Commemoration of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Commemoration of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales Newyddiadur Swyddogol Esgobaeth Caerdydd Issue 286 October 2020 Official Newspaper of the Archdiocese of Cardiff Pick up your FREE Catholic People copy today COMMEMORATION OF THE FORTY MARTYRS OF ENGLAND AND WALES By the MOST REVEREND ARCHBISHOP GEORGE countenance, with a brow ‘always free from furrows’. STACK John Lloyd, born in Brecknockshirshire, was arrested at the same time as Philip Evans during the madness On 25 October 1970 I was privileged to be in St. of the Titus Oates plot. They were imprisoned in the Peter’s Basilica in Rome for the celebration of the same cell in Cardiff Castle and were executed on the Canonization of the Forty Martyrs of England and same day, 22 July 1679. John Lloyd had to watch Wales by Pope Paul VI. whilst his friend and fellow martyr was hanged, drawn It was an awe-inspiring occasion, not least to see and quartered knowing that this would be his own fate and hear that great church filled with English-speaking too. people from all over the world. The liturgy was solemn Speaking of the witness of Philip Evans, John Lloyd and splendid. In something that was unique all those said to the crowd: “My fellow sufferer has declared the years ago, the music was not sung by the Papal Choir cause of our death, therefore I need not repeat it. of the Sistine chapel but by the choir of our own Besides, I never was a good speaker in my life. I shall Westminster Cathedral. only say that I die in the true Catholic and apostolic Little did I know that thirty years later I would be faith, according to these words in the Creed, I believe responsible for them during my time as Administrator in the holy Catholic Church; and with those three of Westminster Cathedral! virtues: faith, hope and charity”. The cover of the souvenir booklet marking that historic occasion is reproduced on this page. All the The Blood of the Martyrs bishops of England and Wales were present, led by Cardinal John Carmel Heenan. Greeting them at the Although the cell of Philip Evans and John Lloyd is not beginning of his homily, Pope Paul said: “We greet our generally open to the public, the authorities at Cardiff brother bishops of England and Wales and of all the Castle are allowing me to celebrate Mass there on 25 other countries who have come here for this great October in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of ceremony. their canonization. Since the cell is small, the congregation will be small as well with representatives Christ’s glory of the parishes dedicated to their name as well as pupils from the two schools named after them. “We extend our greetings also to the priests, religious, I profess my faith Together, we shall remember the words of the great students and faithful. We are filled with joy and saint of the 2nd century “The Blood of the Martyrs is happiness to have them near us today. Thanks to Before being hanged he said to the onlookers: ”This is the seedbed of the Church”. them, we are celebrating Christ’s glory made manifest the third time I have been apprehended and now in the holy Martyrs of England and Wales”. being to die, I would gladly witness and profess openly See pages 4,5, 6 and 7 for our tribute to our All through my student days, and still today, I had a my faith for which I suffer”. Then, looking up at the martyrs great devotion to St. Edmund Campion and St. gallows he said “This gallows I look on as His cross Margaret Clitherow. Having the privilege of the shrine which I gladly take to follow my dear Saviour”. to St. John Southworth at Westminster Cathedral INTERCESSORY PRAYER FOR THE Here in Wales we have our own members of those CANONISATION OF THE FORTY added another devotion. Campion, a Jesuit priest, was “Glorious Martyrs who surround Thy Throne, O Lord”. the outstanding scholar of his age and a favourite of They are Richard Gwyn, John Jones, John Roberts, MARTYRS OF ENGLAND AND WALES Queen Elizabeth 1. Philip Evans, John Lloyd and David Lewis. I cannot omit He sealed his fate by the publication of “Camion’s a seventh name, that of John Kemble whose relics are GRANT WE BESEECH THEE ALMIGHTY GOD Brag”. In an open letter to the Government he wrote: honoured in shrines at our churches in Hereford and The expense is reckoned; The enterprise is begun. It is THAT WE WHO ADMIRE IN THY MARTYRS THE Monmouth. The grave of St. David Lewis is in the COURAGE OF THEIR GLORIOUS CONFESSION MAY of God. It cannot be withstood. So the Faith was Anglican churchyard at Usk, and a beautiful new shrine planted, so it must be restored”. WITNESS IN OURSELVES THE POWER OF THEIR has just been created in his memory in the Catholic LOVING INTERCESSION. church at Usk. Sheltering Catholic priests O GOD,WHO DOST GLORIFY THOSE WHO GLORIFY Our two local heroes Margaret Clitherow, a Yorkshire wife and mother, was THEE, AND WHO ART HONOURED IN THE HONOURS OF sentenced to death by being crushed with stones for There is a particular devotion in Cardiff and the the crime of sheltering Catholic priests. She wrote “If THYS SAINTS, surrounding area to the memory of two ‘local heroes’ VOUCHSAFE WE BESEECH THEE, BY THE SOLEMN God’s priests dare venture themselves into my house, I who were martyred at Gallows Field which is now will never refuse them”. Her house still stands in a JUDGMENT better known as the northern end of Richmond Road in OF THYS CHURCH TO GLORIFY THE BLOOD OF THE street called The Shambles in York. It is now a chapel the city. A blue plaque marks the site of their and is a great place of pilgrimage. MARTYRS execution. Philip Evans was the jolliest of all the Welsh WHO DIED IN ENGLAND AND WALES FOR THEIR John Southworth came from Lancashire, but for martyrs. He was playing tennis when told of his many years he ministered as a priest in plague-ridden TESTIMONY execution the next day. So happy did the news make TO JESUS. London. He was arrested on three occasions and him that he went on with the game. His Jesuit imprisoned for many years. Finally, he was executed at THROUGH THE SAME CHRIST OUR LORD provincial wrote “He possessed a wonderful frankness AMEN Tyburn in London the age of 62 in the year 1654. of disposition, and a pleasant, unclouded 2 CATHOLIC PEOPLE Let Biblical Inspiration Fire Your Imagination! “I will meditate on all Thy work, and muse on Thy mighty deeds.” Psalm 77:12 IS BIBLE READING YOUR ‘NEW – if it isn’t already - making this 5. When you are 3 minute reading and meditation with NORMAL’? exploration the centre of your “new ready breathe in and Teresa O’Driscoll normal”. I hope the short meditation out deeply as before. Email: [email protected] That the year of the God Who Speaks below helps your resolve. Then open your eyes You will need will be extended into 2021 is not a 1. Read Psalm 77:11-13 and have a big a bible, a surprise, given what 2020 turned into! 2. Sit up straight and close your eyes. stretch. chair, and few Viewed objectively, and with faith, it Breathe in deeply through the nose. minutes alone could well be said that God is Hold a few seconds. Breathe out I hope that reading speaking eloquently to the whole through the mouth and as you do so the Bible daily empowers you to help “Do not worry world. And what is He saying? Well, for feel the whole of your body relax. others to draw closer to Christ. about us His message remains the same: 3. Now meditate for a few moments God bless tomorrow: He wants you to remember that He on the fact that God wants you to draw Teresa tomorrow will made you, He loves you, He wants ever closer. For more on the above topic please take care of your love, and He wants you to live 4. Now say this prayer – or one of your see Teresa’s blog: itself.” with Him for eternity. Also, He wants own – ‘Dear Lord, now, more than ever, http://teresaodriscoll.blogspot.co.uk/ Matthew 6:34 you to recollect that He is always with I want to know You better. So please Teresa O’Driscoll you – in the testing times and the will you remind me daily to seek You is the author of 9 Days to Heaven, happy times too. You can read the through reading the Bible. I ask this in How to make everlasting meaning of details for yourself in the Bible, maybe the name of Jesus Christ. Amen’ your life. Caritas Calling! - October / November 2020 Pope Francis General Audience catechesis creates a harmonious unity in diversity on Church's social teaching - “To heal the for the true building up of society. May world” the Spirit grant us the wisdom and creativity to find those forms of Summary of the Holy Father's words: solidarity needed in our post-Covid Dear Brothers and Sisters, in our continuing world, for the healing of interpersonal reflection on the current pandemic, we have and social ills, and the growth of the seen how closely connected we are, human family in fraternity, justice and dependent on one another precisely because peace. role played by the many people who Integral Ecology – ‘some operative we were created by God and share a common generously care for others, especially guidelines’ home.
Recommended publications
  • Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
    Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 Conforming to General Convention 2018 1 Preface Christians have since ancient times honored men and women whose lives represent heroic commitment to Christ and who have borne witness to their faith even at the cost of their lives. Such witnesses, by the grace of God, live in every age. The criteria used in the selection of those to be commemorated in the Episcopal Church are set out below and represent a growing consensus among provinces of the Anglican Communion also engaged in enriching their calendars. What we celebrate in the lives of the saints is the presence of Christ expressing itself in and through particular lives lived in the midst of specific historical circumstances. In the saints we are not dealing primarily with absolutes of perfection but human lives, in all their diversity, open to the motions of the Holy Spirit. Many a holy life, when carefully examined, will reveal flaws or the bias of a particular moment in history or ecclesial perspective. It should encourage us to realize that the saints, like us, are first and foremost redeemed sinners in whom the risen Christ’s words to St. Paul come to fulfillment, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” The “lesser feasts” provide opportunities for optional observance. They are not intended to replace the fundamental celebration of Sunday and major Holy Days. As the Standing Liturgical Commission and the General Convention add or delete names from the calendar, successive editions of this volume will be published, each edition bearing in the title the date of the General Convention to which it is a response.
    [Show full text]
  • CWL Margaret Clitherow.Pdf
    The life story of Margaret Clitherow, is at once ordinary and extraordinary. She was born in Middleton, England, in 1555, of protestant parents. Possessed of good looks and full of wit and merriment, she was a charming personality. In 1571, she married (arranged) John Clitherow, a well-to-do grazier and butcher (to whom she bore two children). They lived in ‘The Shambles’. Shortly after her marriage, Margaret converted to Catholicism. Her husband remained a Protestant, but was not hostile to his wife's religion. He paid her fines for not attending Protestant church services and looked the other way when she sheltered priests in their home and educated their children in Catholicism. The Clitherow home soon became one of the main places of refuge for fugitive priests in England. Margaret had a secret cupboard with vestments, wine and bread for Mass, as well as a "priest's hole" to hide the cleric himself. In 1586, there was a crackdown on remnants of Catholicism in the North. John Clitherow was summoned and asked about the whereabouts of his son, who was studying abroad to become a Catholic priest. He angrily refused to give any information. The Clitherow home was searched, but, as usual, the priest had left through a window and the authorities found only a small group of children at ordinary lessons. Unfortunately, however, among the group was a Flemish child whose fear of the authorities showed on his face. They seized him and threatened him with a flogging; he immediately told them everything he knew about Mrs. Clitherow's Catholic activities and even showed them the secret cupboard.
    [Show full text]
  • St Cuthbert Mayne School
    Position: Headteacher Information for Applicants Mission Statement “Christ is our Cornerstone” To be a learning Community, rooted in the teaching of Christ. To reflect and share the love of God in our Service and Worship. “Learning is our focus” Our educational vision is to provide an inspirational Christian education which engages, challenges and nurtures our students so that they may live life to the full, now and in the future. Core Values: To have integrity and be courageous, compassionate and creative. These core values underpin how we work as a School Community and the values we look to develop in all members of the Community. Courageous: Being confident, to embrace challenge. Compassionate: Reflect the love of God. Care for others, to be peace makers who understand the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation. Creative: To be inventive, resourceful and visionary. 1 Thank you for your interest in the advertised post of Headteacher at St Cuthbert Mayne School. This is a permanent full time contract. Please find enclosed an Information Pack issued by the Governors. Contents: Welcome from Head Boy and Head Girl 3 Welcome from the Chair of Governors 4 Background, the School, and OFSTED 5 Christian Ethos, 6th Form and Digital Learning 6 Learning and Teaching, General School Life and Student Council 7 Arrangements for Application 8 Job Description 9-11 Person Specification 12-13 2 Welcome from Head Boy and Head Girl Dear Applicant, Firstly, we would like to thank you for showing an interest in guiding our School. We are extremely passionate about our school and are proud in how the school has developed over time, but we are also very excited about the direction the school could continue in the future with new leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • Franciscan Saints, Blesseds, and Feasts (To Navigate to a Page, Press Ctrl+Shift+N and Then Type Page Number)
    Franciscan Saints, Blesseds, and Feasts (to navigate to a page, press Ctrl+Shift+N and then type page number) Saints St. Francis de Sales, January 29 ................................................ 3 St. Agnes of Assisi, November 19 ..........................................29 St. Francis Mary of Camporosso, September 20 ................24 St. Agnes of Prague, March 2 ...................................................6 St. Francis of Paola, April 2 ........................................................9 St. Albert Chmielowski, June 17 ............................................. 16 St. Francisco Solano, July 14 .....................................................19 St. Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception, July 28........20 St. Giles Mary of St. Joseph, February 7 ................................4 St. Amato Ronconi, May 8 .......................................................12 St. Giovanni of Triora, February 7 ............................................4 St. Angela Merici, January 27 ................................................... 3 St. Gregory Grassi, July 8 ........................................................ 18 St. Angela of Foligno, January 7 ................................................1 St. Hermine Grivot, July 8 ....................................................... 18 St. Angelo of Acri, October 30 .............................................. 27 St. Humilis of Bisignano, November 25 .................................30 St. Anthony of Padua, June 13 ................................................ 16 St.
    [Show full text]
  • English Catholic Eschatology, 1558 – 1603
    English Catholic Eschatology, 1558 – 1603. Coral Georgina Stoakes, Sidney Sussex College, December, 2016. This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. At 79,339 words it does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the History Degree Committee. Abstract Early modern English Catholic eschatology, the belief that the present was the last age and an associated concern with mankind’s destiny, has been overlooked in the historiography. Historians have established that early modern Protestants had an eschatological understanding of the present. This thesis seeks to balance the picture and the sources indicate that there was an early modern English Catholic counter narrative. This thesis suggests that the Catholic eschatological understanding of contemporary events affected political action. It investigates early modern English Catholic eschatology in the context of proscription and persecution of Catholicism between 1558 and 1603.
    [Show full text]
  • Our 21St Century Schools Planning Catholic Education in the Diocese of Cardiff for the Next Generation
    Newyddiadur Swyddogol Esgobaeth Caerdydd Issue 261 September 2018 Official Newspaper of the Archdiocese of Cardiff Pick up your FREE copy today Our 21st century Schools Planning Catholic Education in the Diocese of Cardiff for the next generation As we celebrate the exam results is based on strong spiritual values and sound in our Catholic schools (see the educational research. Our ambition is:- • The creation of a world-class Catholic article on this page) Archbishop education system that enables all the George reflects on the mission for children of the Archdiocese to achieve their spiritual, educational and human Catholic education in the diocese potential. • To work closely with stakeholders on ‘In your Catholic schools, there is always a re-structuring our schools to deliver a bigger picture over and above the individual sustainable system that is fit for the future. subjects you study, the different skills you Our mission is wholly in line with Welsh learn. All the work you do is placed in the Government’s aspirations for education. This context of a growing friendship with God and is backed by Organisation for Economic Co- all that flows from that friendship. So you operation and Development (OECD) learn not just to be good students, but good evidence. I am conscious of the need for citizens, good people’. closer working between our schools. The His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI. proposal for a new 3-16 school to replace St. Alban’s High School and St. David’s and Our ‘The mission of the school is to develop a Lady of th e Angels Primary Schools will allow sense of truth, of what is good and beautiful.
    [Show full text]
  • Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600
    Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 By Leon Chisholm A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Kate van Orden, Co-Chair Professor James Q. Davies, Co-Chair Professor Mary Ann Smart Professor Massimo Mazzotti Summer 2015 Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 Copyright 2015 by Leon Chisholm Abstract Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 by Leon Chisholm Doctor of Philosophy in Music University of California, Berkeley Professor Kate van Orden, Co-Chair Professor James Q. Davies, Co-Chair Keyboard instruments are ubiquitous in the history of European music. Despite the centrality of keyboards to everyday music making, their influence over the ways in which musicians have conceptualized music and, consequently, the music that they have created has received little attention. This dissertation explores how keyboard playing fits into revolutionary developments in music around 1600 – a period which roughly coincided with the emergence of the keyboard as the multipurpose instrument that has served musicians ever since. During the sixteenth century, keyboard playing became an increasingly common mode of experiencing polyphonic music, challenging the longstanding status of ensemble singing as the paradigmatic vehicle for the art of counterpoint – and ultimately replacing it in the eighteenth century. The competing paradigms differed radically: whereas ensemble singing comprised a group of musicians using their bodies as instruments, keyboard playing involved a lone musician operating a machine with her hands.
    [Show full text]
  • 21St Sunday of Ordinary Time 2016 Newsletter
    PARISH OF OUR LADY AND ST DAVID CWMBRAN (Registered Charity No. 242380) Parish Priest: Canon John Griffiths Tel: 01633 482346 Parish Deacon: Rev Peter McLaren Tel: 01633 770754 Safeguarding Officer: John Metcalfe Tel: 007977108478 Tea, coffee and a chat in St Anne’s room Parish Email address: [email protected] after Mass every Sunday Parish Website address: ourladyoftheangels.org.uk Parish Office address:[email protected] PAC Chairman: Mrs. Paddy Landers 01633 868352 SVP: Dave Stroud 01633 838542 Mrs S McCool, Head Teacher, Mrs J Weightman, Acting Head OLA School Tel: 484673 St David’s School Tel: 482580 21st AUGUST 2016 21st SUNDAY OFORDINARY TIME YEAR C Psalter Week 1 Men from east and west will come to take their places at the feast in the kingdom of God. It’s probably a nightmare we all share to some degree or other - being locked out of the house, the sales, the big match, or missing the train, the boat or plane. Contemplating watching the crowds that have got inside, while we can do nothing, can be unnerving. Complacency can leave us in this situation: today the Lord warns all who listen to him to be careful, taking nothing for granted, but making sure that we are (spiritually at least) like the people waiting with their sleeping bags and thermos flasks by the front door of the ticket office. PSALM O praise the Lord, all you nations, acclaim him all you peoples! Strong is his love for us; he is faithful for ever First Reading: Is 66: 18-21 Second Reading: Heb 12:5-7,11-13 Gospel Reading: Luke 13: 22-30 PARISH
    [Show full text]
  • College Martyrs
    TUTOR GROUP MARTYRS Class A – Ashley Blessed Ralph Ashley Ralph Ashley served as a cook at Douai College France. He went to Spain in 1590 and became a Jesuit Lay Brother. He returned to England in 1598 and served with Father Edward Oldcorne. He was captured in 1604 and was terribly tortured and executed. Class C – Clitherow Saint Margaret Clitherow Margaret Clitherow was a butcher’s wife in York. In 1574 Margaret became a Catholic and an active helper of the Douai priests. She also ran a Catholic school for her children and neighbours. Officers found vestments worn by priests in her house and so on 25th March 1586 she was crushed to death. She took a quarter of an hour to die. Her two sons became priests. Class J – Jones Saint John Jones John Jones was a Welshman. He appears in 1587 as a priest working among the Catholics in a Prison. This work was cut short when his disguise was discovered, and he was arrested and imprisoned at Wisbech Castle. However he did escape and made his way to the continent. He returned to England in 1592, and two years later was a prisoner once more at Wisbech. He was martyred on 12th July 1598. There was an hour’s delay in his execution because the hangman had forgotten his rope. Father Jones made use of time in prayer and addressing the crowd. Class L – Line Saint Anne Line Anne Line and her husband were both converts and though both were disinherited because of their faith they managed to live quite comfortably until 1586 when a priest was arrested whilst saying Mass in their house.
    [Show full text]
  • Keeping the Martyrs Alive
    Keeping the Martyrs Alive John O’Connor OP St Edmund Campion, St Robert Southwell and Companions are remembered by the Society of Jesus on 1 December, but how does their martyrdom inform our lives as followers of Christ today? ‘Perhaps when questions are resolved and peace is restored the impact of martyrdom becomes weaker’, suggests Fr John O’Connor OP. A couple of years ago I read an who had died for their faith. Of article by Nicholas Lash, entit- course, I knew about St Oliver led ‘What Might Martyrdom Plunkett and those who suffer- Mean?’ ed under the penal laws, but at school, even in politically relax- A good question, that. There is ed Galway, it was Robert Em- a fairly obvious way of answer- met and Wolfe Tone, Connolly ing it, in high-minded, abstract and Pearse who were spoken terms. But perhaps the import- about more – mainly in history ant question is: what might lessons, admittedly – and who martyrdom mean to us , what were put forward as the key role does it actually play in our markers in the common story. lives, in our personal and coll- ective understandings of what it Photo by Lawrence OP at flickr.com I suppose it was because relig- is to be a follower of Christ? ious persecution had long gone Reflecting on the Feast of St Edmund Campion and that Oliver Plunkett did not grip the collective the English Jesuit Reformation Martyrs, I found imagination as the political martyrs did, for the myself asking these questions of myself. political questions were still ongoing and not resolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Walk
    Like a Deer Yearning for Running Streams Following in the footsteps of the Lancaster Martyrs Edited by Fr Philip Conner Table of Contents PART 1 Cloud of Witnesses Biographies of the Lancaster Martyrs PART 2 The Martyrs Walk The Icon of the Lancaster Martyrs Introduction to the Pilgrims Walk Prayers at the shrine of the Lancaster Martyrs The Rosary Walk PART 3 Prayers from the Time of the Martyrs Prayers to Sanctify the Day Prayers before Meals Prayers before Receiving Holy Communion Prayers to the Guardian Angels Prayers for a Happy Death Prayers to Our Lady APPENDIX Places to visit relating to the Lancashire Martyrs From front cover: *Inscription on the ancient cross at Lee House Mission, Thornley-cum-Wheatley. he name of this book is taken from graffiti etched into the 3 Twalls of the Tower of London by George Beesley, a martyr hailing from the country parish of Hill Chapel in Goosnargh. There were few villages and towns in Lancashire that were left untouched by the ‘iniury of the tymes’ when Catholicism was driven underground and her adherents were persecuted mercilessly, some condemned to death. At that time Lancaster was the seat of the assizes in North West England and in recent years the Church has recognised the heroic virtue of 14 priests and laymen from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered on account of their faith on the outskirts of the city. The prayers within this book have been collected from devotional tracts and books of that time, all of which would have been considered contraband.
    [Show full text]
  • Antonio Possevino's Tribute to Edmund Campion John Donnelly Marquette University, [email protected]
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette History Faculty Research and Publications History, Department of 1-1-1988 Antonio Possevino's Tribute to Edmund Campion John Donnelly Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu. Volume LVII. (1988): 163-169. Publisher Link. © 1986 Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu. Used with permission. TEXTUS INEDITI ANTONIO POSSEVINO'S TRIBUTE TO EDMUND CAMPION JOHN PATRICK DONNELLY, S.J. - Marquette University, Milwaukee. During June of 1580 Edmund Campion and Robert Persons were smuggled into England and worked with marked success until Campion's capture by the English government on July 17, 1581. He was tried for treason and executed December 1, 1581. The treason charges were widely disbelieved in England and on the Continent; indeed the execution caused such resent­ ment throughout Catholic Europe that the English government felt com­ pelled to justify its action. The most important English apology was The Execution of Justice in England, which first appeared anonymously on 1 December 17, 1583 • Its real author was William Cecil, Lord Burghley. An expanded edition was published in 1584; since the English government wanted to present its case to the larger European world as well as to its own subjects, there were Latin, French, Dutch, and probably Italian and 2 German translations as early as 1584 • The news of Campion's execution created considerable stir in far away Poland. Even before Campion's martyrdom the famous Jesuit writer Peter Skarga had incorporated considerable material on the English martyrs in his popular Lives of the Saints of 1579. In 1583 there appeared at Vilna a Polish translation of Campion's Decem Rationes together with a short life of the author3 .
    [Show full text]