Military Service and Sacrifice

2 Winchester Cathedral Wolvesey Castle (Old Bishop’s Palace) Peninsula Barracks Peninsula Barracks 4 5 The Westgate Did you know? 7a 7b City centre guide to Hampshire Record Office offers ‘The King’s House’ in WWII Winchester Cathedral enshrines a long history An important residence of the help to people looking to trace of military service and sacrifice. It contains major wealthy and powerful Bishops of Winchester’s military past their ancestry via army records. MILITARY memorials (including the Rifle Brigade Centenary Winchester since Anglo-Saxon Go to www3.hants.gov.uk/ Window), monuments to illustrious military leaders, times, the surviving ruins date Trace Winchester’s military past from Winchester and many inscriptions recording the deaths of largely from the 12th century work archives/hals-collections/army- individual soldiers in both famous and lesser-known of Bishop Henry of Blois (1129–71). records.htm to find out more. the Iron Age to the Nuclear Age campaigns. It houses the laid up colours of several In September 1141, during the Civil Located directly opposite One of King Alfred’s defensive ‘burhs’, local regiments, and also Books of Remembrance for War between King Stephen and Normandy, was the springboard Winchester was established as refuge and units including The Royal Hampshire Regiment, The the Empress Matilda, the besieged for ‘Operation Overlord’, the code strong point to resist the Danish invaders. A Rifle Brigade and the Merchant Navy. The cathedral defenders of Wolvesey set fire to Winchester College name for the Allied Invasion of itself is no stranger to conflict – the West Window testifies to a violent incursion by and destroyed most of Winchester 6 raiding army had destroyed the settlement in 860AD Europe in World War II. The county Parliamentary troops during the Civil War and Bishop Peter Mews, a Royalist spy whilst holding off Matilda’s force. became a vast armed camp full of Now a museum, the Westgate was but the old Roman town walls were refurbished and identified by the number 757, was The city offered the site of the allied troops encamped in towns, built to be one of the defensible a new street system was laid out inside the walls. Winchester’s equivalent of James Colour key 1 - 8 in date order castle to Charles II who paid his first villages and woods. Winchester’s gateways in Winchester’s city walls, Bond. Special military-themed Iron and known visit in 1682. A scheme was newly-built by-pass became a giant These intramural streets (such as North Walls) Vikings and first established by the Romans in the tours can be booked through the Bronze Age, Anglo Saxons developed for a park and a ‘noble tank park and camp for British and Roman first century AD. The line of the walls were laid with the intention of rushing troops to website. Palace, sufficient like Windsor, for American troops. Even Peninsula remained unaltered throughout later threatened parts of the walls. The town’s walls www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk Middle Ages, a summer residence for the whole Barracks in the city was taken over Modern times and, though the Westgate’s th Tudors & Court’. Construction of the palace, by the Ninth US Infantry Division see were largely dismantled by the end of the 18 Civil War History present structure is medieval and designed by Sir Christopher Wren 12 overleaf for more information century. dates mainly from the 12th to 14th Winchester and influenced by Versailles, began on their stay. It was here that 3 centuries, it is thought to stand Castle in 1683 but ended on the death of American troops were reviewed by on the site of the earlier Roman Charles in 1685. ‘The King’s House’, Winchester’s Founded in 1382, Winchester Churchill and Eisenhower. (See 13 1 gate. The west wall was entirely little more than a carcass of a house, Roman walls th College has the longest unbroken and overleaf for more details) rebuilt in the 14 century when a served as a prison for 5,000 French history of any English school. Whilst Venta Belgarum was founded whole series of new defences was soldiers during the Seven Years’ WWI claimed the lives of over 500 around AD70 with earth and timber added in view of a possible invasion War from 1757 to 1764 and from Boer War old Wykehamists, a further 275 died 8 defences. In the late 2nd century from France. The works included 1778 to 1785 during the American horse trough in World War II. Officially opened the defences were rebuilt with a 1 a portcullis, machicolations, gun War of Independence. From 1792 in 1924, the War Cloister was Erected new earthen bank and ditch that, ports and possibly a drawbridge. to 1796 it was home to refugee designed by Sir Herbert Baker to in 1905, for the first time, fully enclosed The two inverted keyhole gunports, clergy from revolutionary France commemorate those who had lost located near the urban area. The ramparts were intended for primitive hand cannons, before becoming an army barrack 8 their lives. the junction strengthened in the early 3rd century 5 are amongst the earliest pieces of in the same year. The King’s House Just months after 1066 and 7 6 Notable Old Wykehamists with a of Jewry with a masonry wall about 3m thick. 3 architectural evidence for the use of was eventually destroyed by fire on Winchester’s surrender, William the 8 military career who were all awarded Street and St The succession of defences can be artillery in this country. The Westgate the night of 19th December 1894. Conqueror ordered the construction 7a the Victoria Cross include Dennis George’s Street Winchester has a rich and varied military history. seen in the model in the City Museum. The same line of the walls continued is open weekends in the afternoon Some parts of Wren’s palace were of a castle within the city walls. 7b George Wyldbore Hewitt (1897- in Winchester, From Iron Age forts, to Civil War sites, through two to be followed up to the 18th century when great lengths of the walls were between February and October. reused in the replacement building Winchester Castle became one of 1917); Charles Doughty-Wylie this landmark commemorates the World Wars to the completion of a Nuclear bunker demolished. The short lengths that survive are mainly post-Roman though the which was ready for the army by the great fortresses of medieval (1868-1915); Daniel Burges (1873- 450,000 horses killed in the South sited at Twyford - the district’s military stories span fragment behind the grill in the weirs is part of the core of the Roman wall. 1904 and later renamed Peninsula England. It was maintained and 1946); Arthur Forbes Gordon Kilby African War of 1899-1902. centuries of history. Barracks, see 7b The army remained enhanced until 1645 when it was (1885-1915); and Air Chief Marshal Did you know? in occupation up to 1983. If you are interested in finding out more about the besieged, captured by Cromwell, 1 Hugh Dowding (1882-1970). military history of Winchester, ancient and modern, and eventually demolished. The 2 15 Victoria Cross medals are Please see www. then follow these two informative trails – one based currently on display in Winchester Great Hall, built between 1222 winchestercollege.org/guided- in the city and one taking you further afield. and 1235, is the only substantial Military Museums. Further medals tours for details of regular guided If you would like this leaflet in a Did you know? surviving part of the medieval castle. of Wintonians who have been tours around the College and for larger format, please contact the King_Alf Winchester city centre is spectacularly transformed by Homecoming Parades that A drawing of Winchester made by awarded this honour are also tours of War Cloister. tourist information centre assemble at The Guildhall for a reception by the Mayor of Winchester. KingAlfWinchester Willem Schellinks in 1662 shows 4 on display in the Imperial War 01962 840 500 the slighted castle as a still imposing Museum. [email protected] 6 KingAlfWinchester ruin overlooking the city. On-site visitwinchester.co.uk interpretation panels and displays tell the story of the castle. Produced by Winchester City Council April 2019 visitwinchester.co.uk 2 Winchester Cathedral Wolvesey Castle (Old Bishop’s Palace) Peninsula Barracks Peninsula Barracks 4 5 The Westgate Did you know? 7a 7b City centre guide to Hampshire Record Office offers ‘The King’s House’ in WWII Winchester Cathedral enshrines a long history An important residence of the help to people looking to trace of military service and sacrifice. It contains major wealthy and powerful Bishops of Winchester’s military past their ancestry via army records. MILITARY memorials (including the Rifle Brigade Centenary Winchester since Anglo-Saxon Go to www3.hants.gov.uk/ Window), monuments to illustrious military leaders, times, the surviving ruins date Trace Winchester’s military past from Winchester and many inscriptions recording the deaths of largely from the 12th century work archives/hals-collections/army- individual soldiers in both famous and lesser-known of Bishop Henry of Blois (1129–71). records.htm to find out more. the Iron Age to the Nuclear Age campaigns. It houses the laid up colours of several In September 1141, during the Civil Located directly opposite One of King Alfred’s defensive ‘burhs’, local regiments, and also Books of Remembrance for War between King Stephen and Normandy, was the springboard Winchester was established as refuge and units including The Royal Hampshire Regiment, The the Empress Matilda, the besieged for ‘Operation Overlord’, the code strong point to resist the Danish invaders. A Rifle Brigade and the Merchant Navy. The cathedral defenders of Wolvesey set fire to Winchester College name for the Allied Invasion of itself is no stranger to conflict – the West Window testifies to a violent incursion by and destroyed most of Winchester 6 raiding army had destroyed the settlement in 860AD Europe in World War II. The county Parliamentary troops during the Civil War and Bishop Peter Mews, a Royalist spy whilst holding off Matilda’s force. became a vast armed camp full of Now a museum, the Westgate was but the old Roman town walls were refurbished and identified by the number 757, was The city offered the site of the allied troops encamped in towns, built to be one of the defensible a new street system was laid out inside the walls. Winchester’s equivalent of James Colour key 1 - 8 in date order castle to Charles II who paid his first villages and woods. Winchester’s gateways in Winchester’s city walls, Bond. Special military-themed Iron and known visit in 1682. A scheme was newly-built by-pass became a giant These intramural streets (such as North Walls) Vikings and first established by the Romans in the tours can be booked through the Bronze Age, Anglo Saxons developed for a park and a ‘noble tank park and camp for British and Roman first century AD. The line of the walls were laid with the intention of rushing troops to website. Palace, sufficient like Windsor, for American troops. Even Peninsula remained unaltered throughout later threatened parts of the walls. The town’s walls www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk Middle Ages, a summer residence for the whole Barracks in the city was taken over Modern times and, though the Westgate’s th Tudors & Court’. Construction of the palace, by the Ninth US Infantry Division see were largely dismantled by the end of the 18 Civil War History present structure is medieval and designed by Sir Christopher Wren 12 overleaf for more information century. dates mainly from the 12th to 14th Winchester and influenced by Versailles, began on their stay. It was here that 3 centuries, it is thought to stand Castle in 1683 but ended on the death of American troops were reviewed by on the site of the earlier Roman Charles in 1685. ‘The King’s House’, Winchester’s Founded in 1382, Winchester Churchill and Eisenhower. (See 13 1 gate. The west wall was entirely little more than a carcass of a house, Roman walls th College has the longest unbroken and overleaf for more details) rebuilt in the 14 century when a served as a prison for 5,000 French history of any English school. Whilst Venta Belgarum was founded whole series of new defences was soldiers during the Seven Years’ WWI claimed the lives of over 500 around AD70 with earth and timber added in view of a possible invasion War from 1757 to 1764 and from Boer War old Wykehamists, a further 275 died 8 defences. In the late 2nd century from France. The works included 1778 to 1785 during the American horse trough in World War II. Officially opened the defences were rebuilt with a 1 a portcullis, machicolations, gun War of Independence. From 1792 in 1924, the War Cloister was Erected new earthen bank and ditch that, ports and possibly a drawbridge. to 1796 it was home to refugee designed by Sir Herbert Baker to in 1905, for the first time, fully enclosed The two inverted keyhole gunports, clergy from revolutionary France commemorate those who had lost located near the urban area. The ramparts were intended for primitive hand cannons, before becoming an army barrack 8 their lives. the junction strengthened in the early 3rd century 5 are amongst the earliest pieces of in the same year. The King’s House Just months after 1066 and 7 6 Notable Old Wykehamists with a of Jewry with a masonry wall about 3m thick. 3 architectural evidence for the use of was eventually destroyed by fire on Winchester’s surrender, William the 8 military career who were all awarded Street and St The succession of defences can be artillery in this country. The Westgate the night of 19th December 1894. Conqueror ordered the construction 7a the Victoria Cross include Dennis George’s Street Winchester has a rich and varied military history. seen in the model in the City Museum. The same line of the walls continued is open weekends in the afternoon Some parts of Wren’s palace were of a castle within the city walls. 7b George Wyldbore Hewitt (1897- in Winchester, From Iron Age forts, to Civil War sites, through two to be followed up to the 18th century when great lengths of the walls were between February and October. reused in the replacement building Winchester Castle became one of 1917); Charles Doughty-Wylie this landmark commemorates the World Wars to the completion of a Nuclear bunker demolished. The short lengths that survive are mainly post-Roman though the which was ready for the army by the great fortresses of medieval (1868-1915); Daniel Burges (1873- 450,000 horses killed in the South sited at Twyford - the district’s military stories span fragment behind the grill in the weirs is part of the core of the Roman wall. 1904 and later renamed Peninsula England. It was maintained and 1946); Arthur Forbes Gordon Kilby African War of 1899-1902. centuries of history. Barracks, see 7b The army remained enhanced until 1645 when it was (1885-1915); and Air Chief Marshal Did you know? in occupation up to 1983. If you are interested in finding out more about the besieged, captured by Cromwell, 1 Hugh Dowding (1882-1970). military history of Winchester, ancient and modern, and eventually demolished. The 2 15 Victoria Cross medals are Please see www. then follow these two informative trails – one based currently on display in Winchester Great Hall, built between 1222 winchestercollege.org/guided- in the city and one taking you further afield. and 1235, is the only substantial Military Museums. Further medals tours for details of regular guided If you would like this leaflet in a Did you know? surviving part of the medieval castle. of Wintonians who have been tours around the College and for larger format, please contact the King_Alf Winchester city centre is spectacularly transformed by Homecoming Parades that A drawing of Winchester made by awarded this honour are also tours of War Cloister. tourist information centre assemble at The Guildhall for a reception by the Mayor of Winchester. KingAlfWinchester Willem Schellinks in 1662 shows 4 on display in the Imperial War 01962 840 500 the slighted castle as a still imposing Museum. [email protected] 6 KingAlfWinchester ruin overlooking the city. On-site visitwinchester.co.uk interpretation panels and displays tell the story of the castle. Produced by Winchester City Council April 2019 visitwinchester.co.uk 2 Winchester Cathedral Wolvesey Castle (Old Bishop’s Palace) Peninsula Barracks Peninsula Barracks 4 5 The Westgate Did you know? 7a 7b City centre guide to Hampshire Record Office offers ‘The King’s House’ in WWII Winchester Cathedral enshrines a long history An important residence of the help to people looking to trace of military service and sacrifice. It contains major wealthy and powerful Bishops of Winchester’s military past their ancestry via army records. MILITARY memorials (including the Rifle Brigade Centenary Winchester since Anglo-Saxon Go to www3.hants.gov.uk/ Window), monuments to illustrious military leaders, times, the surviving ruins date Trace Winchester’s military past from Winchester and many inscriptions recording the deaths of largely from the 12th century work archives/hals-collections/army- individual soldiers in both famous and lesser-known of Bishop Henry of Blois (1129–71). records.htm to find out more. the Iron Age to the Nuclear Age campaigns. It houses the laid up colours of several In September 1141, during the Civil Located directly opposite One of King Alfred’s defensive ‘burhs’, local regiments, and also Books of Remembrance for War between King Stephen and Normandy, was the springboard Winchester was established as refuge and units including The Royal Hampshire Regiment, The the Empress Matilda, the besieged for ‘Operation Overlord’, the code strong point to resist the Danish invaders. A Rifle Brigade and the Merchant Navy. The cathedral defenders of Wolvesey set fire to Winchester College name for the Allied Invasion of itself is no stranger to conflict – the West Window testifies to a violent incursion by and destroyed most of Winchester 6 raiding army had destroyed the settlement in 860AD Europe in World War II. The county Parliamentary troops during the Civil War and Bishop Peter Mews, a Royalist spy whilst holding off Matilda’s force. became a vast armed camp full of Now a museum, the Westgate was but the old Roman town walls were refurbished and identified by the number 757, was The city offered the site of the allied troops encamped in towns, built to be one of the defensible a new street system was laid out inside the walls. Winchester’s equivalent of James Colour key 1 - 8 in date order castle to Charles II who paid his first villages and woods. Winchester’s gateways in Winchester’s city walls, Bond. Special military-themed Iron and known visit in 1682. A scheme was newly-built by-pass became a giant These intramural streets (such as North Walls) Vikings and first established by the Romans in the tours can be booked through the Bronze Age, Anglo Saxons developed for a park and a ‘noble tank park and camp for British and Roman first century AD. The line of the walls were laid with the intention of rushing troops to website. Palace, sufficient like Windsor, for American troops. Even Peninsula remained unaltered throughout later threatened parts of the walls. The town’s walls www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk Middle Ages, a summer residence for the whole Barracks in the city was taken over Modern times and, though the Westgate’s th Tudors & Court’. Construction of the palace, by the Ninth US Infantry Division see were largely dismantled by the end of the 18 Civil War History present structure is medieval and designed by Sir Christopher Wren 12 overleaf for more information century. dates mainly from the 12th to 14th Winchester and influenced by Versailles, began on their stay. It was here that 3 centuries, it is thought to stand Castle in 1683 but ended on the death of American troops were reviewed by on the site of the earlier Roman Charles in 1685. ‘The King’s House’, Winchester’s Founded in 1382, Winchester Churchill and Eisenhower. (See 13 1 gate. The west wall was entirely little more than a carcass of a house, Roman walls th College has the longest unbroken and overleaf for more details) rebuilt in the 14 century when a served as a prison for 5,000 French history of any English school. Whilst Venta Belgarum was founded whole series of new defences was soldiers during the Seven Years’ WWI claimed the lives of over 500 around AD70 with earth and timber added in view of a possible invasion War from 1757 to 1764 and from Boer War old Wykehamists, a further 275 died 8 defences. In the late 2nd century from France. The works included 1778 to 1785 during the American horse trough in World War II. Officially opened the defences were rebuilt with a 1 a portcullis, machicolations, gun War of Independence. From 1792 in 1924, the War Cloister was Erected new earthen bank and ditch that, ports and possibly a drawbridge. to 1796 it was home to refugee designed by Sir Herbert Baker to in 1905, for the first time, fully enclosed The two inverted keyhole gunports, clergy from revolutionary France commemorate those who had lost located near the urban area. The ramparts were intended for primitive hand cannons, before becoming an army barrack 8 their lives. the junction strengthened in the early 3rd century 5 are amongst the earliest pieces of in the same year. The King’s House Just months after 1066 and 7 6 Notable Old Wykehamists with a of Jewry with a masonry wall about 3m thick. 3 architectural evidence for the use of was eventually destroyed by fire on Winchester’s surrender, William the 8 military career who were all awarded Street and St The succession of defences can be artillery in this country. The Westgate the night of 19th December 1894. Conqueror ordered the construction 7a the Victoria Cross include Dennis George’s Street Winchester has a rich and varied military history. seen in the model in the City Museum. The same line of the walls continued is open weekends in the afternoon Some parts of Wren’s palace were of a castle within the city walls. 7b George Wyldbore Hewitt (1897- in Winchester, From Iron Age forts, to Civil War sites, through two to be followed up to the 18th century when great lengths of the walls were between February and October. reused in the replacement building Winchester Castle became one of 1917); Charles Doughty-Wylie this landmark commemorates the World Wars to the completion of a Nuclear bunker demolished. The short lengths that survive are mainly post-Roman though the which was ready for the army by the great fortresses of medieval (1868-1915); Daniel Burges (1873- 450,000 horses killed in the South sited at Twyford - the district’s military stories span fragment behind the grill in the weirs is part of the core of the Roman wall. 1904 and later renamed Peninsula England. It was maintained and 1946); Arthur Forbes Gordon Kilby African War of 1899-1902. centuries of history. Barracks, see 7b The army remained enhanced until 1645 when it was (1885-1915); and Air Chief Marshal Did you know? in occupation up to 1983. If you are interested in finding out more about the besieged, captured by Cromwell, 1 Hugh Dowding (1882-1970). military history of Winchester, ancient and modern, and eventually demolished. The 2 15 Victoria Cross medals are Please see www. then follow these two informative trails – one based currently on display in Winchester Great Hall, built between 1222 winchestercollege.org/guided- in the city and one taking you further afield. and 1235, is the only substantial Military Museums. Further medals tours for details of regular guided If you would like this leaflet in a Did you know? surviving part of the medieval castle. of Wintonians who have been tours around the College and for larger format, please contact the King_Alf Winchester city centre is spectacularly transformed by Homecoming Parades that A drawing of Winchester made by awarded this honour are also tours of War Cloister. tourist information centre assemble at The Guildhall for a reception by the Mayor of Winchester. KingAlfWinchester Willem Schellinks in 1662 shows 4 on display in the Imperial War 01962 840 500 the slighted castle as a still imposing Museum. [email protected] 6 KingAlfWinchester ruin overlooking the city. On-site visitwinchester.co.uk interpretation panels and displays tell the story of the castle. Produced by Winchester City Council April 2019 visitwinchester.co.uk 2 Winchester Cathedral Wolvesey Castle (Old Bishop’s Palace) Peninsula Barracks Peninsula Barracks 4 5 The Westgate Did you know? 7a 7b City centre guide to Hampshire Record Office offers ‘The King’s House’ in WWII Winchester Cathedral enshrines a long history An important residence of the help to people looking to trace of military service and sacrifice. It contains major wealthy and powerful Bishops of Winchester’s military past their ancestry via army records. MILITARY memorials (including the Rifle Brigade Centenary Winchester since Anglo-Saxon Go to www3.hants.gov.uk/ Window), monuments to illustrious military leaders, times, the surviving ruins date Trace Winchester’s military past from Winchester and many inscriptions recording the deaths of largely from the 12th century work archives/hals-collections/army- individual soldiers in both famous and lesser-known of Bishop Henry of Blois (1129–71). records.htm to find out more. the Iron Age to the Nuclear Age campaigns. It houses the laid up colours of several In September 1141, during the Civil Located directly opposite One of King Alfred’s defensive ‘burhs’, local regiments, and also Books of Remembrance for War between King Stephen and Normandy, was the springboard Winchester was established as refuge and units including The Royal Hampshire Regiment, The the Empress Matilda, the besieged for ‘Operation Overlord’, the code strong point to resist the Danish invaders. A Rifle Brigade and the Merchant Navy. The cathedral defenders of Wolvesey set fire to Winchester College name for the Allied Invasion of itself is no stranger to conflict – the West Window testifies to a violent incursion by and destroyed most of Winchester 6 raiding army had destroyed the settlement in 860AD Europe in World War II. The county Parliamentary troops during the Civil War and Bishop Peter Mews, a Royalist spy whilst holding off Matilda’s force. became a vast armed camp full of Now a museum, the Westgate was but the old Roman town walls were refurbished and identified by the number 757, was The city offered the site of the allied troops encamped in towns, built to be one of the defensible a new street system was laid out inside the walls. Winchester’s equivalent of James Colour key 1 - 8 in date order castle to Charles II who paid his first villages and woods. Winchester’s gateways in Winchester’s city walls, Bond. Special military-themed Iron and known visit in 1682. A scheme was newly-built by-pass became a giant These intramural streets (such as North Walls) Vikings and first established by the Romans in the tours can be booked through the Bronze Age, Anglo Saxons developed for a park and a ‘noble tank park and camp for British and Roman first century AD. The line of the walls were laid with the intention of rushing troops to website. Palace, sufficient like Windsor, for American troops. Even Peninsula remained unaltered throughout later threatened parts of the walls. The town’s walls www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk Middle Ages, a summer residence for the whole Barracks in the city was taken over Modern times and, though the Westgate’s th Tudors & Court’. Construction of the palace, by the Ninth US Infantry Division see were largely dismantled by the end of the 18 Civil War History present structure is medieval and designed by Sir Christopher Wren 12 overleaf for more information century. dates mainly from the 12th to 14th Winchester and influenced by Versailles, began on their stay. It was here that 3 centuries, it is thought to stand Castle in 1683 but ended on the death of American troops were reviewed by on the site of the earlier Roman Charles in 1685. ‘The King’s House’, Winchester’s Founded in 1382, Winchester Churchill and Eisenhower. (See 13 1 gate. The west wall was entirely little more than a carcass of a house, Roman walls th College has the longest unbroken and overleaf for more details) rebuilt in the 14 century when a served as a prison for 5,000 French history of any English school. Whilst Venta Belgarum was founded whole series of new defences was soldiers during the Seven Years’ WWI claimed the lives of over 500 around AD70 with earth and timber added in view of a possible invasion War from 1757 to 1764 and from Boer War old Wykehamists, a further 275 died 8 defences. In the late 2nd century from France. The works included 1778 to 1785 during the American horse trough in World War II. Officially opened the defences were rebuilt with a 1 a portcullis, machicolations, gun War of Independence. From 1792 in 1924, the War Cloister was Erected new earthen bank and ditch that, ports and possibly a drawbridge. to 1796 it was home to refugee designed by Sir Herbert Baker to in 1905, for the first time, fully enclosed The two inverted keyhole gunports, clergy from revolutionary France commemorate those who had lost located near the urban area. The ramparts were intended for primitive hand cannons, before becoming an army barrack 8 their lives. the junction strengthened in the early 3rd century 5 are amongst the earliest pieces of in the same year. The King’s House Just months after 1066 and 7 6 Notable Old Wykehamists with a of Jewry with a masonry wall about 3m thick. 3 architectural evidence for the use of was eventually destroyed by fire on Winchester’s surrender, William the 8 military career who were all awarded Street and St The succession of defences can be artillery in this country. The Westgate the night of 19th December 1894. Conqueror ordered the construction 7a the Victoria Cross include Dennis George’s Street Winchester has a rich and varied military history. seen in the model in the City Museum. The same line of the walls continued is open weekends in the afternoon Some parts of Wren’s palace were of a castle within the city walls. 7b George Wyldbore Hewitt (1897- in Winchester, From Iron Age forts, to Civil War sites, through two to be followed up to the 18th century when great lengths of the walls were between February and October. reused in the replacement building Winchester Castle became one of 1917); Charles Doughty-Wylie this landmark commemorates the World Wars to the completion of a Nuclear bunker demolished. The short lengths that survive are mainly post-Roman though the which was ready for the army by the great fortresses of medieval (1868-1915); Daniel Burges (1873- 450,000 horses killed in the South sited at Twyford - the district’s military stories span fragment behind the grill in the weirs is part of the core of the Roman wall. 1904 and later renamed Peninsula England. It was maintained and 1946); Arthur Forbes Gordon Kilby African War of 1899-1902. centuries of history. Barracks, see 7b The army remained enhanced until 1645 when it was (1885-1915); and Air Chief Marshal Did you know? in occupation up to 1983. If you are interested in finding out more about the besieged, captured by Cromwell, 1 Hugh Dowding (1882-1970). military history of Winchester, ancient and modern, and eventually demolished. The 2 15 Victoria Cross medals are Please see www. then follow these two informative trails – one based currently on display in Winchester Great Hall, built between 1222 winchestercollege.org/guided- in the city and one taking you further afield. and 1235, is the only substantial Military Museums. Further medals tours for details of regular guided If you would like this leaflet in a Did you know? surviving part of the medieval castle. of Wintonians who have been tours around the College and for larger format, please contact the King_Alf Winchester city centre is spectacularly transformed by Homecoming Parades that A drawing of Winchester made by awarded this honour are also tours of War Cloister. tourist information centre assemble at The Guildhall for a reception by the Mayor of Winchester. KingAlfWinchester Willem Schellinks in 1662 shows 4 on display in the Imperial War 01962 840 500 the slighted castle as a still imposing Museum. [email protected] 6 KingAlfWinchester ruin overlooking the city. On-site visitwinchester.co.uk interpretation panels and displays tell the story of the castle. Produced by Winchester City Council April 2019 visitwinchester.co.uk Cheriton battlefield Fort Nelson Hursley Park war Alresford – Twyford nuclear Around Winchester guide to military past 5 9 Marwell Airfield 17 Hursley House 19 Worthy Down airfield 20 site SU 642 205 7 SU 607 072 memorial seat 12 50 Broad Street 15 bunker SU 492 241 SU 4276 2483 St Catherine’s Hill Norsebury Ring In late November Merdon Castle of 1943 the U.S. 1 SU 484 276 3 SU 4909 4008 4 47th Infantry were stationed at The Bishop of Winchester, Henry de Blois, built this various sites castle in 1138. It continued in the ownership of around Winchester the Bishops of Winchester until 1552 when it was (Alresford, Tichborne, Cheriton, surrendered to Edward VI. The castle is on private © Imperial War Museums A seat listing the regiments and their Armsworth, Bighton, Bishop Sutton and This key Royal Flying Corps base was land but some overgrown remains can be seen from established on the site of the old commanding officers who marched Northington Grange). The HQ at Just visible from the adjoining road, the road. The castle is sited within an earthwork This house was requisitioned by the Winchester racecourse on Worthy from Hursley Park to Southampton to 50 Broad Street, in Alresford is marked this bunker was created out of an whose form is suggestive of a much earlier Iron Age Between September 1941 and March Ministry of Aircraft Production to Down in 1917. In 1918, when the RAF embark for France in 1914. by a plaque. The men named the local old reservoir and was designed to hillfort. 1944, Cunliffe-Owen Aircraft used an re-house the Design and Production was formed, it became an RAF base, Between 1642 and 1649 the English public houses the ‘eight stars to victory’. act as a communications base for area within the Marwell Estate as department of Vickers Supermarine home to squadrons of bombers. Air- Civil War raged. By 1644 parliament When Hambone Jr, the regiment’s Southern Water staff to restore a an airfield to support the manufacture which had been bombed out of Marshal Portal and ‘Bomber’ Harris both controlled the south coast ports The Hazeley Down faithful canine mascot, was run over he safe water supply in the event of Built by Lord Palmerston to prevent a 10 of military aircraft at its nearby factory its original premises in Woolston, passed through.The airfield, infamous of Portsmouth, Southampton and memorial SU 5008 2550 was buried at The Dean, Alresford. A a nuclear attack on the UK. In the A Scheduled Ancient Monument on Did you know? French land attack on the Portmouth at the site now home to Southampton Southampton. During this time, Vickers for its uphill landing, became unsuitable Fareham, the Royalists held Winchester burial stone erected in 1962 with these 1980s, water was considered a private land, and just visible from the dockyard only six miles away, this is worked on the development of many The Royal Armouries at Fort and Andover. On 27 March 1644 the This memorial Airport. After the end of the war the for larger and modern aircraft and In the early Iron Age an unfortified one of five defensive forts built on words, ‘Here lies Hambone Jr. faithful aircraft - the Spitfire, and also the early priority to maintain, especially the adjoining footpath, this is a single Nelson benefitted from a commemorates th airfield was returned to agricultural was transferred to the Royal Navy settlement, dated at 550-450 BC, pikemen, musketeers and cavalry of friend of the 47 Infantry Regt. Ninth jet fighters like the Attacker, Swift deep underground wells which would ditch Iron Age enclosure of 7.9 acres the summit of Portsdown Hill in the use. Some of the hangars remain. as HMS Kestrel in 1939. The station was established on this hilltop. The £3.5m Heritage Lottery Fund the two armies met at Cheriton, the the troops Division U.S. Army May 1944’. and Scimitar. The house is now the have been uncontaminated by fall- (3.2 hectares). Sub-circular in shape, 1860s. A garrison of 200 volunteers played host to a variety of Fleet Air Arm defences, formed by the building of a redevelopment in 2011 that Royalists led by Ralph Hopton, the stationed at executive briefing centre for IBM. out. Twyford was chosen as a location the enclosure was badly damaged by accompanied by regular army officers squadrons and aircraft types including ditch-and-bank earthwork enclosing launched a new ‘Voice of the Parliamentarians by Sir William Waller. Hazeley Down Droxford railway as it was considered far enough away ploughing with only the north and were to man the fort in times of the Swordfish, Skua and Fulmar during nine hectares, were constructed Guns’ gallery showcasing two By late afternoon Hopton’s army was Camp in World Southwick House 16 station from Southampton, which would west ramparts surviving. The original war. It was not fully armed until WWII. Bombed by the Luftwaffe in around 250-200 BC. The original in retreat – setting Alresford ablaze for War I. It was 13 SU 63218 08805 have been a major nuclear target. entrances lie at the south east and sections of the Iraqui Super Gun. the 1890s; disarmed in 1907 and August 1940, the station was heavily wide entrance was reconstructed with cover – and Royalist military influence inaugurated 18 Bushfield Camp Sixty workers were to have access south west corners of the site. used for military accommodation. defended with a ring of 32 pill boxes timber and included guard houses set south of the Thames had ceased. at a service Fort Southwick to food, clear air and water for up In 1938 it was converted to an area and trenches. Sir Ralph Richardson in bays in the ramparts on either side. A leaflet is available to download held in August became the to two weeks. The Twyford bunker anti-aircraft ammunition store. It and Sir Laurence Olivier both served at In the 2nd century BC, the entrance ANDOVER from www.visitwinchester.co.uk and 1916. operational was completed in 1990 when the Colour key was abandoned in the 1950s. Since © Peter Facey WHITCHURCH TO BASINGSTOKE headquarters Worthy Down with the Fleet Air Arm. was narrowed and strengthened with 1-20 in date order re-enactments happens annually. Berlin Wall had already fallen. As 1995 it has been home to the Royal In 1952 the Naval Air Electrical School chalk blocks. The site was abandoned A303 Interpretation panels exist on site. of General the engineering contract had already Armouries national artillery collection Morn Hill camps moved here when the base became on or shortly after 50BC. Iron and Eisenhower who been committed to, it remained fully

and is open to the public as a state- 11 © Hampshire Chronicle SU 511 295 - SU 735 265 © Imperial War Museums HMS Ariel. In 1960 the Fleet Air Arm 3 Norsebury Ring ALTON Bronze Age co-ordinated operational until 1997 but, of course, of-the-art museum. handed the base over to the army and it

Roman all the planning was thankfully never used. A34 Nelson Monument, for ‘Operation © Imperial War Museums remains an army base. Old Winchester M3 Vikings and 2 6 Portsdown Hill Overlord’. The Golden Lion pub became On 2 June 1944, Churchill and Hill SU 642 205 A30 Anglo Saxons Shawford Down STOCKBRIDGE 19 SU 607 072 8 the unofficial officer’s mess where members of his Cabinet: General ALRESFORD wayside cross SU 468 245 Eishenhower enjoyed half pints of B3349 Eisenhower; Charles de Gaulle; An army training camp functioning Freedom of Entry the pub’s own-brewed bitter. Visit by 12 Middle Ages, This cross Canadian William Lyon McKenzie King during WWII, national servicemen WINCHESTER A31 appointment only. The freedom honour is an ancient privilege which A32 Tudors & Civil commemorates and South African leader Jan Smuts all and recruits to the Green Jackets A3057 War gives the right of entry and to bear arms in a city. the troops who met on the royal train in the siding at Brigade trained here in the1950s and 5 Historically, this right has been given to regiments 14 A272 marched Droxford. A plaque marks the event. 1961-64 respectively. The parade River 4 11 that the host city can rely on for protection. It also Test 17 1 Modern Droxford was chosen because of the 18 History en-route to During World War I, Winchester Cheesefoot Head. ground and derelict buildings remain. 9 10 Hazeley down 14 protection against enemy aircraft signifies a special relationship between the civil and Flanders in became a major transit location for SU 530 279 During the late 1940s the camp was 20 afforded by a deep cutting. The old military authorities. The following regiments have

1914. jointly run by the Rifle Brigade and © Imperial War Museums A3090 Marwell troops destined for the Western Front. been granted this honour: 8 15 PETERSFIELD Meon Valley line closed in 1955 and the King’s Royal Rifle Corps. ROMSEY Airﬁeld A3 Vast numbers of barrack huts and 1945 The Hampshire Regiment (later The Royal Hampshire Regiment) the station is now a private residence. Picture: King George VI inspecting troops EASTLEIGH B2177 16 Droxford recreation buildings were built, covering 1946 The King’s Royal Rifle Corps BISHOP’S railway station large tracts of Magdalen Hill, Winnall Picture: Droxford siding with Churchill, The Rifle Brigade / Prince Consort’s Own River Eisenhower, and Smuts on the platform M27 WALTHAM Down and Avington Park. 1970 The Royal Army Pay Corps The enclosure consists of a simple Itchen River 2 It is claimed the Morn Hill Camps could 1978 The Royal Green Jackets (includes the former King’s Royal Rifle Corps and The defensive bank and ditch built in the A32 Meon accommodate more than 50,000 1st millennium BC but there are a SOUTHAMPTON Rifle Brigade/Prince Consort’s Own) A31 A326 troops when Winchester at the time number of earlier Bronze Age burial WICKHAM 120ft (37m) tall on a granite base, this monument stands on Portsdown Hill, two 1992 The Princess Of Wales’s Royal Regiment (which includes the former Royal 13 Southwick House only had a population of about 20,000. © Imperial War Museums mounds within the interior. Outside M27 miles north of Portsmouth Harbour. Designed by John Thomas Groves, it was paid Did you know? Hampshire Regiment) By late 1917, after America joined the General Eisenhower, the Supreme the western entrance to the hillfort Royal Armouries for by the Navy. Construction began in 1807 when it was dedicated to Nelson. Every June Winchester holds a week long celebration to mark Armed Forces 1995 HMS Dryad The 7 War, Morn Hill was transferred to the Allied Commander-in-Chief of Allied there are further barrows of Bronze Fort Nelson It is situated at a very specific point on Portsdown Hill where it could act as a sea Day. Tourist attractions, restaurants and shops offer special ‘thank yous’ to 1996 The Adjutant General’s Corps (which includes the former Royal Army Pay New Forest A27 US Army and 700-800,000 American Forces, addressed American troops here Corps) Age date grouped around an even 6 Nelson mark for vessels coming into Portsmouth Harbour. Of unusual design - not being in military families for their contribution to protecting the nation. FAREHAM troops passed through the camps. New just prior to the invasion of Normandy earlier Neolithic long barrow. Monument the classical styles of Greece or Rome but modelled on a style of architecture from 2004 The Army Training Regiment information panels mark the history of in the early hours of 6 June 1944 that 2006 The King’s Royal Hussars Beaulieu Ethiopia - it is surmounted by a funerary bust of Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson. PORTSMOUTH the site. heralded the end of World War II. 2007 The Rifles (includes the former Royal Green Jackets) Cheriton battlefield Fort Nelson Hursley Park war Alresford – Twyford nuclear Around Winchester guide to military past 5 9 Marwell Airfield 17 Hursley House 19 Worthy Down airfield 20 site SU 642 205 7 SU 607 072 memorial seat 12 50 Broad Street 15 bunker SU 492 241 SU 4276 2483 St Catherine’s Hill Norsebury Ring In late November Merdon Castle of 1943 the U.S. 1 SU 484 276 3 SU 4909 4008 4 47th Infantry were stationed at The Bishop of Winchester, Henry de Blois, built this various sites castle in 1138. It continued in the ownership of around Winchester the Bishops of Winchester until 1552 when it was (Alresford, Tichborne, Cheriton, surrendered to Edward VI. The castle is on private © Imperial War Museums A seat listing the regiments and their Armsworth, Bighton, Bishop Sutton and This key Royal Flying Corps base was land but some overgrown remains can be seen from established on the site of the old commanding officers who marched Northington Grange). The HQ at Just visible from the adjoining road, the road. The castle is sited within an earthwork This house was requisitioned by the Winchester racecourse on Worthy from Hursley Park to Southampton to 50 Broad Street, in Alresford is marked this bunker was created out of an whose form is suggestive of a much earlier Iron Age Between September 1941 and March Ministry of Aircraft Production to Down in 1917. In 1918, when the RAF embark for France in 1914. by a plaque. The men named the local old reservoir and was designed to hillfort. 1944, Cunliffe-Owen Aircraft used an re-house the Design and Production was formed, it became an RAF base, Between 1642 and 1649 the English public houses the ‘eight stars to victory’. act as a communications base for area within the Marwell Estate as department of Vickers Supermarine home to squadrons of bombers. Air- Civil War raged. By 1644 parliament When Hambone Jr, the regiment’s Southern Water staff to restore a an airfield to support the manufacture which had been bombed out of Marshal Portal and ‘Bomber’ Harris both controlled the south coast ports The Hazeley Down faithful canine mascot, was run over he safe water supply in the event of Built by Lord Palmerston to prevent a 10 of military aircraft at its nearby factory its original premises in Woolston, passed through.The airfield, infamous of Portsmouth, Southampton and memorial SU 5008 2550 was buried at The Dean, Alresford. A a nuclear attack on the UK. In the A Scheduled Ancient Monument on Did you know? French land attack on the Portmouth at the site now home to Southampton Southampton. During this time, Vickers for its uphill landing, became unsuitable Fareham, the Royalists held Winchester burial stone erected in 1962 with these 1980s, water was considered a private land, and just visible from the dockyard only six miles away, this is worked on the development of many The Royal Armouries at Fort and Andover. On 27 March 1644 the This memorial Airport. After the end of the war the for larger and modern aircraft and In the early Iron Age an unfortified one of five defensive forts built on words, ‘Here lies Hambone Jr. faithful aircraft - the Spitfire, and also the early priority to maintain, especially the adjoining footpath, this is a single Nelson benefitted from a commemorates th airfield was returned to agricultural was transferred to the Royal Navy settlement, dated at 550-450 BC, pikemen, musketeers and cavalry of friend of the 47 Infantry Regt. Ninth jet fighters like the Attacker, Swift deep underground wells which would ditch Iron Age enclosure of 7.9 acres the summit of Portsdown Hill in the use. Some of the hangars remain. as HMS Kestrel in 1939. The station was established on this hilltop. The £3.5m Heritage Lottery Fund the two armies met at Cheriton, the the troops Division U.S. Army May 1944’. and Scimitar. The house is now the have been uncontaminated by fall- (3.2 hectares). Sub-circular in shape, 1860s. A garrison of 200 volunteers played host to a variety of Fleet Air Arm defences, formed by the building of a redevelopment in 2011 that Royalists led by Ralph Hopton, the stationed at executive briefing centre for IBM. out. Twyford was chosen as a location the enclosure was badly damaged by accompanied by regular army officers squadrons and aircraft types including ditch-and-bank earthwork enclosing launched a new ‘Voice of the Parliamentarians by Sir William Waller. Hazeley Down Droxford railway as it was considered far enough away ploughing with only the north and were to man the fort in times of the Swordfish, Skua and Fulmar during nine hectares, were constructed Guns’ gallery showcasing two By late afternoon Hopton’s army was Camp in World Southwick House 16 station from Southampton, which would west ramparts surviving. The original war. It was not fully armed until WWII. Bombed by the Luftwaffe in around 250-200 BC. The original in retreat – setting Alresford ablaze for War I. It was 13 SU 63218 08805 have been a major nuclear target. entrances lie at the south east and sections of the Iraqui Super Gun. the 1890s; disarmed in 1907 and August 1940, the station was heavily wide entrance was reconstructed with cover – and Royalist military influence inaugurated 18 Bushfield Camp Sixty workers were to have access south west corners of the site. used for military accommodation. defended with a ring of 32 pill boxes timber and included guard houses set south of the Thames had ceased. at a service Fort Southwick to food, clear air and water for up In 1938 it was converted to an area and trenches. Sir Ralph Richardson in bays in the ramparts on either side. A leaflet is available to download held in August became the to two weeks. The Twyford bunker anti-aircraft ammunition store. It and Sir Laurence Olivier both served at In the 2nd century BC, the entrance ANDOVER from www.visitwinchester.co.uk and 1916. operational was completed in 1990 when the Colour key was abandoned in the 1950s. Since © Peter Facey WHITCHURCH TO BASINGSTOKE headquarters Worthy Down with the Fleet Air Arm. was narrowed and strengthened with 1-20 in date order re-enactments happens annually. Berlin Wall had already fallen. As 1995 it has been home to the Royal In 1952 the Naval Air Electrical School chalk blocks. The site was abandoned A303 Interpretation panels exist on site. of General the engineering contract had already Armouries national artillery collection Morn Hill camps moved here when the base became on or shortly after 50BC. Iron and Eisenhower who been committed to, it remained fully