INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

ITTO

PROJECT PROPOSAL

TITLE RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH EFFICIENT CHARCOAL AND BRIQUETTE PRODUCTION FROM LOGGING AND CORN BIOMASS RESIDUES IN THE AFRAM PLAINS DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA

SERIAL NUMBER PD 612/11 Rev.2 (I)

COMMITTEE FOREST INDUSTRY

SUBMITTED BY GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

ORIGINAL LANGUAGE ENGLISH

SUMMARY

Woodfuels (firewood and charcoal), used mainly for cooking and heating are the traditional source of energy for 80 percent of the urban population and more than 96 percent of the rural population in Ghana. Charcoal production in Ghana is characterised by the use of obsolete, wasteful and inefficient technologies; almost all the charcoal kilns in Ghana are the traditional earth mound type, which is least efficient (about 14%) in terms of charcoal yield. This inefficiency has serious environmental implications since a lot of wood resources would have to be extracted from the forest thereby contributing to deforestation. The specific objective of this project is to train local charcoal producers to adopt the use of improved charcoal and briquette production techniques using logging and agricultural residues towards sustainable forest management. The proposed project will promote the adoption of an improved wood carbonisation production technology which is an advanced form of fuelwood thermo-chemical conversion system using logging and agriculture (corn) residues as well as promote the conversion of the pulverised charcoal into briquette.

EXECUTING AGENCY KOFORIDUA POLYTECHNIC in collaboration with FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF GHANA (FORIG)

COOPERATING --- GOVERNMENTS

DURATION 24 MONTHS

APPROXIMATE TO BE DETERMINED STARTING DATE

BUDGET AND PROPOSED Source Contribution SOURCES OF FINANCE in US$ ITTO 550,692 Government of Ghana 204,000

TOTAL 754,692

Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 1 PROJECT BRIEF ...... 2 MAP OF PROJECT AREA...... 4 PART 1. PROJECT CONTEXT...... 5 1.1 ORIGIN ...... 5 1.2 RELEVANCE...... 5 1.2.1 Conformity with ITTO’s objectives and priorities ...... 5 1.2.2 Relevance to the submitting country’s policies...... 7 1.3 TARGET AREA ...... 7 1.3.1 Geographic location ...... 7 1.3.2 Social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects...... 8 1.4 EXPECTED OUTCOMES AT PROJECT COMPLETION...... 9 PART 2. PROJECT RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES...... 10 2.1 RATIONALE ...... 10 2.1.1 Institutional set-up and organizational issues ...... 10 2.1.2 Stakeholder analysis ...... 11 2.1.3 Problem Tree Analysis...... 12 2.1.4 Logical framework matrix ...... 13 2.2 OBJECTIVES...... 16 Development objective and impact indicators...... 17 2.2.1 Specific objective and outcome indicators...... 17 PART 3. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT INTERVENTIONS ...... 18 3.1 OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES ...... 18 3.1.1 Outputs...... 18 3.1.2 Activities ...... 18 3.2 IMPLEMENTATION APPROACHES AND METHODS ...... 18 OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES ...... 20 3.4 Budget...... 21 3.4.1 Master Budget...... 21 3.4.2 Consolidated budget by component...... 23 3.4.3 ITTO budget by component...... 27 3.4.4 Executing agency budget by component ...... 29 3.5 ASSUMPTIONS, RISKS, SUSTAINABILITY...... 30 3.5.1 Assumptions and risks...... 30 3.5.2 Sustainability ...... 30 PART 4. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS...... 31 4.1 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT MECHANISMS...... 31 4.1.1. Executing agency and partners...... 31 4.1.2. Project management team ...... 31 4.1.3. Project steering committee ...... 31 4.1.4. Stakeholder involvement mechanisms...... 32 4.2 REPORTING, REVIEW, MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 32 4.3 DISSEMINATION AND MAINSTREAMING OF PROJECT LEARNING ...... 33 4.3.1 Dissemination of project results ...... 33 4.3.2 Mainstreaming project learning ...... 33 ANNEX 1. PROFILES OF THE EXECUTING AND COLLABORATING AGENCIES ...... 34 ANNEX 2. TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY EXPERTS PROVIDED BY THE EXECUTING AGENCY ...... 37 ANNEX 3. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF PERSONEL AND CONSULTANTS AND SUB CONTRACT FUNDED BY ITTO ...... 42 ANNEX 4. COLLABORATION LETTER FROM THE FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF GHANA (FORIG) ...... 43 ANNEX 5. RESPONSE TO OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATION FROM THE 43RD ITTO EXPERT PANEL ...... 44

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PROJECT BRIEF

The bulk of energy supply in Ghana is met from woodfuels, i.e. firewood and charcoal. Woodfuels account for about 70 percent of total primary energy supply. The bulk of woodfuels amounting to 90 percent is obtained directly from the natural forest. The remaining 10 percent is from wood waste i.e. logging and sawmill residue, and planted forests. However, woodfuel resources are depleting at a faster rate as a result of unsustainable practices in the production and marketing of the product that incurs high levels of waste.

The forest cover of Ghana which contains over 300 species capable of growing to timber size has reduced from 8.2 million hectares in 1984 to the current cover area of 1.3 million hectares. The rate of deforestation in Ghana is estimated at 65,000 hectares per annum and therefore Ghana is likely to lose its forest cover in less than 25 years if this rate of deforestation persists. In order to ensure that timber harvesting in Ghana’s natural forest can be sustained into the future, an annual allowable cut (AAC) has been set at 1 million m3 of round logs. Besides, other measures like ban on chainsaw operations have been put into place to ensure the sustainability of Ghana’s forest. However, the demand for wood is so alarming that the AAC of 1 million m3 is insufficient to meet the nations demand for wood. In Ghana, it is estimated that for every tree felled nearly 50% of the tree volume is left in the forest in the form of branches, crownwood, and stumps.

In 2000, the annual production or yield of wood was about 30 million tonnes of which about 18 million tonnes was available and accessible for woodfuels. Although the exploitation of wood resources for woodfuels is not the main cause of deforestation, there are indications that the preferred woodfuel species are gradually disappearing. In Ghana, the major charcoal producing areas of Donkorkrom (Afram Plains District), Kintampo, Nkoranza, Wenchi, Damongo show physical signs of depleted woodfuel resources. As a result, producers have to travel longer distances in search of wood for charcoal production. Also, the extensive use of less preferred wood species for fuel such as nim and wawa are becoming popular.

Since majority of households, about 80% in Ghana depend on woodfuels for cooking and water heating in addition to commercial, industrial and institutional use, the demand for woodfuel has for the past years been on the increase. As indicated above about 18 million tonnes of fuelwood was used in year 2000. If this trend of consumption continues, Ghana is likely to consume more than 25 million tonnes of fuel wood by the year 2020.The energy sector is therefore determined to reduce losses in the conversion of wood to charcoal and also losses in end-use to give way to reduced cost in charcoal production and savings in end-use.

Charcoal production in Ghana is characterised by the use of obsolete, wasteful and inefficient technologies; almost all the charcoal kilns in Ghana are the traditional earth mound type, which is least efficient (about 14%) in terms of charcoal yield. This inefficiency has serious environmental implications since more wood resources would have to be extracted from the forest thereby contributing to deforestation. Currently, the efficiency of the traditional kiln which is widely used for charcoal production is about 14%, whereas improved kilns can achieve as much as 30%.

Due to inefficiencies in the production of charcoal, a large portion of the charcoal get pulverised in the process and are left unused. In addition to the above, corn-cobs, an agricultural residue, which is in abundance in Ghana are often gathered and burnt after harvesting the corn. These corn-cobs and charcoal residues can be further processed into briquettes using local materials.

The development objective of this proposal is to contribute towards rural community capacity building through education and the transfer of improved and efficient charcoal and briquette production technology. The achievement of the development objective will be measured by two indicators (i) the availability of improved charcoal production technology and (ii) increased in income levels of charcoal producers by 80%, a year after the completion of the project. The specific objective of this proposal is to train local charcoal producers to adopt the use of improved charcoal and briquette production techniques from logging and agricultural residues towards sustainable forest management. The outcome indicators would be that about 90% of community charcoal producers will use logging and

2 agricultural residues for charcoal and briquette production; and also have the capacity to operate and maintain constructed kilns and briquette plants effectively.

The project will be implemented in four communities in the Afram Plains District, the major charcoal producing area in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The predominant economic activity in these towns is agriculture, with 70% and 75% of the population respectively engaged in farming. The towns are connected to the national electricity grid and have well distributed road networks. The selection of Afram Plains was also based on its proximity to the polytechnic compared with other major charcoal producing areas in Ghana, with the aim to promote efficient technologies for charcoal production to minimize impact on forest degradation. The transfer of improved technology for charcoal production will help to reduce waste of wood resources, and raise incomes of beneficiary charcoal producers. Local charcoal producers (usually women) will have the chance to be more productive through paid work that would raise their family’s income and improve their standard of living. The project will reduce woodfuel exploitation and help abate climate change. The project will thus, not only be a platform for demonstration but will also contribute to the achievement of the MDGs 1 and 7: eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, and ensuring environmental sustainability.

The project results would be sustained by the following means. Technically, since the project involves the construction of improved kiln, its operation and maintenance, the project will equip local producers on operation and daily maintenance of the constructed kilns. Again, since the project does not require additional resources to operate, it sustainability is assured. There will also be a quarterly maintenance review by the polytechnic. Institutionally the executing agency, Koforidua Polytechnic, has a department of Energy Systems running courses in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. As part of the project activities, the departmental capacity will be developed to continue the project. Politically, considering the government key energy policy objective of efficient conversion and utilisation of woodfuel is to introduce new and innovative ways of producing woodfuel more efficiently and cost effective, the support and commitment of government to the objectives of the project is assured for the sustenance of the project.

The proposed project is likely to face the risk of a possible lack of Interest by traditional charcoal Producers: There is a possible lack of interest by the traditional charcoal producers who have no knowledge of the benefits of the technology, and are not well educated and skilled to operate and maintain such a relatively composite technology. To mitigate this risk, the charcoal producers will be trained to acquire basic skills in material handling and the operation of the pyrolysis plants. Comprehensive sensitisation and education campaign will be organised to demonstrate the benefits of the technology to the producers. Again, there is lack of skilled personnel and technicians well trained for the process and instrumentation control, plant installation and maintenance. As a mitigation measure, workshops will be organized to provide training for more than 8 facilitators including lecturers, technicians and Energy Systems Engineering students to assist in the implementation process. The Department runs a course in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion and lecturers will be assisting in this direction. In addition to the above risk, a typical plant with a capacity of 3 metric tons is expected to yield charcoal with expected annual revenue of about US$ 270,000. The exportation of charcoal is a lucrative and worthwhile venture in Ghana; charcoal exports to Europe and Asia are valued at US$400,000 annually. Technology transfer of improved charcoal production to traditional charcoal producers will lead to the promotion of public/private partnership investment towards the development of a sustainable market for charcoal and bio-oil production in Ghana. These intend will promote social equity and improvement in the living conditions of rural and poor urban/peri-urban communities.

The project requires a total of US$ 754,692 with US$ 550,692 being requested from ITTO. The executing agency will be contributing US$ 204,000. Of the ITTO budget 45.91% is allocated to personnel and 20.16% is allocated to capital items.

3 LIST of ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organisation MoEN - Ministry of Energy MDGs - Millennium Development Goals GPRS - Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy ITTA - International Tropical Timber Agreement ITTO - International Tropical Timber Organization EA - Executing Agency UN - United Nations

MAP OF PROJECT AREA

Map of Afram Plains District – Selected communities indicated as blue

4 PART 1. PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1 Origin The bulk of energy supply in Ghana is met from woodfuels, i.e. firewood and charcoal. Woodfuels account for about 70 percent of total primary energy. The bulk of woodfuels amounting to 90 percent is obtained directly from the natural forest. The remaining 10 percent is from wood waste i.e. logging and sawmill residue, and planted forests. However, woodfuel resources are depleting at a faster rate as a result of unsustainable practices in the production and marketing of the product that incurs high levels of waste.

According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the rate of deforestation in Ghana is 3% per year. In 2000, the annual production or yield of wood was about 30 million tonnes of which about 18 million tonnes was available and accessible for woodfuels. Although the exploitation of wood resources for woodfuels is not the main cause of deforestation, there are indications that the preferred woodfuel species are gradually disappearing. The major charcoal production areas of Donkorkrom, Kintampo, Nkoranza, Wenchi, Damongo show physical signs of depleted woodfuel resources. As a result, producers have to travel longer distances in search of wood for charcoal production. Also, the extensive use of less preferred wood species for fuel such as nim and wawa are becoming popular.

Since majority of households, about 80% in Ghana depend on woodfuels for cooking and water heating in addition to commercial, industrial and institutional use, the demand for woodfuel has for the past years been on the increase. As indicated above about 18 million tonnes of fuelwood was used in year 2000. If this trend of consumption continues, Ghana is likely to consume more than 25 million tonnes of fuel wood by the year 2020. The energy sector is determined to reduce losses in the conversion of wood to charcoal and also losses in end-use to give way to reduced cost in charcoal production and savings in end-use.

Currently, the efficiency of the traditional kiln which is widely used for charcoal production is about 14%, whereas improved kilns can achieve as much as 30%. Similarly, end-use devices have efficiencies as low as 18 percent, whereas improved end-use devices can achieve efficiencies as high as 35 percent. If interventions to promote efficient kilns and end-use devices are introduced, consumption of woodfuels can be controlled and reduced from 25 million tonnes and more by 2020 to 16 million tonnes.

This proposal if implemented will increase charcoal yield from the same quantity of woodfuel which hitherto was used to produce charcoal of low yield using the traditional method of charcoal production. Besides, briquette can be produced from pulverised charcoal which is a residue from charcoal production. Indeed, the income levels of the charcoal producers will increase whilst the rate of deforestation in Ghana which is estimated at 65000 hectares per annum will be controlled. One major importance of this proposal is that, corn cobs, an agricultural residue and which hitherto was burnt after harvesting the corn can be used as substitute for woodfuel to produce briquette thus also controlling the degradation of the forest by charcoal producers.

1.2 Relevance 1.2.1 Conformity with ITTO’s objectives and priorities The project is in conformity with the ITTA 2006 Objectives clauses c, f, q and r. It is also in agreement with the ITTO Action Plan, 2008 – 2011. Under the forest industry committee the project falls under various sections of expected outcomes 1, 2 and 4.

Conformity with ITTO Objectives ITTO Objective Relation with the project (c) Contributing to sustainable development This project seeks to promote the development and to poverty alleviation and transfer of improved technology for charcoal production and the use of logging residues and corn cobs, for the production of briquette.

(f) Promoting and supporting research and This project will help promote the use of improved

5 development with a view to improving forest technologies for efficient charcoal and briquette management and efficiency of wood production and utilization within the communities utilization and the competitiveness of wood to conserve forest resources. Also it will support products relative to other materials, as well as the forestry sector to ensure sustainable increasing the capacity to conserve and management of Ghana’s natural forests and enhance other forest values in timber woodlands producing tropical forests (q) Promoting better understanding of the The project is aimed at strengthening local contribution of non -timber forest products communities’ capacity in using corn cobs, a non- and environmental services to the sustainable timber forest product to produce briquette for management of tropical forests with the aim domestic and commercial use. This will ensure a of enhancing the capacity of members to community participation in a sustainable forest develop strategies to strengthen such management. contributions in the context of sustainable forest management, and cooperating with relevant institutions and processes to this end;

(r) Encouraging members to recognize the The selected communities for the project depend role of forest -dependent indigenous and local solely on the forest for charcoal production. The communities in achieving sustainable forest education and adoption of the use of timber and management and develop strategies to agricultural residues for charcoal and briquette enhance the capacity of these communities to production will not only bring to bear their role in sustainably manage tropical timber producing the sustainable process but will also lead to an forests; enhanced community capacity to sustainably manage tropical timber producing forest.

Conformity with ITTO Action Plan (Forest Industry Committee)

Outcome Possible Action by Relation with the project Members Expected outcome 1: d2: Increased production and Organize workshops/seminars The project involves a training further processing of tropical on the use of new and/or session on operation and timber and other forest products improved techniques and maintenance of an improved from sustainably managed and technology, including increased charcoal and briquette legally harvested sources. further processing producing plants.

f: Develop and implement This project will ensure the comprehensive long- adoption non-timber forest term strategies to support material for briquette production community-based by communities which will forest enterprises reduce community dependence on timber forest Expected outcome 2: a1: Increased efficiency in Encourage and support The project will lead to an harvesting, processing and improved utilization increase in charcoal yield for utilization of tropical efficiency, the increased use of the same volume of wood timber from sustainably wood residues, through the use of an improved managed and legally harvested and recycling technology using wood and sources agricultural residues c1 Encourage and promote The project is based on a research and knowledge transfer approach knowledge transfer on improved which will lead to an improved

6 utilization efficiency wood utilization

c2 Undertake studies on the The project includes a study of contribution of efficient forest the community acceptability and industries to social and also assessment of the socio- economic development economic impact of the improved technology Expected outcome 4: Increased a1 supplies of tropical timber from Improve forest law enforcement The use of non-timber forest for sustainably managed and and governance and address fuel purposes could be enforced legally harvested sources illegal activities in the after communities have been forest sector equipped to adopt their use.

1.2.2 Relevance to the submitting country’s policies The goal of Government regarding bioenergy as enunciated in the energy sector policy is to modernise and maximise the benefits of bioenergy on a sustainable basis. Biomass has dominant source of energy supply of Ghana. Used mainly for cooking and employing traditional inefficient technologies, biomass energy consumption in the form of woodfuel is twice as large as other energy sources, including electricity and petroleum. Over reliance on woodfuel is accelerating the rate of depletion of Ghana’s forests. The Energy Commission has developed a bioenergy policy document covering all bioenergy components. The key policy objective covering efficient conversion and utilisation of woodfuel is to introduce new and innovative ways of producing woodfuel more efficiently and cost effective. In order to achieve the above policy objective, the policy document recommends among others the following Policy Considerations:

 Strengthen through technical assistance existing institutions for testing and certification of improved production and end use technologies for woodfuel.  Support for the forestry sector to ensure sustainable management of the country’s natural forests and woodlands.  Regulate charcoal exports to ensure that only charcoal from wood waste and planted forest are exported.  Establish the needed institutional framework to enhance and co-ordinate woodfuel related activities as an integral part of national energy development.  Promote improved technologies and higher levels of efficiency in the production of charcoal and use of woodfuels.  Support the development, promotion and introduction of alternative fuels for the substitution of woodfuels.

1.3 Target Area 1.3.1 Geographic location

BACKGROUND INFORMATION - Kwahu North (Afram Plains) District was created in 1988 out of the Kwahu District Council as part of Government local reform policy. The district is located in the northern- most part of the Eastern Region, covering an area of about 5,040 square kilometres. This makes it the largest district in the Eastern Region in terms of land mass. The district capital is Donkorkrom with 558 communities.

The district shares boundaries in the south with Kwahu South, Fanteakwa, Manya Krobo and Asuogyaman districts, in the east with the Volta region (Kpando and Jasikan district), in the west with Ashanti region (specially Ashanti Akyem north and Sekyere East district) and in the northern part by Brong Ahafo region (Sene district). The district may be described as more of

7 an island than peninsular as it can only be reached by ferries in the south-west and north- east.

VEGETATION:-The Kwahu North (Afram Plains) consists generally of low lying lands with the Donkorkrom plateau providing the only high ground. The district is by the Afram River in the west, Volta River in the east and the Obosom River in the north, all of which can be tapped for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. The terrain comprises savannah vegetation, characterised by short deciduous fire resistant trees, often widely spaced and a ground flora composed of different species of grass with a various heights.

1.3.2 Social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects

SOCIO- ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES:-The major economic activity of the people in the district is agriculture with about 75.5% of the population engaging in food crop farming and livestock rearing whilst about 20% are engaged in fishing, especially along the lake. The remaining 4.5% or less, of the population are traders and public servants (School Mapping Report of Afram Plains. (MOEYS/GES/IEPA/UNICEF). Agricultural productivity levels are very low due to poor farming techniques and the menace of bushfires. Currently, the potential of the district is unrealized due to poor infrastructure, poor transportation and low patronage of opportunities for formal education to develop production and trade.

The Afram Plains District is currently the largest charcoal production area in the Eastern Region of Ghana, producing about 3,000,000 bags of charcoal annually representing 80-90% of total charcoal production in the Eastern Region. More than 60% of the produced charcoal is consumed outside the region with 42% sold in the Greater Accra Region, the seat of government. Charcoal production in the Afram Plains area is largely by unregistered groups and some individuals usually women who buy wood from chainsaw operators. In the production process, the woods are arranged on the ground, lighted and covered with sand and allowed to burn until smoke ceases indicating that the charcoal is ready for packaging and transport. The existing technology for charcoal production shown below has a charcoal yield as low as 14%.

Wood preparation Charcoal production Charcoal transportation

ECONOMIC INDICATIONS: A typical plant with a capacity of 3 metric tons is expected to yield charcoal with expected annual revenue of about US$ 270,000. The exportation of charcoal is a lucrative and worthwhile venture in Ghana; charcoal exports to Europe and Asia are valued at US$400,000 annually. Technology transfer of improved charcoal production to traditional charcoal producers will lead to the promotion of public/private partnership investment towards the development of a sustainable market for charcoal production in Ghana. These intend will promote social equity and improvement in the living conditions of rural and poor urban/peri-urban communities.

TRADITIONAL STRUCTURE:-Kwahu North district has one Paramount chief who is also the chief of Donkorkrom. There are other Sub- chiefs scattered all over the district mainly based on the particular tribe found in that area. Among them are the Dagomba chiefs, the Kwahu chiefs and the Ewe chiefs.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS:- The traditional method of charcoal production by burying woodfuel in the sand is characterised by the emission of smoke which is uncontrolled thereby causing environmental pollution and health hazards to the farmers. Indiscriminate felling of woodfuel for charcoal production has led to soil erosion, high sedimentation of river bodies and poor rainfall patterns in the Afram Plains District of Ghana. Corn cobs are usually burnt by the farmers in the Afram Plains also causing environmental pollution and bushfires. This project will minimise environmental effects of charcoal production on the health and livelihood of the communities within the Afram Plains District of Ghana.

1.4 Expected outcomes at project completion The transfer of improved technology for charcoal production will help to reduce waste of wood resources, and raise income of beneficiary charcoal producers. Local charcoal producers (usually women) will have the chance to be more productive through paid work that would raise their family’s income and improve their standard of living. The project will reduce woodfuel exploitation and help abate climate change. The project will thus, not only be a platform for demonstration but will also contribute to the achievement of the MDGs 1 and 7: eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, and ensuring environmental sustainability.

9 PART 2. PROJECT RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES

2.1 Rationale 2.1.1 Institutional set-up and organizational issues

In Ghana, the Ministry of Energy (MoEN), the Energy Commission and the Forestry Commission are responsible for the compilation and storage of data on woodfuel consumption. MoEN had complied woodfuel consumption data from 1974 to 1997, but these data are based primarily on projections. Although the Forestry Commission has carried out some surveys on woodfuel consumption, it has no data. The Energy Commission now has the responsibility of data compilation and storage.

The Energy Commission has in place an Energy Resource Planning and Policy Division with three analysts whose duties include the compilation, storage, analysis and interpretation of woodfuel data. There is also the Energy Fund, which is being managed by the commission for activities that include data collection and database management on all forms of energy, including woodfuels.

The energy sector benefited from a DANIDA-funded project on traditional and renewable energy, as part of project activities: that is supposed to collect data on woodfuel supply and consumption in the northern parts of the country. The commission carried out surveys in 2001 that targeted the collection of data on woodfuel consumption in households and commercial sectors. In this process, enumerators were used and visited households and commercial business centres to assess the quantities of woodfuel consumption. Woodfuel consumption surveys are carried out once every two years.

The Ministry of Energy and the Energy Commission in Ghana are the two key institutions in the development of Energy, that is, Technology, Production and Utilization as well as the transfer of appropriate Technology. The ministry of energy has the responsibility for formulating and executing energy sector policy in Ghana and also supervising the operations and activities of the energy sector institutions. This energy development is done in partnership with other energy related organizations such as the Energy Foundation whose mandate is to promote sustainable development and efficient consumption of energy in all of its forms in Ghana. The Forestry Commission also works with the Energy Commission to streamline the production and utilization of woodfuels. The Forestry Research Institute of Ghana under the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research serves as the National Institution for forestry research and has been engaged in most forestry related research in Ghana. However, the level of coordination among these institutions and the local communities in charcoal production is virtually non-existent. For this project, the Energy Commission and the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana will be directly involved in the execution.

10 2.1.2 Stakeholder analysis

Stakeholder characteristics Problems, potentials Current Status Involvement in group needs, interests of stakeholder the project Primary stakeholders Local charcoal Derive income Base for Local Produces Primary producers from charcoal livelihoods knowledge of charcoal beneficiaries of production threatened charcoal using the project production obsolete and inefficient technologies Village Responsible for Lack of capacity Authority and Local Monitor and administrators making and for improved influence in the Community maintain implementing charcoal village charcoal constructed kiln village production production and briquette development technology monitoring plants plans Women Involve in Low income Local Main Women will be production and from charcoal knowledge of producers of trained to sale of charcoal production charcoal charcoal adopt new production charcoal production technology Secondary stakeholders District assembly Actively involved Lack of capacity Experienced in Monitor the Partner with in implementing for improved working with logging of executing rural development charcoal villages wood for agency in plans production charcoal implementation technology production in of project Afram Plains activities District Tertiary stakeholders Koforidua Have education Inadequate funds Competence in Train students Will be the Polytechnic and research to conduct thermochemical in improved executing missions research in biomass biomass agency charcoal conversion production production research. technologies Forestry Conduct Has not done Has well Conduct Will be Research forestry much work in trained research into collaborators Institute of Research in charcoal and researchers in efficient wood in the Ghana Ghana briquette forest utilization execution of production research the project Energy Formulate energy Inability to Have oversight Formulate Offer technical Commission of policy address all the responsibility of efficient advice to the Ghana energy needs of the energy project Ghana implementation utilization of energy policies policies in Ghana

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2.1.3 Problem Tree Analysis The Afram Plains in Ghana is noted for charcoal production, producing about 3 million bags of charcoal per annum. Inefficient charcoal production has always resulted in the usage of extremely large volume of wood. The overall effect of inefficient charcoal production is the rapid degradation of the forest resource base and the loss of forest habitats. Inefficient charcoal production if not curtailed or reduced will seriously affect the livelihood of the rural communities since more than 75% of inhabitants depend on agriculture and charcoal production for their livelihood. The choice for the current obsolete and inefficient technologies for charcoal production due to lack of research findings account for the large loss of wood. Government has not been able to implement policy in wood utilization for charcoal production due to poor coordination between institutions and local charcoal producers. The use of alternative material as substitute for charcoal remains at the institutional level and has not been disseminated to local communities.

The forest resource base is Forest habitats The livelihoods of local degrading rapidly are being lost communities are threatened

Extremely large volume of wood used in charcoal production

Inefficient production Unpopular use of Weak policy in wood utilization system of charcoal substitute material in for charcoal production charcoal and briquette

Poor Lack of R&D on Access to fund for coordination efficient charcoal Research results research in this on substitute production area material are not technology disseminated Poor policy implementation Alternative species for Efficiency in Lack of institutional charcoal making is charcoal interest and not promoted e.g. production has not involvement in this bamboo been enforced. research area

Lack of training on Capacity building use of improve programmes in technology efficient charcoal production technology is not available.

12 2.1.4 Logical framework matrix

PROGRAM ELEMENTS INDICATORS MEANS OF ASSUMPTIONS VERIFICATION Development Objective:  The availability of improved Project monitoring and Local community support for To contribute towards a sustainable forest charcoal production evaluation report project is guaranteed. management through reduction in volume of technology wood used in charcoal production to enhance  Increased in income levels efficient utilization of forest resources of charcoal producers by

80%  60% forest resource savings

Specific Objective:  More than 90% of charcoal project report There will be persistent demand To train local charcoal producers in the efficient producers in selected and interest in the newly production system of charcoal and to educate communities will use conference proceedings developed kiln and briquette them on the use of substitute materials in plant for efficient charcoal and efficient production charcoal and briquette production. briquette production. system of charcoal

 Substitute material will constitute at least 40% of the raw material for charcoal production

Output 1: One hundred and fifty (150) traditional charcoal producers drawn from selected communities educated and trained in the use of substitute material for charcoal and briquette production technology;

1.1 Inception workshop for stakeholders. More than 80% of Stakeholders Workshop report Involvement of interested will be committed to the project parties. 1.2 Training of facilitators for the implementation of All facilitators will demonstrate Seminar report Facilitators identified and trained the project. total commitment during the

13 project

1.3 Design and implementation of a comprehensive More than 60% of charcoal Project report Interest, public awareness and education campaign on producers use logging and participation and conservation of forest and the use of waste agricultural residues for charcoal and commitment of community biomass as alternative briquette production after the project 1.4 Identify available biomass and train charcoal Two or more Biomass available Project report Alternate waste biomass producers on its usage for charcoal production. within the district is identified and feedstock for charcoal and use as substitute by local briquette available. charcoal producers Output 2: Five (5) community kilns constructed. 2.1 Select and design efficient and suitable kiln Five Kilns are constructed and Published documents Technology suitable for local operating efficiently at designed community. capacities during the project Local community ability to period. operate kiln Availability of experts

2.2 Procure materials and accessories for charcoal All materials for kiln construction Project Reports Materials and accessories meet production are procured. Receipts of payment quality standard. 2.3 Construction and testing of kilns Five kilns Constructed and Project Reports Availability of experts operating to produce first 20 bags of charcoal each Output 3: Five communities trained in the use of efficient technology

3.1 Training of charcoal producers to acquire 150 Charcoal producer’s technical skills on operation and maintenance of proficient in kiln operations and the process plants maintenance

3.2 Design and implement operational and More than three thousand five Project Reports monitoring evaluation system of the constructed hundred (3500) bags of charcoal and Research conference Kiln is functional kiln briquette produced at the end of the proceedings project period

3.3 Conduct a study on community acceptability of More than 60% of charcoal technology producers use new technology Project reports New technology is used by Communities

14 3.4 Re-training of charcoal producers in the use Charcoal producer’s proficient in Training programme Interest, participation and of the new technology the use of new technology. reports Commitment of charcoal producers. 3.5 Assessing the socio-economic impacts of Increased in income levels of Published articles developed technology and product charcoal producers by 80% Project effect on the community Project Reports socially and economically. More than 30% of communities use briquette together with charcoal for domestic purposes Output 4: Results and findings disseminated

4.1 Organize stakeholder consultation forum and More than 80% of stakeholders Workshop reports Findings are authenticated workshop to validate findings. accept findings of project Conference proceedings Published articles 4.2 Proposal to Energy Commission and Acceptance of proposal by Energy Copy of proposal Submitted proposal is Forestry Commission on National Campaign on Commission Project report accepted by commission use of new technology

4.3 Final report and submission All stakeholders accept final Comprehensive Project The various stages of the project report Report projects are fully completed

15 2.2 Objectives To contribute towards a sustainable forest management through reduction the volume of wood used in charcoal production to enhance efficient utilization of forest resources

To train local charcoal producers in the efficient production system of charcoal and to educate them on the use of substitute materials in charcoal and briquette production

One hundred and fifty (150) Five (5) community kilns Five communities trained in the use Results and findings traditional charcoal producers drawn constructed. of efficient technology disseminated from selected communities educated and trained in the use of substitute material for charcoal and briquette production technology; Training of charcoal producers to Select and design efficient Organize stakeholder acquire technical skills on and suitable kiln consultation forum and operation and maintenance of the workshop to validate Inception workshop for process plants stakeholders findings.

Procure materials and Design and implement Proposal to Energy accessories for charcoal operational and monitoring Commission and Forestry Training of facilitators for production evaluation system of the constructed kiln Commission on National the implementation of the Campaign on use of new project technology Construction and testing of Conduct a study on community Design and implementation kiln acceptability of technology of a comprehensive public awareness and education campaign on conservation Re-training of charcoal Final report preparation of forest and use waste producers in the use of the new and submission biomass as an technology

Identify available biomass Assess the socio-economic and train charcoal impacts of developed technology and product producers on its usage for 16 charcoal production. Development objective and impact indicators To contribute towards a sustainable forest management through reduction in volume of wood used in charcoal production to enhance efficient utilization of forest resources

The indicators would be  the availability of improved charcoal production technology  increased in income levels of charcoal producers by 80%  60% forest resource savings

2.2.1 Specific objective and outcome indicators

To train local charcoal producers in the efficient production system of charcoal and to educate them on the use of substitute materials in charcoal and briquette production.

The outcome indicators would be that

 more than 90% of charcoal producers in selected communities will use efficient production system of charcoal  substitute material will constitute at least 40% of the raw material for charcoal production

17 PART 3. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT INTERVENTIONS 3.1 Outputs and activities 3.1.1 Outputs  One hundred and fifty (150) traditional charcoal producers drawn from selected communities educated and trained in the use of substitute material for charcoal and briquette production technology;  Five (5) community kilns constructed.  Five communities trained in the use of efficient technology and assessed  Results and findings disseminated

3.1.2 Activities

Output 1: One Hundred and fifty (150) traditional charcoal producers drawn from charcoal producing town and nearby villages, educated and equipped to adopt the improved charcoal production technology  Inception workshop for stakeholders.  Training of facilitators for the implementation of the project.  Design and implementation of a comprehensive public awareness and education campaign on conservation of forest and the use of waste biomass as alternative.  Identify available biomass and train charcoal producers on its usage for charcoal production.

Output 2: Five (5) community kilns constructed.  Select and design efficient and suitable kiln  Procure materials and accessories for charcoal production  Construction and testing of kilns

Output 3: One Hundred and fifty (150) traditional charcoal producers trained in the use of new technology  Training of charcoal producers to acquire technical skills on operation and maintenance of the process plants.  Design and implement operational and monitoring evaluation system of the constructed kiln  Conduct a study on community acceptability of technology  Re‐training of charcoal producers in the use of the technology  Assessing the socio‐economic impacts of developed technology and product

Output 4: Results and findings disseminated  Organize stakeholder consultation forum and workshop to validate findings.  Proposal to Energy Commission and Forestry Commission on National Campaign on use of new technology  Final report and submission

3.2 Implementation approaches and methods

The proposed project will be executed within the context of the government’s policy objective of ensuring sustainable production, marketing and consumption of woodfuels, taking into account environmental, poverty and gender issues. It is also in line with the policy directive of facilitating the development and introduction of efficient and improved technologies for production and consumption

18 of woodfuels. The proposed project will correspond to the goals of the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS II).

The project will adopt some key strategies in order to fulfill its implementation.

Some of the strategies will include.

 Awareness creation within the selected communities on benefits of efficient charcoal production technology in combating poverty and conserving the environment.

 Participatory workshops will be convened in the Afram Plains (Kwahu North) District to examine the status of forest use in charcoal production and management

 Selected community participatory in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the technology to the community charcoal producers.

 Local capacity building on kiln construction and operation, as well as provide linkages between cooperating institution (Koforidua polytechnic) and the selected communities.

 Undertake study, assessment and evaluation of the project.

 Stakeholders consultations and Surveys

19 3.3 Work Plan

OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES 24 MONTHS (2 YEARS) SCHEDULE RESPONSIBLE (Quarters) PARTY Year 1 Year 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Output 1: One hundred and fifty (150) Traditional charcoal producers drawn from selected communities educated and trained in the use of substitute materials for charcoal and briquette production technology; 1.1 Inception workshop for stakeholders Executing Agency

1.2 Training of facilitators for the Experts

implementation of the project. 1.3 Design and implementation of a comprehensive public awareness and

education campaign on conservation of forest Coordinator & and use waste Facilitators 1.4 Identify available biomass and train charcoal producers on its usage for charcoal Researchers production. Output 2: Five (5) community kilns constructed 2.1 Select and design efficient and suitable Coordinator & kiln Energy System Engineer 2.2 Procure materials and accessories for

charcoal production Coordinator 2.3 Construction and testing of kilns

Facilitators Output 3: five communities trained in the

use of efficient technology 3.1Training of charcoal producers to acquire technical skills on operation and maintenance of the process plants 3.2 Design and implement operational and monitoring evaluation system of the Facilitators constructed kiln 3.3 Conduct a study on community

acceptability of technology Researchers Re-training of charcoal producers in the

use of the new technology 3.4 Assess the socio-economic impacts of Coordinator &

developed technology and product Researchers Output 4: Results and findings disseminated

4.1 organize stakeholder consultation forum

and workshop to validate findings. Coordinator Proposal to Energy Commission and Forestry Commission on National campaign on use of new technology Coordinator Final report preparation and submission Coordinator

20 3.4 Budget

3.4.1 Master Budget Outputs/ Activities Quantity ITTO Budget Budget Agency Executing component component Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Unit cost US$

Description Units Total Cost US$

One hundred and fifty (150) traditional charcoal producers drawn from selected communities educated Output 1 and trained in the use of substitute material for charcoal and briquette production technology; A1.1 Inception workshop for stakeholders.

1x 2-day meeting; 25 participants 30 30 Participant 250 7500 7500 A1.2 Training of facilitators for the implementation of the project. Training in public awareness campaign on forest conservation 3-day workshop; 12 participants 36 Participant 200 7200 7200 Materials for training Units 10000 5000 5000 Consultant to design awareness Person- campaign and training (2 months) 2 month 1500 3000 3000 Design and implementation of a comprehensive public awareness and education campaign on A1.3 conservation of forest and the use of waste biomass as alternative Person- 2 Researchers (3 months) 6 month 1500 9000 9000 3 community surveys; 8 persons per survey 24 Participant 200 4800 4800 Materials for Campaign units 6000 6000 A1.4 Identify available biomass and train charcoal producers on its usage for charcoal production Person- 2 Researchers (3 months) 6 month 1500 9000 9000 1-day workshop; 150 beneficiaries 150 Participant 150 7200 7200

Output 2 Five (5) community kilns constructed. A2.1 Select and design efficient and suitable kiln 3 experts (1 Building Technologist,2 energy systems Person- engineer)(2 months) 6 month 1500 9000 9000 A2.2 Procure materials and accessories for charcoal production Material for briquette plants Units 30000 30000 Material for kiln and construction Units 40000 40000 Lands (5) for kiln construction 400 2000 2000 A2.3 Construction and testing of kiln

3 experts (1 Building Technologist,2 energy systems Person- engineer) (4 months) 9 9 month 1500 27000 13500 13500 5 Technicians from Energy Systems 30 30 200 12000 12000 2 labourers 12 12 200 4800 4800

21 Output 3 Five communities trained in the use of efficient technology Training charcoal producers to acquire technical skills on operation and maintenance of the process A3.1 plants Person- 6 Facilitators 12 18 month 900 27000 10800 16200 150 beneficiaries Participant 37000 37000 Materials for operation units 5000 5000 A3.2 Design and implement an operational and monitory evaluation system on the constructed kiln Person- 6 Facilitators 12 30 month 900 37800 10800 27000 5 x technicians from Energy Systems 30 Participant 200 6000 6000 A3.3 Conduct a study on community acceptability of technology Person- 2 Researchers (4 months) 8 month 1500 12000 0 12000 A3.4 Re-training of charcoal producers in the use of the new technology Person- 6 Facilitators 12 month 600 7200 0 7200 150 beneficiaries Participant 37000 37000 Materials for operation units 10000 10000 A3.5 Assessing the socio-economic impacts of developed technology and product Person- 2 Researchers (4 months) 8 month 1500 12000 0 12000 Output 4 Dissemination of results and final report writing A4.1 Organize stakeholders consultative forum and workshop to validate findings 1x 1-day meeting; 25 participants 25 Participant 480 12000 12000 Proposal to Energy Commission and Forestry Commission on National Campaign on use of new A4.2 technology

Stationery 500 500 500 Person- 1 Coordinator 3 month 1500 4500 Person- 1 Secretary 3 month 250 750 A4.3 Final report writing and submission Stationery 500 500 500 Person- 1 Coordinator 12 9 month 1500 31500 Person- 1 Secretary 12 9 month 250 5250 5250

22 3.4.2 Consolidated budget by component Category Description Total Year 1 Year 2 10 Project Personnel 11 National Experts (Long Term) 3 Experts 36000 22500 13500 1 Project coordinator 48000 24000 24000 2 Researchers 42000 18000 24000 1 Consultant 3000 3000 12 Other Staff 6 Facilitators 72000 21600 50400 1 Secretary 6000 3000 3000 1 Accountant 14400 7200 7200 5 Technicians from Energy Systems 18000 6000 12000 1 Driver 4800 2400 2400 2 Labourers 4800 2400 2400 1 clerk 3600 1800 1800 13 National Consultants 14 International consultants 15 Fellowship and training Training of facilitators 15000 15000 Training of 150 charcoal producers on Kiln operation and maintenance 74000 37000 37000 Implementation of a comprehensive public 10800 10800 awareness and education campaign 19 Component total 352400 174700 177700 30 Duty travel 31 DSAs Inception workshop 7500 7500 Workshop to train charcoal producers on biomass utilization 7200 7200 Consultative forum and workshop 12000 12000 32 International Travels 33 Local transport cost Other means of transport 3400 1700 1700 39 Subtotal 30100 16400 13700 40 Capital item 41 Office Space Project office in Koforidua 2000 1000 1000 Office in district council 2000 1000 1000 42 Land Plots Land for kiln construction 2000 2000 43 Vehicle 35000 35000 44 Capital goods Office Computer and printer 4000 4000 Materials for briquette production plant 30000 30000 Materials for kiln construction 40000 40000 49 Component total 115000 113000 2000 50 Consumable items 51 Raw materials Testing and troubleshooting 5000 5000 Operation of kiln 15000 5000 10000

23 52 Spare Parts 53 Fuel and Services Fuel and lubricants 16000 8000 8000 Vehicle Maintenance 6000 3000 3000 Vehicle insuarance 4000 2000 2000 54 Office Supplies Stationery 1000 600 400 Office Equipment 4000 2000 2000 59 Component total 51000 25600 25400 60 Miscellaneous 61 Sundries Sundry 3600 1800 1800 Communication facilities 14400 7200 7200 Support in organizational capacity 4000 4000 Steering committee meeting 3000 1500 1500 Consultative committee meeting 3000 1500 1500 Information, media, publications 2000 1000 1000 Auditing 7500 3750 3750 69 Component total 37500 20750 16750 Sub total 1 586000 350450 235550 70 EA's management cost 71 EA's Monitoring cost 87900 Contact point monitoring Component total 87900 80 Project monitoring & administration 81 ITTO monitoring and review 25000 82 ITTO mid- term evaluation 83 ITTO final evaluation 84 ITTO ex-post evaluation 15000 85 ITTO programme support (8%) 40792 89 Subtotal 80792 100 GRAND TOTAL 754692

Consolidated Budget by Funding Sources Category Description Total ITTO EA 10 Project Personnel 11 National Experts (Long Term) 3 Experts 36000 36000 1 Project coordinator 48000 48000 2 Researchers 42000 42000 1 Consultant 3000 3000 12 Other Staff 6 Facilitators 72000 72000 1 Secretary 6000 6000 1 Accountant 14400 14400 5 Technicians from Energy Systems 18000 18000

24 1 Driver 4800 4800 2 Labourers 4800 4800 1 clerk 3600 3600 13 National Consultants 14 International consultants 15 Fellowship and training Training of facilitators 15000 15000

Training of 150 charcoal producers on Kiln operation and maintenance 74000 74000 10800 10800 Implementation of a comprehensive public awareness and education campaign 19 Component total 352400 252800 99600 30 Duty travel 31 DSAs Inception workshop 7500 7500 Workshop to train charcoal producers on biomass utilization 7200 7200 Consultative forum and workshop 12000 12000 32 International Travels 33 Local transport cost Other means of transport 3400 3400 39 Subtotal 30100 30100 0 40 Capital item 41 Office Space Project office in Koforidua 2000 2000 Office in district council 2000 2000 42 Land Plots Land for kiln construction 2000 2000 43 Vehicle 35000 35000 44 Capital goods Office Computer and printer 4000 4000 Materials for briquette production plant 30000 30000 Materials for kiln construction 40000 40000 49 Component total 115000 111000 4000 50 Consumable items 51 Raw materials Testing and troubleshooting 5000 5000 Operation of kiln 15000 15000 52 Spare Parts 53 Fuel and Services Fuel and lubricants 16000 16000 Vehicle Maintenance 6000 6000 Vehicle insurance 4000 4000

25 54 Office Supplies Stationery 1000 1000 Office Equipment 4000 4000 59 Component total 51000 41000 10000 60 Miscellaneous 61 Sundries Sundry 3600 3600 Communication facilities 14400 14400 Support in organizational capacity 4000 4000 Steering committee meeting 3000 3000 Consultative committee meeting 3000 3000 Information, media, publications 2000 2000 Auditing 7500 5000 2500 69 Component total 37500 35000 2500 Sub total 1 586000 469900 116100 70 EA's management cost 71 EA's Monitoring cost 87900 87900 Contact point monitoring Component total 87900 87900 80 Project monitoring & administration 81 ITTO monitoring and review 25000 25000 82 ITTO mid- term evaluation 83 ITTO final evaluation 84 ITTO ex-post evaluation 15000 15000 ITTO programme support (8% of 85 ITTO Sub total 1 + 81 + 84) 40792 40792 89 subtotal 80792 80792 100 GRAND TOTAL 754692 550692 204000

26

3.4.3 ITTO budget by component Category Description Total Year 1 Year 2 10 Project Personnel 11 National Experts (Long Term) 3 Experts 36000 22500 13500 2 Researchers 42000 18000 24000 1 Consultant 3000 3000 12 Other Staff 6 Facilitators 72000 21600 50400 13 National Consultants 14 International consultants 15 Fellowship and training Training of facilitators 15000 15000

Training of 150 charcoal producers on Kiln operation and maintenance 74000 37000 37000 10800 10800 Implementation of a comprehensive public awareness and education campaign 19 Component total 252800 127900 124900 30 Duty travel 31 DSAs Inception workshop 7500 7500 Workshop to train charcoal producers on biomass utilization 7200 7200 Consultative forum and workshop 12000 12000 32 International Travels 33 Local transport cost Other means of transport 3400 1700 1700 39 Component total 30100 16400 13700 40 Capital item 41 Office Space 42 Land Plots Land for kiln construction 2000 2000 43 Vehicle 35000 35000 44 Capital goods Office Computer and printer 4000 4000 Materials for briquette production plant 30000 30000 Materials for kiln construction 40000 40000 49 Component total 111000 111000 0 50 Consumable items 51 Raw materials Testing and troubleshooting 5000 5000

27 Operation of kiln 15000 5000 10000 52 Spare Parts 53 Fuel and Services Fuel and lubricants 16000 8000 8000 54 Office Supplies Stationery 1000 600 400 Office Equipment 4000 2000 2000 59 Component total 41000 20600 20400 60 Miscellaneous 61 Sundries Sundry 3600 1800 1800 Communication facilities 14400 7200 7200 Support in organizational capacity 4000 4000 Steering committee meeting 3000 1500 1500 Consultative committee meeting 3000 1500 1500 Information, media, publications 2000 1000 1000 Auditing 5000 2500 2500 69 Component total 35000 19500 15500 Sub total 1 469900 295400 174500 (see executing agency 70 EA's management cost budget) 80 Project monitoring & administration 81 ITTO monitoring and review 25000 82 ITTO mid- term evaluation 83 ITTO final evaluation 84 ITTO ex-post evaluation 15000 ITTO programme support (8% of 85 Sub total 1 + 81 + 84) 40792 89 subtotal 80792 100 GRAND TOTAL 550692

28 3.4.4 Executing agency budget by component

Category Description Total Year 1 Year 2 10 Project Personnel 11 National Experts (Long Term) 1 Project coordinator 48000 24000 24000 12 Other Staff 1 Secretary 6000 3000 3000 1 Accountant 14400 7200 7200 5 Technicians from Energy Systems 18000 6000 12000 1 Driver 4800 2400 2400 2 Labourers 4800 2400 2400 1 clerk 3600 1800 1800 19 Component total 99600 46800 52800 30 Duty travel 40 Capital item 41 Office Space Project office in Koforidua 2000 1000 1000 Office in district council 2000 1000 1000 49 Component total 4000 2000 2000 50 53 Fuel and Services Vehicle Maintenance 6000 3000 3000 Vehicle insurance 4000 2000 2000 Component total 10000 5000 5000 60 Miscellaneous 61 Sundries Auditing 2500 1250 1250 69 Component total 2500 1250 1250 Sub total 1 116100 55050 61050 70 EA's management cost 71 EA's Monitoring cost 87900 Contact point monitoring Component total 87900 100 GRAND TOTAL 204000

29 3.5 Assumptions, risks, sustainability 3.5.1 Assumptions and risks

The proposed project is likely to face the following key risks: i) Possible Lack of Interest by Traditional Charcoal Producers: There is a possible lack of interest by the traditional charcoal producers who have no knowledge of the benefits of the technology, and are not well educated and skilled to operate and maintain such a relatively composite technology. To mitigate this risk, the charcoal producers will be trained to acquire basic skills in material handling and the operation of the pyrolysis plants. Comprehensive sensitisation and education campaign will be organised to demonstrate the benefits of the technology to the producers.

ii) Possible misunderstanding between the local charcoal producers and community leaders: There could be some long standing disputes over forest resources and location of charcoal production units. The choice of forest resource and location of charcoal production units have been selected in consultation with the District forestry commission office and the Kwahu North District Assembly.

iii) Willingness of timber firms to provide necessary support for the project: There is possible unwillingness of Timber firms to give out their logging residue for the project. To mitigate this, a local timber firm, Sintim Company Ltd, has agreed to be partner in the project and give out its logging residue for use in the project

3.5.2 Sustainability

The technology would be promoted and implemented in other local charcoal producing community and will be sustained by the state and supported by research institutions hence ensuring output sustainability.

Technical sustainability: The project involves the building of improved kiln with local materials. The project will train selected community agents who will be in charge of the operation and daily maintenance of the constructed kilns during and after the project under the supervision of the District Assembly and since the project does not require additional resources to operate it sustainability is assured. The Energy Systems Department of the Koforidua Polytechnic will be in charge of the technical sustainability and will provide a quarterly maintenance review of the plants.

Institutional sustainability: The Department of Energy Systems, Koforidua Polytechnic, with its expertise in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, . As part of the project activities, the departmental capacity will developed to continue with project. Again the plants will be operated at a minimum fee to ensure the maintenance cost is covered to ensure sustainability.

Political sustainability: Considering the government key policy objective covering efficient conversion and utilisation of woodfuel is to introduce new and innovative ways of producing woodfuel more efficiently and cost effective, the support and commitment of government to the objectives of the project is assured for the sustenance of the project. The Energy Commission will be responsible for policy framework to ensure the success of the technology transfer is maintained after the project

30 PART 4. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 4.1 Organization structure and stakeholder involvement mechanisms

4.1.1. Executing agency and partners

Executing Agency  Koforidua Polytechnic

Partners  Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, (FORIG)  Kwahu North District Assembly  Ministry of Energy (MoEN)  Energy Commission

4.1.2. Project management team

The project will have a management team comprising a project coordinator who will be appointed by the Polytechnic to serve as the leader of the team, the Head of the Energy Systems Department of the School of Engineering, will also serve as the head of the technical team, a secretary will be in charge of all the secretarial duties and an accountant to handle the financial issues. The team will also include a representative from the local community who will organize the local charcoal producers for the project, as well as the Kwahu North District Manager of the Forestry Commission and the representative from the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana. The project management team will liaise with the Afram Plains District forest guards to patrol the area to ensure trees are not fell for charcoal production. The team will also encourage the use of briquette for domestic cooking throughout the project to reduce volume of wood used for charcoal production. The project will also join the district afforestation advocacy group and re-echo tree planting in all training sessions.

4.1.3. Project steering committee  Rector, Koforidua Polytechnic (Chairman of PSC)  Representative of ITTO  Donor representative  Representative of Kwahu North District Assembly  Technical Director, Ministry of Energy (MoEN)  Chief Executive of the Energy Commission (EC)  Chief Executive of the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, (FORIG)  Executive Director of the Forest Services Division (FSD)  District Coordinating Director (Local Government Representative)  Local community representative

The Steering Committee will directly supervise the activities of a four member Project Directorate, which will meet monthly to monitor the progress of the project. The Project Directorate will be made up of one representative each of Koforidua Polytechnic, EC, District Assembly and local community. The project Coordinator will be directly responsible to the Project Directorate. The project will have two main components i.e. building and operation of kiln and the education on the

31 forest conservation and use of waste biomass material. The project directorate will be under the overall supervision of the Project Steering Committee.

4.1.4. Stakeholder involvement mechanisms

Project Steering committee

Collaborating Agency Executing Agency: Koforidua Collaborating Agency Executing Project Advisory committee

Project Coordinator

Project Secretary Project Accountant

Educational campaign team Kiln construction team

Facilitators District Reps. Charcoal Technicians Technicians for producers for maintenance reps construction

4.2 Reporting, review, monitoring and evaluation Project Progress reports. The project is designed for a period of 2 years. Progress reports will be submitted by the end of February and August before ITTO Council Meetings are held, and in conformity with ITTO scheme and regulations.

Project Completion Report The final report will be submitted within three months of project completion. An audit report and financial statements will be submitted to ITTO for monitoring and evaluation as prescribed by ITTO.

32

Project Technical Report A technical report will be submitted for each achievement against expectation (whenever relevant technical results are obtained). This report will be based on ITTO Manual for Project Monitoring, Review and evaluation, and will be submitted together with the final report within three months after the completion of the project.

Monitoring and Review A Project Steering Committee will not be formed since the project is less than US$ 400,000. However, there will be periodic ITTO Monitoring Missions. In addition, a project management committee, involving all the key stakeholders, especially industry and consumers, will be formed to monitor project progress.

Evaluation Visible impact of the project will be observed at end of the project, hence ex-post evaluation is recommended.

4.3 Dissemination and mainstreaming of project learning 4.3.1 Dissemination of project results The project results will be disseminated through stakeholder’s workshops. The results will also be published as a paper both at the Polytechnic’s journal (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH - IJTMR) and the Polytechnic’s Annual Applied Research Conference. It will also be reported in the Annual District Environmental report as well as Energy Commission’s report.

4.3.2 Mainstreaming project learning

The project applies the use of an improve kiln technology for charcoal production. The local charcoal producers will learn how to build local briquette equipment using local materials. This technology which is not very popular with the local producers will be a better option and a well know method after the project.

33 ANNEX 1. PROFILES OF THE EXECUTING AND COLLABORATING AGENCIES

Koforidua Polytechnic P. O. Box KF 981 Koforidua, Ghana. Tel: 00233 – 342024466 Email: [email protected]

The Koforidua Polytechnic was established in 1997 by The Polytechnic Act (Act 745, 2007) and is one of the polytechnic institutions in Ghana. The establishment of the polytechnic institutions was the fulfillment of the vision of government that polytechnic institutions should be tertiary institutions capable of training middle-level manpower for the country. The objectives of establishing the polytechnics has been To provide tertiary (Higher Education) in the fields of manufacturing, commerce, science technology, applied social science, applied arts and any other field approved of by the Minister and; To provide opportunities for skills development, applied research and publication of research findings.

COMPLETED PROJECTS AT KOFORIDUA POLYTECHNIC PROJECT YEAR COMP. DATE BUDGET SPONSOR COLL. PROJECT TITLE STARTED TOTAL INST. LEADER Automotive 2007 2009 $1,400,000 NUFFIC, - Dr. George Engineering Netherlands Afrane Project Construction of 2006 2008 $800,000 Ghana Dr. George New Government Afrane Administration Block Biogas 2010 2011 $12,000 Ghana - Richard Development Government Arthur and Training Potash Biodiesel 2007 2009 $9,000 Ghana KNUST Ebenezer Development Government Miezah Kwofie Computer Lab 2008 2010 $180,000 Ghana Dr. George and expansion Government Afrane of library TOTAL $2,400,000

ONGOING PROJECTS AT KOFORIDUA POLYTECHNIC

PROJECT TITLE YEAR EXP. BUDGET SPONSOR COLL. PROJECT STARTED COMP. TOTAL INST. LEADER DATE 5-Storey School of 2009 2012 $2,700,000 Ghana - Prof.(Ing.) Engineering block Government Reynolds

34 Okai 4-Storey Central 2009 2011 $2,100,000 Ghana - Prof.(Ing.) Classroom block Government Reynolds and 27 unit flats Okai 2000 sitting 2011 2013 $3,200,000 Ghana - Prof.(Ing.) capacity Auditorium Government Reynolds Okai Polytechnic gate, 2009 2011 $222,000 Ghana - Prof.(Ing.) Tennis court and Government Reynolds surfacing of road Okai network Solar Training 2008 2011 JICA, Japan KNUST Augustine Project $50,000 Ntiamoah Tamale Polytechnic TOTAL $8,272,000

2. Infrastructure of the executing agency

Koforidua Polytechnic has three schools – School of Engineering, School of Applied Science, School of Business. The school of Engineering has five departments including an Energy Systems Engineering Department. The department has experts in Thermochemical-Biomass Conversion and bioenergy production. The School of Engineering has an Energy Systems Laboratory with equipment for research and development and a library facility which is quite good with a fair number of reference materials.

Budget for Years 2009 - 2011

YEAR 2009 (US$) 2010 (US$) 2011 (US$) BUDGET ITEM Personal 4,770,000 4,980,000 5,210,000 Emoluments Administrative 902,000 980,000 1,094,000 Activity Expenses Service Activity 770,642 801,600 817,689 Expenses Investment Activity 2,026,769 2,225,487 2,772,916 Expenses TOTAL 8,469,411 8,987,007 9,894,605

1 US$ =GH¢1.35 in 2009, 1US$ 1.42 in 2010 and 1US$=1.48 in 2011

35 3. Personnel

Research Grade Staff Number of Staff with PhD 5 Number of Staff with MPhil/MSc 115 Number of Staff with BSc 53 Technical Middle-Level Staff 33 Administrative Middle-Level Staff 95 Supporting Staff 196 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONNEL 497

36 ANNEX 2. TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY EXPERTS PROVIDED BY THE EXECUTING AGENCY

FULL NAME Prof. Reynolds OKAI DATE OF BIRTH 23rd September, 1965 PLACE OF BIRTH Accra, Ghana EDUCATIONAL 2006‐2008: Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE), BACKGROUND University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

1994-1997: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Forest Products Science and Technology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 1992-1994: Master of Science (MSc) Forest Products Science and Technology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 1984-1988: Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Mechanical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

CAREER/EXPERIENCE 1997 to date Consultant to the Timber Industries in Ghana 2010 to date Rector/President Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana 2008-2010 Adjunct Lecturer, Valley View University, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana 2005-2010 Dean, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana 2005 to date External Examiner, Cape Coast University, Ghana 2005 to date External Examiner, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 2003- 2005 Visiting Professor, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan 1997 to date Consultant to the Timber Industries in Ghana 1997-2003 Research Scientist, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) 1997-2003 Adjunct Lecturer, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana 1989-1992 Research Assistant, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, FORIG

37 RELEVANT WORK 1. Project Leader, ITTO funded project Ref: 064/98A, 2001 Sawing characteristics and mechanical strength properties of branchwood of some Ghanaian timber species from sustainably managed forests.

2. Assisted in the execution of ITTO Project (PD 179/91). Industrial utilisation and improved marketing of selected lesser- used Ghanaian timber species from sustainably managed forest.

3. Assisted in the execution of ITTO project PD 74/90: Assessment of product yield and wood residues in saw, veneer, and planing mill of Mim Timber Company Limited and in the furniture factory of Scanstyle Mim Limited in Ghana.

4. Conducted research on Industrial Utilization of Particleboards Produced from Empty Fruit Bunch of the Oil palm – Department of Design and Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Kumasi Campus

5. Conducted research on the effect of Moisture Content and Preservatives on Discoloration of Oil Palm Lumber – Department of Design and Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Kumasi Campus.

6. Conducted research on Sustainable Forest Management through Industrial Utilization of Corn Stalk, Elephant Grass and Sugar Cane Bagasse for the Production of Particleboard – Department of Design and Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Kumasi Campus

7. Conducted research on the economics of lumber and charcoal production from logging residues - Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG)

8. Utilization of small diameter logs including branchwood- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG)

9. A comparison of some mechanical properties of branchwood and stemwood of Terminalia ivorensis and Aningeria robusta – Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG)

10. Technical consultant for the Wood Industry and Log Export Ban Study initiated by the Forestry Commission of Ghana. Sponsored by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. August 2000 - June 2001.

11. Resource person for a workshop on optimising forest resources production in Ghana. ITTO Project (PD 4/98) - Silviculture and economics of improved natural forest management. 2nd -3rd May, 2000, Kumasi, Ghana.

PROJECT DUTIES: Project leader and also responsible for design of public awareness and educational campaign as well as procurement of construction material

38 NAME: Stephen Lartey Tekpetey

DATE & PLACE OF BIRTH: 13th December, 1977, Kumasi, Ghana.

EDUCATION: Ph.D (Wood Technology) -Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,(KNUST), Ghana.

CAREER/EXPERIENCE: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Forestry Research Institute of Ghana Kumasi, Ghana

RELEVANT WORK DONE:  Bambusa vulgaris in Ghana: Chemical Composition and Phytochemical Properties for Enhanced Utilization.

 Charcoal in Ghanaian Households: Impact on Environment, Pocket and Health. Journal of Agricultural Research and policies.

PROJECT DUTIES: Project Member and responsible for construction, operation and maintenance of the kiln.

NAME: Ebenezer Miezah Kwofie

DATE & PLACE OF BIRTH: 21 April, 1982, Axim, Ghana.

EDUCATION: M.Sc (Quality and Environmental Management), Sweden

CAREER/EXPERIENCE: Lecturer/Head of Department, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Koforidua Polytechnic.

RELEVANT WORK DONE: Research Team leader of the project - Cocoa Pods for biodiesel catalyst. Research Team leader of project – Evaluation of bioethanol potential of food waste from Koforidua central market

PROJECT DUTIES: Assistant Project Leader and Responsible for Training programmes.

NAME: Augustine Ntiamoah

DATE & PLACE OF BIRTH: 24th September, 1976, Juaben, Ghana.

EDUCATION: M. Sc. Chemical Engineering, Ghana

39

CAREER/EXPERIENCE: 2008-date: Senior Instructor/Lecturer, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana.

2010-2011: Head, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana

2003-2005: Chemistry Instructor, Aduman Senior High School, Aduman, Ghana.

RELEVANT WORK DONE: Financing Mechanisms for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Projects in Developing Countries”. International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University, Sweden.

Catalysts development for the synthesis of fuels and value added chemicals from ligno-cellulose biomass feedstocks. Department of Materials and Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Italy.

Development and integration of sustainable chemical processes for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals from agricultural waste and non-food biomass. Department of Materials and Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Italy.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Charcoal, LPG and Biogas as Cooking Fuels in Ghana.

PROJECT DUTIES: Project Member and Responsible for construction, operation and maintenance of the kiln.

NAME: Richard Arthur

DATE & PLACE OF BIRTH: 19th February, 1979, Accra, Ghana

EDUCATION: M. Sc Mechanical Engineering (Thermofluids and Energy Systems Engineering)

CAREER/EXPERIENCE: Lecturer, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Koforidua Polytechnic

RELEVANT WORK DONE: Project supervisor: Construction of a 10m3 biogas plant at Koforidua Polytechnic

PROJECT DUTIES: Conduct a study on community acceptability of technology and assessing the socio-economic impacts of developed technology and product

40 NAME: Frimpomaa Baa-Poku (Mrs)

DATE & PLACE OF BIRTH: 15th April, 1978, Accra, Ghana

EDUCATION: M. Sc Environmental Science

CAREER/EXPERIENCE: Lecturer, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Koforidua.

RELEVANT WORK DONE: Project Member: Municipal solid waste management practices and sustainable development in Ghana: a case of new Juaben municipality, Koforidua.

PROJECT DUTIES: Conduct a study on community acceptability of technology and assessing the socio-economic impacts of developed technology and product

41

ANNEX 3. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF PERSONEL AND CONSULTANTS AND SUB CONTRACT FUNDED BY ITTO

PERSONEL TASK OTHER PERSONEL DURATION Energy Systems Engineer  Select and design efficient Building Technologist 18 months and suitable kiln

 Training charcoal producers to acquire technical skills on operation and maintenance of the process plants

Building Technologist  Construction and testing Energy Systems 18 months Engineer of kiln

Forest Engineer  Identify available biomass Energy Systems 4 months Engineer and train charcoal producers on its usage for charcoal production

Researchers  Conduct a study on 24 months community acceptability of technology -  Assessing the socio- economic impacts of developed technology and product

Consultant Design awareness campaign 2 months and training

42 ANNEX 4: COLLABORATION LETTER FROM THE FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF GHANA (FORIG)

43 ANNEX 5: RESPONSE TO OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATION FROM THE 43RD ITTO EXPERT PANEL

S/N RECOMMENDATION CORRECTIONS MADE 1 Describe current status of A new column describing stakeholders involvement in the current status of stakeholders proposed project (2.1.2); involvment has been added (2.1.2) 2 Add text to point 2.1.3 to explain The identified problem has been the identified problem in explained prior to the problem accordance with the problem tree tree; 3 Improve the indicators of the The indicators of the Logical Logical Framework into Framework have been ‘SMART’ (Specific, Measurable, improved into ’SMART‘ Appropriate, Realistic, and Time-bound) indicators;

4 Revisit the project’s budget and The budget has been revised. revise it in accordance with the The budget has been ITTO Project Formulation recalculated to ensure Manual. Recheck the budget consistency. All errors in calculation for its consistency; addition have been corrected

5 In the Project Management The project management Team (4.1.2) provide team will liaise with the Afram elaboration on how Sustainable Plains District forest guards Forest Management will be to patrol the area to ensure taken into account; trees are not fell for charcoal. The team will also encourage the use of briquette for domestic cooking throughout the project to reduce volume of wood for charcoal. The project will also join the district afforestation advocacy group and re-echo tree planting in all training sessions.

6 In the Project Steering Donor representative has been Committee (4.1.3) consider to added to the PSC membership revise the PSC membership bringing in donor representative/s; and

7 Include an Annex that shows An annex has been made to the overall assessment and show overall assessment and specific recommendations of specific recommendation of 43rd the 43rd Expert Panel and Expert Panel. respective modifications in tabular form.

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