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Die Entwicklung Der Kartelltheorie+ Zwischen 1883 Und Den 1930Er Jahren Von Internationaler Vielfalt Zu Konvergenz

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Die Entwicklung Der Kartelltheorie+ Zwischen 1883 Und Den 1930Er Jahren Von Internationaler Vielfalt Zu Konvergenz HildesHeimer BeitrÄge zu tHeologie und gescHicHte 1 Holm Arno Leonhardt die entwicklung der kartelltHeorie+ zwiscHen 1883 und den 1930er JaHren Von internationaler Vielfalt zu Konvergenz Syndicats industriels Ententes Comptoirs Trusts Pools Combinations Associations Kartells Cartelle Unternehmerverbände Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte Reihe B: Geschichte und Geschichtsdidaktik Herausgegeben von Mario Müller und Martin Schreiner Band 1 Holm Arno Leonhardt Die Entwicklung der Kartelltheorie+ zwischen 1883 und den 1930er Jahren Von internationaler Vielfalt zu Konvergenz 2016 Impressum Dieses Werk ist mit der Creative-Commons-Nutzungslizenz «Namensnennung – Nicht kommerziell – Keine Bearbeitung 3.0 Deutschland» versehen. Weitere Informationen finden sind unter: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © Universitätsverlag Hildesheim Universitätsplatz 1 31141 Hildesheim Erstausgabe Hildesheim 2016 Redaktion & Satz: Mario Müller Titelblatt: Inga Günther, Hildesheim © Logo HiBTG: Jan Jäger, Hannover Online-ISSN 2509-9841 Zitierempfehlung Holm Arno Leonhardt: Die Entwicklung der Kartelltheorie+ zwischen 1883 und den 1930er Jahren. Von internationaler Vielfalt zu Konvergenz. Hildesheim: Universitätsverlag Hildes- heim 2016 (Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte, Reihe B: Geschichte und Geschichtsdidaktik, Bd. 1). Online-Publikation abrufbar unter: https://www.uni-hildesheim. de/bibliothek/publizieren/open-access-universitaetsverlag/verlagsprogramm/ hildesheimer-beitraege-zu-theologie-und-geschichte/ Zum Autor Holm Arno Leonhardt: geb. 1952 in Manila/Philippinen, Studi- um der Politik, Soziologie, Volkswirtschaftstheorie und des Öf- fentlichen Rechts in Göttingen und Hannover. Seit 1985 als wis- senschaftlicher Bibliothekar mit Schwerpunkt auf der inhaltlichen Erschließung von Literatur tätig. Schon in den 1970er Jahren hatte sich Leonhardt für das Phä- nomen der Kartelle als sozialer Organisationsform interessiert. Der Autor vertritt eine weite Definition von Kartell im Sinne eines «Bündnisses von Konkurrenten». Für ihn sind alle Interessenver- bände, unter Einschluss auch internationaler Organisationen wie der Vereinten Nationen, der EU, des Weltfußballverbands oder des Weltkirchenrats, als Kartelle analysierbar. Typisch für diese Ver- einigungen, die ökonomischen wie nichtökonomischen, sei das in ihnen herrschende permanente Konflikt- und Interessenmanagement. Die Einengung des Kartellbegriffs auf potenziell störende Zusammenschlüsse in der Wirtschaft sei normativ und blockiere weitergehende Theorieentwicklungen. Nach einer Monographie (Dissertation) über «politische Machtkämpfe in der EG 1950– 1983» und mehreren Aufsätzen in den 1980er Jahren veröffentlichte Leonhardt ab 2008 wieder mehrere Aufsätze und 2013 als breit angelegtes Werk «Kartelltheorie und Internationale Bezie- hungen. Theoriegeschichtliche Studien», in welchem er seinen Ansatz und sein Erkenntnisin- teresse umfassend erläuterte. Diese neueren Arbeiten wurden vom Institut für Geschichte der Universität Hildesheim betreut, insbesondere von Prof. Dr. Michael Gehler. Die vorliegende Studie zur «Entwicklung der Kartelltheorie+ zwischen 1883 und den 1930er Jahren von inter- nationaler Vielfalt zu Konvergenz» ist eine Ergänzung von Leonhardts größerem Werk von 2013 und schließt eine Forschungslücke bezüglich der internationalen Dimension der frühen Kartelltheorie. Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte Band 1 Herausgegeben von Mario Müller und Martin Schreiner Universitätverlag Hildesheim: Hildesheim 2016 Ein besonderes Anliegen Leonhardts ist der Schutz historischer Kartellgebäude, die bislang oft gedankenlos abgerissen wurden. Es handelt sich dabei um ehemalige Verkaufssyndikate, Vorläuferformen unserer heutigen Großkonzerne, in denen nicht selten Hunderte von Ange- stellten Aufträge annahmen, disponierten und fakturierten. Noch stehen einige dieser, zum Teil immer noch stattlichen Kartellbauten, aber ihre Herkunft wird der breiten Öffentlichkeit nicht mitgeteilt: An keinem jener früheren Kartellsitze steht ein Gedenkschild: Seht her, hier bestand in vergangenen Zeiten ein Absatzkartell für Stahl, Kohle, Kali … Abbildung 1. Ruhrkohlehaus zu Essen, 1952 Abbildung 2. Stahlwerksverband (Stahlhof) und Walzstahlhaus zu Düsseldorf Gebäude von 1908 und 1940 Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte Band 1 Herausgegeben von Mario Müller und Martin Schreiner Universitätverlag Hildesheim: Hildesheim 2016 Dank Die vorliegende Arbeit war ursprünglich als Aufsatz konzipiert und bei mehreren Zeitschrif- ten eingereicht worden. Die umfassendsten und wertvollsten Hinweise, das Thema der Arbeit wissenschaftstheoretisch zu schärfen und seine Ergebnisse zu aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Diskursen enger in Beziehung zu setzen, kamen von der Redaktion der Zeitschrift ‹Viertel- jahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte› (VSWG). Der Redaktion und ihren Gut- achterInnen erkläre ich meinen ausdrücklichen Dank für ihre – mehr als branchenübliche – konstruktive Unterstützung. Jene Anregungen führten allerdings auch dazu, dass das Format eines Aufsatzes deutlich überschritten wurde und eine Publikation als kleine Monographie angebracht erschien. Des Weiteren bedanke ich mich bei den Herausgebern der Reihe «Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte» sowie beim Verlag der Universität Hildesheim für die freundliche Entscheidung, das vorliegende Werk zu publizieren. Herrn PD Dr. Mario Müller und allen an- deren, die an der Vorbereitung des elektronischen Layouts beteiligt waren, sei für ihre Mühen und Sorgfalt ein besonderer Dank ausgesprochen. Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte Band 1 Herausgegeben von Mario Müller und Martin Schreiner Universitätverlag Hildesheim: Hildesheim 2016 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung und Forschungsfrage ................................................ 9 1.1 Forschungsstand ................................................................11 1.2 Forschungsziel ..................................................................12 1.3 Forschungsmethodik ........................................................... 12 2. Kartell-Begriff und Kartelltheorie .............................................. 14 2.1 Die konkurrierenden Begriffe: Kartell, Verband, syndicat, entente, association, union, combination und trust ................................................... 15 2.2 Generalisierung oder Dichotomie der Zusammenschlussformen? . 18 3. Die Wissenschaftskommunikation über unternehmerische Zusammenschlüsse bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg ...................................................... 25 3.1 Der Austausch zwischen Mitteleuropa und der Romania ........................... 27 3.2 Die Konstruktion von ‹Bedeutung› in Literaturverzeichnissen der Romania und Mitteleuropas .................................................................. 29 3.3 Der Austausch zwischen der Anglosphäre und Kontinentaleuropa. 32 4. Die Herausbildung einer neuen, funktionalistischen Kartelltheorie in Deutschland zwischen 1889 und 1905 ........................................ 33 5. Die Besonderheiten der Kartelltheorie im Verhältnis zu den Syndikats-, Kombinations- und Trusttheorien ............................................. 37 5.1 Kartelltheorie versus romanische Syndikatstheorie ................................ 37 5.1.1 Funktionalismus als Modernitätskriterium für organisationswissenschaftliche Theorien ....................................................................... 38 5.1.2 Die Einhaltung wissenschaftlicher Standards auf Seiten der Syndikatstheorie . 38 5.1.3 Die Idealisierung des ‹cartel allemand› durch Vertreter der französischen Syndikatstheorie ................................................................ 42 5.2 Kartelltheorie und Syndikatslehre versus angelsächsische Kombinations- und Trusttheorien ................................................................. 47 6. Die Verbands- und Konzentrationstheorien nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg ......... 49 6.1 Die Debatten der Weltwirtschaftskonferenz von 1927 .............................. 52 6.2 Internationale Terminologiearbeit zum Kartell- und Konzernwesen . 55 6.3 Der Diskurs über Unternehmenszusammenschlüsse in späteren Jahren . 57 Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte Band 1 Herausgegeben von Mario Müller und Martin Schreiner Universitätverlag Hildesheim: Hildesheim 2016 7. Die Durchsetzung der deutschen Kartelltheorie auf internationaler Ebene – ein Erklärungsversuch ......................................................... 59 8. Kritik bestehender Befunde zur Kartellgeschichte .............................. 64 9. Rückständigkeit oder Modernität der deutschen Volkswirtschaftslehre im 20. Jahrhundert? ........................................................... 67 Literaturverzeichnis ........................................................... 73 Abstract (deutsch) ............................................................ 82 Abstract (englisch) ............................................................ 82 Abbildungsverzeichnis ........................................................ 83 Hildesheimer Beiträge zu Theologie und Geschichte Band 1 Herausgegeben von Mario Müller und Martin Schreiner Universitätverlag Hildesheim: Hildesheim 2016 H. A. Leonhardt: Die Entwicklung der Kartelltheorie+ zwischen 1883 und den 1930er Jahren 9 1. Einleitung und Forschungsfrage
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