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ECOTOURISTS WHO RESPECT NATURE AND THE CULTURE, WHO LOVE ADVENTURE AND TO EXPLORE; IS WAITING FOR YOU.

Contents Eco-, Agro- and Active Tourism in Erzurum 2 - 3 Why Erzurum? 4 - 5 Pehlivanlı - Serdarlı - Sırakonaklar 8 - 11 Valley 12 - 13 İspir Verçenik Mountain 14 - 15 Erzurum Map of Eco-, Agro- and Active Tourism 16 - 18 4 5

ECO-, AGRO- AND ACTIVE TOURISM IN ERZURUM

Erzurum is an unexplored paradise in terms of tourism, based on the nature. Are you ready for a visual feast by the deep valleys, broad bird and butterfly species, wild life from grizzly bear to lynx, colorful flora including endemic species, mountains ranged one after another, glacial lakes, fairy chimneys, vibrant rivers and waterfalls? Plateaus - villages - where traditional agriculture and husbandry, local texture - village architecture - which have you wander throughout the history, natural products - cuisine - which are prepared in home-style… The experience of being a guest in a village household, joy of working in a village garden - mulberry gathering - molasses cooking, stock prodding, intaking the air of a village… Here are tons of reasons why you should wander through the magic of nature and naturality… 6 7

WHY ERZURUM?

Erzurum, 64% of whose geography is composed of mountains, has the feature of ecologically being an “Alpine Area” with its elevations over 3000 m and natural forests. The main reason for the biological diversity in the vicinity is the altitude difference between 800 - 3000 m and the temperature changing between 36,5 and -37,2 degrees. Çoruh Basin found on İspir-Artvin and -Artvin Highways is one of the magnificent treasuries of . This area is found on the western part of Caucasian ecological region which was selected by International Protection Agency and is one of the warn regions out of 34 in total with a wide bio-diversity. This region is used as a passage corridor for wild birds migrating by soaring as well as by migratory birds between Caucasian and Ana- tolia. This route is the passage corridor used by thousands of birds which try to reach Africa by passing from the western side of Caspi- an Sea and following Çoruh Valley over Anatolia to the Middle East and from here to Egypt and Arabian Peninsula. 8 9

WHY ERZURUM?

That several bird species which are rather hard to be observed in the nature and require long distance walks to be seen can be seen without getting away from car roads in the district puts Erzurum on a more privileged state. Çoruh Basin embodies two third of butterfly species in Turkey. Eco-, agro-, and active tourism points of Erzurum are concentrated in the towns of Tortum, Uzundere and İspir inside Çoruh Basin. Uzundere Valley and İspir Verçenik Mountain Wild Life Management Area have been analyzed as selected areas with high value in terms of nature tourism in Erzurum Nature Tourism Master Plan (2013-2023) prepared by the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs and the General Directorate of Nature Preservation and Natural Parks. During studies of the Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, Pehlivanlı - Serdarlı - Sırakonaklar were determined as Eco-, Agro-, and Active Tourism route. Moreover, Palandöken Mountain, Fairy Chimneys, Dumlu Plateau and Ovacık are some other areas to be evaluated in Eco-, Agro-, and Active Tourism. Activities of Eco-, Agro-, and Active Tourism in Erzurum are available for experiencing in four seasons. June - September are ideal for bird-watching and May - September are for butterfly observation. Mountain goat and wolf are observable in winter, while grizzly bear in spring and autumn. Spring, winter and autumn offer choices for observing the vegetation cover of the region and tasting local food. 10 11

PEHLİVANLI - SERDARLI - SIRAKONAKLAR

It is a challenging route bounding Tortum and İspir towns and including deep valleys, villages, plateaus, high hills and glacial lakes. It starts at the parting of the Pehlivanlı Road at the 80th km of Erzurum-Artvin Road. Through the route, one first encounters Pehlivanlı, Bağbaşı and Serdarlı Valleys, Kalavan Plateau and Uzunkavak Yedigöller. Then departing again from Uzunkavak Village for Devedağı Passageway on the side of İspir, passing from Araköy, Devedağı and Ahlatlı Villages subsequently, one can reach to Sırakonaklar. What can be done or seen throughout the route?

Butterfly Observation Mountain Wagtail, Blue Rock Thrush, Approximately 50 butterfly species Ring Ouzel, Blue Tit, Rock Nuthatch, can be observed in Pehlivanlı, White-throated Dipper, Wallcreeper, Bağbaşı, Serdarlı and Sırakonaklar Red-billed Chough, Golden Oriole, valleys which are the ideal Blue Robin, Robin, Red-fronted Serin, observation points. In these points, European Goldfinch, Little Owl and Jay. there are the butterfly species of Mediterranean Honeysuckle, Caucasian Fritillary, Spotted Fritillary, Swallowtail, Brown Argus, Apollo, Cardinal, Freyer's Grayling, Polyommatus Eriwanensis, Turquoise Blue, Small Skipper, Yellow-legged Tortoisehell, Green Hairstreak, Anatolian Black-Eyed Blue, Black-veined White, Common Brimstone, Small Tortoiseshell, Chelmos Blue, Eastern Comma, Eastern Bath White, Lesser Bath White and Large Jevel Blue. Bird-Watching There are 100 bird species, a majority of which is local type, in Bağbaşı, Serdarlı and Sırakonaklar Valleys which are the ideal bird-watching points on the route. The observable main bird species are Rock Eagle, Short- toed Snake Eagle, Lammergeier, Egyptian Vulture, Long-legged Buzzard, Hoope, Bee-eater, Green Woodpecker, Syrian Woodpecker, 12 13

PEHLİVANLI - SERDARLI - SIRAKONAKLAR

Wild Life Observation Gastronomy Bağbaşı, Serdarlı and Sırakonaklar The local food such as village breakfast, Valleys, Plateaus, Devedağı salmon trout, molasses, dried fruit layers Passageway and Uzunkavak or roll-ups, fruit marmalade, dried fruits, Yedigöller are the ideal observation herbal tea, sour dried fruits, honey, cağ points within the route. Grizzly bear, kebab, kuymak, mıhlama, pickles, home hook-horned mountain goat, wolf, meals, local soups, village bread can be catamount, lynx, squirrels, vipera tasted in little restaurants and pensions kaznakovi, lizards, pigs, fox, weasel. in Pehlivanlı, Bağbaşı and Sırakonaklar Villages. Flora Genetic analysis present that the Agro- and Active Tourism region is rich in wild fruits and Molasses and marmalade preparing, gathering fruit and vegetable, working herbaceous plants. Here are found in garden and field in summer months the fruits like hawthorn, cranberry, in Pehlivanlı, Bağbaşı and Sırakonaklar mulberry, pomegranate, fig, green Villages, participating in husbandry, plum, cherry, oleaster, cherry laurel, cheese and butter production activities black mulberry, wild, sour plum, in Kalavan, Uzunkavak and Serdarlı wild pear, red barberry, rosehip, Tablelands may be experienceed. Rural raspberry, blackberry, apricot culture can be monitored at all points and almond. In the vicinity basil, on the route and hidden beauties of the spearmint, clove, annual nettle, region may be explored by cooperating beetroot, rack, apiaceae and with the local people. Historical stone mushroom grow in their natural houses in Sırakonaklar, Ahlatlı and environment. Devedağı and historical constructions in Bağbaşı and Sırakonaklar can be visited. Natural Beauties Photo safari can be done on green valleys reaching to the depths of Pehlivanlı, Bağbaşı, Serdarlı and Sırakonaklar Villages. Uzunkavak Waterfall in Uzunkavak Yedigöller is an interesting natural formation. Devedağı which is an important passageway on the route draws attention with the view of mountain ranges from Tortum to İspir. Natural beauties can be explored by trekking, cycling and jeep safari along the route. Block rocks, caves with cold air in Pehlivanlı Village are of the main geological formations that worth seeing. 14 15

UZUNDERE VALLEY

Uzundere with interesting geological formations, a variety of vegetation cover, fauna and ecological features is one of the ecotourism areas worth seeing. Tortum Lake, Tortum Waterfall, Yıkıklar in the vicinity offer alternatives with seasonal waterfalls, lake, stream and streamlets for activities based on water. Here can be found areas ideal for butterfly and bird observation, flora, photo safari, nature walk and camping. Historical Öşvank Church, Sapaca Castle and Engüzek Castle may be visited.

Bird-Watching Natural Beauties Altitude changes between the lowest Tortum Lake and around are almost and the highest points (800–3000 like a geological laboratory. Tortum m) of Uzundere Valley, micro-climate Lake which is a set lake caused by feature and climate changes caused landslides in the mid 1700’s lies as 11 emerging of more than 100 endemic km long on the direction of north- species here including very rare ones. south and 1000 m on the east-west. This condition puts the vicinity on a The depth is 40-50 m, while the special state in terms of bird species. altitude is 1027 m. Salmon trout and Each year in the last week of Sep- mirror carp are found in the lake tember, Çoruh Valley Bird-watching where case fishing is performed. Festival is organized in Uzundere. While the eastern side of the lake is Bird-watching Routes: decorated with fairy chimneys, very 1- Mescit Mountains, Uzundere - İspir steep and rocky formations stand Passageway, out on the west side. One might 2- Çamlıyamaç - Kılıçkaya Passa- need to climb up to one of the geway, peaks of Tevin Mountain (2400 m) 3- Tortum Lake, or Kemerli Mountain (2700 m) so to 4- Zuvar Strait, watch the lake view as a whole. 5- Engüzek Castle Valley Tortum Streamlet forming a new Butterfly Observation lake bed after the formation of the Topographic condition, climate fac- lake has created Tortum Waterfall tors and plant diversity of Uzundere with the width of 22 m and altitude Valley are the main causes of butterf- of 48 m. Tortum Waterfall, among ly variety. The Valley is found within the highest waterfalls of Turkey, is Çoruh Basin which comprises two one of the numerous waterfalls of third of butterfly species in Turkey the world with regards of its forma- and where approximately 100 species tion and altitude. can be observed. 16 17

İSPİR VERÇENİK MOUNTAIN

İspir-Verçenik Wild Life Management Area is found between the altitudes of 830 - 3700 m. Milder climate is seen on low altitudes, while continental climate prevails on upper points. One of the fastest flowing rivers is Çoruh River within the area. Bird-watching and wild life observation can be performed in the neighborhood. Wild goat, hook-horned mountain goat and red-potted salmon trout are under protection here. Photo safari, nature walks, one-day camps, transhumance, one-day picnics in crater lakes are among tourism activities nowadays.

Bird-Watching Flora Some habitats in and around the An altitude difference reaching to valley shelter many bird species 3000 m between the lowest and peculiar to the Eastern Black Sea the highest points has created a Region. In the region with the status rich biological variety in the valleys of “Important Bird Area”, there are of the region. There are more than lammergeier, griffin, black vulture, 100 endemic species including rare wood grouse and Caspian snowcock. ones such as orchid, freesia (iris) and Bird-watching routes: 1- Yedigöller, 2- geranium in the valley of the region. Çamlıca Quarter (Korga), 3- Yavuzlar Quarter, 4- Çayırözü Village, Ovit Agro- and Active Tourism Passageway. 17 plateaus remaining inside the area are being used with the purpose Wild Life Observation of grazing by the public beginning İspir Verçenik Mountain is featured as from the second half of June till the a main mammalian area with grizzly last week of September. Husbandry, bear, hook-horned mountain goat, apiculture, salmon trout farming, wolf, catamount, lynx populations. greenhousing, mulberry cultivation are done here. Mulberry molasses, dried fruit layers or roll-ups and İspir bean are among the local foodstuff.

Natural Beauties Çoruh River and Valley, Kaçkar Mountins standing out with their altitude and steep view, Yedigöller formed upon Soğanlı-Kaçkar Mountains, Elmalı Cave with high plateaus and interesting stalactites are among interesting views worth seeing. You can join nature walks, cycling tours and jeep safari in order to explore the area. Kömürlü İnanlı Havuzlu Demirkent

Serleciler KUMLUK MOUNTAIN Kırgülü

DAVUT MOUNTAIN Erzurum-Artvin Road Soğanlı Plateau İşhan Yüncüler GÜNGÖRMEZ MOUNTAIN KARAMOVUT MOUNTAIN Tekkale Beşkavak ARTVİN Dağyolu Dokumacılar Kaynarca

Çevreli

Kocalar Kışla Artvin - İspir Road Şorah Göl Çeltikdüzü Görgülü Ayvalı

SYMBOLS Morkaya Kınalıçam Sırakonaklar Butterfly Observation KAÇKAR MOUNTAINS Ormandibi Üzümbağı Çal Kılıçkaya Karakale Bird-Watching ERZURUM MAP OF ECO-, Elmadüzü Wild Life Dağeteği Sülünkaya AGRO- AND ACTIVE TOURISM Flora Alanbaşı Karakamış Kemerli Mountain Natural Beauties Kayaaltı Gastronomy Köprügören Gümüşsöz Güryaprak Günlüce Arıtaş Yaylaçayır Agrotourism Çağlayanlı

Çatakkaya Local Architecture Bakırtepe Ulubağ Yedi Göller Yedigöl Geçitağzı Historical Work-of-Art Çanakpınar Güneysu Yıldıztepe Çamlıkaya Artvin - İspir Road Yokuşlu Balıklı Village Tortum Waterfall Hotel-Pension Dutlu Derebaşı Camping Area Armutlu Alatarla Esenyamaç Restaurant Cevizli Öşvank Church Plateau Tevin Mountain Güzelsu Village Center Taşlıca Aksu Gökçedere Town Center Paisor Plateau Çamlıyamaç Başköy Tortum Lake Main Road Gölbaşı Moryayla Cevizli Plateau Rize - İspir Road Çoruh River İnciköy Zarnıç Village Road Kirazlı Artvin - İspir Road Erzurum-Artvin Road Streamlet Ahlatlı Altınçakmak Şendurak Ulutaş Bahçeli Şenköy Water course Subatık Devedağı Çayırözü Çakmaklı Ardıçlı Provincial Border Düzköy Yeşilyurt Kaynakbaşı Goç Demirbilek ELEVATIONS Araköy Yedigöze 1000-1600 m Aşağıfındıklı Erdoğmuş Numanpaşa Sapaca Yukarıfındıklı İğdeli Soğuksu Fısırık Castle 1600-2000 m Dikyar Başçeşme Sapaca Kalesi Artvin - İspir Road Devedağı Passageway 2000-2400 m Haho Church Özlüce Tepecik Orucuk Sarısaz Öztoprak 2400-3000+ m UZUNDERE İyidere Tekpınar Kaleboğazı Pehlivanlı Çataldere Seyitefendi Bağbaşı Sapaca Plateau Ballıca Değirmenli Duruköy Akgüney Küçük Orcuk İspir Castle Kaleyanı Engüzek Çamlıbel Erzurum - Road İSPİR Irmakköy Dikmen Castle Kemerkaya

Uzunkavak Carmes Plateau İnanmış Toprakkale Serdarlı Tortum River Kavaklı Armutlu Başbağlar Halilpaşa Koç Duralar Madenköprübaşı Suyatağı Bademli Kirazlı Zuğar Gorge Başaklı Pınarlı Kümetaş Ünlükaya Bostancı Derinpınar Rize - İspir Road Ayyıldız Demirkaya Tutmaç Gündoğdu Uzundere Plateau Alabalık Aktaş Yarbaşı Şenyurt Ulubel Köprükoy Ortaköy Taşpınar Sandıklı Yazyurdu Elmalı Petekli Damarlıtaş Özdere Elmalı Başpınar Erzurum-Artvin Road Cave Çatalsögüt Vişneli Cankurtaran Kuruçalı Koçkaya Çardaklı Demirbaş Gökdere Toztaşı Dağyolu Güvenlik Samikale Araköy Yağlı İncetepe Arılı Yaylacık Uzunkavak - Yedigöller Demirciler Gökdağ NARMAN Karapınar Beylar MESCİT MOUNTAINS Erzurum - Ardahan Road Serinsu Meydanlar Çakıllı Karadağ Karakaya Tortumkale Erzurum - Kars Road Güney Karlı Karahan Ortaören Viranşehir Alacabük Gölleri Esenduran Kışlaköy Büyük Göl Şehitler Avcı Zeyrek İncesu Ballı Demirdağ

Şekerli Kapıkaya Kemerkaya Erzurum - Kars Road Narman Peribacaları Alapınar Tipili TORTUM

Akseki Karapınar Yoldere Yeditepe Çiftlik Kireçli Peynirli Tatlısu Ziyaretli Yağcılar Erzurum-Artvin Road Alacalar Taşoluk Tarlabaşı Kazancılar Aktaş Kırmalı Koyunören

Yamankaya

Yumaklı

Hamidiye Erzurum-Artvin Road Road Ardahan - Erzurum Kömürlü İnanlı Havuzlu Demirkent

Serleciler KUMLUK MOUNTAIN Kırgülü

DAVUT MOUNTAIN Erzurum-Artvin Road Soğanlı Plateau İşhan Yüncüler GÜNGÖRMEZ MOUNTAIN KARAMOVUT MOUNTAIN Tekkale Beşkavak ARTVİN YUSUFELİ Dağyolu Dokumacılar Kaynarca

Çevreli

Kocalar Kışla Artvin - İspir Road Şorah Göl Çeltikdüzü Görgülü Ayvalı

Morkaya Kınalıçam Sırakonaklar

KAÇKAR MOUNTAINS Ormandibi Üzümbağı Çal Kılıçkaya Erzurum Tourism Portal Karakale www.goerzurum.net www.visit-er.netElmadüzü Dağeteği Sülünkaya Alanbaşı Karakamış Kemerli Mountain

Kayaaltı CONTACTS Köprügören Gümüşsöz Güryaprak Günlüce Arıtaş Yaylaçayır Çağlayanlı RELEVANT FOUNDATIONS TOURISM AGENCIES Hotel Polat Çatakkaya Bakırtepe Ulubağ Yedi Göller +90 (442) 235 03 63 Yedigöl Geçitağzı Erzurum Governorate Kuşkay Tour Çanakpınar Yıldıztepe +90 (442) 237 50 00 Esadaş Hotel Güneysu Artvin - İspir Road Yokuşlu +90 (442) 234 24 47 Çamlıkaya Balıklı Village Tortum Waterfall www.erzurum.gov.tr +90 (442) 233 54 25 11 Tour Dutlu Erzurum Metropolitan +90(442) 234 15 15 HotelDerebaşı Amiller Municipality www.11tur.com +90 (442) 234 92 17 Armutlu Alatarla Esenyamaç +90Cevizli (442) 233 00 04 Durmazpınar Tourism Akçay Hotel Öşvank Church Plateau Güzelsu Tevin Mountain +90 (442) 233 36 90 +90 (442) 235 32 64 Provincial Directorate of www.durmazpinartur.com Culture and Tourism Taşlıca Hekimoğlu Hotel Gökçedere Aksu Paisor Plateau Çamlıyamaç +90 (442) 235 09 25 Ak-Burak Tour +90 (442) 234 30 49 Başköy Tortum Lake +90 (442) 235 65 16 District Directorate of Kral Hotel Gölbaşı Eş-Dost Tour Forestry and Water Affairs +90 (442) 234 64 00 Moryayla Cevizli Plateau +90 (442) 233 68 22 +90 (442) 235 55 25 Rize - İspir Road Çoruh River İnciköy Zarnıç Pehlivanlı Hostel (Tortum) Kirazlı Overir Tour Artvin - İspir Road Erzurum-Artvin Road Tourist Information +90 (442) 234 65 65 +90 (442) 772 20 54 +90 (442) 235 09 25 Ahlatlı Altınçakmak www.overirtur.com Turan Hostel (Uzundere) Şendurak Ulutaş Bahçeli Şenköy Ambulance Short-Call: 112 +90 (535) 821 77 25 Tur 25 Tourism Subatık Devedağı Police Short-Call: 155 +90 (442) 235 35 97 Çayırözü Çakmaklı Ardıçlı www.tur25.com Nature Hostel (Uzundere) Düzköy Yeşilyurt +90 (532) 7484840 Kaynakbaşı Goç Demirbilek TRANSPORTATION Araköy Medam Tourism Yedigöze Rıza’nın Hostel (Uzundere) Erzurum Airport +90 (505) 893 53 92 +90 (533) 488 44 77 Aşağıfındıklı +90 (442) 327 28 35 www.medam.com.tr Erdoğmuş Numanpaşa Sapaca OLTU Yukarıfındıklı İğdeli İbrahim Hostel (Uzundere) Soğuksu Fısırık Castle ACCOMMODATION Dikyar +90(538) 429 76 65 Başçeşme Sapaca Kalesi +90 444 0 849 Artvin - İspir Road Devedağı Passageway Haho Church www.thy.com.tr PolatOrucuk Renaissance Hotel Sapaca Hostel (Uzundere) Özlüce Tepecik Anadolujet Sarısaz Öztoprak UZUNDERE +90 (442) 232 00 10 +90 (536) 240 68 64 İyidere Tekpınar +90 444 2 538 www.polatturizm.com Kaleboğazı Pehlivanlı www.anadolujet.com Sırakonaklar Hostel (İspir) Çataldere Seyitefendi Xanadu Snow White +90 (442) 467 20 29, 39, 50, Bağbaşı Sapaca Plateau Onur Airlines +90 (442) 230 30 30 Ballıca +90 (850) 210 6 687 54, 62, 65, 467 21 27 Değirmenli Duruköy www.xanaduhotels.com.tr www.onurair.com Küçük Orcuk Kaçkar Hotel (İspir) Akgüney Kaleyanı Dedeman Palandöken İspir Castle Engüzek Çamlıbel +90 (535) 451 29 39 Erzurum - Ardahan Road İSPİR +90 (442) 316 24 14 Irmakköy Dikmen Castle +90 (850) 250 07 37 www.dedeman.com ZeyrekKemerkaya Hotel (İspir) www.flypgs.com +90 (442) 462 20 28 Uzunkavak Carmes Plateau İnanmış Dedeman Ski Lodge Erzurum Bus Terminal +90 (442) 317 05 00 Toprakkale Serdarlı Tortum River Kavaklı Armutlu Başbağlar +90 (442) 233 90 90 Halilpaşa Koç www.dedeman.com CONTACTSDuralar IN THE Madenköprübaşı Suyatağı Esadaş Tourism Tourinn Palan Hotel COUNTRYSIDE Bademli +90 (442) 235 22 01 Kirazlı Zuğar Gorge +90 (442) 317 07 07 www.esadas.com Başaklı Musa Uzun (Uzundere) Pınarlı www.palanhotel.com Kümetaş +90 (530) 350 93 72 Ünlükaya Bostancı Dadaş Tourism Derinpınar Palandöken Kayak Evi Rize - İspir Road +90 444 25 00 +90 (442) 317 08 04 Ali Koçak (Pehlivanlı) Ayyıldız Demirkaya Tutmaç Gündoğdu Uzundere Plateau www.dadasturizm.com.tr +90 (532) 652 71 30Alabalık Aktaş Yarbaşı Hotel Dilaver Şenyurt Palandöken Tourism +90 (442) 235 00 68 Ulubel Köprükoy Ortaköy Dursun Ali Göksal Taşpınar Sandıklı Yazyurdu +90 (442) 235 00 54 Elmalı Petekli palandokenseyahat.com Grand Hitit Hotel (Sırakonaklar) +90 (442) 233 50 01 +90 (537) 320 58 73 Damarlıtaş Özdere Elmalı Başpınar Erzurum-Artvin Road Cave Çatalsögüt Vişneli Cankurtaran Kuruçalı Koçkaya Çardaklı Demirbaş Gökdere Toztaşı Dağyolu Güvenlik Samikale Araköy Yağlı İncetepe Arılı Yaylacık Uzunkavak - Yedigöller Demirciler Gökdağ NARMAN Karapınar Beylar MESCİT MOUNTAINS Erzurum - Ardahan Road Serinsu Meydanlar Çakıllı Karadağ Karakaya Tortumkale Erzurum - Kars Road Güney Karlı Karahan Ortaören Viranşehir Alacabük Gölleri Esenduran Kışlaköy Büyük Göl Şehitler Avcı Zeyrek İncesu Ballı Demirdağ

Şekerli Kapıkaya Kemerkaya Erzurum - Kars Road Narman Peribacaları Alapınar Tipili TORTUM

Akseki Karapınar Yoldere Yeditepe Çiftlik Kireçli Peynirli Tatlısu Ziyaretli Yağcılar Erzurum-Artvin Road Alacalar Taşoluk Tarlabaşı Kazancılar Aktaş Kırmalı Koyunören

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Yumaklı

Hamidiye Erzurum-Artvin Road Road Ardahan - Erzurum This brochure was printed within the project named "Awareness Project for Erzurum Tourism Products" supported by Northeast Anatolia Development Agency. The mere responsibility for the content is held by Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate and the content does not include the opinion of Northeast Anatolia Development Agency.