 248 Terra sigillata _ _ _ 306 Psychologie alchymie _ _ _ 250 Thurneisser _ _ _ 307 Pythagoras _ _ _ 252 Tomáš Akvinský _ _ _ 309 Regulus _ _ _ 253 Trithemius _ _ _ 309 Rhazes_ _ _ 254 Vápno _ _ _ 311 Richter_ _ _ 255 Vaughan_ _ _ 311 Ripley _ _ _ 256 Vejce filosofické _ _ _ 313 Rosenkruciánství _ _ _ 257 Vinný kámen _ _ _ 314 Rtuť _ _ _ 259 Vitriol _ _ _ 315 Rudolf II. _ _ _ 263 Wedel _ _ _ 316 Ruland (mladší) _ _ _ 265 Welling _ _ _ 317 Rumělka _ _ _ 266 Winthrop _ _ _ 318 Řecký oheň _ _ _ 267 Zákazy alchymie _ _ _ 319 Salamandr _ _ _ 268 Zinek _ _ _ 320 Salmiak _ _ _ 269 Zlato_ _ _ 321 Seiler _ _ _ 270 Zlatodějství _ _ _ 323 Semeno _ _ _ 272 Zlatý korál _ _ _ 327 Sendivogius _ _ _ 273 Zósimos z Panopole _ _ _ 328 Sennert _ _ _ 275 Železo_ _ _ 329 Seton_ _ _ 277 Živly_ _ _ 331 Scholastika _ _ _ 278 Síra_ _ _ 278 Sklo_ _ _ 280 DODATEK: Soda_ _ _ 282 PŘEHLED ALCHYMICKÝCH SYMBOLŮ _ _ _ 335 Spalování _ _ _ 283 Splendor solis _ _ _ 285 PŘEHLED ZKRÁCENĚ Stahl_ _ _ 286 CITOVANÉ LITERATURY _ _ _ 343 Starkey_ _ _ 287 Stefanos Alexandrijský _ _ _ 288 SEZNAM AUTORŮ _ _ _ 344 Stoicismus _ _ _ 289 Stolcius _ _ _ 2 91 REJSTŘÍK _ _ _ 345 (19) Agrippa z Nettesheimu Agrippa z Nettesheimu (vl. jm. Heinrich Cornelius), lékař a okultista * 14. 9. 1486 Kolín nad Rýnem † 1535 Grenoble A. započal studium v Kolíně nad Rýnem roku 1499 a v roce 1502 opustil univer- zitu jako magister artium (mistr svobodných umění). Kromě Paříže o místech jeho dalšího pobytu až do roku 1507 nic nevíme. V roce 1509 přednáší na univerzitě v Dôle o Reuchlinově díle De verbo mirifico („O divuplném slově“), je však vypuzen klérem. Po pobytu v Londýně u Johna Coleta se roku 1511 na vojenský rozkaz vy- dává do Itálie. O rok později je pasován na rytíře („Eques auratus“). Studuje na uni- verzitě v Pavii, kde pravděpodobně získává titul doktora medicíny. Roku 1518 se stává syndikem svobodného říšského města Mety (Metz). Brání před inkvizicí ženu nařčenou z čarodějnictví. Za tuto obhajobu je sám napaden a opouští město. Roku 1520 se vrací zpět do rodného Kolína. Již roku 1522 však působí jako měst- ský lékař v Ženevě a od následujícího roku ve švýcarském Fribourgu. O další rok později získává dvorní úřad lékaře Louisy Savojské, matky francouzského krále. Již v polovině roku 1526 se ovšem jeho situace na královském dvoře rapidně zhor- šuje a A. raději prchá přes Paříž do Antverp, kde od roku 1528 působí jako lékař. Za své zásluhy v době morové nákazy je v roce 1530 jmenován dvorním historio- grafem v Mecheln. Pod tlakem teologické fakulty univerzity v Lovani však již příš- tího roku místo opouští a vydává se nejprve zpátky do Kolína ke dvoru arcibiskupa Hermanna von Wied a později do Bonnu. Cestuje po Německu a roku 1535 míří opět do Francie. Je zatčen v Lyonu a téhož roku umírá v Grenoblu. Jeho ostatky jsou uloženy v tamním dominikánském kostele. První verzi svého základního díla De occulta philosophia („O skryté filosofii“, viz též Õokultismus) napsal A. již v roce 1510. Věnoval ji Johannu ÕTrithemiovi. Brzy začaly kolovat zavádějící opisy, a proto se A. roku 1530 rozhodl dílo přepracovat a vydat je tiskem. Následujícího roku vychází první kniha De occulta philosophia u Johanna Graphaea v Antverpách. Všechny tři knihy pak vydal roku 1533 ve dvou typových variantách Johannes Soter v Kolíně. (Čtvrtá kniha, která vyšla u Andrea Kolbeho v Marburku roku 1559, zcela jistě není od A.) V tomto díle, později často nazývaném „Kompendium magie“ (Õmagie), zpracovává A. novoplatonismus (Õplatonismus), Õhermetismus (tj. mysticko-spekulativní alchymii), astrologii, číselnou mystiku a Õkabalu, které všechny používá jako nástroje poznání a ovládnutí Õkosmu. Druhé velké dílo, De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum atque artium („O pochybnosti a nicotnosti věd a umění“), vyšlo v roce 1530 u Graphaea v Antverpách.
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