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(Rio Negro, Argentina). Preliminary Paleontological Analysis and Experimental Geophysical Applications Atti Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., Mem., Serie B, 118 (2011) pagg. 89-96, figg. 5; doi: 10.2424/ASTSN.M.2011.27 W. Landini (*) (**), L. Chiappini (**), F. Finotti (***), D. Foffa (****), C. Sorbini (**) A NEW uPPER CretaceouS titanosauR FOSSIL assemblage IN THE northern Patagonia (RIO Negro, Argentina). Preliminary paleontological analySIS AND experimental GEOPHySICAL applications Abstract - A new titanosaur fossil assemblage has been dis- Sono state condotte, in via del tutto sperimentale, delle appli- covered by researchers of the Italian museum network Pan- cazioni geofisiche (geoelettrica e sismica passiva) nell’area gea in collaboration with the Museo Patagonico de Ciencia fossilifera, per individuare vertebrati fossili all’interno dei Naturales of General Roca (Rio Negro, Argentina). This fos- corpi sedimentari, senza contatto diretto con i reperti (remote siliferous deposit is included in the continental sediments of sensing). I risultati di queste applicazioni sono stati di un the Anacleto Formation (late Santonian-early Campanian), certo interesse e, se integrati con le attività di scavo paleon- outcropping in the northern sector of the of El Cuy valley. tologico, possono diventare strategici per la selezione delle Preliminary studies on the 3D digital models of five sig- aree fossilifere. nificant fossil remains allowed us to preliminarily attribute them to the genus Laplatasaurus Huene (1929). Taphonomic, Parole chiave - Dinosauri, Cretaceo, Patagonia, applicazioni sedimentological and paleontological analyses indicate a flu- geofisiche. vial-lacustrine depositional environment. The well preserved bones, their concentration at the base of the fossiliferous layer, the presence of sub-adult and adult individuals allow Introduction us to hypothesize a gregarious behavior. The cause of death can be attributed to a sudden flooding of the basin that buried a whole herd of titanosaurs. Dinosaur remains are spread in all the continents from During the paleontological digging fields (2008-2010) new the North of Alaska to the Antarctic Peninsula. Argen- not invasive methods of geophysical survey (geoelectric and tina in general and Patagonia in particular are areas of passive seismic techniques) have been tested to find fos- world-wide paleontological importance for the great sil vertebrate remains within sedimentary bodies without amount of findings and for their temporal range almost any direct contact with the specimens (remote sensing). continue since the upper Triassic (Noric) to the end of The results of these applications have been of some interest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). and, if integrated with paleontological excavation activities, Among the dinosaur paleontological heritage of Argen- can become strategic to the selection of fossiliferous areas. tina, Titanosauria (Sauropoda) represent one of the most Key words - Dinosaurs, Cretaceous, Patagonia, geophysic meaningful and best represented groups. Titanosaurs, in applications. fact, although diffused in many continental areas (North America, Europe, Africa, Madagascar, India), in South Riassunto - Un nuovo giacimento a titanosauri nella Patago- America present the most complete record (Powell, nia settentrionale (Rio Negro, Argentina). Analisi paleontolo- 2003). Since the first studies of Huene (1929) to the gica preliminare e applicazioni di geofisica sperimentale. un present (Juarez Valieri et al., 2011), a rich paleontologi- nuovo giacimento a titanosauri è stato scoperto da ricercatori cal literature allows to trace a much articulated picture della rete museale italiana Pangea in collaborazione con il of their radiation, even if the incompleteness of many Museo Patagonico di Scienze Naturali di General Roca (Rio Negro, Argentina). Il deposito fossilifero è incluso nei sedi- specimens and, in several cases, the not well dated his- menti continentali della Formazione Anacleto (Santoniano torical fossil deposits, leave still open questions involv- superiore-Campaniano inferiore), che affiorano nel settore ing systematics, phylogeny and paloebiogeography. settentrionale della valle di El Cuy. In these last decades, with the aim to valorize this rich Gli studi preliminari condotti su modelli digitali in 3D di paleontological heritage, field researches and muse- cinque dei reperti recuperati consentono di attribuirli, in via um projects have been started. In Patagonia, among preliminare, al genere Laplatasaurus Huene (1929). Analisi the main activities in this field, are the Paleontologi- tafonomiche, sedimentologiche e paleontologiche indicano cal Museum «E. Feruglio» in Trelew (Chubut) and un ambiente di deposizione di tipo fluvio-lacustre. some meaningful local museums realized as a result La buona conservazione dei reperti, la loro concentrazione alla base del livello fossilifero, la presenza di individui adulti of some spectacular findings (the Argentinosaurus in e subadulti consentono di ipotizzare un modo di vita gregario Plaza Huincul, the Giganotosaurus in the «Museo per questo tipo di dinosauri. Le cause della morte possono del Chocon», etc.). However, although the immense essere ricondotte ad un improvviso allagamento del bacino Patagonian territory is one of the most famous for the che avrebbe sepolto un intero branco di titanosauri. density of the fossiliferous outcrops and quality of the (*) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, università di Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] (**) Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, università di Pisa, via Roma 79, 56011 Calci (Pisa), Italy. E-mail: [email protected] - sor- [email protected] - [email protected] (***) Museo Civico di Rovereto, Borgo Santa Caterina 41, 38068 Rovereto (Trento), Italy. E-mail: [email protected] (****) E-mail: [email protected] 90 W. LANDINI, L. CHIAPPINI, F. FINOTTI, D. FOFFA, C. SORBINI findings, the projects on the geoconservation, protec- & Leanza, 2001). The Neuquen group (Leanza et al., tion and valorization of this huge heritage are very few 2004) is divided in three subgroups: Rio Limay (Ceno- and many meaningful fossiliferous areas are at risk of manian-lower Turonian), Rio Neuquen (lower Turoni- a fast endangerment. an-Santonian) and Rio Colorado (lower Santonian- Beginning since 2005, the Natural History Museum Campanian). The Neuquen group is stratigraphically of the Pisa university as scientific advisor of the Pan- overlapped by the Malargue group, whose lowermost gea museums network (whose other members are the part is represented by the Allen Formation, through an Museum of Rovereto (TN), the Geopaleontological erosive unconformity. Museum of Lerici (SP), the Fossils and Ambers Muse- All the investigated sites in which dinosaurs bony um of San Valentino (PE) and the regional Museum remains have been found during the surveys organized of Natural Sciences of Turin) started a project for the by Pangea (2005-2010) belong to deposits of the Rio valorization of the paleontological heritage in the Rio Colorado subgroup (Neuquen group), and precisely to Negro province (northern Patagonia, Argentina) as a the Bajo de la Carpa (Santonian) and Anacleto (Santo- tool for cultural promotion, technological application nian-Campanian) Formations. and socio-economic development in the area (Landini The Bajo de la Carpa Formation consists of medium- & Rissicini, 2008; Finotti & Landini, 2009). large grained and well cemented quartz sandstones, The project, besides the field research, the scientif- outcropping for a thickness of 90-105 meters in vari- ic study and the valorization of the paleontological ous colors from pink-grayish to purple-reddish, whose resources, has among its main objectives the testing of alternation results in an evident horizontal striping. new not invasive geophysical technologies for the loca- The thick benches represent continental sediments with tion of vertebrate fossiliferous outcrops and the use of cross stratification interrupted by the frequent presence 3D models for conservation, cataloguing and duplica- of quartz geodes filled by calcite crystals. In the upper tion of the specimens. part of the Formation are exposed some layers inter- Since 2005, the Pangea network in collaboration with preted as paleo-soils, which are evidence of periods of the MACN of Buenos Aires, the Patagonian Associa- marked stability of the zone with interruption of the tion for Natural Sciences of General Roca (Rio Negro) sedimentation. The Anacleto Formation develops in and, since 2008, the newly born Museo Patagonico de transition with the Bajo de la Carpa Formation for a Ciencias Naturales of General Roca, has organized a thickness ranging between 10 and 60 meters. As the series of field researches in the Rio Negro province with preceding one, it is formed by continental sediments: the aim to locate new dinosaur fossiliferous outcrops dark purple-reddish in color alternated to white-pinkish and to test for the first time some geophysical method- sandstones and claystones and concretional limestone ologies. Such researches have been focused on the area (Fig. 2). This alternation of layers with different chro- of Passo Cordoba (Rio Negro), where the upper Cre- matic shadings gives to the deposit a typical striped taceous continental sediments of Bajo de la Carpa and aspect. Anacleto Formations outcrop with a wide continuity. In both Formations abundant fossil remains have been These first investigations (2005-06) allowed to locate found: silicized trunks even of large dimensions, a several sites with dinosaur
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