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, -I .IJ to: •.' I: ~-- ,/;, ,V - ¢""'-'........ -,-,t&. '. /> •• ~ OhananjayaraoGadgil Libmy'-- __ ...... IlmmlllmmmUl1 GIPE-PUNE-O 1791 & Rare. GAZETTEER, OF THE J ALANDHAR DISTRIOT, 1.883-84.. Compiled and Published under the authority of the Punjab Government. Janott: t PRINTED AT TllE " ARYA PRESS/ trv RAM DAS. PRE FA C E. THE peri~d fixed by th: Punja? Go.ve:nment for the compilation of the Gazetteer of the ProvInce' bemg lImIted to twelve mOijths, the Editor has not been able to prepare any original matter for the present \-,,"ork; and his duties have been confined to throwing the already existing material into shape, supplementing it as far as possible by contributions obtained from district officersJ passing the draft through the pressJ circulating it for revision, altering it in accordance with the correc tions and suggestions of revising officers, and printing and issuing the final edition. The material Cl,vaiIable in print for the Gazetteer of this district consisted of the Settlement Reports, and a draft Gazetteer compiled between 1870 and 1874 by Mr. F. Cunninghaml Barrister-at-Law. Notes on ce;rtarn points have been supplied by district officerS; while the report on the Census of 188 I has been utilised: Of the present volume~ Section A of Cap. V (General Administration), and the whole of Cap. VI (Towns), have been for the most part supplied by the Deputy Commissioner; while Section A of Cap. I i I (Statistics of ropulation) has been taken from the Census Re~ort. But with these exceptions, the great mass of the ~xt ha.s been taken almost, if not quite verbally, from l\lr. Cunningham's compilation already referred to, which again was largely based upon 11r. Richard Temple's Se.ttlement R.eport of the district. The report in question was written in 1852, and, modelled on the meagre lines of the older settlement repor~s, afford~ very inadequate material lor an account of the district. No better or fuller material, however, was either available or procurable within the time allowe"d; But so soon as the Settlement operations now in progress are'concluded. a second and more complete edition of this Gazetteer:will be prepared; and meanwhile the present edition ~'i1l serve the useful purpos,e of collecting and publishing in ,a systematis., form, information vvhich had before been scattered, and in part impubl1shed. ' The draft edition of this Gazetteer- has been reVised by Colonel Beadon, 'Mr. Barkley, l\1.r. Bullock, and Mr. p.urser. The Deputy Commissioner is responsible for the spelling of vernacular names, which has been fixed throughout by him in accordance with th~ 'prescribed system of ~ra:ns1iteration. The \ final edition, though completely com .. piled by the Editor. has heen passe~ through the press, by l\,lr. Stack, THE EDITOR, CON TEN T S. Pagl. CElAP. I.-TIlE DISTRICT I " 1l.~HISTORY 6 " III -THE PEOPLE 11 A. -STATISTICAL 11 B.-SOCIAL AND ltEtIGIOUS LIFE 18 O.-TRIBES AND OASTES 25 D.-VILLAGE OOMMUNITIES AND TENURES 27 ., [F.-PRODUOTION AND DISTRIBUTION n A.-AGRICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND LIVE-STOCK 41 B.-OccUPATIONS, INDUSTRIES, OOMMERCE A...'I1'D OOMMUNICATIONS 4:5 17:-ADMINISTRATION AND FINANOE " riO A.-GENERAL AmlI~lSTRATlON 50 B.-LAND A~1> LAND REVENUE 56 " Vl.-TOWNS, l\fUNIOIPALITIES, AND OANTONMENTS tiS STATISTICAL TABLES (bDEX ON PAGE ii) CHAPTER I.-THE DISTltIOT. General description-Physical featul'('s 1 Physical features-The Satlaj-The Ben . 2 The Ben-llarshes~Rainfall, temperature, and climate-Disease 3 Disease-Geology-Mineral products-'Vild animals-Sport-Flora 4: Flora 5 CHAPTE1t H.-HISTORY. Early history , . 6 Early history-Muham.madan period-British rule;-The l\Iutiny 7 The l\futiny-Ohanges of _boundary 9 Ohanges of boundary-District officers-Development since annexation. 10 CHAPTER IH.-THE PEOPLE. Section A.-Statistical- Distribution of populati0!l 11 Migration and birth-pla.ce of population 12 Migration and birth-place of, population-Increase and decrea.se of popu- lation . ... 13 Increase and decrea.s~ of population-Births a.nd deaths 14 Births and deaths-Age, Sex and civil condition . •.. 15 Age, sex and civil condition-Infirmities-European apd Eurasian .popu- . Iation - ' . 17 J;;lJropean and Eurasian populatioll 1 ~ u.. Section B.-Social and Religious Life- 1'''9'' Villages-Food of the people }8 Food of the people-Dress 19 Genflro.l statistics and distrihut!on of religions 20 General statistics and distribution of religions-Fairs-J tilandhar Mission and Mission Schools 21 J aIandhar Mission and Mission Schools 2::1 Education-Language"-Poverty or wealth of thA people ::~23 Poverty or wealth of the people-Character and disposition of the people... 24 Section O.-Tribes and Oastes,- Stll.ti.sLics and local distrihution of tribes and castes-Ja.ts and Ra.jpuh '" 2.') Jlitfi ILnd H.6Jputs-Brahmans-Khatris a.nd Banias-Gujanl-KalUhos- Pathlills 20 Section D.-Village Oommunities and Tenures-' Villa,!.(f) tenures 27 Proprietary right under the Sikhs-Revenue realized from cultivators itlAtoau of proprietors 2~ The position of malik rendered profitless and powerless-In profitable ('states, how(wer, the m4lik would assyt his claim .. , 29 In profitable estates, however, the mtUik would assert his' claim-Popular conception of proprietary right-Tenacious adherence to ancBstral shares ' 30 Tena.cious adherence to ancestral shares-Right of pre-emption closely watched-Distinction between cultivator and proprietor 31 , Summing up !>f the case-Riparian cuc;tolU-Proprietary tenures 32 Proprietary tenures-l'alu1.:dl1rt tenures 33 Talukdar' t~nures-Sales of real property 34 Sales of real property-Mortgages-Tenants and rent 35 Ten~nts and rent-Ra,tes demandable from hereditary cultivators-Privileges , 'Of hereditary cultivators:.-.Distinction between the several clJ.sses of cultivators unknown under Native Government 36 Rent-rates leviable from non-hereditary ,cultivators-Zaildar8 and village , ,'headmen ... 31 Zaildar8 and vUlage headmen-Agricultural labourers-Petty village grantees 39 Pdlerty Dr wealth of the ,proprietors ... 40 OHAPTER IV.-PRODUOTION AND 'DISTRIBUTION. Section A.-Agriculture, Arboriculture and Live-stock- General statistics of' agriculture-General state of agriculture-Soils 41 The seasons. Rainfall-:lrrigation, 42 Agricultural implements and appliances-Manure, rotation of crops, &c.- , Principal staples ... 4:4 Principal staples-Average yield. Production and, consumption,of food grains-Arboriculture and forests ... 44 A'rboriculture and forests-Live-stock :.. 45 Section B.-:-Occupations, Industries, Commerce a.nd Communlcations- Occupations of the people 45 Occupa.tions of'the people':""'Principal industries and ma.nufa.ctures 46 Prin<;:ipal industries and manufactures-Course a.nd na.ture of trnJe ... 47 Oourse .a.nd nature of trade-Prices, wages, rent-rates, interest·-I~ocll.l ,weights' and Dl.easurcs-Communic/l.tioDs-Rivers 48, Road!!; rest-houses and encamping-grouuds-fost Oifice-Telegral,q ~!l la.landhar Diatrict.l ... ?U CHAPTER V.-AD~IINISTRATION AND FINANCE. Section A.-:-General Administration- Page. 'Execut,ive ILnd Judicial-Criminal, P9lice and goals 50 Oriminal, -police and goals-Revenue. taxation and registration 51 Revenue, taxation and registration-Statistics of land revenue-Educa- tion ' 52 FAucation-Jalandhar District School-Rahon District School 53 Rahon District School-lIedical.......J ala.ndhar Civil Hospital-Leper Asylum 54: Leper Asylum-Ecclesiastical-Cantonments, troops, &c.- 55 Oantonments, troops, J..T{:.-Head-quarters of other departments ~6 Section B.-Land and Land Revenue- Revenue history under the Sikhs 56 Sikh-revenue system 58 Sikh revenue system-Position of assignees of revenue under the Sikhs 59 Sikh Government rights in wa.ste-English Settlements 60 English Settlements-Current Settlement 61 Cesses-Instalments o\f revenue-Government lands, forests, &c.,...-AAssign~ ments of land revenue 6~ CHAPTER VI.-TOWNS, ltIUNICIP~ITIES, AND OANTONMENTS. General statistics of towns-.:..J alandhar town.. Description 63 J alandhar town. Description-IJistory 6. Jalandhar t()wn: History........ Ta.xa.~on, trade, &c. 66 Population and vital statistics 67 Kartarptir Town ... ·68 Kartarptir Town-AIa,walptir Town-...:\.damptir 69 Adamptir-Rahon Town 70 Rahon Town-Nawashahr Town 71 Nawashahr Town-Bangah Town-Ntirmahal Town 72 Ntirmahal Town-"Phillour Town '1~ Phillour Town-Bilga Town - "74 Rilga. Town-JandiaJah Town-Rtirkah Kalan Town-Nakodar Town 75 Nakodar Town-Mahatptir Town ·76 Mahatptir Town . 71 Table No. ,I, showing LEADING STATISTICS. 1 2 3 I 4 I 5 tl - ! I DETAIL o.r TAHSII..'J. DETAILS. DISTRICT. Jalandhar. N a washahr. j Phillour. Nakodar. Total square miles (IS8l) .., 1,322 392 ' .. ,··1 294 294 342 ~ultjvated squar? miles {IS7S} .. , ... 1,036 29'9 204 241 292 Cultllrable squa.re miles lIS78) ... ' .. 141 47 41 33 20 Irrigated square miles (1878) ,~ ." ... 3;)3 71 84 103 95 Average square miles under crops (1877 to 1881) 1,123 311 228 261 323 Annua.l rainfa.ll in inches (1866 to 1882) ... ,., 31'2 3\'2 29'4 27'1 , 27'5 r •• Number of inhabited towns and villages (1881) ... 1,208 399 283 220 306 Total population (1881) ... ... ... 789,555 243,759 183,458 168119 194.069 Rurru population (1881) ... ... ... 652)s.a 176,006 162,~97 134,559 lig,572 Urba.n populMion (1881} , .. ... ..,. 137,2!1 67,753 21,261 33,710 U,497 573 567 Total population per square mile (1881) .,. '" 597 622 624 - Rural popula.tion per square mi~e (1881) .. , ... 493 449 552 457 525 - Hindus (1881) .. , ... ... ... 338,292 95,786 98,900 55,016 68,590 - 16,iOS Sikhs (lSSI) ... ... , .. n. 9O,32() 24,834 24,249 24.532 ,...... Jains (188\) ... ... ... ... 69(J 375 158 3 1M 1tluaalmans (1881) ... ... ... 358,601 121,215 60,149 58,620 118,617 - « , Average annual Land Rev~ue (1877 to 1881)- ... '1,224,507 349,2lf 302,21S 296,264 - 276,8U AveragG &nnn&.! gross revenne (lsn to 1SS1) t ... 1,68-1,330 ... ,., ... .., .. I • l"ixrd, tbretua.ting, and m.Ucl)ll~eoul.