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Durham E-Theses The development of higher education in Leeds: the emergence of a system of secondary education 1800-1907 Bassett, Frederick C. How to cite: Bassett, Frederick C. (1965) The development of higher education in Leeds: the emergence of a system of secondary education 1800-1907, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9925/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 a?HE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN LEEDS. \SOO ^ v\o«Ti ^ PHEDERICK :C. BASSETT THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF M.ED. UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM DECEMBER 1965 PLAN FOREWOBD 1. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION PART 1. 1800 to 1830 "THE ANCIENT GRA3MMAR SCHOOL TRADITION" CHAPTER 2. ^EEDS GRAMMAR SCHOOL.C The Eldon Decision And Its Aftermatli} ^3. CHAPTER 3. WORTLEY GRAMMAR SCHOOL. PART 2. 1845 to 1870 "MID-OENTURY STIRRINGS" CHAPTER 4. LEEDS GRAMMAR SCHOOL. CHAPTER 5. WORTLEY GRAMMAR SCHOOL. CHAPTER 6. THE SCHOOLS OP THE LEEDS MECHANICS' INSriTUTEt The Modern Schools, [foTUided 1845l<i) Boys'School :O0G;v\i'ScKcpL CHAPTER 7. LEEDS CHURCH MIDDLE CLASS SCHOOL; jj^unded 1870, out of the National SchoOlTj PART 3. 1895 to 1907 "INQUIRY AND ACTION AT THE TURN OF THE CHAPTER 8. LEEDS GRAMMAR SCHOOL. CHAPTER 9. WORTLEY GRAMMAR SCHOOL:TTo Its IIPS Closure in 1907^ CHAPTER 10. LEEDS MODERN SCHOOLStOPransferred to the L.E.A. in 1907|. 00 CHAPTER 11. LEEDS CHURCH MIDDLE CLASS ^ yae. SCHOOL;I To Its Closure in 1907J- ^ CHAPTER 12. LEEDS GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL! [Established 1876; Endowed from Leeds Grammar School in 189djl. CHAPTER 13. THE SCHOOLS OF LEEDS SCHOOL BOARD > [Central Higher Grade School, founded 1885. Southern Higher Grade School, founded 18913. CHAPTER 14. yHE WORK OF LEEDS BDUQSPION 2.5\ COMMITTEE. TThoresby High School, 1905, developed from the Pupil Teachers' Centre. West Leeds High School 1907. >, Bay Preparatory Trades Schools I9O6). CHAPTER 15. ' CONCLUSIONS AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF LATER DEVELOPMENTS TO 19^9. 5 B.l6w\0<5rR/^Pv^Y. 4 ' i %OAr, A?9e^^y>\ce:s: f o.Wi^Nirsi ^\\ XNpeix, : ci Ue«ds^ nJLS 00 Tv^e^ o\6. ft^c Ckv<aj<v\xoaV ScWoo i .. (^\' 9ob\<c Recova 0<f5vc€^ . 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IT} O « V • o 3•H ^8 fl 4 • • B 3 i o 1 I • 0 o 1 S 0 00c o o *J >- 4*^ I Q O » • u • 4> 8 •« g 5 4* 1 SI o . 4« 41 ml a 7t Cvli) F 0 R E -W . 0 R D This study is concerned with that kind of education which was provided in schools during the period 1800 to 1907, and it does not attempt to deal with the education given in the University and Colleges which were founded during this period. It deals only with the Secondary and Technicea education dispensed by public bodies. The private adventure schools are excluded as are the elementary schools, both private and public, and schools maintained by the Roman Catholic Church. Most of the main terms used in describing types of education in England have difficulties of definition, and this is true of the terms.Secondary and Technical. In particular, "Secondary Education" has had chaqges of connotation from time to time. For the purposes of this study, the terms are defined as following: "Secondary Education" is education of above elementary standard provided in schools established to supply it, or utilised for that purpose, while "Technical Education" is education with a technical bias, and above elementary standard, provided in schools devoted to that purpose for children of school age. The development of education in Leeds is a topic which is Important from the national, as well as the purely local, point of view. The distinguished historian of English Schools, A.F. Leach-'- has said: "In no psirt of the country can more ancient schools or schools with a more interesting history be found than in Yorkshire." 1. A.P. Leach, m the introduction to the t.w& Volumes of: "Early Yorkshire SchoolSj;^<jo^, ^.V, Vc\.l.^ The history of education 6h Leeds is as interesting in its own way, &s that of the County in which it lies. Indeed the development of Secondary Education in Leeds represents in microcosm the development of Secondary Education in England. Leeds has its ancient grammar schoolr whose roots lie in medieval times; in one of its townships was a Seventeenth Century foundation; it had one of the earliest schools to be established by a Mechanics' Institute for the teaching of modern subjects, and it had the first Day Preparatory Trades Schools in the country, forerunners of the Junior Technical Schools. The Eldon Decision, famous in the history of education, was the outcome of a law suit instigated by the governors of Leeds Grammar School. In the history of Secondary Education in Leeds can be traced; the various influences of the national scene, the changing economic and social conditions, the ways in which the old institutions adapted themselves as a result of these pressures, and the emergence of new types of schools. Such a local history reflects the national history of education and at the same time ttould illuminate it. The main aim of this thesis is to show the manner in which Secondary Education in Leeds developed between 1800 and 1907 into a system near its present form. It is hoped that it will show the bontributions made by the many sources from which the present system emerged. To this end, therefore, attention will be concentrated upon the various contributing movements, and forms Cixi) of Secondary Education, at the times when they were most influential. In order to do this, it will be necessary to explore over certain periods the histories of all the schools involved, but it is not intended that this thesis will be a complete history of these schools. The pattern of this study is outlined below; it has been so devised that each of the main national actions on education, and most of the important local innovations, occur during the periods selected. In particular, advantage is taken of the main Government enquiries into Charities and Secondary Education, for the light they throw/upon the local situation. It is hoped in this way to achieve the aims set down, and also to produce a coherent account of the growth of Secondary Education in Leeds. Throughout this study the policy concerning the selection of material has been to use in detail, so far as possible, only that which has not been drawn upon in the various school histories.