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RIS) Categories Approved by Recommendation 4.7 of the Conference of the Contracting Parties

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RIS) Categories Approved by Recommendation 4.7 of the Conference of the Contracting Parties Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 of the Conference of the Contracting Parties. 1. Date this sheet was completed/ updated: March 2002 _____________________________________ FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. 2. Country: BULGARIA DD MM YY _____________________________________ Designation date Site Reference Number 3. Name of wetland: PODA 4. Geographical coordinates: 42o27'30''N / 27 o27'00''E 5. Elevation: (average and/or max. & min.) 0 - 3 m ASL 6. Area: (in hectares) 306.63 ha 7. Overview: (general summary, in two or three sentences, of the wetland’s principal characteristics) A marshy wetland, located at the seacoast. Originates as a part of the Burgas-Mandra firth. Later forms the easternmost lagoon part of Mandra Lake. Because of human interference the area changes its natural appearance after the 1960s, but later recovers. Presently a mosaic of different habitats – freshwater, brackish, saline, hyper-saline pools, flooded areas, etc. – has formed in spite of the site’s small area. Poda is a typical representative example of a lagoon with natural habitats, although secondary evolved. The Ramsar site includes as well a shallow sea bay adjacent to the lagoon named Phoros. The wetland is inhabited by more than 260 rare, vulnerable and endangered species of plants and animals, incl. 8 globally threatened species of birds: Dalmatian Pelican, Pygmy Cormorant, Red- breasted Goose, Red-breasted Goose, Ferruginous Duck, White-headed Duck, Spotted Eagle, Imperial Eagle and Corncrake. 8. Wetland Type (please circle the applicable codes for wetland types; in the present document, the “Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type” is found on page 9) 1 marine-coastal: A ● B ● C ● D ● E ● F ● G ● H ● I ● J ● K ● Zk(a) inland: L ● M ● N ● O ● P ● Q ● R ● Sp ● Ss ● Tp Ts ● U ● Va ● Vt ● W ● Xf ● Xp ● Y ● Zg ● Zk(b) human- made: 1 ● 2 ● 3 ● 4 ● 5 ● 6 ● 7 ● 8 ● 9 ● Zk(c) Please now rank these wetland types by listing them from the most to the least dominant: A - J - E - K - 9 9. Ramsar Criteria: (Please circle the applicable Criteria; the Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of International Importance are reprinted beginning on page 11 of this document.) 1 ● 2 ● 3 ● 4 ● 5 ● 6 ● 7 ● 8 Please specify the most significant criterion applicable to the site: 2 10. Map of the site included? YES (Please refer to the Explanatory Note Guidelines document for information regarding desirable map traits). 11. Name and address of the compiler of this form: Mr. Anton Kovachev Conservation Officer, Nature Conservation Centre “PODA” Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BirdLife Bulgaria P.O.Box 361 BG- 8000 Burgas Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.bspb.org; http://www.bspb-poda.de/ ________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Justification of the criteria selected under point 9, on previous page. Criterion 1 – Poda is a particularly good representative example of a natural coastal wetland in the western Black Sea region. Criterion 2 – Poda is inhabited by more than 260 rare, vulnerable and endangered species of plants and animals. The wetland supports: - 8 globally threatened species of birds: Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus), Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus), Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis), Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca), White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala), Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Corncrake (Crex crex). 2 - 1 globally threatened mammal species – Otter (Lutra lutra) - 236 species of birds and 19 species of other vertebrates included in the Bern Convention List - 151 species of birds included in the Convention for Protection of the Migrating Wild Animals List - 5 plant species and 78 animal species included in the Bulgarian Red Data Book Criterion 3 – One of the richest sites in terms of bird species diversity on a unit of area, including 252 species on 1 km2 (the size of Poda Protected Area). It is a hotspot not only for bird diversity, but it also supports (despite its small area) several species of fish, 5 species of amphibians, 9 species of reptiles, 16 species of mammals and 231 species of vascular plants. Some of the species with very limited distribution like Etruscan Shrew (Suncus etruscus) – Poda is the third place in the country where the species has been observed. Criterion 4 – The site is an important stopover for migratory water bird species, mainly pelicans, egrets and herons, cormorants. During adverse winter conditions the site hosts high concentrations of waterfowl (Tufted Duck, White-headed Duck, etc.). It provides extremely important breeding ground for a mixed colony of spoonbills, glossy ibises and 5 species of egrets and herons. It is the only site along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast where spoonbills breed. Criterion 6 – The wetlands regularly supports >1 % of the biogeographical populations of the following wintering species: Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus) - up to 203 ind. (8,1% of the Black Sea/Mediterranean population); Great White Egret (Egretta alba) - up to 244 ind. (2% of the Black Sea/Mediterranean population); Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) - up to 12,800 ind. (2,1% of the Central Europe/Black Sea/Mediterranean population); White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala) - up to 183 ind. (1,6% of the E Mediterranean/Turkey/SW Asia population). 13. General location: (include the nearest large town and its administrative region) Poda is located on the south Bulgarian Black Sea coast, next to the southern industrial zone of the city of Burgas (population of about 200,000). The site is within Burgas Municipality and Burgas District territory. It is an indivisible part of the Burgas wetlands complex, comprised of three big lakes: Atanasovsko, Vaya and Mandra. It comprises the easternmost lagoon part of Mandra Lake. Its border on the east is the Black Sea – Bourgas bay, on the west – the international road E87, on the north – the fence of the shipyards "Iliya Boyadjiev” and on the south – the canal connecting Mandra Lake with the sea. 14. Physical features: (e.g., geology, geomorphology; origins - natural or artificial; hydrology; soil type; water quality; water depth; water permanence; fluctuations in water level; tidal variations; catchment area; downstream area; climate) 14.1. Geology 3 Poda belongs to the biggest Bulgarian firth – the Burgas-Mandra firth, which is 19 km long, 6,3 km wide and has an area of 108,6 km2. The area is located over Holocene sediments up to 50m thickness along the beach. They contain two peat layers, one at a depth of 28-29m and the other – at 35-37m. The deeper layer contains methane, gravel and cultural remnants. Fossils have been discovered and those coming from over 10m are related with the ancient Black Sea transgression (the first phase of salting the bay). The area is located over the Burgas syncline with the Burgas graben within it. In general the earth crust movements are related to the sinking of the Burgas lowland with 1,46 mm annually. The main rock is composed of Cenonic volcanic rocks and tuffs, with Neogene, Pleistocene and Holocene sediments over it. The beach in front of the protected area is composed of alevrite quartz sand. 14.2. Origins In the past the Poda territory used to be marshy, almost all of it covered by aquatic vegetation (probably reed). The later intensive human activities within the area played a decisive role for shaping the present-day appearance of the site. A barrier fishing device (guard) was constructed in 1928-29. With the outset of the construction work on the oil processing refinery "NEFTOCHIM" in 1960, the Eastern part of the Mandra Lake was given up for the construction of a lake intended for oxidizing (later stabilizing) lakes intended for the factory waste water. In 1963 a barrage was built turning a great part of the semi-saline Mandra Lake into a freshwater reservoir, collecting water from the rivers Izvorska, Fakiiska, Sredetska, (Groudovo) and Roussokastrenska. That part of the ex-lake remained to the East of the barrage retains its connection to the sea. It is now known as Uzungeren. With the construction of the international road E87, in the early 70s, part of the fourth oxidizing lake was torn away. This alongside with the Burgas Shipyards fence brings about the final shaping of the future protected area in its present borders. To shape the area’s final appearance, the later intensive human activities contributed a lot. Owing to them, zones differing in shape, size and animal/plant composition were formed. Human activity was mainly expressed in passing two oil pipelines (the one is no longer used at present, and the other will soon be out of operation); water mains, power line; drainage canal collecting water from the Komloushka Lowland. Immediately along the western border of the site are placed technical devices (various types of cables). They are all buried underground past the international road E87. Some of the postal and telephone services devices pass through Poda as well. All these activities in the area and adjacent basins exert a direct influence on the formation of specific plant communities and related birds and other animals inhabiting the area. On discharging water from the reservoir (and particularly, on overflowing due to spring high water) to the Southern part of Poda a quantity of freshwater is let flow. It 'dissolves' saline sea water in the South-east part of the area. This is also favoured by the remnants of the ex-guard serving as breakwater against the strong wave activities in the bay. With water freshened and natural shallow places in this part of the area, this helps the rapid growing of specific plant communities far into the sea - mainly reed massifs, and -at places- Bolboschonus maritimus. 14.3. Hydrology, water quality and quantity 4 Both the historical development of the Burgas-Mandra firth and various types of anthropogenic activities in the area provide a good illustration of the impact of nearby water quantities for shaping and maintaining the hydrological background of protected natural areas.
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