General Introduction Part One Medieval Russia: Kiev to Moscow
Notes Full publication details, where not supplied here, will be found in the relevant sec tions of the Select Bibliography. General Introduction l. Kliuchevskii, Sochineniia, I, p. 47. 2. R. J. Kerner, The Urge to the Sea: The Course of Russian History- The Role of Rivers, Portages, Ostrogs, Monasteries and Furs (New York, 1971 ). 3. See G. V. Vernadsky, Ancient Russia (New Haven, Conn., 1943); P. P. Tolochko et al (eds), Drevnie slaviane i Kievskaia Rus (Kiev, 1989). 4. See K. Hannes tad and others., 'Varangian Problems', Scando-Slavica, Supplement I (Copenhagen, 1970). See also the controversial study by 0. Pritsak, The Origin of Rus (Cambridge, Mass., 1981). 'Normans' are usually said to be settlers of later generations, but all four terms - Normans, Norsemen, Varangians and Vikings- have been used here interchangeably. Part One Medieval Russia: Kiev to Moscow Introduction 1. Kliuchevskii, Sochineniia, I, pp. 360-1, finds feudal obligations less binding in Russia than in the West. Martin, Medieval Russia, pp. 372-99, has a chapter on 'Conclusions and Controversies'. See also T. Kuryuzawa, 'The debate on the genesis of Russian feudalism in recent Soviet historiography' in T. Ito (ed.), Facing Up to the Past: Historiography under Perestroika (Sapporo, 1989). Ch. 1 The Construction and Collapse of Kiev, 882-1240 1. Cross, The Russian Primary Chronicle, p. 59. See T. S. Noonan, 'Why the Vikings first came to Russia', Jahrbiicher fiir Geschichte Osteuropas, vol. 34 (1986). 2. Kliuchevskii, Sochineniia, I, p. 204. P. P. Tolochko, Drevniaia Rus: ocherki sotsialno-politicheskoi istorii (Kiev, 1987) gives a judicious summary view of early Kievan developments.
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