In Upington, Northern Cape Province

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ) IN UPINGTON, NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE

ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING REPORT

DEA Reference: 14/12/16/3/3/2/1006

DRAFT

Prepared for:

Northern Cape Economic Development Agency Building no 6, Monridge Office Park Corner Memorial and Kekewich Street Kimberley, 8301

Prepared by:

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services EAST LONDON 25 Tecoma Street East London, 5201 043 726 7809 Also in Grahamstown, Cape Town, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth and Maputo www.cesnet.co.za | www.eoh.co.za

March 2017

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 THE PROJECT TEAM

The following table provides the names and responsibilities of the project team.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services team and responsibilities Name Role/Responsibility Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) Dr Alan Carter Project Leader Report Review Project Manager Mr Roy de Kock Client Liaison Report Writing

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. Background to the Study ...... 1 1.2. Special Economic Zone ...... 1 1.3. Environmental Authorisation in South Africa ...... 1 1.4. Scoping Phase ...... 2 1.5. Nature and Structure of this Report ...... 3 1.6. Assumptions and Limitations ...... 3 1.7. Details and Expertise of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner ...... 3 1.7.1. Details of the EAP ...... 3 1.7.2. Expertise of the study team ...... 4 2. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND ACTIVITY LOCATION ...... 5 2.1. Property Description ...... 5 2.2. Site Photographs ...... 8 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 11 3.1. Listed activities triggered ...... 11 3.2. Description of the SEZ ...... 13 3.2.1. Phases of development ...... 15 3.2.2. Provision of bulk services...... 15 3.2.3. Photovoltaic Facility ...... 25 4. RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND POLICY ...... 30 4.1. Relevant Environmental Legislation used in the Compilation of this Scoping Report ..... 30 4.2. Relevant Policy used in the Compilation of this Scoping Report ...... 32 4.2.1. National ...... 32 5. PROJECT NEED & DESIRABILITY ...... 35 5.1. Strategic Infrastructure Projects (SIPs) ...... 35 5.2. Renewable Energy Development Zones (REDZ) ...... 35 6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ...... 36 6.1. Reasonable and Feasible Alternatives ...... 36 6.2. Fundamental Alternatives ...... 36 6.3. Incremental Alternatives ...... 38 6.4. No-Go development ...... 44 7. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 47 7.1. Notification of Interested and Affected Parties ...... 47 7.1.1. Public Participation ...... 47 7.2. Stakeholder and I&AP database ...... 47 7.3. Issues & Comments ...... 55 8. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 57 8.1. Current land use ...... 57 8.2. Climate ...... 58 8.3. Topography ...... 59 8.4. Geology ...... 59 8.5. Hydrology ...... 59 8.6. Vegetation and Floristics ...... 60 8.6.1. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) ...... 60 8.7. Site Sensitivity ...... 61 8.8. Socio-Economic Profile...... 62 8.8.1. Population ...... 62 8.8.2. Income and Poverty Levels ...... 63 8.8.3. Employment ...... 63 9. MANNER IN WHICH THE ENVIRONMENT MAY BE AFFECTED ...... 64 9.1. Assessment of impacts ...... 64 9.1.1. Issues Identification matrix ...... 64 9.2. Impacts mind map ...... 66 9.3. Possible Environmental Issues and Impacts ...... 66 9.4. Assessment of issues and impacts ...... 70

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 10. PLAN OF STUDY FOR EIA PHASE ...... 78 10.1. Specific challenges to the EIA Phase ...... 78 10.2. Scope and Intent of the EIA Phase ...... 78 10.2.1. Specialist Studies ...... 79 10.2.2. Ecological and Biodiversity Impact Assessment (EOH: Mr Roy de Kock) ...... 79 10.2.3. Groundwater Impact Assessment (Exigo 3) ...... 80 10.2.4. Heritage Impact Assessment (Exigo 3) ...... 80 10.2.5. Air Quality Impact Assessment (Airshed) ...... 81 10.2.6. Socio-economic and Tourism Impact Assessment (EOH: Ms Nande Suka and Ms Rosalie Evans) ...... 81 10.2.7. Surface Water and Wetland Impact Assessment (EOH: Ms Caitlin Smith) ...... 82 10.2.8. Traffic Assessment (Emonti) ...... 83 10.2.9. Noise Impact Assessment (EAR) ...... 84 10.2.10. Agricultural impact assessment (Mr Roy de Kock) ...... 84 10.2.11. Visual impact assessment (Dr Alan Carter) ...... 84 10.3. Environmental Impact Report (EIR) ...... 84 10.4. Issues and Response Trail ...... 85 10.5. Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) ...... 85 10.6. Environmental Authorisation and Appeals Process ...... 85 10.7. The Public Participation Process ...... 85 10.7.1. Public Review Of The Draft Scoping Report (DSR) ...... 85 10.7.2. Public Review of the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) ...... 85 10.7.3. Notification of Environmental Authorisation (EA) ...... 85 10.8. Environmental Impact Report (EIR) ...... 86 10.8.1. Structure of the EIA Report ...... 86 10.9. Methodology for assessing the significance of impacts (Including Specialist Studies) ... 86 11. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 87 11.1. Summary of the project description...... 87 11.2. Preliminary environmental sensitivity analysis ...... 87 11.3. Fatal flaws ...... 87 11.4. Recommendations ...... 87

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: The Full Scoping and EIA Process flow chart ...... 2 Figure 2.1: Locality of the proposed SEZ...... 6 Figure 2.2: Property ownership of the proposed SEZ...... 7 Figure 2.3: Site photographs...... 10 Figure 3.1: Layout plan of the proposed Upington SEZ ...... 14 Figure 3.2: The proposed phases of the development of the Upington SEZ ...... 15 Figure 3.3: Existing bulk water supply in Upington ...... 18 Figure 3.4: Existing water reticulation in Upington ...... 18 Figure 3.5: The proposed water reticulation layout for the Upington SEZ ...... 19 Figure 3.6: The existing Upington sewerage reticulation network ...... 21 Figure 3.7: The main sewerage infrastructure elements in Upington ...... 21 Figure 3.8: Alternative option 1 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ ...... 22 Figure 3.9: Alternative option 2 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ ...... 23 Figure 3.10: Alternative option 3 (preferred option) for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ ...... 24 Figure 3.11: The existing road infrastructure that borders the proposed Upington SEZ...... 25 Figure 3.12: The proposed internal road infrastructure of the Upington SEZ ...... 25 Figure 3.13: Examples of commercial scale solar PV array layouts...... 26 Figure 3.14: Schematic description of the makeup of a photovoltaic array...... 27 Figure 3.15: Schematic showing solar energy capture and electricity generation...... 27 Figure 3.16: Schematic showing the solar panel array proportions...... 28

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Figure 3.17: A solar array and group station showing the typical layout of the structures (Suntech Power Holdings Co., Ltd.)...... 29 Figure 3.18: A photovoltaic array in Masdar (United Arab Emirates) showing typical concrete “foot” structures...... 29 Figure 6.1: Structurally favourable soils map of the proposed SEZ...... 37 Figure 6.2: NPAES Focus Areas map of the proposed SEZ and surrounding areas...... 38 Figure 6.3: Alternative option 1 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ ...... 39 Figure 6.4: Alternative option 2 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ ...... 40 Figure 6.5: Alternative option 3 (preferred option) for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ ...... 41 Figure 6.6: The existing road infrastructure that borders the proposed Upington SEZ...... 42 Figure 6.7: The proposed internal road infrastructure of the Upington SEZ...... 42 Figure 6.8: Examples of commercial scale PV solar array layouts...... 43 Figure 6.9: Existing CSP facilities (Eskom, 2017)...... 44 Figure 8.1: Land Use Map indicating the current land use surrounding the proposed SEZ in Upington...... 58 Figure 8.2: (a) Graph of the average monthly rainfall; (b) Graph of the average monthly midday temperatures; and (c) Graph of the average monthly night-time temperature (SA Explorer; 2015)...... 58 Figure 8.3: General topography of the proposed SEZ...... 59 Figure 8.4: Map indicating the hydrology of the proposed SEZ ...... 60 Figure 8.5: SANBI Vegetation Map representing the vegetation within and surrounding the proposed SEZ . 61 Figure 8.6: Sensitivity map of the proposed SEZ and surrounding areas...... 62 Figure 9.6: Assessment of impacts during the Planning & Design phase of the proposed Upington SEZ development ...... 71 Figure 9.7: Assessment of impacts during the Construction phase of the proposed Upington SEZ development ...... 72 Figure 9.8: Assessment of impacts during the Operational phase of the proposed Upington SEZ development ...... 76

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.4: Location and description of photos above. 10 Table 3.1: The listed activities that are triggered by the proposed SEZ 11 Table 4.1: Environmental legislation considered in the preparation of the SEZ Scoping Report 30 Table 6.1: Proposed alternatives for the new Upington SEZ project. 45 Table 7.1: Compilation of organs of state, key stakeholders and registered I&APs 48 Table 8.1: Sensitive features of the SEZ and the surrounding area 61 Table 9.1: Ranking of Evaluation Criteria 65 Table 9.2: Mind map of the impacts identified within the Scoping phase of the proposed new SEZ development in Upington. 67 Table 9.3: Issues and impacts identified in the planning and design phase of the proposed development 68 Table 9.4: Issues and impacts identified in the construction phase of the proposed development 68 Table 9.5: Issues and impacts identified in the operational phase of the proposed development 69 Table 11.1: Sensitive features of the SEZ and the surrounding area 87

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 LIST OF ACRONYMS

The following acronyms have been used in this report:

BID Background Information Document CA Competent Authority Ca Calcium CBA Critical Biodiversity Area DAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries DENC Department of Environment and Nature Conservation DSR Draft Scoping Report DWS Department of Water and Sanitation EAP Environmental Assessment Practitioner EAPSA Environmental Assessment Practitioners of South Africa ECO Environmental Control Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment NCPHRA Northern Cape Provincial Heritage Resources Authority EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIR Environmental Impact Report EMPr Environmental Management Programme GN Government Notice HIA Heritage Impact Assessment I&AP Interested and Affected Party IDP Integrated Development Plan IEMP Integrated Environmental Management Plan MEC Member of the Executive Council N North NC Northern Cape NCEDA North Cape Economic Development Agency NEMA National Environmental Management Act NEM:WA National Environmental Management Waste Act NEM:AQA National Environmental Management Air Quality Act NFEPA National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area NDP National Development Plan PoS Plan of Study PPP Public Participation Process PV Photo Voltaic S South SACNASP South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions SAHRA South African Heritage Resources Agency SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute SANRAL South African National Roads Agency SOC Limited SEZ Special Economic Zone SDF Spatial Development Framework SIA Social Impact Assessment SCC Species of Conservation Concern SG Surveyor General WULA Water Use License Application WWTW Waste Water Treatment Works

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background to the Study

The Northern Cape Economic Development, Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (NCEDA) propose the establishment of a new Special Economic Zone (SEZ) located within the urban edge of Upington in the Northern Cape Province.

The proposed project entails the development of 440ha of land located in Upington, Northern Cape as a new SEZ as well as the provision of bulk and internal services (electricity, water, sewer and road/street infrastructure) within the SEZ. Electricity for the SEZ will be provided through the development of a new Photo Voltaic (PV) Facility with an output of up to 50MW, located on 72 hectares within the SEZ while water bulk services will be provided from the existing municipal services in Upington. A new onsite Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) is also being proposed.

The development will occur in six (6) phases with Phase 1 already approved. An Environmental Authorisation (EA) for Phase 1 has been issued by the Department of Environment and Nature Conservation (DENC) on in December 2010 (DENC Reference: MNO 25/19).

1.2. Special Economic Zone

SEZs are geographically designated areas of a country set aside for specifically targeted economic activities, supported through special arrangements (that may include laws) and systems that are often different from those that apply in the rest of the country.

The proposed Upington SEZ is driven by the anticipated positive outlook for the renewable solar energy power demand in South Africa within the context of the IRP 2016 plan of the South African Government. It is anticipated that the increased utilization of renewable energy as a source of electricity generation will drive the establishment of new industries. The objective of the SEZ in Upington is to become an industrial node that will attract not only solar related manufacturing, assembly and supporting services in support of South Africa’s renewable energy strategy but Mining beneficiation and Agro-processing as well.

1.3. Environmental Authorisation in South Africa

The regulation and protection of the environment within South Africa occurs mainly through the application of various items of legislation, within the regulatory framework of the Constitution (Act 108 of 1996).

The primary legislation regulation for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) within South Africa is the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA, Act 107 of 1998). NEMA makes provision for the Minister of Environmental Affairs to identify activities which may not commence prior to authorisation from either the Minister or the provincial Member of the Executive Council (MEC). In addition, NEMA provides for the formulation of regulations in respect of such authorisations.

The EIA Regulations (2017) allow for a Basic Assessment process for activities with limited environmental impact (listed in GN R. 327 and GN R.324, as amended in 2017) and a more rigorous two-tiered approach to activities with potentially greater environmental impact (listed in GN R. 325, 2014). This two-tiered approach includes both a Full Scoping and EIA Process (Figure 1.1).

The proposed Upington SEZ triggers a Full Scoping and EIA Process due to listed activities triggered from Listing Notice 1 (GN R. 327), 2 (GN R. 325) and 3 (GN R. 324). A list of activities triggered is shown in Table 3.1 below.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 1 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 It is important to note that the proposed new PV Solar Plant that will be located within the SEZ does not trigger any listed activities as it will be located within the urban edge of Upington. This is in accordance with Activity number 1 of GN R. 984 which states the following:

“The development of facilities or infrastructure for the generation of electricity from a renewable resource where the electricity output is 20 megawatts or more, excluding where such development of facilities or infrastructure is for photovoltaic installations and occur within an urban edge.”

Landowner, Stakeholder & I&AP Notification

Submit Application Form

Prepare Draft Scoping Report WE ARE HERE

Public Review Period (30 days)

Finalise & Submit Scoping Report

DEA Review, Comment & Decision

Specialist Studies, Prepare Draft EIR & EMPr

Public Review Period (30 days)

Finalise & Submit EIR & EMPr

DEA Review, Comment & Decision

Notify I&APs & Explain Appeals Process

Figure 1.1: The Full Scoping and EIA Process flow chart

1.4. Scoping Phase

The Scoping Phase is designed to determine the “scope” of the subsequent Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), conducted in fulfilment of the application for authorisation. The overall aim of the Scoping Phase is to determine the environmental issues and impacts associated with the proposed bypass road development that require further investigation in an EIA. The purpose of scoping is therefore to identify:

 Issues;  Impacts; and  Alternatives.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 2 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 An integral part of the Scoping Phase is the initial public participation process (PPP). This process ensures that all possible interested and affected parties (I&APs) are informed of the proposed activity and are provided with an opportunity to comment and identify issues.

1.5. Nature and Structure of this Report

This report fulfils the requirement of the EIA Regulations (2014) for the documentation of the Scoping Phase. The structure of this report is based on APPENDIX 2 of GN No. 982, of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (2014), which clearly specifies the required content of a Scoping Report.

1.6. Assumptions and Limitations

This report is based on information that is currently available and, as a result, the following limitations and assumptions are implicit–

 The report is based on a project description taken from design specifications for the proposed Upington SEZ construction that have not yet been finalised, and which are likely to undergo a number of iterations and refinements before they can be regarded as definitive. A project description based on the final design will be provided in the EIA Phase.  Descriptions of the natural and social environments are based on limited fieldwork and available literature. More information will be provided in the EIA phase based on the outcomes of the specialist studies.

1.7. Details and Expertise of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner

(a) Details of– (i) The EAP who prepared the report; and (ii) The expertise of the EAP to carry out scoping procedures

In fulfilment of the above-mentioned legislative requirements, the details of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) that prepared this Final Scoping Report as well as the expertise of the individual members of the study team are provided below.

1.7.1. Details of the EAP

Dr Alan Carter

Alan is the executive of the EOH East London Office. He holds a PhD in Marine Biology and is a Certified Public Accountant, with extensive training and experience in both financial accounting and environmental science disciplines with international accounting firms in South Africa and the USA. He has 25 years’ experience in environmental management and has specialist skills in sanitation, coastal environments and industrial waste. Dr Carter is registered as a Professional Natural Scientist under the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP). He is also registered as an EAP with the Environmental Assessment Practitioners of South Africa (EAPSA) interim EAP certification body.

Please find the proof of SACNASP and EAPSA registration in Appendix A

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 3 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 1.7.2. Expertise of the study team

EOH Coastal and Environmental Services (EOH) was established in 1990 as a specialist environmental consulting company and has considerable experience in terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecology, the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) process, State of Environment Reporting (SOER), Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMP), Environmental Management Programme (EMPr), Spatial Development Frameworks (SDF), public participation, as well as the management and co-ordination of all aspects of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) processes. EOH has been active in all of the above fields, and in so doing have made a positive contribution towards environmental management and sustainable development in the Eastern Cape, South Africa and many other African countries. We believe that a balance between development and environmental protection can be achieved by skilful, considerate and careful planning.

Mr Roy de Kock

Roy is a Senior Consultant holding a BSc Honours in Geology and an MSc in Botany from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in Port Elizabeth. His MSc thesis focused on Rehabilitation Ecology using an open-cast mine as a case study. He has been working for EOH since 2010, and is based at the East London branch where he focuses on Ecological and Agricultural Assessments, Geological and Geotechnical analysis, Environmental Management Plans, mining applications and various environmental impact studies. Roy has worked on numerous projects in South Africa, Mozambique and Malawi. He is registered as a Natural Scientist under the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP; No: 400216/16).

Roy will assume the role of project manager, as well as biodiversity specialist on the project team.

Please find the proof of SACNASP registration in Appendix A

Other team members include:

EOH Team Nande Suka Socio-Economic Caitlin Smith Surface Water and Wetlands Cherie-Lynn Mack Surface Water and Wetlands (Reviewer) Rosie Evans Tourism External Specialists Airshed Air Quality Impact Assessment Exigo Sustainability Groundwater Impact Assessment Exigo Sustainability Heritage Impact Assessment Golder Associates Africa Geotechnical Impact Assessment Emonti Traffic Impact Assessment Enviro Acoustic Research Noise Impact Assessment

Please find Specialist Terms of Reference in the Plan of Study for the EIA, Section 10

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 4 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 2. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND ACTIVITY LOCATION

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2; Content of a Scoping Report (1) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must include b) The location of the activity, including – (i) The 21 digit Surveyor General code of each cadastral land parcel; (ii) Where available, the physical address and farm name; (iii) Where the required information in terms of (i) and (ii) is not available, the coordinates of the boundary or properties; c) A plan which locates the proposed activity or activities applied for at an appropriate scale;

2.1. Property Description

The proposed SEZ is located within the urban edge of Upington, in the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality (DKLM) (previously //Khara Hais and Mier LMs). The DKLM falls within in ZF Mgcawu District Municipality (previously Siyanda DM), in the north of the Northern Cape Province.

The site is bounded by the N10 in the east and the north and by the R360 to the west. The Upington Airport is located directly east of the site (Figure 2.1). The land upon which the SEZ will be located is currently owned by the David Kruiper Local Municipality and the National Government of South Africa (Figure 2.2). A portion of the land is also still unsurveyed. The property ownership details are as follows:

Erf 6009 SG Code: C02800070000600900000

Landowner: Republic Of South Africa Contact person: Mziwonke Dlabantu Postal address: Private Bag x 65, Pretoria Postal code: 0001 Cell: Telephone: (012) 406 1000 Fax:

E-mail: [email protected]

Erf 5645 SG Code: C02800070000564500000

Landowner: Republic Of South Africa Contact person: As above Postal address: Postal code: Cell: Telephone: Fax: E-mail:

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 5 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Allotment Area: Upington Town Code: C0280007

Landowner: Khara Hais Local Municipality Contact person: Mr D Ngxanga (Municipal Manager) Postal address: Po Box X6003, Mark Street, Upington Postal code: 8800 Cell: Telephone: 054 338 7002 / 054 338 7001 Fax: E-mail: [email protected]

Figure 2.1: Locality of the proposed SEZ.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 6 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Figure 2.2: Property ownership of the proposed SEZ.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 7 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 2.2. Site Photographs

Figure 2.3 below consists of photographs showing various areas within the study site. Descriptions of each photograph follows in Table 2.4 below.

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 8 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 9 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Figure 2.3: Site photographs.

Table 2.4: Location and description of photos above.

Photograph in Coordinates Description Table 2.4B This area is highly disturbed with soil removal as well as A 28°25'2.78"S; 21°12'31.21"E dumping (rubble, garden refuse, building rubble, subsoil) observed. Drainage system running through the site (N-S orientation) B 28°25'21.92"S; 21°13'27.50"E is highly degraded with alien trees as well as dumping observed. C 28°25'16.51"S; 21°14'10.23"E Scrubs with no large trees. Dumping observed D 28°25'41.30"S; 21°14'49.45"E Natural vegetation with Ca- rich deposits E 28°25'58.17"S; 21°14'42.92"E Various existing gravel roads runs throughout the site

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 10 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2; Content of a Scoping Report (1) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping

Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing

all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the

consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must

include

d) A description of the scope of the proposed activity, including –

(i) All listed and specified activities triggered;

(ii) A description of the activities to be undertaken, including associated structures and

infrastructure;

3.1. Listed activities triggered

The Upington SEZ construction activities trigger the need for a Full Scoping and EIA process under the NEMA EIA Regulations of 2014 in Listing Notice 1, Listing Notice 2 and Listing Notice 3 and published in Government Notices No. R. 983, R. 984 and R. 985, respectively. The listed activities that have been applied for are provided in table 3.1 below.

Table 3.1: The listed activities that are triggered by the proposed SEZ LISTED ACTIVITIES WHICH TRIGGER A FULL SCOPING AND EIA PROCESS Listed Activity Description of project activity Description Number that triggers listed activity The development of facilities or infrastructure for the off- The proposed Upington SEZ stream storage of water, including dams and reservoirs, development may require the off- with a combined capacity of 50 000 cubic meters or more, stream storage of water, GN R 327 (13) unless such storage falls within the ambit of activity 16 in including dams and reservoirs, Listing Notice 2 of 2014. with a combined capacity of 50000 cubic meters or more. The development and related operations of facilities or The proposed Upington SEZ will infrastructure, for the storage, or for the storage and host industries which may require GN R 327(14) handling, of a dangerous good, where such storage occurs the storage, or the storage and in containers with a combined capacity of 80 cubic meters handling of dangerous goods. or more but not exceeding 500 cubic meters. The infilling or depositing of any material of more than 10 The proposed Upington SEZ cubic meters into, or the dredging, excavation, removal or development may require the moving of soil, sand, shells, shell grit, pebbles or rock of construction of culverts and other GN R 327 (19) more than 10 cubic meters from a watercourse. infrastructure within an existing drainage system which runs through the proposed site. The development and related operation of facilities or The proposed Upington SEZ infrastructure for the treatment of effluent, wastewater or development includes the sewage with a daily throughput capacity of more than 2000 construction of effluent, cubic meters but less than 15000 cubic meters. wastewater and sewage GN R 327 (25) treatment infrastructure. It is anticipated that the Upington SEZ will generate approximately 5000-10000 cubic meters of sewage daily. Residential, mixed, retail, commercial, industrial or The proposed Upington SEZ institutional developments where such land was used for development occurs within the agriculture, game farming, equestrian purposes or urban edge, on land previously GN R 327 (28) afforestation on or after 01 April 1998 and where such zoned for agriculture. development: (i) will occur inside an urban area, where the total land to be developed is bigger than 5 hectares.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 11 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

LISTED ACTIVITIES WHICH TRIGGER A FULL SCOPING AND EIA PROCESS Listed Activity Description of project activity Description Number that triggers listed activity The development of facilities or infrastructure for any The proposed Upington SEZ process or activity which requires a permit or license or an development includes the amededpermit or license in terms of national or provincial construction of effluent, legislation governing the generation or release of emissions, wastewater and sewage GN R 325 (6) pollution or effluent, excluding- treatment infrastructure which (iii) the development of facilities or infrastructure for the may have a daily throughput treatment of effluent, polluted water, wastewater or capacity of 2000 cubic meters or sewage where such facilities have a daily throughput more. capacity of 2000 cubic meters or less. The clearance of an area of 20 hectares or more of The proposed Upington SEZ indigenous vegetation. development will occur on an GN R 325 (15) area of approximately 440ha of previously undeveloped land. The development and related operation of facilities or The proposed Upington SEZ infrastructure for the treatment of effluent, wastewater or development includes the sewage with a daily throughput capacity of 15000 cubic construction of effluent, meters or more. wastewater and sewage GN R 325(25) treatment infrastructure which may have a daily throughput capacity of 15000 cubic meters or more. The development of- The proposed Upington SEZ (ii) infrastructure or structures with a physical development may require the footprint of 10 square meters or more; construction of a bridge exceeding 10 square meters in (g) In the Northern Cape: size across the river which runs (iii) In urban areas: through the site. The GN R 324 (14) (aa) Areas zoned for use as public open space. development will also include the construction of numerous buildings and structures exceeding 10 square meters, which may occur within 32 meters of the watercourse.

Applications for activities listed within GN R. 327 require a Basic Assessment, while applications for activities listed within GN R. 325 require a Full Scoping and EIA process. The proposed SEZ construction triggers at least one listed activity from GN R. 325; it will therefore require a full Scoping and EIA. This process (indicated in Figure 1.1) is regulated by Chapter 4, Part 3, of the EIA Regulations (2014).

The facility proponent is initially required to submit a report detailing the scoping phase (Scoping Report), and set out the terms of reference for the EIA process (Plan of Study for EIA). This is then followed by a report detailing the EIA phase (EIR). The competent authority will issue a final decision subsequent to their review of the final EIR.

The competent authority, that must consider and decide on the application for authorisation in respect of the activities listed in Table 1.1, is the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA).

It is important to note that in addition to the requirements for an authorisation in terms of the NEMA, there may be additional legislative requirements which need to be considered prior to commencing with the activity, these include but are not limited to:

• National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004); • National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (NEMPA) (Act No. 57 of 2003);

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 12 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 • National Forestry Act (Act No. 84 of 1998); • The National Heritage Resources Act (Act No. 25 of 1999); and • The National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998).

3.2. Description of the SEZ

The proposed project entails the development of 440ha of land located within the urban edge of Upington, Northern Cape as a new SEZ as well as the provision of bulk and internal services (electricity, water, sewer and road/street infrastructure) within the SEZ (Figure 3.1). Electricity for the SEZ will be provided through the development of a new PV Facility with an output of up to 50MW, located on 72 hectares within the SEZ while water will be provided from the existing municipal services in Upington. A new onsite Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) is also being proposed.

The proposed SEZ will consist of the following land use areas in square meters:

Land use Surface area (m2) % area Heavy industry 311,256 Medium Industry 776,539 54% Light Industry 842,728 PV facility 512,257 Hub – offices, business and retail 349,556 8% Educational – University 145,929 3% Hotel 33,278 1% Services 72,510 2% Sports fields 167,985 4% Open spaces 541,378 12% Roads 802,708 18%

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 13 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

PV Solar Plant

PV - TRAINING

Figure 3.1: Layout plan of the proposed Upington SEZ

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 14 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 3.2.1. Phases of development

The development will occur in six (6) phases with Phase 1 already approved (Figure 3.2):

Phase 1:

The first phase of the SEZ development is the area is ready for development. The area shown in Figure 3.2 as Phase 1 has already received town planning approval (town planning, geotechnical investigation and land surveying) to a point where civil and electrical services can be installed.

This area is adjacent to an existing industrial area and civil and electrical services are close by. The provision of these bulk services for Phase 1 was discussed with //Khara Hais Municipality and has been approved in principle. Written confirmation from //Khara Hais Municipality must still been obtained to verify this.

An EA has already been issued by DENC in 2010 and construction has commenced.

Phase 2-6:

The land designated for Phases 2 - 6 of the SEZ development still has to go through a rezoning process. The EIA, which will take 12-18 months to complete, has to include bulk services infrastructure. After completion of the town planning, EIA, geotechnical investigation and land surveying process, construction of civil and electrical bulk and internal services can start. This will take a further nine to twelve months to complete.

Figure 3.2: The proposed phases of the development of the Upington SEZ

3.2.2. Provision of bulk services

Currently, there are no bulk services in place within the proposed Upington SEZ. The following bulk services will be constructed:

 Electrical infrastructure  Bulk Water Infrastructure  Sewerage Infrastructure

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017  Road networks  PV Solar Plant

Electrical Infrastructure

The proposed Upington SEZ is an energy intensive development and will add a considerable load to the existing installed capacity of the David Kruiper Municipal network (approximately 41.6%).

It is proposed that the development of a new PV Solar facility with a maximum output of up to 50MW located within the SEZ will supplement the electrical requirements of the new SEZ. More details into the new Solar PV Plant is provided in Section 3.2.3 below.

The planned electrical network for the proposed Upington SEZ will be a completely new addition to the 132kV distribution network of the Municipality and entails a new 132/11kV step-down facility, Foxtrot Substation, to be constructed inside the Upington SEZ development and connected to the existing 132kV ring feeder between the Alpha and Charlie Substations. Additional electricity will be supplemented by a new Solar PV plant with a maximum planned output of up to 50MW that will be located with the proposed Upington SEZ.

A Load Centre, referred to as SEZ S/S, is also proposed to provide ring feeder capabilities and switching options to the planned Solar SEZ electrical distribution network.

The proposed Upington SEZ development is bordered by the area of supply of Delta Substation on the western side and Charlie Substation on the south-eastern side. Two overhead ACSR Hare conductor lines, connected to the load centre DS1, run parallel to the western boundary of the development in Swartmodder Road. One of these lines forms a ring feeder to the Airports Company of South Africa (ACSA) Site but will have to be removed if the proposed Upington SEZ development goes ahead as planned as this line crosses the proposed development in a north-eastern direction. The second line forms part of a ring feeder to the Upington Industrial area. On the eastern side of the planned development a ring feeder, consisting of cable and overhead conductor sections and connected to the load centre CS1, also runs parallel to the development and forms part of a ring feeder to 8SAI, Correctional Services, ACSA and other consumers.

The total expected after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) was calculated for the proposed Upington SEZ by allocating to each facility description a typical demand (Watt/m2) to calculate the total load and by applying a diversity factor then obtain the total maximum demand after diversity. The total expected ADMA was calculated to be 22.879 MVA.

David Kruiper Municipality has limited spare capacity on their network and is further curtailed by the fact that Eskom cannot increase the municipal notified maximum demand of 44 MVA due to the current energy situation in the country. In order to provide a medium voltage supply to the proposed development, the following approaches will be considered:

 Utilising the spare capacity available at Charlie Substation for Phase 1 of the development, and  Creation of Foxtrot Substation, a new 132/11kV, 25MVA, step-down facility and SEZ Load Centre, both to be constructed on areas earmarked for services as indicated in Figure 3.1.

No further information has been provided as yet with regards to method statements for the construction of the electrical infrastructure associated with the proposed Upington SEZ.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Bulk Water Infrastructure

Figure 3.3 below shows the location of the existing Upington bulk water supply infrastructure in relation to the proposed Upington SEZ. Water is withdrawn from the Orange River and purified in centre of town. From there it is pumped through the water distribution network (Figure 3.4) to three storage reservoirs, acting as tail-end dams. Water stored in these reservoirs is distributed to end-users through the water reticulation network shown below.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Figure 3.3: Existing bulk water supply in Upington

Figure 3.4: Existing water reticulation in Upington

The existing Upington bulk water supply system is operational to such an extent that water is supplied almost 100% of the time. This is despite the fact that some of the infrastructure is old. Interruptions in water supply are infrequent.

The capacity of the Upington water treatment works (WTW) is 85Ml /day and the peak summer daily demand is 82% (70 Ml/day). The water treatment plant was upgraded recently with an addition of a facility to remove algae from the raw water.

Water is pumped in 400mm and 600mm main lines, used to distribute water to the Central and Pabalello reservoirs respectively. The water reticulation network is in a serviceable condition. Minor problems are experiences with asbestos cement pipe bursts mostly during winter when the water pressure is higher.

The capacity of the current bulk water supply system is adequate for the already approved Phase 1. However, additional bulk water supply infrastructure is needed for Phases 2 – 6.

It is difficult to determine the expected water use as the detailed information on the type of development is not yet known in detail. The following were used as guidelines:

 Actual water usage figures of industries in Upington adjacent to the SEZ development area. However, these figures may differ from the actual proposed SEZ demand  Ninham Shand Report on the operation and future needs with regards to the Upington Water Supply system compiled 1996

No bulk water supply infrastructure will be required for Phase 1. The current bulk water supply system is sufficient and the water reticulation network supplies water to the edge of this area. Only an internal water reticulation network, serving all the stands in the Phase 1 area, will be constructed.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 In order to supply water to the rest of the phases, a booster pump station, 250mm rising main, storage reservoir, lifting pump station and high level storage needs to be constructed as part of Phase 2 (Figure 3.5). Details are as follows:

 A booster pump station at the intersection of Dakota and Diedericks streets.  A 3500m long 250mm diameter pipeline from the booster pump station running along Diedericks street (N10) to the highest point next to the N10 as indicated on the drawing below.  A 2000 kl storage reservoir at the end of the rising main.  A lifting pump station next to the storage reservoir.  Pressure tower on the same level as the Central and Pabalello reservoir.

Figure 3.5: The proposed water reticulation layout for the Upington SEZ

No further information has been provided as yet with regards to method statements for the construction of the bulk water reticulation infrastructure associated with the proposed Upington SEZ.

Sewage infrastructure

Some of the main components of the Upington sewer system are running at full, or close to, full capacity. The capacity of the Subway Pump Station in terms of storage size and pump capacity are under pressure. The last part of the main line from this pump station to the treatment works occasionally overflows due to a lack of capacity and causes spillages of raw sewage.

The waste water treatment works (WWTW) has a capacity of 16Ml per day and is operated at full capacity to cope with the demand and needs upgrading. A gravity fed main line from Pabalello to the WWTW was constructed years ago in order to help relieve the pressure on other parts of the sewer network. The overall condition of the sewer network can be described as good.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Figure 3.6 shows the existing Upington sewerage reticulation network and Figure 3.7 indicates the main sewer infrastructure elements in Upington in relation to the proposed Upington SEZ development area. All sewage from the north-eastern half of Upington is handled by the Subway Pump Station. This pump station pumps the sewage in the direction of the CBD to the watershed from where it gravitates to the waste water treatment works.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Figure 3.6: The existing Upington sewerage reticulation network

Figure 3.7: The main sewerage infrastructure elements in Upington

The expected sewage flow figures are expected to be between 5-10ML for the Upington SEZ. The exact type of industries are not yet known which makes it difficult to ensure that the calculations area accurate.

The Phase 1 sewage contribution is small in relation to the load that the current sewerage system handles. Therefore, no new bulk infrastructure, or changes to the existing infrastructure is needed. Internal sewerage lines will be connected to existing lines adjacent to the area known as Phase 1.

Further development (Phases 2 – 6) in the proposed Upington SEZ all require the development of bulk infrastructure which must be constructed as part of Phase 2. Three alternate options have been proposed to manage the wastewater produced from these phases of the project (Figure 3.8).

Option 1

 The construction of a new sewer pump station to the south of the SEZ target area (See Figure 3.8).  All sewage produced by the proposed Upington SEZ area will flow through a gravity fed system (red lines in Figure 3.8) to the sewer pump station.  Sewage will then be pumped offsite to a municipal WWTW (green line in Figure 3.8).

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Gravity fed

Pumped offsite

Figure 3.8: Alternative option 1 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ

Option 2

 All sewage will be conveyed and treated by new infrastructure constructed as part of the SEZ development.  This includes the construction of:  A sewerage pump station to the south of the SEZ target area where all the sewage drains through the gravity network to a pump line (green line in Figure 3.9)  This pump line will be constructed from this pump station to convey the waste water through the industrial area to a new sewer treatment works adjacent to the pump station.  Treated water will be pumper to a reservoir located at the highest point onsite (in the northern section)(green line in Figure 3.9)  In this case treated water can be used as raw water in the SEZ area for toilets and gardens.

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Gravity fed Gravity fed

Figure 3.9: Alternative option 2 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ

Option 3 (Preferred alternative)

This is considered as the preferred alternative.

 All sewage will be conveyed and treated by new infrastructure constructed as part of the SEZ development.  This includes the construction of:  A sewerage pump station to the south of the SEZ target area where all the sewage drains through the gravity network to a pump line (red lines in Figure 3.10)  This pump line will be constructed from this pump station to convey the waste water through the industrial area to a new sewer treatment works located in the northern section of the site (green lines in Figure 3.10)  Treated water will be pumped to a reservoir located in close vicinity to the treatment works.  In this case treated water can be used as raw water in the SEZ area for toilets and gardens.

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Gravity fed

Figure 3.10: Alternative option 3 (preferred option) for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ

No further information has been provided as yet with regards to technologies used for the onsite WWTW proposed in Options 2 and 3.

Road network

The following existing roads are located along the boundaries of the proposed Upington SEZ (Figure 3.11):

 The N10 in a northerly direction of Upington Airport, which is located approximately 2 km from the SEZ area.  The N10 from the Airport Road, heading in a westerly direction to Namibia.  The road going to the Kgalagadi Trans Frontier Park crossing the N10 on the western corner of the proposed Upington SEZ area.

Roads that border the proposed Upington SEZ area are in sufficient condition to withstand the traffic generated by the proposed Upington SEZ. The preliminary road and street layout for the proposed Upington SEZ, as seen in Figure 3.12, was developed by professional town planners and reviewed by the David Kruiper (//Khara Hais) Town Planning Division.

The only potential road related infrastructure upgrades on the current road infrastructure outside the Upington SEZ are deceleration and acceleration lanes at the turnoff points to the Upington SEZ area.

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Figure 3.11: The existing road infrastructure that borders the proposed Upington SEZ

Figure 3.12: The proposed internal road infrastructure of the Upington SEZ

No further information has been provided as yet with regards to method statement for the construction of the internal road network associated with the proposed Upington SEZ.

3.2.3. Photovoltaic Facility

The proposed Solar PV Facility associated with the Upington SEZ will to use PV panels which will harness solar energy. The proposed solar PV facility is anticipated to produce up to 50 MW of electricity. The

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 installation is estimated to cover a footprint of approximately 75 hectares.

Figure 3.13: Examples of commercial scale solar PV array layouts

PV Arrays

An array consists of multiple PV panels, which are made up of individual modules, which in turn comprises PV cells (see Figures 3.14 below).

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Figure 3.14: Schematic description of the makeup of a photovoltaic array.

Each array will be raised to a maximum of about 2.0 – 2.5 metres above the ground and fixed to frames to slope at an angle to the horizontal. Each of the arrays will be placed in a series with a gap of about 5m between each row. An example of the photovoltaic components is shown in Figure 3.15 below.

Figure 3.15: Schematic showing solar energy capture and electricity generation.

Photovoltaic modules

An individual PV module is made up of layers of polycrystalline silicone, which act as a semi-conductor. When light shines on the cell it creates an electric field across the layers, causing electricity to flow. Higher

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 light intensity will increase the flow of electricity. This charge is discharged via the module’s transparent conductive front layer and metallic rear layer. The direct current generated within the module is fed into the electrical grid via an inverter (Figure 3.17).

The proposed thin-film PV modules are 1.9m² (0.99m x 1.96m) in size, and comprise four panels. Each module is mounted on a metal supporting structure, no more than 1m off the ground, and has a potential output of up to 380W. There are a number of options regarding the structures and their anchoring to the ground. Typically this is done by means of a small concrete “foot” at the base of the pole supporting the structure (Figure 3.16).

Figure 3.16: Schematic showing the solar panel array proportions.

Modules will be organized into 10 arrays of 1.0 MW (approximately 1.5 ha), with each group connected to a “group station” (a cabin of approximately 2.5 x 4 m containing transformers and inverters).

Each “group station” is then connected with a “main station” of approximately the same size, which is connected to the closest substation via an 11 kV power line. It is expected that the PV installation would have a total of about 5 “group stations” and a single “main station”.

It is also proposed that the PV facility be fenced for security reasons. A small control cabin will be built at the entrance to the solar facility.

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Figure 3.17: A solar array and group station showing the typical layout of the structures (Suntech Power Holdings Co., Ltd.).

PV array supporting structures

The PV panels will be secured to metal framework, the design of which is yet to be finalized. However, the supporting frames will be secured to concrete footings in the ground as shown in Figures 3.18 below.

Figure 3.18: A photovoltaic array in Masdar (United Arab Emirates) showing typical concrete “foot” structures.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 4. RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND POLICY

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2; Content of a Scoping Report (1) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must include e) A description of the policy and legislative context within which the development is proposed including an identification of all legislation, policies, plans, guidelines, spatial tools, municipal development planning frameworks and instruments that are applicable to this activity and are to be considered in the assessment process;

4.1. Relevant Environmental Legislation used in the Compilation of this Scoping Report

Table 4.1 summarises the legislation that is relevant to the proposed SEZ construction.

Table 4.1: Environmental legislation considered in the preparation of the SEZ Scoping Report

Title of Environmental Implications for the Proposed SEZ Legislation Constitution Act This is the supreme law of the land. As a result, all laws, including those pertaining to (Act No. 108 of the proposed development, must conform to the Constitution. The Bill of Rights - 1996) Chapter 2 of the Constitution, includes an environmental right (Section 24) according to which, everyone has the right: a) To an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being. b) To have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that: (i) Prevent pollution and ecological degradation. (ii) Promote conservation. (iii) Secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development. National The developer must be mindful of the principles, broad liability and implications Environmental associated with NEMA and must eliminate or mitigate any potential impacts. Management Act The developer must also be mindful of the principles, broad liability and implications (NEMA) (Act No. of causing damage to the environment. 107 of 1998) The developer must also comply with the EIA Regulations (2014) in the terms of the Act which specifies when an environmental authorisation is required and the nature of the EIA process. National The National Environment Management: Biodiversity Act (No. 10 of 2004) (NEMBA) Environmental provides for the management and conservation of South Africa’s biodiversity and the Management: protection of species and ecosystems that warrant national protection. The objectives Biodiversity Act of this Act are to: (Act No. 10 of a) Provide, within the framework of the National Environmental Management 2004) Act; b) Manage and conserve of biological diversity within the Republic; and c) Promote the use of indigenous biological resources in a sustainable manner. National The National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (No. 57 of 2003) Environmental (NEMPAA) mainly provides for the following: Management: a) Declaration of nature reserves and determination of the type of reserve Protected Areas declared; Act (NEMPA) b) Cooperative governance in the declaration and management of nature (Act No. 57 of reserves; EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 30 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

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Title of Environmental Implications for the Proposed SEZ Legislation 2003) c) A system of protected areas in order to manage and conserve biodiversity and Utilization and participation of local communities in the management of protected areas. National Heritage The protection of archaeological and paleontological resources is the responsibility of Resources Act a provincial heritage resources authority and all archaeological objects, (Act No. 25 of paleontological material and meteorites are the property of the State. “Any person 1999) who discovers archaeological or paleontological objects or material or a meteorite in the course of development must immediately report the find to the responsible heritage resources authority, or to the nearest local authority offices or museum, which must immediately notify such heritage resources authority”. National Water Act The National Water Act (No. 36 of 1998) (NWA) provides for fundamental reform of (Act No. 36 of the law relating to water resources in South Africa. 1998) The purpose of the Act amongst other things is to:  Ensure that the national water resources are protected, used, developed, conserved, managed and controlled in ways which take into account amongst other factors: o Promoting equitable access to water; o Promoting the efficient, sustainable and beneficial use of water in the public interest; o Facilitating social and economic development; o Protecting aquatic and associated ecosystems and their biological diversity; and o Reducing and preventing pollution and degradation of water resources.

The NWA is concerned with the overall management, equitable allocation and conservation of water resources in South Africa. To this end, it requires registration of water users and licenses to be obtained for water use except for certain limited instances set out in the Act. These instances include domestic use, certain recreational use, where the use occurs in terms of an existing lawful use or where the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) has issued a general authorisation that obviates the need for a permit.

Water use for which a permit is required: For the purposes of this Act, water uses for which a permit is required (amongst other), are defined in Section 21 as follows:  Taking water from a water resource.  Storing water.  Impeding or diverting the flow of water in a watercourse.  Discharging waste or water containing waste into a water resource through a pipe, canal, sewer, sea outfall or other conduit.  Disposing of waste in a manner which may detrimentally impact on a water resource.  Altering the bed, banks, course or characteristics of a watercourse. National The purpose of this Act relates to the proper disposal of waste. The Act also provides Environmental for the waste related activities where a Waste Licence is required. This includes the Management: recycling and refining of waste. Waste Act (59 of 2008) National This Act requires that listed activities be operated within the conditions of an Air

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Title of Environmental Implications for the Proposed SEZ Legislation Environmental Emissions License, which has implications related to emissions monitoring and Management: Air minimisation. Quality Act (39 of 2004)

4.2. Relevant Policy used in the Compilation of this Scoping Report

4.2.1. National

National Development Plan

The National Development Plan (NDP) (also referred to as Vision 2030) is a detailed plan produced by the National Planning Commission in 2011 that is aimed at reducing and eliminating poverty in South Africa by 2030. The NDP represents a new approach by Government to promote sustainable and inclusive development in South Africa, promoting a decent standard of living for all, and includes key focus areas.

Those that are relevant to the current proposed Upington SEZ development includes:

Electricity

Move to less carbon-intensive electricity production through procuring at least 20 000MW of renewable energy, increased hydro-imports from the region and increased demand-side measures, including solar water heating.

The White Paper on Renewable Energy Policy (Renewable Energy White Paper, 2003)

The White Paper on the Renewable Energy Policy (Renewable Energy White Paper) complements the White Paper on Energy Policy discussed in section 3.2.8 above, by pledging “Government Support for the development, demonstration and implementation of renewable energy sources for both small and large scale applications”. It sets out the policy principles, goals and objectives to achieve, “An energy economy in which modern renewable energy increases its share of energy consumed and provides affordable access to energy throughout South Africa, thus contributing to sustainable development and environmental conservation”. The Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) (now the Department of Energy) embarked on an Integrated Energy Plan (IEP) to develop the renewable energy resources, while taking safety, health and the environment into consideration. The government set a target of, “10 000 GWh (0.8Mtoe) renewable energy contribution to final energy consumption by 2013, to be produced mainly from biomass, wind, solar and small-scale hydro”. Four strategic areas that needed to be addressed to create the appropriate enabling environment for the promotion of renewable energy were identified. These included:-

• Financial instruments; • Legal instruments; • Technology development, and; • Awareness raising, capacity building and education.

Integrated Resources Plan 2016

The IRP 2010-30 identified the preferred generation technology required to meet expected demand growth up to 2030. The policy adjusted IRP incorporated a number of government objectives, including affordable electricity, carbon mitigation, reduced water consumption, localisation and regional development, producing a balanced strategy toward diversified electricity generation sources and gradual decarbonisation of the electricity sector in South Africa

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 There has been some progress over the past three years, since the promulgation of the IRP 2010-30, in executing the programmes identified in the plan. A number of Ministerial Determinations have been issued and these include renewable energy, nuclear, coal and gas.

While the IRP 2010-30 remains the official government plan for new generation capacity until it is replaced by an updated plan, there are a number of assumptions that have changed and they include:  The changed electricity landscape over the past three years, in particular in electricity demand and the underlying relationship with economic growth;  New developments in technology and fuel options (locally and globally);  Scenarios for carbon mitigation strategies and the impact on electricity supply up to 2050; and  The affordability of electricity and its impact on demand and supply

Relevance to the proposed Upington SEZ:

 The proposed SEZ and associated Solar PV Plant project is in line with the IRP 20160 and can contribute up to 50 MW of solar energy to the total requirement.  The SEZ will supply solar andonter renewable energy in the area.

National Climate Change Response White Paper (2012)

South Africa, taking into account equity and the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of all nations as well as the inter-generational commitment of the Environmental Right contained in Section 24 the country's Constitution, has the climate change response objective of:

 Making a fair contribution to the global effort to achieve the stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system; and  Effectively adapt to and manage unavoidable and potential damaging climate change impacts through interventions that build and sustain

Strategies South Africa will implement the following selected strategies (amongst others) in order to achieve its climate change response objective:

 The prioritisation of mitigation interventions that significantly contribute to a peak, plateau and decline emission trajectory where greenhouse gas emissions peak in 2020 to 2025 at 34% and 42% respectively below a business as usual baseline, plateau to 2035 and begin declining in absolute terms from 2036 onwards, in particular, interventions within the energy, transport and industrial sectors.  The prioritisation of mitigation interventions that have potential positive job creation, poverty alleviation and/or general economic impacts. In particular, interventions that stimulate new industrial activities and those that improve the efficiency and competitive advantage of existing business and industry.  Acknowledging that, with the energy intensive nature of the South African economy, the mitigation of greenhouse gases is generally not going to be easy or cheap and that Government must support and facilitate the mitigation plans of, in particular, the energy, transport and industrial sectors.

Relevance to the proposed Upington SEZ:

 The proposed Wind Farm project is in line with the IRP 2016 and can contribute up to 50 MW of solar energy to the total requirement. This is in line with mitigation commitments.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Other relevant national legislation

Other national legislation that may be relevant to the proposed Upington SEZ includes:-

 The Telecommunication Act (1966) which has certain requirements with regard to potential impacts on signal reception.  Green Economy Accord. The Green Economy Accord is an agreement between government, business and labour, committing each to tangible targets in achieving low carbon based economic development growth through renewable energy.  In addition to the above, aside from the environmental authorisation, there are other permits, contracts and licenses that will need to be obtained by the project proponent for the proposed project some of which fall outside the scope of the EIA. However, for the purposes of completeness, these include:-

o Local Municipality: Land Rezoning Permit o National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA): Generation License

Municipal By-Laws

Certain activities related to the proposed development may, in addition to National legislation, be subject to control by municipal by-laws. These will need to be confirmed with the David Kruiper Local Municipality prior to construction.

At this stage in the EIA process this list should not be regarded as definitive or exhaustive, and it is probable that additional legislative requirements will be identified as the process progresses. In this regard, the Terms of Reference for most of the specialist studies include the need for a review of all relevant legislation pertaining to the proposed development.

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 5. PROJECT NEED & DESIRABILITY

NCEDA proposes the establishment of a SEZ in Upington, which has been driven by the anticipated positive outlook for the renewable solar energy power demand in South Africa within the context of the IRP 2016 plan of the South African Government. It is anticipated that the increased utilization of renewable energy as a source of electricity generation will drive the establishment of new industries. The objective of the Solar SEZ in Upington is to become an industrial node that will attract solar related manufacturing, assembly and supporting services in support of South Africa’s renewable energy strategy.

5.1. Strategic Infrastructure Projects (SIPs)

The South African Government adopted a National Infrastructure Plan in 2012 that is intended to transform the economic landscape of South Africa, create significant numbers of new jobs, and strengthen the delivery of basic services. It sets out the challenges and enablers who South Africa needs to respond to in the building and developing of infrastructure. The Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission (PICC) is a body set up to integrate and coordinate the long-term infrastructure build. Strategic Infrastructure Projects (SIPs) have been developed and approved to support economic development and address service delivery in the poorest provinces. The proposed Upinton SEZ and associated Solar PV Plant fall within the following Energy SIPs:

 SIP 8: Green Energy in support of the South African Economy (Support sustainable green energy initiatives on a national scale through a diverse range of clean energy options as envisaged in the IRP 2010 and to support biofuel production facilities);  SIP 9: Electricity Generation to support socio-economic development (Accelerate the construction of new electricity generation capacity in accordance with the IRP 2016 to meet the needs of the economy and address historical imbalances).

5.2. Renewable Energy Development Zones (REDZ)

The DEA has been mandated to undertake a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process for renewable energy development zones in South Africa. The wind and solar photovoltaic SEAs are being undertaken in order to identify geographical areas most suitable for the rollout of wind and solar photovoltaic energy projects and the supporting electricity grid network. The DEA and CSIR have released a map with focus areas best suited for the roll-out of wind and solar photovoltaic energy projects in South Africa. Although CSP technology has not been specifically considered in the SEA, it follows that all solar technologies would be focused in similar areas. The aim of the assessment is to designate renewable energy development zones (REDZs) within which such development will be incentivised and streamlined. The proposed facility falls within the identified geographical areas / focus area most suitable for the rollout of the development of solar energy projects (called "Upington Solar priority area") within the Northern Cape Province.

Coupled to the Renewable Energy SEA, Eskom's Electricity Grid infrastructure Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is also underway. The area where the facility is proposed is currently within the corridor planned to be strengthened by Eskom.

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6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2; Content of a Scoping Report (1) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must include g) A full description of the process followed to reach the proposed preferred activity, site and location of the development footprint within the site, including – (i) Details of the alternatives considered;

One of the objectives of an EIA is to investigate alternatives to the proposed project. There are two types of alternatives: Fundamental Alternatives and Incremental Alternatives.

6.1. Reasonable and Feasible Alternatives

Alternatives should include consideration of all possible means by which the purpose and need of the proposed activity could be accomplished. The no-go alternative must also in all cases be included in the assessment phase as the baseline against which the impacts of the other alternatives are assessed. The determination of whether site or activity (including different processes etc.) or both is appropriate needs to be informed by the specific circumstances of the activity and its environment.

“Alternatives”, in relation to a proposed activity, is defined as different means of meeting the general purpose and requirements of the activity, which may include alternatives to; - a) the property on which or location where it is proposed to undertake the activity; b) the type of activity to be undertaken; c) the design or layout of the activity; or d) the option of not implementing the activity.

6.2. Fundamental Alternatives

Fundamental alternatives are developments that are totally different from the proposed project description and usually include the following:

• Alternative property or location where it is proposed to undertake the activity. • Alternative type of activity to be undertaken. • Alternative technology to be used in the activity.

The following fundamental alternatives were considered:

Special Economic Zone (SEZ, Preferred alternative)

The preferred land use alternative on Upington Erf 6009, Upington Erf 5645, and a section of the Upington Allotment Area is the development of a SEZ.

SEZs are geographically designated areas of a country set aside for specifically targeted economic activities, supported through special arrangements and systems that are often different from those that apply in the rest of the country.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 36 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 The proposed Upington SEZ is driven by the anticipated positive outlook for the renewable solar energy power demand in South Africa within the context of the IRP 2010 plan of the South African Government. It is anticipated that the increased utilization of renewable energy as a source of electricity generation will drive the establishment of new industries. The objective of the SEZ in Upington is to become an industrial node that will attract not only solar related manufacturing, assembly and supporting services in support of South Africa’s renewable energy strategy but mining beneficiation and agro-processing as well.

Agriculture

Agriculture was considered as an alternative land use to the proposed SEZ on Upington Erf 6009, Upington Erf 5645, and a section of the Upington Allotment Area. Figure 6.1 indicates the structurally favourable soils (ARC, 2017) on the proposed properties and surrounding areas. The soils on the proposed site and the surrounding properties are classified as scarce or absent soils with structure favouring arable land use. The proposed SEZ properties are therefore not suitable for agriculture and agriculture will not be assessed further as a fundamental alternative.

Figure 6.1: Structurally favourable soils map of the proposed SEZ.

Conservation

Conservation was considered as an alternative land use to the proposed SEZ on Upington Erf 6009, Upington Erf 5645, and a section of the Upington Allotment Area. Figure 6.2 indicates the National Protected Area Expansion Strategy (NPAES) focus areas on the proposed properties and surrounding areas. No focus areas are situated within 50 km from the proposed site. The closest focus areas to the site are the Augrabies Focus Area, which is situated 83 km to the west of the proposed site and the Gariep Focus Area, which is situated 118 km southeast of the proposed site (NPAES, 2009).

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 37 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 The vegetation that was identified on the proposed site is largely degraded and few faunal species were identified during the site survey. The proposed SEZ site is not earmarked for future conservation development. The proposed SEZ properties are therefore not suitable for conservation and conservation will not be assessed further as a fundamental alternative.

Figure 6.2: NPAES Focus Areas map of the proposed SEZ and surrounding areas.

6.3. Incremental Alternatives

Incremental alternatives are modifications or variations to the design of a project that provide different options to reduce or minimise environmental impacts. There are several incremental alternatives that will be considered during the EIA Phase of the project, including:

 The design or layout of the activity;  The technology to be used in the activity; and  The operational aspects of the activity.

The following incremental alternatives, specifically technology alternatives, have been considered for the proposed SEZ wastewater, road networks and energy facilities. The operational alternatives of the proposed SEZ will be assessed during EIA phase.

Three alternate options have been proposed to manage the wastewater produced from these phases of the project (Figure 6.3).

Wastewater Option 1

The construction of a new sewer pump station to the south of the SEZ target area (See Figure 6.3).

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 38 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 All sewage produced by the proposed Upington SEZ area will flow through a gravity fed system (red lines in Figure 6.3) to the sewer pump station. Sewage will then be pumped offsite to a municipal WWTW (green line in Figure 6.3).

Gravity fed

Pumped offsite

Figure 6.3: Alternative option 1 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ

Wastewater Option 2

 All sewage will be conveyed and treated by new infrastructure constructed as part of the SEZ development.  This includes the construction of:  A sewerage pump station to the south of the SEZ target area where all the sewage drains through the gravity network to a pump line (green line in Figure 6.4)  This pump line will be constructed from this pump station to convey the waste water through the industrial area to a new sewer treatment works adjacent to the pump station.  Treated water will be pumper to a reservoir located at the highest point onsite (in the northern section)(green line in Figure 6.4)  In this case treated water can be used as raw water in the SEZ area for toilets and gardens.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 39 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Gravity fed Gravity fed

Figure 6.4: Alternative option 2 for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ

Wastewater Option 3 (Preferred alternative)

This is considered as the preferred alternative.

 All sewage will be conveyed and treated by new infrastructure constructed as part of the SEZ development.  This includes the construction of:  A sewerage pump station to the south of the SEZ target area where all the sewage drains through the gravity network to a pump line (red lines in Figure 6.5)  This pump line will be constructed from this pump station to convey the waste water through the industrial area to a new sewer treatment works located in the northern section of the site (green lines in Figure 6.5)  Treated water will be pumped to a reservoir located in close vicinity to the treatment works.  In this case treated water can be used as raw water in the SEZ area for toilets and gardens.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 40 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Gravity fed

Figure 6.5: Alternative option 3 (preferred option) for the reticulation and treatment of sewage generated by the proposed Upington SEZ

Road Network Option 1

The following existing roads are located along the boundaries of the proposed Upington SEZ (Figure 6.6):

Roads that border the proposed Upington SEZ area are in adequate condition to withstand the traffic generated by the proposed Upington SEZ. The preliminary road and street layout for the proposed Upington SEZ, as indicated in Figure 6.7, was developed by professional town planners and reviewed by the David Kruiper (//Khara Hais) Town Planning Division.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 41 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Figure 6.6: The existing road infrastructure that borders the proposed Upington SEZ.

Figure 6.7: The proposed internal road infrastructure of the Upington SEZ.

No further information has been provided as of yet with regards to method statement for the construction of the internal road network associated with the proposed Upington SEZ. This information will be included in the EIR.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 42 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Energy Option 1: Photovoltaic (PV) Facility (Preferred alternative)

The proposed PV Solar Facility associated with the Upington SEZ will to use PV panels which will harness solar energy. The proposed solar PV facility is anticipated to produce up to 50 MW of electricity. The installation is estimated to cover a footprint of approximately 75 hectares.

Figure 6.8: Examples of commercial scale PV solar array layouts.

Energy Option 2: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Facility

CSP facilities consist of technologies that concentrate the sun's energy through large mirrors and utilise concentrated thermal energy to produce steam to drive a conventional steam turbine for electricity generation. There are numerous different types of technologies that can be used for CSP facilities, such as the Central Receiver, Parabolic Trough, Linear Fresnel and the Parabolic Dish technology. The technologies are similar to conventional power plants in that steam is used to power a turbine and generator, but the fossil fuel combustion is replaced with free, non-polluting solar energy (Eskom, 2017).

The high tower, to which the mirrors concentrate the thermal energy, is visually intrusive and this is likely to have a very high impact on the Upington International Airport, which is situated close to the proposed SEZ and solar facility site, due to the glare that is caused by the tower.

The CSP Facility alternative, as an energy option, is therefore not going to be assessed further in the EIR.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 43 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Figure 6.9: Existing CSP facilities (Eskom, 2017).

6.4. No-Go development

The EIA process is obligated to assess the status quo (i.e. the “No-Go” option). The No-Go alternative provides the assessment with a baseline against which predicted impacts resulting from the proposed development may be compared. A “No-Go” alternative has been assessed for the proposed development.

A summary of the different alternative options are provided in Table 6.1 below:

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 44 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Table 6.1: Proposed alternatives for the new Upington SEZ project. Reasonable Further Alternative level Alternatives Advantages Disadvantages Comment and feasible assessment Property or Site alternative 1  Located within the  Land is currently  The site location location (only alternative) Upington urban edge undeveloped and consists has been finalised This refers to the  Close proximity to the mostly of natural veld during the fundamental existing industrial areas Feasibility stage. route options,  Close proximity to the  NCEDA is already YES YES and the airport negotiating with environmental  Easy access of the site the existing risks and impacts from various points. landowners to associated with obtain the land such options. Type of Waste water  PACKAGE PLANT:   technology treatment DETAILS STILL TO BE

This refers to the technology 1 – FINALISED BY CLIENT fundamental technology Waste water  PACKAGE PLANT:   options. treatment DETAILS STILL TO BE

technology 2 – FINALISED BY CLIENT

Design or layout Site layout 1  Does not require a new  Existing system already  This may not be a This relates (Sewage treatment plant under pressure and may feasible alternative mostly to infrastructure) –  Offsite treatment not be able to as the Municipal YES YES alternative ways Offsite treatment of accommodate additional system is running at in which the sewage – Option 1 inflow. almost maximum proposed capacity development or Site layout 2  Onsite treatment plant  Requires the construction  Refer to Section activity can be (Sewage  Updated technologies of a new plant. 3.2.3, page 22 for physically laid out infrastructure) – will be incorporated detailed YES YES on the ground to Onsite treatment of descriptions of each minimise or sewage – Option 2 Option indicated reduce here. environmental Site layout 1  Onsite treatment plant  Requires the construction  Refer to Section YES YES risks or impacts. (Sewage  Updated technologies of a new plant. 3.2.3, page 22 for EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 45 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Reasonable Further Alternative level Alternatives Advantages Disadvantages Comment and feasible assessment Refer to Section infrastructure) – will be incorporated detailed 3.2.3, page 22 Onsite treatment of descriptions of each for detailed sewage – Option 3 Option indicated descriptions of here. each Option  This is the preferred indicated here. option Construction and Alternative Construction and Operational operational Operational Management aspects activities alternatives will be This relates informed by specialist mostly to input (e.g. ecological, alternative ways aquatic, social, Noise, Air in which the quality, groundwater and N/A YES YES N/A development or heritage studies). No activity is Construction and constructed and Operational Management operated in order alternatives have been to reduce identified yet. environmental risks or impacts. No-go option Current land uses.  The environment will  No contribution towards The no-go option will be This refers to the remain relatively an industrial hub in assessed in the impact current status undisturbed. Upington. assessment process YES YES quo and the risks  No job opportunities. and impacts  No development associated to it. opportunities

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 46 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 7. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2; Content of a Scoping Report (1) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must include g) A full description of the process followed to reach the proposed preferred activity, site and location within the site, including – (ii) Details of the public participation process undertaken in terms of regulation 41 of the Regulations, including copies of the supporting documents. (iii) A summary of the issues raised by interested and affected parties, and an indication of the manner in which the issues were incorporated, or the reasons for not including them;

7.1. Notification of Interested and Affected Parties

7.1.1. Public Participation

Public consultation is a legal requirement throughout the EIA process. Developers are required to conduct public consultation throughout the Scoping and EIR phase. Formal EIA documents are required to be made available for public review and comment by the proponent, these include the Project Brief, Scoping Report and Terms of Reference for the EIA, the draft and final EIA reports and the decision of the Environmental Authority. The method of public consultation to be used depends largely on the location of the development and the level of education of those being impacted on by the project. Required means of public consultation include:

 Site notice(s);  Newspaper advertisement(s);  Letter of Notification and information to affected landowner(s), stakeholders and registered I&APs (Proof: e-mail, fax, registered letters to DEA);  Background Information Document (BID) distribution;  Public meeting (Attendance register and meeting minutes); and  Authority and Stakeholder engagement (DEA, DWS, SAHRA, NBKB, DENC, etc.).

7.2. Stakeholder and I&AP database

Below is a list of all stakeholders identified during the EIA process as well as registered I&Aps:

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 47 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Table 7.1: Compilation of organs of state, key stakeholders and registered I&APs NCEDA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ), UPINGTON, NORTHERN CAPE (077) STAKEHOLDERS PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS - NOTIFICATIONS SENT DRAFT EIA SCOPING PUBLIC FINAL DRAFT EIR FIN EA & DEPARTMENT/ORGA EMAIL & PUBLIC MEETI SCOPI PUBLIC AL APPE NISATION CONTACT POSTAL/PHYSICAL ADDRESS TELEPHONE NO. MOBILE N0. ADDRESS BID REVIEW NG NG REVIEW EIR ALS Department: Environmental Affairs: dmabona@env Biodiversity & Mr Dumisani 473 Steve Biko (Old Beatrix ironment.gov.z

Conservation Mabona Street), Arcadia, Pretoria, 0001 (0)12 399 9823 a x Department: Economic Metlife Towers, 13th Floor, Cnr Development & Stead & Knight Streets, [email protected]

Tourism Northern Cape Kimberley, 8301 (0)53 839 4000 ov.za x Department: Economic Metlife Towers, 13th Floor, Cnr Development & Stead & Knight Streets, aahmed@ncpg.

Tourism (PA to HoD) Northern Cape Kimberley, 8301 (0)53 839 4000 gov.za x Department: Economic Development & Metlife Towers, 13th Floor, Cnr Tourism (Executive Stead & Knight Streets, tbooysen@ncp

Assistant to HoD) Northern Cape Kimberley, 8301 (0)53 839 4000 g.gov.za x Department: Environment & Nature Bryan Fisher Sasko Building, 90 Long Street, [email protected]

Conservation Kimberley, 8300 (0)53 807 7503 (0)83 270 8323 ov.za x Department: Environment & Nature Conservation (ZF O Riba Mgcawu District oriba.denc@g

Environ Officer) (0)54 338 4800 (0)60 991 4817 mail.com x Department: Public 9-11 Stokroos Street, Works, Roads and Squarehill Park, Kimberley, Transport Northern Cape 8301 (0)53 839 2100 65- Phakamile Mabija Street, Perm Building, 3rd floor, [email protected]

Department: Energy Northern Cape Kimberley (0)53 836 4000 ov.za x Department: Mineral 65 Phakamile Mabija Street, Resources Northern Cape Perm Building, Kimberley, 8300 (0)53 807 1700 Department: Water & 28 Central Road, Beaconsfield, AbrahamsA@d

Sanitation Mr Abe Abrahams Kimberley, 8301 (0)53 830 8800 (0)82 883 6741 ws.gov.za x Department: Water & Sanitation (Orange Mr Moses Mahunonyane

Proto-CMA: Licensing) Mahunonyane [email protected] x Department: Mr. J Cilliers Department of Water and (0)54 338 5902 [email protected] x EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 48 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Agriculture, Forestry Forestry, 19 Aqua Street, ov.za and Fisheries Upington, 8800 Department: Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural 162 George Street, Kimberlite tperkins@gran

Development Mr. Viljoen Mothibi Building, Kimberley (0)53 838 9100 d.ncape.gov.za x Department: Rural New Public Building Corner Development & Land Mr. Moeketsi Knight & Stead Street, moeketsi.ntsan

Reform Ntsane Kimberley, 8300 (0)53 830 4012 [email protected] x Department: Social Mimosa Complex, Barkly Road, Development Northern Cape Homestead, Kimberley, 8300 (0)53 807 5600 Kulawula House, 526 Madiba National Energy (former Vermeulen) Street, [email protected]

Regulator (NERSA) Arcadia, Pretoria, 0001 (0)12 401 4600 .za x Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality Cnr Scott & Mutual St, managersec@k

(Secretary to MM) Upington, 8801 (0)54 338 7000 harahais.gov.za x Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality (Acting Cnr Scott & Mutual St, d.ngxanga@vo

Municipal Manager) DE Ngxanga Upington, 8801 (0)54 338 7000 damail.co.za x Dawid Kruiper Local Cnr Scott & Mutual St, tourism@khara

Municipality (LED) Upington, 8801 (0)54 338 7000 hais.gov.za x ZF Mgcawu District 26 Upington Dve, Upington, djvz@zfm-

Municipality (MM) Mr Ntoba 8800 (0)54 337 2800 (0)72 038 7580 dm.gov.za x ZF Mgcawu District 26 Upington Dve, Upington, sc@zfm-

Municipality (Admin) Suzelle Coetzee 8800 (0)54 337 2800 dm.gov.za x 111 Harrington Street, Cape [email protected]

SAHRA Town, 8001 (0)21 462 4502 .za x Ngwao Boswa Kapa Bokone (Provincial Heritage Resources 1 Roper Street, Kimberley, rtimothy@nbk

Authority) 8301 (0)53 831 2537 b.org.za x WESSA Environmental Governance 2 Lawrence Street, Central Hill, morgan.griffith

Programme Manager Morgan Griffiths Port Elizabeth, 6001 (0)41 585 9606 (0)72 417 5793 [email protected] ESKOM (Servitude and Investigations motsisl@esko

Department) Lungile Motsisi (0)11 800 5734 m.co.za x TRANSNET (Transnet eddie.seton@tr Property) Eddie Seton (0)11 308 2417 ansnet.net x

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

(Solar Farms) Applications (0)11 545 1232 co.za x 24 Johnson Road, The Maples Airports Company Office Park, Bedfordview, webmaster@ai

South Africa (ACSA) Johannesburg (0)11 723 1400 rports.co.za x conwill.willems Airports Company Mr Conwill [email protected]

South Africa (ACSA) Willemse (0)54 337 7911 a x Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) gwen.wessels

(EHSO) Ms Gwen Wessels (0)54 337 7911 @airports.co.za x makoam@nra.

SANRAL Mrs. Mpati Makoa (0)12 844 8013 co.za x Block Two, Montrio Corporate Park, Number 10. Oliver Road, SALGA (Northern Monument Heights, Kimberley, Cape) 8300 (0)53 836 7900 Isdell House, 17 Hume Road, Dunkeld West 2196, [email protected]

BirdLife South Africa Johannesburg, South Africa (0)11 789 1122 rg.za x BirdLife South Africa Isdell House, 17 Hume Road, (Terrestrial bird Hanneline Smit- Dunkeld West 2196, conservation@

conservation) Robinson Johannesburg, South Africa (0)11 789 1122 birdlife.org.za x Birdlife South Africa (Important Bird and Isdell House, 17 Hume Road, daniel.marnewi Biodiversity Areas Dunkeld West 2196, [email protected]

Programme) Daniel Marnewick Johannesburg, South Africa (0)11 789 1122 .za x Endangered Wildlife Building K2, Pinelands Office Trust (Head of Harriet Davies- Park, Ardeer Road, harrietd@ewt. Conservation) Mostert Modderfontein, 1645 (0)11 372 3600 org.za x Ward 8 Cllr (Study Philippus Theodorus Potgieter Straat 34, Die Rand, flip@pompenp

area) van der Steen Upington, 8801 (0)82 491 0401 yp.co.za x Ward 6 Cllr Siyabulela Dawid Omega Straat 87, Paballelo, (Surrounding area) Dubeni Upington, 8801 (0)73 951 6714 Ward 7 Cllr King Straat 724, Paballelo, (Surrounding area) Bettie Kalote Upington, 8801 (0)78 601 0125 Bergman Straat 25 Propshaft & henkopperman Ward 9 Cllr Jan Hendrik Tune-up Centre, Upington, @vodamail.co.

(Surrounding area) Opperman 8801 (0)82 553 8819 za x

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

(Landowner) Dlabantu Private Bag x 65, Pretoria, 0001 (0)12 406 1000 .gov.za x Erf 5645 Portion 0 (Landowner) Erf 20110 Portion 0 Khara Hais Local (Surrounding Municipality: DE Cnr Scott & Mutual St, managersec@k

Landowner) Ngxanga Upington, 8801 (0)54 338 7000 harahais.gov.za x Erf 2 Portion 0 Gordonia (Surrounding Kenhardtse Landowner) (Algal Landbougenoot Farm?) Skap Trust Erf 5530 Portion 0 Khara Hais Local (Surrounding Municipality: DE Cnr Scott & Mutual St, managersec@k

Landowner) Ngxanga Upington, 8801 (0)54 338 7000 harahais.gov.za x

REGISTERED I&APS COMPANY/ORGANISA EMAIL TION CONTACT PERSON POSTAL/PHYSICAL ADDRESS TELEPHONE NO. MOBILE N0. ADDRESS lisette.28degre

28° North West Lisette van Niekerk (0)83 564 1058 [email protected] x 8 South African Infantry Battalion (8 Private Bag X5904, Upington, 8saiupt@gmail.

SAI Bn) South Africa, 8800 (0)54 337 4300 com x A Chateau de Lux Estelle Crous (0)54 332 6504 a-la- [email protected]

à La Fugue (0)54 338 04 24 (0)82 789 93 24 o.za x info@aantkana

Aan't Kanaal Esté Strauss (0)54 332 3722 (0)82 411 3616 al.co.za x African Vineyard Guest Elmarie (0)83 461 1724 elmariedeb@v x EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 51 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

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House odamail.co.za

Afrique Guesthouse Carel & Anita (0)54 332 2942 (0)72 993 0062 mail@bainshou

AG Bain's House (0)54 332 1333 (0)72 906 4852 se.com x info@alimento.

Alimento (0)82 653 6399 co.za x Allianto Boutique [email protected]

Hotel Marina Kearney (0)54 338 0032 (0)82 696 0964 o.za x andalize@mwe

Andalize Guest House Annalé Marais (0)54 332 5579 (0)72 215 0473 b.co.za x [email protected]

Arita's Rest Arita Steenkamp (0)83 456 5966 o.za x Aroma Guesthouse Susan Lensing (0)54 332 5448 (0)83 236 2252 pclouw@mweb

At Home Andrea Louw (0)54 332 5465 (0)82 743 0099 .co.za x Augrabies Falls augrabiesres@

National Park (0)54 452 9200 sanparks.org x info@kalahari- Augrabies Falls Rafting adventures.co.z

& Canoe Trails Craig Eksteen (0)82 476 8213 a x avondrustgh@t

Avond Rust Rika van der Ryst (0)54 332 2264 (0)82 561 7188 elkomsa.net x stay@bemygue

BeMyGuest Isabel Saunderson (0)54 33 212 92 (0)82 4870 888 stupt.co.za x Bet-EL (0)83 500 7165 belurana@mw

Belurana River Manor Benita Steenkamp (0)54 332 4323 (0)82 925 3029 eb.co.za x burgergh@upin

Burger Guesthouse Gesie Burger (0)54 331 2217 (0)83 306 5895 gton.com x stephen@brow

Browns Manor Stephen Brown (0)54 338 0384 (0)82 371 8033 nsmanor.co.za x info@countrylo

Country Lodge Johnny & Nicolene (0)83 257 3903 dge.co.za x daberasfarm@

Daberas Hannecke & Kobus (0)83 384 7188 (0)73 867 1474 gmail.com x Desert Palace Hotel & hotel@desertp

Casino Resort (0)54 338 4100 (0)72 490 2628 alace.co.za x Die Kalaharihuis Jakobie van der Ryst (0)54 332 3683 (0)76 182 7539 EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 52 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Evergreen Mariaan (0)82 780 1316 greenbnb.co.za x kalahari@fmsaf

FM Safaris Marie Kriel (0)83 264 8725 aris.co.za x mail@habitatvi

Habitat Guest Village Elsofe Malan (0)54 332 4311 (0)73 528 3388 llage.co.za x Idemvelle Guesthouse & Flats Karin Lange (0)54 331 3880 (0)83 285 1859 info@jubileeup

Jubilee Rika (0)82 574 4060 ington.co.za x justbguesthous

Just B Guest House Jacomien Kruger (0)54 331 2619 (0)60 525 8390 [email protected] x Kalahari-Oranje Museum (0)54 331 2640 Spitskop Nature teuns@inteko

Reserve Theuns Both (0)82 445 8324 m.co.za x Kalahari Tours & Travel Dantes Liebenberg (0)54 338 0375 (0)82 493 5041 Kalahari Safaris - pieter@kalahar

Desert Explorers Pieter Hanekom (0)54 332 5653 (0)82 435 0007 isafaris.co.za x marykebotes1

Le Bonheur Manor Maryke Botes (0)83 235 1727 @gmail.com x reservations@l Le Must River emustupington

Collection Dirkje Brookes (0)54 332 3971 (0)82 828 1885 .com x Libby's Lodge Liesel Gerber (0)54 332 2661 (0)82 924 7605 Mafanie B&B Steffie Coetzee (0)82 492 99 39 info@moonrive Moonriver rguesthouse.co Guesthouse Elton (0)54 332 1847 (0)82 572 2029 .za x MultiPro Manor Amorette (0)54 332 4960 (0)82 561 4419 nabalodge@tel Naba Lodge Ilzé & Morne (0)54 338 0444 (0)82 824 4954 komsa.net x Naree's Cottage Anine & Zandra (0)54 332 3732 (0)83 384 1528 Noord-Kaap Vlieg info@noordkaa

Akademie (0)72 380 5960 pvlieg.co.za x tanjalavi@yaho Old Mission Market (0)61 1985037 o.com x

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Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

NCEDA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ), UPINGTON, NORTHERN CAPE (077) STAKEHOLDERS PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS - NOTIFICATIONS SENT DRAFT EIA SCOPING PUBLIC FINAL DRAFT EIR FIN EA & DEPARTMENT/ORGA EMAIL & PUBLIC MEETI SCOPI PUBLIC AL APPE NISATION CONTACT POSTAL/PHYSICAL ADDRESS TELEPHONE NO. MOBILE N0. ADDRESS BID REVIEW NG NG REVIEW EIR ALS Orange Apple Guest info@orangeap Lodge Marina Nel (0)83 399 0564 ple.biz x Orange River Wine admin@orange Cellars (0)54 337 8800 riverwines.com x oranjerus@mw Oranjerus Resort (0)82 772 5896 eb.co.za x Protea Hotel (0)54 337 8400 info@private- Magic of Desert 4x4 kalahari- Adventures (0)54 332 5787 safari.com x [email protected] River Bank Lapa Rence-Marie (0)54 332 3449 (0)82 492 4544 t x info@river- River Place Manor Piet & Ronel Lange (0)54 3323102 (0)82 4912338 place.co.za x info@riverridge River Ridge Resort Ilse Barnard Walker (0)82 820 6777 .co.za x ariviera@uping Riviera Garden B&B Anneke Malan (0)54 332 6554 (0)72 447 6750 ton.co.za x Sakkie se Arkie Orange [email protected] River Cruise Sakkie Spangenberg (0)82 564 5447 t x Schröderhuis schroderhuis@l Guesthouse Jaco (0)54 331 1234 (0)84 7325 097 antic.net x mandelasflowe Strelitzia Guest House Primrose & Regina (0)54 331 1519 (0)78 816 7083 [email protected] x reception@sun Sun River Kalahari riverlodge.co.z Lodge Liezl & Japie (0)54 332 2210 (0)82 855 7757 a x Swift River Adventures (0)82 773 3304 ED & Amaureen info@tatamata Tata Ma Tata Tours Smith (0)54 339 1112 (0)82 535 8830 ta.co.za x Three Gables threegables@ Guesthouse Cerina Kruger (0)83 264 2982 mweb.co.za x info@thurulod Thuru Lodge (0)82 885 4062 ge.co.za x nclodge@web Tshahitsi Lodge (0)54 333 1126 (0)79 583 5475 mail.co.za x Upington Golf Club Johan Pretorius (0)54 338 0239 (0)82 336 3104 [email protected] x info@waterfro Waterfront Guestfarm Brünhildé Louw (0)54 332 6415 (0)82 412 7153 ntkalahari.com x EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 54 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

7.3. Issues & Comments

The following issues were raised by either Stakeholders of registered I&Aps with the relevant responses:

COMMENTS & RESPONSES

Organisation/ Initial & Surname Comments Responses Association Pre-Application meeting with DEA (16th March 2017) Babalwa Mbobo (NCEDA) confirmed that an Environmental Authorisation (EA) was already issued by the provincial Conrad enquired whether Phase 1 of the project had Department of Environment and Nature Conservation (DENC). already been approved and whether construction had commenced. Babalwa confirmed that Phase 1 construction has commenced in the form of clearing and preparing the site for the installation of basic infrastructure. Roy and Babalwa confirmed that 50MW is the maximum output that will be applied for, as the exact output is Conrad enquired whether a PV plant with a total output currently unknown. of 50MW is proposed.

Conrad suggested that it must be specified in the application that 50MW is applied for as a maximum output. He further explained that 50MW cannot be achieved on C Agenbach DEA 72ha. On average 3ha is permitted per megawatt. Roy confirmed that this will be done. Conrad suggested that since the proposed SEZ site is located so close to the National Route 10, comment Noted. Comment will be requested from SANRAL must be obtained from SANRAL as they usually require buffer zones around national roads. Conrad enquired whether the intention of this Roy confirmed that the current application will only cover the SEZ area and the proposed bulk infrastructure. All application is to obtain an authorisation for the SEZ area other internal industries would have to conduct their own assessments, if required. However, as part of this and bulk infrastructure only, or whether it will include assessment there is a suit of specialists who will be assessing the types of industries that can be permitted within the different industries proposed within the SEZ as well. certain zones at the SEZ. EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 55 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

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Conrad enquired whether the project was registered as a SIP project. He further explained that all renewable Babalwa indicated that she would enquire from DTI whether the proposed project is registered as a SIP project. energy projects are potentially SIP projects, however they need to be registered as such. Conrad advised that a Traffic Impact Assessment is Roy confirmed that a TIA has been commissioned. important for the project, and must be conducted. Conrad suggested that maybe an Agricultural Specialist Assessment is not necessary; however a letter of Roy confirmed that this will be done opinion from an Agricultural Specialist is required and will suffice. Conrad expressed a concern on visual intrusion, especially the proximity of the PV panels to a National Roy confirmed that the issue of PV panels will be assessed within the EIA. However, a comment from a visual Route. Reflection from the panels may result in visual specialist will be included in the EIA. intrusion. Conrad enquired whether there are no waste triggers Roy confirmed that both proposed sewage treatments facilities are below the threshold. As such, no waste license for the proposed project. is required. Mahlatse Shubane (DEA) enquired what the proposed Roy confirmed that the site is zoned as open space, and is currently not being used for any specific activity, site is currently being used. although illegal solid waste dumping was observed in some areas on site. Roy indicated that the proposed site is within an urban edge and thus the PV trigger is inapplicable. Roy further indicated the above as one of the main items requiring clarity from DEA as part of the pre-application meeting.

Conrad suggested that all triggers will be assessed when the application form is submitted to DEA (not during the pre-app meeting). The form must concisely describe the project elements that are being applied for and how they M Shubane DEA Mahlatse enquired why the PV trigger was excluded in implicate the listed activities. the proposed application Conrad further advised to rather apply for all anticipated listed activities, even if there is uncertainty about their applicability, DEA will scrutinise and remove the inapplicable listed activities.

Conrad also advised that an urban edge map must be attached to the application form for motivating the exclusion of the PV listed activity. Roy enquired whether National DEA is indeed the competent authority for the proposed project. Also Conrad confirmed DEA as the competent authority since NCEDA, an organ of state, is the applicant. considering that it is a SIP project. Conrad advised Roy to check with the EMF to see if there were no site alternatives in the initial stages of the project. If so, they can be used as site alternatives for the benefit of the EIA. Roy enquired on the assessment of alternatives, how

R de Kock EOH they should be addressed in the EIA. Considering that Where there are no alternatives, good motivation must be provided. there are no site alternatives.

Roy will check the EMF and address alternatives as suggested. Roy enquired about the level of assessment of impacts Conrad advised that impacts must be assessed and mitigation measures must be provided (where possible), even if and provision of mitigation measures in the Scoping it’s at a low scale, detailed assessment is only required at EIR phase. phase. Nande Suka (EOH) enquired whether the project should Conrad advised that it should be indicated as a SIP project, the application form cannot be rejected in that regard, be indicated as a SIP project in the application form, and rather, additional information will be requested to prove the SIP status. N Suka EOH even though it is still uncertain whether it is registered or not.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 56 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 8. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2; Content of a Scoping Report (1) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must include g) A full description of the process followed to reach the proposed preferred activity, site and location within the site, including – (iv) The environmental attributes associated with the alternatives focusing on the geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects;

The following section describes the current land use, climate, topography, geology and hydrology within the proposed Upington SEZ study area.

8.1. Current land use

Figure 8.1 below indicates the land uses that are currently taking place within the proposed SEZ site and the surrounding areas.

The following land use features are evident in close proximity to the SEZ:

 Orange areas: Built up areas that have been classified as areas of high urban density. These areas indicate the town of Upington.  Yellow areas: Areas containing settlements that are classified as having low urban density; these include informal settlements and smallholdings.  Grey areas: Includes all mixed urban areas (High & Low urban) and includes industrial, residential and retail areas.  Light green and light yellow area: Gordonia Duneveld and Kalahari Karroid Shrubland vegetation respectively, as classified by Mucina and Rutherford (2012) in the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).  Red and white spotted lines: Existing major road, including the R360.  Green and white spotted lines: Arterial roads including the N10 and N14  Light brown lines: Existing roads; including secondary roads and streets.  Black and white spotted lines: Railway lines.  Blue lines and areas: Depict the rivers and river areas. The main river that is in close proximity to the road route is the Orange River.  Light blue areas: Represent the wetlands as classified by the National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas (NFEPA).

The following land use features are evident in the surrounding areas of the proposed SEZ

 Light grey areas: Indicated mixed urban areas  Drake Grey areas: Indicates commercial areas  Dark grey/blue areas: Indicated industrial areas  Bright Pink areas: Bright pink areas on the map indicate cemeteries.  Green areas: Indicated rifle ranges.  Light Purple: The light purple areas on the map indicate the extent of the Upington Airport.  Dark purple: Indicated the airport runway, taxi areas and parking areas and terminal buildings.

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Figure 8.1: Land Use Map indicating the current land use surrounding the proposed SEZ in Upington.

8.2. Climate

Upington normally receives about 94mm of rain per year, with most rainfall occurring mainly during autumn. Figure 8.2 below (lower left) shows the average rainfall values for Upington per month. It receives the lowest rainfall (0mm) in June and the highest (29mm) in March. The monthly distribution of average daily maximum temperatures (centre figure below) shows that the average midday temperatures for Upington range from 19.8°C in June to 33°C in January. The region is the coldest during July when temperatures drop to 2.8°C on average during the night.

Figure 8.2: (a) Graph of the average monthly rainfall; (b) Graph of the average monthly midday temperatures; and (c) Graph of the average monthly night-time temperature (SA Explorer; 2015).

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 58 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 8.3. Topography A The topography surrounding the proposed SEZ indicated that the site is located high above sea level with the landscape being fairly flat (840m – 820m above sea level) (Figure 8.3).

Figure 8.3: General topography of the proposed SEZ.

8.4. Geology

According to Cornell et al. (2006) the site is located in the Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Province (Namaqua Sector) of rocks where metasediments, gneisses and granites, ranging between 2000-1000 Ma in age, comprise of unfossiliferous bedrock or calcrete of the Mokalanen Formation (Fm) occur. This bedrock is exposed underneath Kalahari Group sediments due to erosion. Overlying the calcretes are red aeolian sands of the Gordonia Fm.

8.5. Hydrology A The Orange River is the primary river along the proposed preferred route (Figure 8.4). The data from the National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas (NFEPA) indicates that two wetlands are located within the proposed SEZ site. These wetlands and rivers have been mapped in Figure 8.4; the wetlands have been buffered by 500m and the rivers have been buffered by 32m due to their sensitivity. Development within 500m from the wetland areas and within 32m of the rivers will require licencing from the DWS.

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Figure 8.4: Map indicating the hydrology of the proposed SEZ

8.6. Vegetation and Floristics

This section focuses on desktop information of the vegetation and floristics of the proposed SEZ site although the ecological impact specialist will undertake a thorough assessment of the vegetation and floristics.

8.6.1. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)

The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) vegetation map for the proposed SEZ is provided in Figure 8.5 below. The map indicates that the proposed SEZ site falls within the Kalahari Karroid Shrubland vegetation type.

This vegetation type typically forms belts, alternating with belts of Gordonia Duneveld on plains north west of Upington. Other patches occur around Kakamas and north of Grobershoop. The landscape typically consists of flat gravel plains. Karoo-elemants (shrubs) meet here with northern floristic elements indicating a transition to the Kalahari region and sandy soils. Mucina and Rutherford (2006) classify the Kalahari Karroid Shrubland as Least Threatened.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 60 King William’s Town N2 Northern Bypass Road Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Figure 8.5: SANBI Vegetation Map representing the vegetation within and surrounding the proposed SEZ

8.7. Site Sensitivity

Figure 8.6 indicates the environmental sensitivity of the proposed SEZ. The red areas indicate features with high environmental sensitivity, the orange areas indicate features with moderate environmental sensitivity and the light green areas indicate features that have low environmental sensitivity.

Table 8.1: Sensitive features of the SEZ and the surrounding area

Alternative Bypass Road Route Type of Moderate Sensitivity Type of High Sensitivity

Rivers (including 32m buffer) Azonal Lower Gariep Alluvial SEZ and surrounds Wetlands (including 500m Vegetation (Endangered) buffer)

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Figure 8.6: Sensitivity map of the proposed SEZ and surrounding areas.

8.8. Socio-Economic Profile

The proposed Upington SEZ is located within the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality, which is a Category B municipality that forms part of the ZF Mgcawu District (previously Siyanda District). The ZF Mgcawu District Municipality is the second-largest district in the Northern Cape. It was established by the amalgamation of the Mier and //Khara Hais Local Municipalities in August 2016.

The municipality borders with Namibia in the west, the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in the north and Botswana in the north-east. It consists of small towns and the !Khomani San community within its jurisdiction. Rietfontein, which is one of the main towns, is situated approximately 280km north-west from the nearest big town of Upington. Upington is situated 400km west of Kimberley, and has an airport and a landing strip. Natural boundaries provide a unique aspect to the town – one is the Kalahari Desert and another is the Orange River, South Africa's largest river, which it straddles. The municipality is the acknowledged commercial, educational, military, agricultural, medical, transport and tourism centre of the area.

8.8.1. Population

Upington has a total population of 57,220 inhabitants with a population density of 99.02 inhabitants per square kilometre. Based on a population survey that was conducted for the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality in 2016 StatSA, the population has shown a steady growth over the years. It has grown from 100,498 in 2011 to 107,161 in 2016 (6.22% growth rate).

The Upington population demographic, based on the 2011 StatSA Census, was 7.09% Black African, 77.96% Coloured, 13.18% White, 0.73% Indian or Asian and 1.03% other. The population consists of 51.04% female and 48.96% male. The primary language spoken in Upington is Afrikaans.

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8.8.2. Income and Poverty Levels

The Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality is characterised by moderate economic growth and a fairly rate of unemployment. Approximately 9.25% of households earn an income of less than R10,000 per month, with 9.75% of all households indicating no income at all.

8.8.3. Employment

It is evident that there is a lack of education and low levels of skill in the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality and a significant portion of Municipality’s potential labour force have not attended school or completed their primary phase. One of the greatest threats to the future development of the Municipality is the lack of appropriate education and skill levels. The 2016 survey found that only 31.8% of the Municipality’s 20-year- and-above population had grade 12 and only 6.4% had post school education. The unemployment rate is estimated at 11.88% with 43.29% of the population not being economically active.

The Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality’s main economic sectors include agriculture, business services, game farming, tourism and hospitality, manufacturing, transport, community services, social and personal services.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 63 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 9. MANNER IN WHICH THE ENVIRONMENT MAY BE AFFECTED

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2; Content of a Scoping Report (1) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must include: g) A full description of the process followed to reach the proposed preferred activity, site and location within the site, including – (v) The impacts and risks which have informed the identification of each alternative, including the nature, significance, consequences, extent, duration and probability of such identified impacts, including the degree to which these impacts –  Can be revised

 May cause irreplaceable loss of resources; and

 Can be avoided. Managed or mitigated

(vi) The methodology used in identifying and ranking the nature, significance,

consequences, extent, duration and probability of potential environmental impacts

and risks associated with the alternatives;

(vii) Positive and negative impacts that the proposed activity and alternatives will have on

the environment and on the community that may be affected focusing on the

geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects;

(viii) The possible mitigation measures that could be applied and level of residual risk;

(ix) The outcome of the site selection matrix

(x) If no alternatives, including alternative locations for the activity were investigated, the

motivation for not considering such; and

(xi) A concluding statement indicating the preferred alternatives, including preferred

location of the activity.

9.1. Assessment of impacts

EOH has developed a revised rating scale for the Scoping Phase in accordance with the requirement outlined in Appendix 2 of the amended EIA Regulations (2014). This scale takes into consideration the following variables:

 Significance  Consequence  Extent  Duration  Probability  Reversibility and Mitigation

It is however important to note that impacts are assessed and rated on a broader issues level, and are regarded as preliminary. This is because, at the Scoping Phase, a limited amount of information on project related detail is available, and baseline data on the project affected environment and social systems has not been gathered yet. This information requires input from a number of specialist assessments, which are only completed after the Scoping phase thus, a definitive assessment of project specific impacts cannot be completed at the Scoping phase, and our interpretation of the new requirements is that the environmental and social consequences of the project and alternatives needs to be discussed more broadly than what is required in the EIR. This we refer to as an issues level assessment.

9.1.1. Issues Identification matrix

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 64 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Six factors are considered when assessing the significance of the identified issues, namely:

1. Significance - Each of the below criterion (points 2-6 below) are ranked with scores assigned, as presented in Table 1 to determine the overall significance of an activity. The total scores recorded for the effect (which includes scores for duration; extent; consequence and probability) and reversibility / mitigation are then read off the matrix presented in Table 2, to determine the overall significance of the issue. The overall significance is either negative or positive. 2. Consequence - the consequence scale is used in order to objectively evaluate how severe a number of negative impacts might be on the issue under consideration, or how beneficial a number of positive impacts might be on the issue under consideration. 3. Extent - the spatial scale defines the physical extent of the impact. 4. Duration - the temporal scale defines the significance of the impact at various time scales, as an indication of the duration of the impact. 5. The probability of the impact occurring - the likelihood of impacts taking place as a result of project actions arising from the various alternatives. There is no doubt that some impacts would occur (e.g. loss of vegetation), but other impacts are not as likely to occur (e.g. vehicle accident), and may or may not result from the proposed development and alternatives. Although some impacts may have a severe effect, the likelihood of them occurring may affect their overall significance. 6. Reversibility / Mitigation – The degree of difficulty of reversing and/or mitigating the various impacts ranges from very difficult to easily achievable. The four categories used are listed and explained in Table 6.1 below. Both the practical feasibility of the measure, the potential cost and the potential effectiveness is taken into consideration when determining the appropriate degree of difficulty.

Table 9.1: Ranking of Evaluation Criteria Effect Duration Short term Less than 5 years Medium term Between 5-20 years Long term More than 20 years Extent Localized The proposed site and its immediate environs Moderate District / Municipal and Provincial level Extensive National and International level Consequence Slight impacts or benefits on the affected Slight system(s) or party(ies) Moderate impacts or benefits on the affected Moderate system(s) or party(ies) Severe/ Severe impacts or benefits on the affected Beneficial system(s) or party(ies) Probability The likelihood of these impacts occurring is slight Unlikely (low probability) The likelihood of these impacts occurring is May Occur possible (high probability) The likelihood is that this impact will definitely Definite occur Reversibility/ Reversibility / Mitigation Mitigation The impact can be easily, effectively and cost Easily achievable effectively mitigated/reversed The impact can be effectively mitigated/reversed Achievable without much difficulty or cost The impact could be mitigated/reversed but there Difficult will be some difficultly in ensuring effectiveness EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 65 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

and/or implementation, and significant costs The impact could be mitigated/reversed but it would be very difficult to ensure effectiveness, Very Difficult technically very challenging and financially very costly

9.2. Impacts mind map

The mind map (Table 9.2) maps out at a high level the categories or types of impacts that are expected under various themes.

9.3. Possible Environmental Issues and Impacts

Table 9.3 to 9.5 provides more detailed environmental issues and resulting impacts that have been identified for the following phases of the project development: planning and design, construction and operation. The identification of these impacts has resulted in the recommendation of specialist assessments; social, heritage, aquatic and ecological specialists. These impacts have been identified for all the various options proposed, and hence clarification of these options is gained, some of these impacts may become redundant.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 66 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – January 2017 Table 9.2: Mind map of the impacts identified within the Scoping phase of the proposed new SEZ development in Upington. MIND MAP: IMPACTS: PROPOSED SEZ

PLANNING & DESIGN THEMES CATEGORIES CONSTRUCTION PHASE OPERATIONAL PHASE PHASE

Topography, geology & soils X

Physical Land use X X X Environment Top soil & soil erosion X Surface & groundwater resources X X Legislative Environmental, legal and policy compliance X X X Environment

Biological Terrestrial ecosystems X X Environment Aquatic ecosystems X X X Health & safety X X

Socio-economic Archaeological, paleontological & cultural sites X Environment Social benefits from the project X X

Provision of electricity X Noise X X Cross Cutting Traffic X X Impacts Air quality X X

Cumulative Noise emissions X X Impacts Air quality emissions X X

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services King William’s Town67 N2 Northern Bypass Road Draft Scoping Report – January 2017 Table 9.3: Issues and impacts identified in the planning and design phase of the proposed development PLANNING AND DESIGN PHASE Issue Impact Significance Further Assessment The existing urban areas and roads could be Impacts on land General EIA impacted on due to the increase in activity on LOW NEGATIVE use All specialists and around the proposed SEZ site. The ecological functioning of the drainage General EIA Disruption to the area and wetland areas may be impacted on MODERATE Aquatic specialist aquatic ecosystem by the proposed SEZ. NEGATIVE Groundwater specialist The proposed SEZ development must comply General EIA Legislative issues LOW to all relevant legislation All specialists

Table 9.4: Issues and impacts identified in the construction phase of the proposed development CONSTRUCTION PHASE Issue Impact Significance Further Assessment The proposed SEZ site has a relatively flat terrain and it is envisaged that minor changes General EIA Impacts on the site to the topography and geology will be Ecological specialist topography, required during the construction phase of the LOW NEGATIVE Aquatic specialist geology and soils SEZ. The soils will be impacted by Groundwater construction activities through the moving, specialist removal, etc. of soil. All relevant legislation must be complied with General EIA Legislative issues during construction of the proposed SEZ LOW All specialists development. The existing urban areas and roads could be Impacts on land General EIA impacted on due to the increase in activity on LOW NEGATIVE use All specialists and around the proposed SEZ site. The construction of the proposed SEZ will General EIA Removal of top soil require the clearing of vegetation which will LOW NEGATIVE Ecological specialist and soil erosion result in exposed soil surfaces. This will Aquatic specialist increase the chances of soil erosion. Materials used during the construction and decommissioning phase of the proposed SEZ, such as fuel from construction vehicles, may result in the pollution of surface and groundwater sources. Operational activities General EIA Impacts on Surface within the proposed SEZ, such as waste from Aquatic specialist and Groundwater HIGH NEGATIVE the light industry, may result in the pollution Groundwater Resources of surface and groundwater sources. specialist Pollution, from litter, general construction waste poor vehicle maintenance and inadequate storage of hazardous materials, may occur due to improper site management During the construction phase there may be impacts on natural vegetation including the Disruption to destruction of or damage to indigenous, the General EIA Terrestrial removal of intact communities, loss of species HIGH NEGATIVE Ecological Assessment Ecosystems of conservation concern (SCC) and/or trees Aquatic Assessment protected in terms of the Forest Act, and the introduction of alien species. The ecological functioning of the drainage General EIA Disruption to area and wetland areas may be impacted on MODERATE Aquatic Assessment Aquatic by the proposed SEZ. NEGATIVE Groundwater Ecosystems specialist

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 68 King William’s Town N2 Northern Bypass Road Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Issue Impact Significance Further Assessment Health and safety aspects will mostly pertain General EIA Health and Safety to activities defined under the Occupational LOW NEGATIVE Noise specialist Health and Safety Act (Act No. 85 of 1993). Air quality specialist Impacts on It is possible that sites of archaeological, Archaeological, paleontological, heritage and/or cultural MODERATE General EIA Paleontological significance are present on or near the NEGATIVE Heritage specialist and/or Cultural proposed development site. Sites Social benefits, including the potential for the General EIA Social benefits provision of employment in the short term BENEFICIAL Social specialist from the project and the utilization of local businesses where Tourism specialist possible. It is anticipated that there will be an increase MODERATE General EIA in noise levels during the construction and NEGATIVE Noise specialist operational phases of the proposed SEZ. As the proposed development lies within the Noise urban edge there are already moderate-high levels of noise within the area and sensitive MODERATE General EIA receptors are relatively far from the site. This NEGATIVE Noise specialist impact considers both biophysical and social impacts. (CUMULATIVE IMPACT) Large construction vehicles will be utilizing the existing road network during the General EIA Traffic construction of the proposed SEZ which could LOW NEGATIVE Traffic specialist impede traffic flow and damage the existing roads Impacts on air quality during the construction phase will primarily result from increased MODERATE General EIA dust levels associated with the required NEGATIVE Air quality specialist excavation, vegetation clearing, grading and Air quality other construction activities. As the proposed development lies within the MODERATE General EIA urban edge there are already air emissions NEGATIVE Air quality specialist within the area (CUMULATIVE IMPACT)

Table 9.5: Issues and impacts identified in the operational phase of the proposed development OPERATIONAL PHASE Issue Impact Significance Further Assessment The ecological functioning of the drainage General EIA Disruption to area and two wetland areas may be impacted MODERATE Aquatic specialist Aquatic on by the proposed SEZ. NEGATIVE Groundwater Ecosystems specialist All relevant legislation must be complied with General EIA Legislative issues during operations of the proposed SEZ LOW All specialists development. Social benefits, including the potential for the General EIA Social benefits provision of employment in the short term BENEFICAL Social specialist from the project and the utilization of local businesses where Tourism specialist possible. The proposed SEZ includes a PV Solar Facility Provision of which would result in the provision of power electricity BENEFICIAL General EIA to the National Grid

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OPERATIONAL PHASE Issue Impact Significance Further Assessment It is anticipated that there will be an increase MODERATE General EIA Noise impacts in noise levels during the operational phases NEGATIVE Noise specialist of the proposed SEZ Additional vehicles will be utilizing the existing and new road network which could General EIA Traffic LOW NEGATIVE impede traffic flow and damage the existing Traffic specialist roads. Ambient air quality could be impacted from MODERATE General EIA Air quality the emissions from the proposed light NEGATIVE Air quality specialist industry within the proposed SEZ.

9.4. Assessment of issues and impacts

All issues and impacts identified in Section 9.2 are assessed according to the assessment matrix as described in Section 9.1 and summarised in Table 9.6 to 9.8 below.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 70 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – January 2017 Figure 9.6: Assessment of impacts during the Planning & Design phase of the proposed Upington SEZ development

IMPACT CAUSE AND COMMENT MITIGATION MEASURES

IMPACT IMPACT IMPACT IMPACT

DEGREE OF DEGREEOF

MITIGATION

ALTERNATIVE

DURATION OF OF DURATION

RESIDUAL RISK RESIDUAL

PROBABILITY OF OF PROBABILITY

REVERSIBILITY & & REVERSIBILITY

SIGNIFICANCE OF OF SIGNIFICANCE

CONSEQUENCE OF OF CONSEQUENCE EXTENT OF IMPACT EXTENTOF

(SIGNIFICANCE WITHOUT MITIGATION) (SIGNIFICANCE WITH MITIGATION)

Environmental Authorization (EA) from the National Proposed SEZ The existing urban areas and roads could be impacted on due to the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) is required LOW Slight Localized Long Term Definite Easily Achievable LOW Impacts on land use Site increase in activity on and around the proposed SEZ site. prior to the construction of the proposed SEZ. Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

The existing urban areas and roads in the vicinity of the proposed SEZ No-Go Option N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A site will not be affected if the proposed SEZ is not constructed.

Proposed SEZ All relevant legislation must be adhered to Legislative requirements Various legislations guide the design for the proposed Upington SEZ LOW Slight Localized Long Term Definite Easily Achievable LOW site Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

Proposed SEZ All relevant legislation must be adhered to Disruption to Aquatic Various legislations guide the design for the proposed Upington SEZ LOW Slight Localized Definite LOW Ecosystems Site Long Term Easily Achievable Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

The ecological functioning of the drainage area and the wetlands has No-Go Option LOW Slight Localized Definite None required LOW been impacted on by pollution on the proposed SEZ site.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services King William’s Town N2 Northern Bypass Road 71 Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Figure 9.7: Assessment of impacts during the Construction phase of the proposed Upington SEZ development

CAUSE AND COMMENT MITIGATION MEASURES

IMPACT IMPACT IMPACT IMPACT

DEGREE OF DEGREEOF

MITIGATION

ALTERNATIVE

DURATION OF OF DURATION

RESIDUAL RISK RESIDUAL

PROBABILITY OF OF PROBABILITY

REVERSIBILITY & & REVERSIBILITY

SIGNIFICANCE OF OF SIGNIFICANCE

CONSEQUENCE OF OF CONSEQUENCE

EXTENT OF IMPACT EXTENTOF PLANNING & DESIGN DESIGN & PLANNING

(SIGNIFICANCE WITHOUT MITIGATION) (SIGNIFICANCE WITH MITIGATION)

Input from specialists must be included into the EIR The proposed SEZ site has a relatively flat terrain and it is envisaged that minor changes to the topography and geology will be required Proposed SEZ during the construction phase of the SEZ. The soils will be impacted by Short Term May Occur Impacts on the site Site topography, geology construction/decommissioning activities through the moving, and soils removal, etc. of soil. LOW Slight Localized Easily Achievable LOW

The topography, geology and soils within the proposed SEZ site have No-Go Option been impacted on by human activity, such as vegetation clearing, Long Term Definite removal of soils and dumping of waste.

Proposed SEZ All relevant legislation must be adhered to Legislative requirements Various legislations guide construction for the proposed Upington SEZ LOW Slight Localized Long Term Definite Easily Achievable LOW site Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

Environmental Authorization (EA) from the National Proposed SEZ The existing urban areas and roads could be impacted on due to the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) is required LOW Slight Localized Long Term Definite Easily Achievable LOW Site increase in activity on and around the proposed SEZ site. prior to the construction of the proposed SEZ. Impacts on land use Input from specialists must be included into the EIR

The existing urban areas and roads in the vicinity of the proposed SEZ No-Go Option N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A site will not be affected if the proposed SEZ is not constructed.

Disturbance and clearing of natural vegetation should be restricted to the demarcated SEZ footprint. The construction of the proposed SEZ will require the clearing of Newly cleared and exposed areas must be promptly Proposed SEZ vegetation which will result in exposed soil surfaces. This will increase rehabilitated with indigenous vegetation to avoid soil Site the chances of soil erosion. erosion. Where necessary, temporary stabilization Removal of top soil and measures must be used until vegetation establishes. LOW Slight Localized Short Term May Occur Easily Achievable LOW soil erosion Appropriate erosion control measures must be implemented and a monitoring program established to ensure that no erosion is taking place. At the first sign of erosion the necessary remedial action must be taken. No-Go Option The proposed SEZ site currently contains areas of erosion. Input from specialists must be included into the EIR

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 72 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

All chemicals must be stored on impermeable surfaces in secure and bunded designated storage areas. Cement must be stored on impermeable storage areas Materials used during the construction and decommissioning phase of protected from the rain and mixed only in designated the proposed SEZ, such as fuel from construction vehicles, may result areas. Cement residue must be cleaned immediately. in the pollution of surface and groundwater sources. Operational Proposed SEZ activities within the proposed SEZ, such as waste from the light HIGH Severe Extensive Long Term Vehicle repairs, servicing, refueling and washing must be MODERATE Site industry, may result in the pollution of surface and groundwater done only in designated areas with impermeable surfaces sources. Pollution, from litter, general construction waste poor vehicle and with appropriately-sized containment bunds and Impacts on Surface and maintenance and inadequate storage of hazardous materials, may grease traps. May Occur Achievable Groundwater Resources occur due to improper site management. Where it is necessary to service, repair or refuel a vehicle in the field drip trays must be used to catch drips, spills and leaks. Spill kits must be available at all locations where hazardous materials are stored, handled or used, and spills must be cleaned immediately in accordance with an established protocol appropriate to the material in question. Litter and areas of household waste dumping were observed on the Medium No-Go Option proposed site due to the openness and accessibility of the site. MODERATE Slight Localized MODERATE Term Input from specialists must be included into the EIR. Although no signs of severe pollution were observed.

Work areas must be clearly demarcated with danger tape so that construction workers limit their impact to these areas alone. In areas to be disturbed, indigenous vegetation and species of special concern must be removed and stored in an on- During the construction phase there may be impacts on natural site nursery area for site rehabilitation. Any necessary vegetation including the destruction of or damage to indigenous, the Proposed SEZ Medium permits (i.e. in accordance with the National Forest Act, removal of intact communities, loss of species of conservation concern May Occur MODERATE Site Term Nature Conservation Ordinance and National (SCC) and/or trees protected in terms of the Forest Act, and the Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act) must be introduction of alien species. obtained prior to the removal of protected and/or threatened species. All construction vehicles must stay on single demarcated access tracks to avoid compaction of soil and roots. Rehabilitation should be undertaken in a progressive Disruption to Terrestrial manner. Re-vegetation of the disturbed areas with HIGH Severe Localized Achievable Ecosystems indigenous material should be undertaken as soon as construction activities have been completed. All alien vegetation must be removed from the proposed site and an alien monitoring program should be initiated to ensure that the site remains clear of all alien vegetation.

There has been damage to the terrestrial ecosystems within the A biophysical study should be done to determine the No-Go Option proposed SEZ, mainly through clearing and the invasion of alien Long Term Definite impact of the proposed SEZ on the fauna and flora on the HIGH species. proposed site and to provide mitigation measures to reduce the possible impact of the proposed SEZ on faunal and floral species. Permits are required from the Department of Forestry (DAFF) prior to the removal of any SCC and/or protected trees. Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 73 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

All chemicals must be stored on impermeable surfaces in secure and bunded designated storage areas situated more than 50m of the watercourse and 500m from the wetlands. Cement must be stored on impermeable storage areas protected from the rain and mixed only in designated areas. Cement residue must be cleaned immediately. Vehicle repairs, servicing, refueling and washing must be done only in designated areas with impermeable surfaces and with appropriately-sized containment bunds and The ecological functioning of the drainage area and two wetland areas grease traps. Proposed SEZ Where it is necessary to service, repair or refuel a vehicle in may be impacted on by the proposed SEZ. MODERATE Severe Moderate May Occur LOW Disruption to Aquatic Site the field drip trays must be used to catch drips, spills and Long Term Easily Achievable Ecosystems leaks and these activities must not take place within 50m of the watercourse and 500m from the wetlands. Spill kits must be available at all locations where hazardous materials are stored, handled or used, and spills must be cleaned immediately in accordance with an established protocol appropriate to the material in question. Authorization from the Department of Water and Sanitation is required prior to any development within 50m from a river or 500m from a wetland. Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

The ecological functioning of the drainage area and the wetlands has No-Go Option LOW Slight Localized Definite None required LOW been impacted on by pollution on the proposed SEZ site.

All aspects of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act Proposed SEZ Health and safety aspects will mostly pertain to activities defined No. 85 of 1993) must be adhered to at all times. Site under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act No. 85 of 1993). Health and Safety LOW Slight Localized Short Term May Occur Easily Achievable Input from specialists must be included into the EIR. LOW

The proposed SEZ site is open and accessible and there is always a risk No-Go Option None required to health and safety.

Should any archaeological or cultural sites or objects be located during the construction of the proposed project, it should immediately be reported to the National Heritage Council. Failure to report a site or object of archaeological and/or cultural significance is a contravention of the National Heritage Act (Act No. 25 of 1999). Proposed SEZ Impacts on Site It is possible that sites of archaeological, paleontological, heritage Archaeological, All construction site staff should be briefed to immediately and/or cultural significance are present on or near the proposed MODERATE Severe Localized Long Term May Occur Easily Achievable LOW Paleontological and/or report any sites or objects, which are located during the development site. Cultural Sites construction of the facility. In the event of finding what appears to be an archaeological site or a cultural and/or historic site or object, work should be terminated to prevent further damage to the sites until a qualified archaeologist or historian can examine the item or find. Input from specialists must be included into the EIR. No-Go Option

Local labour should be utilized where possible and Social benefits, including the potential for the provision of Proposed SEZ MODERATE Moderately Medium construction materials should be sourced from local HIGH employment in the short term and the utilization of local businesses Extensive Definite Easily Achievable Site Beneficial Term businesses where possible. where possible. (Beneficial) (Beneficial) Social benefits from the Input from specialists must be included into the EIR. project

No-Go Option No increases in short term employment. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Proposed SEZ It is anticipated that there will be an increase in noise levels during the Medium Noise Impacts MODERATE Moderate Localized Definite Easily Achievable A noise study should be undertaken to determine the LOW Site construction and operational phases of the proposed SEZ. Term impact that the proposed SEZ will have on the noise levels

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 74 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

on and around the proposed SEZ as well as to provide mitigation measures to minimize the noise impacts. As the proposed SEZ site is within the Upington urban edge, there are No-Go Option LOW Slight Long Term increased noise levels within the proposed SEZ site boundaries Input from the noise specialist must be included into the EIR.

Large construction vehicles will be utilizing the existing road network Proposed SEZ during the construction of the proposed SEZ which could impede Short Term May Occur Site Large construction vehicles must not be permitted to utilize traffic flow and damage the existing roads. public roads during peak hours. Damage to public roads caused by large construction vehicles and construction activities must be repaired immediately. Traffic LOW Slight Localized Easily Achievable LOW National Route N10 is the route between Port Elizabeth – Cradock – Input from specialists must be included into the EIR. Middelburg (EC) – De Aar – Prieska – Upington – Nakop (– Keetmanshoop, Namibia) and National Route N14 is the route No-Go Option Long Term Definite between Springbok – Upington – Vryburg – Krugersdorp – Pretoria. These routes currently receive high volumes of traffic, including heavy trucks which gradually damage the roads.

An air quality study should be undertaken to determine the impact that the proposed SEZ will have on the air quality Impacts on air quality during the construction phase will primarily and to provide mitigation measures to reduce the possible result from increased dust levels associated with the required impacts on air quality. Proposed SEZ Medium excavation, vegetation clearing, grading and other construction Definite Site Term Input from the air quality specialist must be included into activities. During the operational phase this could result from the the EIR. Air Quality emissions from the proposed light industry within the proposed SEZ. MODERATE Moderate Localized Easily Achievable LOW

The proposed SEZ site is situated in the Upington urban edge and the No-Go Option air quality may be affected by the emissions from existing industrial Long Term Definite areas.

CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

A noise study should be undertaken to determine the impact that the proposed SEZ will have on the noise levels Proposed SEZ As the proposed development lies within the urban edge there are on and around the proposed SEZ as well as to provide Site already moderate-high levels of noise within the area and sensitive Medium mitigation measures to minimize the noise impacts. This Noise emissions MODERATE Moderate Localized Definite Easily Achievable LOW receptors are relatively far from the site. This impact considers both Term study should include an indication of the current noise biophysical and social impacts. levels. Input from the noise specialist must be included into the No-Go Option EIR.

An air quality study should be undertaken to determine the Proposed SEZ impact that the proposed SEZ will have on the air quality Site and to provide mitigation measures to reduce the possible As the proposed development lies within the urban edge there are Medium Air emissions MODERATE Moderate Localized Definite Easily Achievable impacts on air quality. This study should include an LOW already air emissions within the area. Term indication of the current air emissions. Input from the air quality specialist must be included into No-Go Option the EIR.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 75 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – January 2017 Figure 9.8: Assessment of impacts during the Operational phase of the proposed Upington SEZ development

CAUSE AND COMMENT MITIGATION MEASURES

IMPACT IMPACT IMPACT IMPACT

DEGREE OF DEGREEOF

MITIGATION

ALTERNATIVE

DURATION OF OF DURATION

RESIDUAL RISK RESIDUAL

PROBABILITY OF OF PROBABILITY

REVERSIBILITY & & REVERSIBILITY

SIGNIFICANCE OF OF SIGNIFICANCE

CONSEQUENCE OF OF CONSEQUENCE

EXTENT OF IMPACT EXTENTOF PLANNING & DESIGN DESIGN & PLANNING

(SIGNIFICANCE WITHOUT MITIGATION) (SIGNIFICANCE WITH MITIGATION)

50m of the watercourse and 500m from the wetlands.

Spill kits must be available at all locations where hazardous materials are stored, handled or used, and spills must be cleaned immediately in accordance with an established protocol appropriate to the material in question. Authorization from the Department of Water and Sanitation is required prior to any development within 50m from a river or 500m from a wetland. Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

The ecological functioning of the drainage area and the wetlands has No-Go Option LOW Slight Localized Definite None required LOW been impacted on by pollution on the proposed SEZ site.

Local labor should be utilized where possible and Social benefits, including the potential for the provision of Proposed SEZ MODERATE Moderately Medium construction materials should be sourced from local HIGH employment in the short term and the utilization of local businesses Extensive Definite Easily Achievable Site Beneficial Term businesses where possible. Social benefits from the where possible. (Beneficial) (Beneficial) project Input from specialists must be included into the EIR.

No-Go Option No increases in short term employment. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Proposed SEZ The proposed SEZ includes a PV Solar Facility which would result in the HIGH Highly Medium HIGH Provision of electricity Extensive Definite - None required Site provision of power to the National Grid (Beneficial) Beneficial Term (Beneficial)

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services King William’s Town N2 Northern Bypass Road 76 Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

No increases in power to the National Grid could lead to a shortage of Medium No-Go Option MODERATE Severe Extensive May Occur Difficult None Available MODERATE power and load shedding. Term

Proposed SEZ It is anticipated that there will be an increase in noise levels during the Medium A noise study should be undertaken to determine the MODERATE Moderate Site operational phases of the proposed SEZ. Term impact that the proposed SEZ will have on the noise levels on and around the proposed SEZ as well as to Noise Impacts Localized Definite Easily Achievable provide mitigation measures to minimize the noise LOW impacts. As the proposed SEZ site is within the Upington urban edge, there are No-Go Option LOW Slight Long Term increased noise levels within the proposed SEZ site boundaries Input from the noise specialist must be included into the EIR.

Proposed SEZ Additional vehicles will be utilizing the existing and new road network Large construction vehicles must not be permitted to Short Term May Occur Site which could impede traffic flow and damage the existing roads. utilize public roads during peak hours. Damage to public roads caused by large construction vehicles and construction activities must be repaired immediately. Traffic LOW Slight Localized Easily Achievable Input from specialists must be included into the EIR. LOW National Route N10 is the route between Port Elizabeth – Cradock – Middelburg (EC) – De Aar – Prieska – Upington – Nakop (– Keetmanshoop, Namibia) and National Route N14 is the route No-Go Option Long Term Definite between Springbok – Upington – Vryburg – Krugersdorp – Pretoria. These routes currently receive high volumes of traffic, including heavy trucks which gradually damage the roads.

An air quality study should be undertaken to determine Proposed SEZ Ambient air quality could be impacted from the emissions from the Medium the impact that the proposed SEZ will have on the air Definite Site proposed light industry within the proposed SEZ. Term quality and to provide mitigation measures to reduce the possible impacts on air quality. Air Quality MODERATE Moderate Localized Easily Achievable LOW Input from the air quality specialist must be included into the EIR.

The proposed SEZ site is situated in the Upington urban edge and the No-Go Option air quality may be affected by the emissions from existing industrial Long Term Definite areas.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 77 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 10. PLAN OF STUDY FOR EIA PHASE

In terms of Section APPENDIX 2(2) of the EIA Regulations (2014), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation process to be undertaken through the environmental impact assessment process, and must include: h) a plan of study for undertaking the environmental impact assessment process to be undertaken, including– (i) a description of the alternatives to be considered and assessed within the preferred site, including the option of not proceeding with the activity.; (ii) a description of the aspects to be assessed as part of the environmental impact assessment process; (iii) aspects to be assessed by specialists; (iv) a description of the proposed method of assessing the environmental impacts, including aspects to be assessed by specialists; (v) a description of the proposed method of assessing duration and significance; (vi) an indication of the stages at which the competent authority will be consulted; (vii) particulars of the public participation process that will be conducted during the environmental impact assessment process; and (viii) a description of the tasks that will be undertaken as part of the environmental impact assessment process; (ix) identify suitable measures to avoid, reverse, mitigate or manage identified impacts and to determine the extent of the residual risks that need to be manages and monitored.

In line with the above-mentioned legislative requirement, this Chapter sets out the Plan of Study (PoS) for the EIA phase of the assessment. Consultation with DEA will be on going throughout this EIA. However, it is anticipated that DEA will provide relevant comment with respect to the adequacy of this Plan of Study for the EIA, as it informs the content of the EIR and sufficiency thereof.

10.1. Specific challenges to the EIA Phase

The specific challenges to the proposed SEZ, as a development within the Upington urban edge, are the following possible impacts:

 Impacts on the topography, geology and soils;  Impacts on the current land uses;  Removal of top soil and soil erosion;  Impacts on surface and groundwater resources;  Impacts on terrestrial ecosystems;  Impacts on aquatic ecosystems;  Impacts on health and safety;  Impacts on archaeological, paleontological and cultural sites;  Impacts on the flow of traffic;  Noise emissions; and  Air quality emissions.

10.2. Scope and Intent of the EIA Phase

The following aspects in Section 10.1 above will be assessed as part of the EIA process, although it is assumed that additional impacts will be raised by I&APs, the EAP and/or the specialist consultants, and these will also be assessed.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 78 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 10.2.1. Specialist Studies

The specialist studies include the specialist assessments identified in the Scoping Report and any additional studies required by the authorities. This requires the appointment of specialists to gather baseline information in their fields of expertise, and to assess the possible impacts and make recommendations to mitigate negative impacts and optimise benefits. The resulting information is synthesised into the Environmental Impact Report (EIR).

The following specialist studies will be conducted:

• Ecological & Biodiversity Impact Assessment; • Surface-water & Wetland Impact Assessment; • Groundwater Impact Assessment • Heritage Impact Assessment • Social and Tourism Impact Assessment. • Geotechnical Assessment • Noise Impact Assessment • Air Quality Impact Assessment • Traffic Impact Assessment • Agricultural Assessment • Visual Assessment

10.2.2. Ecological and Biodiversity Impact Assessment (EOH: Mr Roy de Kock)

An Ecological and Biodiversity Impact Assessment will be required to assess the sensitivity of the fauna and flora within the boundaries of the SEZ as well as the surrounding areas.

The Ecological Impact Assessment will include the following main tasks:

 Assess the conservation value of the various ecological habitats in the area, in order to assess the significance of habitat loss on faunal groups as a result of the development.  Define and map faunal habitats that are sensitive and require conservation. These may need to be defined as No-Go or Restricted Development areas.  Carry out two rapid surveys to assess the diversity of amphibian, reptile, bird and mammal species in the area, in summer and winter meet Provincial Authority expectations.  Identify the main animal communities associated with the plant communities (amphibian, mammals, birds, and reptiles).  Identify any rare or endangered faunal species that require consideration in the conservation programme.  Assess the extent of alien faunal species over the site, and associated risks of alien invasion as a result of the SEZ project.  Describe the impacts of current land use, so that the potential impacts from the development on the natural environment can be understood in this context.  Place the project area within the biodiversity context of the region.  Provide a sensitivity map of the concession area in order for the proponent to better place the layout of the project’s infrastructure.  To address all issues and concerns raised by IAPs during the scoping phase.  Determine the impacts of the construction and operation of the proposed development on the faunal biodiversity in the area.  The significance of the potential impacts and benefits will be assessed using the EOH-CES methodology. Any predictions will need to include the confidence in the impacts occurring, and the significance of these impacts occurring on the local fauna.  Provide recommendations and mitigation measures that will reduce negative impacts on the local ecology and optimize conservation benefits.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 79 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

10.2.3. Groundwater Impact Assessment (Exigo 3)

A Groundwater Impact Assessment will be required as part of the Water Use License requirements/

The Groundwater Impact Assessment will include the following:  Desk study and review of existing groundwater baseline information and national groundwater archive (NGA) data.  Site visit to evaluate the site status and validate groundwater and surface water information.  Fatal flaw and gap analyses.  Hydrocensus user survey to evaluate the existing groundwater uses, community borehole locations and depths, regional water levels, abstraction volumes, environmental receptors as well as local springs.  Sampling of existing boreholes according to best practise guidelines and analyses of ten (10) water samples to determine the macro and micro chemistry (analyses at SANAS accredited laboratory).  Data interpretation aiding in aquifer classification and vulnerability ratings. Development of a scientifically defendable hydrochemical baseline.  "Compilation of a detailed hydrogeological specialist investigation report with conclusions and recommendations on the following aspects:  Fatal flaw and gap analyses.  Site baseline characterisation.  Aquifer classification and vulnerability rating.  Field work summary and interpretations.  Evaluation of alternatives.  Environmental impact assessment and risk matrix.  Mitigation and management measures.  Groundwater management.  Compilation of a water monitoring protocol.

10.2.4. Heritage Impact Assessment (Exigo 3)

As part of the EIA for the proposed development, it is necessary to undertake a Phase 1 archaeological and historical survey to fulfil requirements in accordance with the National Heritage Resources Act (25 of 1999). The National Heritage Resources Act requires that “…any development or other activity which will change the character of a site exceeding 5 000 m², or the rezoning or change of land use of a site exceeding 10 000 m², requires an archaeological impact assessment”

A heritage impact assessment will therefore be conducted, the primary objective of which is to determine whether there are any indications that the proposed site is of heritage significance. This assessment will be a Phase 1 assessment and will be largely desk-top although a site visit will be required to afford the specialist an opportunity to look for significant artefacts on the surface of the site. It is not expected that a more detailed Phase 2 assessment will be required but this remains to be confirmed. The report, along with the EIA documentation will be submitted to the Eastern Cape Provincial Heritage Resources Agency (ECPHRA) for their comment prior to submission of the final reports to the DEA.

The terms of reference for the Phase 1 heritage study will be to:

 Provide a description of archaeological artefacts, structures (including graves) and settlements, which may be expected in the project areas;  Provide a cultural context and provenience for archaeological artefacts, structures (including graves) and settlements in the project area and in the surrounding landscape by means of a detailed desktop background study;  Assess the nature and degree of significance of such resources within the areas;  Establish heritage informants/constraints through establishing thresholds of impact significance;

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 80 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

 Assess any possible developmental impacts, present and future, on the archaeological and historical remains within the larger landscape;  Propose possible heritage management measures for following phases of heritage mitigation and management.  Review possible heritage studies conducted as part of a previous EIA for the project that has now expired, incorporate findings in such studies in the AIA subject to this proposal.  Liaise and consult with the relevant Heritage Resources authority with regards to the site investigation.

10.2.5. Air Quality Impact Assessment (Airshed)

An Air Quality Impact Assessment will be required. The Air Quality Impact Assessment will comprise the following:

Legislative and Assessment Criteria Review

 A review of all air quality related legislation with specific reference to:  The South African National Environmental Management Air Quality Act (NEMAQA) (Act no. 39 of 2004) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Minimum Emission Standards.  Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) for criteria and non-criteria pollutants as published by the World Health Organisation (WHO).  Inhalation reference concentrations (RfCs) for non-criteria pollutants as published by the United Stated Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).

Baseline Air Quality Characterisation

 Procuring on-site or modelled MM5 meteorological data for a 3 year period i.e. 2013, 2014 and  Analysis of meteorological, topographical and land-use data to determine atmospheric dispersion potential and preparation of data for dispersion model input.  Analysis of readily available ambient air quality and project data including design, monitoring and modelled data.

Air quality Impact Assessment

 Identification and quantification of all sources of emission associated with the Project by referring to Project design parameters and emission factors published by the US EPA and Australian National Pollutant Inventory (NPI).  Emissions inventory will include particulate and gaseous pollutants.  Atmospheric dispersion modelling though the application of the US EPA AERMOD model to determine ground level particulate and gaseous concentrations; and dustfall rates.  Compliance and impact assessment by comparing predicted ground level concentrations and dustfall rates to the relevant air quality criteria.  The development of an air quality management and mitigation plan based on the findings of compliance and impact assessment.

Deliverables

 A specialist air quality impact assessment report will be prepared.

10.2.6. Socio-economic and Tourism Impact Assessment (EOH: Ms Nande Suka and Ms Rosalie Evans)

The nature of the proposed project deems it necessary to conduct a Socio-economic and Tourism Impact Assessment. This process will include:

 The provision of a detailed description of the socio-economic environment in and around the project area.  Analysis the potential impacts of the proposed project.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 81 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

 Provision of guidelines for limiting or mitigating negative impacts and optimising benefits.

The specific terms of reference are as follows:

 Describe the local social environment, with particular reference to the possible labour-sending communities.  Determine the current land-use patterns of the development area and the areas outside of the development boundary that are likely to be affected.  Assess the significance of potential environmental and social impacts on the local populace and the district.  Evaluate how the project could contribute to Local Economic Development (LED) in line with the Integrated Development Plans (LED) of the local and district municipalities.  Establish a baseline understanding of current state of livelihoods, income sources, education levels and food security.  Investigate possible effects on livelihoods, income levels, education levels, food security and other factors relevant to the affected communities.  Consultation with stakeholders should be done in such a way as to contribute to the formulation of the mine’s Social and Labour Plan (SLP).  Develop a monitoring programme to ensure effective implementation of the recommended mitigation measures.

The goal of the tourism assessment would be to determine the following:

 Impacts of the proposed Solar SEZ on existing tourism products (positive and negative)  Opportunities for creating new tourism products.

An assessment of the tourism industry status quo will be conducted including:

 Identify other similar projects and impacts on tourism  Based on our experience with other similar projects  Review and analyse available tourism statistics for the local area and region  Determine from site visits: the type tourist facility, natural and/or man-made attractions in or near the area  Conduct a survey of tourism facilities in the area such as hotels, resorts, guesthouses, bed and breakfast establishments, attractions, conference and function venues and a survey of existing attractions and activity providers in the Upington area.  Identify and describe relevant case studies

10.2.7. Surface Water and Wetland Impact Assessment (EOH: Ms Caitlin Smith)

A Surface Water and Wetland Impact Assessment will be undertaken. The following will be conducted as part of the study:

 A Background review (desktop) of the affected quaternary catchment and the affected water resources, with regard to benthic macro-invertebrates.  Derivation of a reference condition in terms of macro-invertebrates.  Field survey of the invertebrates at the site of relevance, following methods in standard use by DWS and the SA River Health Programme.  Habitat assessment.  Assessment of the various activities involved in the construction of the SEZ and associated infrastructure and their potential impacts on water courses within the area;  Derivation of the Present Ecological State (PES) of water courses in close proximity to the site.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 82 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

 Derivation of the Ecological Importance and Sensitivity (EIS) of water courses in close proximity to the site.  Development of a set of mitigation measures to address the potential impacts on water courses in close proximity to the site.  Ensuring that the study dealt with the issues raised during scoping.  The significance of the potential impacts and benefits were assessed using the methodology prescribed by EOH-CES.  Providing recommendations and mitigation measures.  The Surface Water Assessment should also contain a Water Use License Application.

The scope of work for wetland assessment will be as follows:

 Delineating the wetland areas including appropriate buffer zones.  Assess the functionality of the wetlands, by following the Water Research Commission Wet-Health Level 1 procedure.  Determine the conservation value.  Identify any rare or endangered species that require consideration.  Defining and map No-Go and Restricted Development areas and overlaying these with the development layout plans.  The study reviewed the proposed layout of the development and compared it to the wetland sensitivity maps. Any conflicts or areas that may be impacted will need were noted and assessed.  Ensuring that the study dealt with the issues raised during scoping.  The significance of the potential impacts and benefits were assessed using the methodology prescribed by EOH-CES.  Providing recommendations and mitigation measures.

10.2.8. Traffic Assessment (Emonti)

A Traffic Assessment will be required. The Traffic Impact Assessment will comply with the guidelines as specified in the “South African Traffic Impact and Site Traffic Assessment Manual, Volumes 1and 2 (TMH16) August 2012”.

The Traffic Impact Assessment will address/include the following:

 Status quo of the traffic on the surrounding road network. This is to include traffic volumes, public transport, non-motorised transport, traffic safety, etc. Traffic counts will cover at least the two weekday peak periods.  The impact of both existing and planned developments in the study area.  Liaison with the professional team regarding the proposal and providing input on possible amendment that would be beneficial to the development. These will include aspects such as road network, intersection spacing, traffic calming, pedestrian facilities, public transport routes and stops, access to the development, etc.  The following analyses are to be conducted as part of the existing and future scenarios to be evaluated:  Base year.  Base year, plus generated traffic.  Five year design year- no generated traffic.  Five year design year- with generated traffic.  Relevant scenarios with required road improvement, if necessary.  Include all the finding of the study and will include concept sketches of the proposed improvements required to address the development

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 83 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 10.2.9. Noise Impact Assessment (EAR)

A noise Impact Assessment will be conducted where the following will be undertaken:

Baseline Noise Levels (to be implemented within the ENIA report):

1. Review of available information and previous studies, discussions with Environmental Health HoD (or relevant authority). 2. The identification of potential noise-sensitive receptors using available information (GoogleEarth, EIA’s in Public Domain), supported by a site visit (during the field work phase). 3. Determination the ambient sound/noise levels via acoustical measurements. Measurements will include wind speed, temperature and humidity. It will include the semi-continuous measurements of ambient sound/noise levels (in 10-minute bins) at app. 2 - 4 location(s) (considered potentially noise- sensitive) per site over a period of app. 12 – 48 hours (some measurements may only be singular 10 min. bins). Noise descriptors such as LAeq, LA90, LAmax, LAmin as well as spectral frequencies will be measured. For reference to the South African guidelines/regulations the Impulse setting measured data will be assessed. For International guidelines/regulations the Fast setting will be made use of.

Environmental Noise Impact Assessment Report:

1. The LAeq measurements as obtained will be compared to the SANS 10103:2008 Rating level, South African Noise Control legislation GN R154, IFC noise guidelines for a residential areas and land use and World Health Organisation criteria (WHO). 2. Detailed Noise Propagation modelling with a worst-case construction and operational scenarios will be investigated (SANS 10328 recommendation). As the industrial component of the re-zoning areas will not be known, the focus of the study will surround around external noise sources at industrial facilities with the capacity to generate loud noise. These will include external induction fans, ventilation shafts, roads and construction activities etc. A conceptual model will identify areas whereby various mitigation options regarding design specifications or buffer areas can be recommended. 3. The resulting total future predicted sound levels for the construction and operational phase will be projected on an aerial image. 4. The compilation of an Environmental Noise Impact Assessment (criteria as per SANS 10328:2008 South African guideline), including findings and mitigation options (if relevant). An electronic copy per report will be supplied to the main consultant.

10.2.10. Agricultural impact assessment (Mr Roy de Kock)

Comment will be received from a qualified agricultural specialist on the requirement to conduct an assessment of the agricultural environment an part of the EIA process.

10.2.11. Visual impact assessment (Dr Alan Carter)

Comment will be received from a qualified visual specialist on the requirement to conduct an assessment of the agricultural environment an part of the EIA process

10.3. Environmental Impact Report (EIR)

The main purpose of this report is to gather and evaluate environmental information, so as to provide sufficient supporting arguments to evaluate overall impacts, consider mitigation measures and alternative options, and make a valued judgement in choosing the best development alternative. The EIR is made available for public and authority review. The availability of the report is advertised in the local newspaper and is situated at an easily accessible location.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 84 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 10.4. Issues and Response Trail

The issues and response trial consists of the compilation of comments, issues and concerns raised by I&APs and the authorities as well as the relevant responses to these comments.

10.5. Environmental Management Programme (EMPr)

The EMPr informs the client and the technical team of the guidelines which will need to be followed during construction to ensure that there are no lasting or cumulative negative impacts of the construction process on the environment.

 The standards and guidelines that must be achieved in terms of environmental legislation.  Mitigation measures and environmental specifications which must be implemented for all phases of the project in order to minimise the extent of environmental impacts, to manage environmental impacts and where possible to improve the condition of the environment.  Provide guidance through method statements that are required to be implemented to achieve the environmental specifications.  Define corrective action that must be taken in the event of non-compliance with the specifications of the EMPr.  Prevent long-term or permanent environmental degradation.

In addition to this, the Public Participation Process (PPP) is continued. As for the Scoping Phase, opportunity is provided for I&APs to voice concerns and issues regarding the project. At this stage the project details may have changed in response to the preliminary findings of the Draft Scoping Report. I&APs and key stakeholders are also given the opportunity to review the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) before it is submitted to the authorities.

10.6. Environmental Authorisation and Appeals Process

Upon thorough examination of the EIR, the authority will either issue an Environmental Authorisation (EA), which either authorises the project or refuses it. Should authorisation be granted, it usually carries Conditions of Approval. The proponent is obliged to adhere to these conditions. Once the authorisation has been issued, it is publicised and the public are given 20 calendar days from the issuing of the authorisation to lodge an appeal with the authorities.

10.7. The Public Participation Process

10.7.1. Public Review Of The Draft Scoping Report (DSR)

All I&APs on the Register of I&APs will be notified in writing of the availability of the DSR for public review. The notification letter will provide details of the 30-day public comment period, the venues and websites where the report could be viewed, the contact details of the PPP consultant and how written comments on the DSR should be submitted, and details of the public meeting to present the DSR.

10.7.2. Public Review of the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR)

All I&APs on the Register of I&APs will be notified in writing of the availability of the DEIR for public review. The notification letter will provide details of the 30-day public comment period, the venues and websites where the report can be viewed, the contact details of the PPP consultant and how written comments on the DEIR should be submitted, and details of the public meeting to present the DEIR.

10.7.3. Notification of Environmental Authorisation (EA)

Advertisements announcing the Environmental Authorisation will be placed in the same regional and local newspapers used to announce the project and the EIA. The adverts will be placed in the Daily Dispatch. The

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 85 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 adverts will inform I&APs of the decision and where the decision can be accessed and will draw their attention to their right to appeal the decision and set out the appeal procedures.

10.8. Environmental Impact Report (EIR)

The Specialist Studies described in Section 10.2 will inform the EIR. In addition, the EIR will gather any comments received from I&APs and determine whether it is necessary to increase the scope of work or amend the Terms of Reference for the specialists. The EIR will examine the ‘No-Go’ alternative along with the proposed development, as required in the EIA regulations.

10.8.1. Structure of the EIA Report

In broad terms, the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) will have the following Table of Contents:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS

1. Introduction 2. Brief Description of The Proposed Project 3. Environmental Impact Assessment process 4. Activities triggering the EIA process 5. The environmental study team 6. The environmental assessment process followed 7. Structure of the Report

PART TWO: THE PROPOSED SEZ

1 Project Overview 2 Alternatives 3 Technical Description of Preferred Options

PART THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

1. The Natural Environment 2. Socio-Economic Environment 3. The Policy, Legal And Administrative Environment

PART FOUR: ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEZ DEVELOPMENT

1. Impacts Associated with the SEZ 2. Conclusion

PART FIVE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

10.9. Methodology for assessing the significance of impacts (Including Specialist Studies)

The methodology will be similar as described in Section 9.1.1 of this report.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 86 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 11. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

11.1. Summary of the project description

The proposed project entails the development of 440ha of land located north of Upington, Northern Cape as a new SEZ as well as the provision of bulk and internal services (electricity, water, sewer and road/street infrastructure) within the SEZ. Electricity for the new SEZ will be provided through the development of a new PV Facility with an output of up to 50MW, located on 72 hectares within the SEZ while water will be provided from the existing municipal services in Upington. A new onsite Waste Water Treatment (WWTP) is also being proposed. The development will occur in six (6) phases with Phase 1 already approved.

Three location alternatives as well as two technology alternatives for the new WWTW is being proposed. The onsite plant (Option 3) is considered as the preferred layout alternative.

11.2. Preliminary environmental sensitivity analysis

The following table indicates the sensitive environments identified within the SEZ and surrounding areas and allocate a sensitivity level to it. Nost of the site is considered as low sensitivity with small wetland areas within the area considered as high. No moderate areas were identified within the SEZ site although areas surrounding the site (close to the Orange River) have moderate sensitivity.

Table 11.1: Sensitive features of the SEZ and the surrounding area

Alternative Bypass Road Route Type of Moderate Sensitivity Type of High Sensitivity

Rivers (including 32m buffer) Azonal Lower Gariep Alluvial SEZ and surrounds Wetlands (including 500m Vegetation (Endangered) buffer)

The SEZ area (including the solar PV site within the SEZ) will be assessed in full detail during the EIA report phase as well as any sensitive areas and features that are identified by any of the other specialists during their assessments of the area.

11.3. Fatal flaws

Even though small pockets of highly sensitive areas were identified within the SEZ study site, these areas are not considered to represent a fatal flaw.

11.4. Recommendations

It is recommended that the following form part of the EIR phase:

 Public Participation  Specialist studies  Consultation with I&APs regarding possible significance of impacts and suitable mitigation measures.  Evaluation of impacts prior to mitigation.  Compilation of mitigation measures.  Evaluation of impacts after mitigation.  Provision of an opinion as to whether or not the activity should be authorised.  Compilation of an environmental impact statement.  Compilation of a draft Environmental Management Programme (EMPr).

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 87 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 APPENDICE A - SACNASP & EAPSA REGISTRATION

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 88 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 APPENDIX B: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

SITE NOTICES

Copy of site notice placed onsite: NOTICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Notice is hereby given in terms of Regulation 41(2) published in GN R. 982 under Chapter 5 of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (No. 107 of 1998) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (2014) of the intention to apply for environmental authorization from both the national Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) for the Solar Facility as well as the provincial Department of Environment and Nature Conservation (DENC, Northern Cape) for the SEZ. The process will also include the submission of Water Use License Applications to the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) as regulated by the National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998). Proponent, Project Activities and Location: The Northern Cape Economic Development, Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (NCEDA) is proposing the rezoning of 440ha of land located north of Upington, Northern Cape for the development of a new SEZ as well as the provision of bulk and internal services (electricity, water, sewer and road/street infrastructure) within the SEZ including a new Solar Energy Facility located on 72ha within the SEZ with an electricity output of over 20MW. The proposed project requires a FULL SCOPING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) due to the following activity listed in terms of GN R. 984 (15): The clearance of an area of 20 hectares or more of indigenous vegetation and GN R. 984 (1): The development of facilities or infrastructure for the generation of electricity from a renewable resource where the electricity output in 20 MW or more.

For more information, registration as an I&AP or submission of written comments contact by post, phone, fax or e-mail: Mr. Roy de Kock: PO Box 8145, Nahoon, 5210 Tel: 043 726 7809 | Fax: 043 726 8352 | e-mail: [email protected] KENNISGEWING VAN OMGEWINGSAKE IMPAKSTUDIE

Kennis work hiermee gegee ingevolge Regulasie 41(2) van die Omgewings Impak Regulasies (2014) gepubliseer in Staatskennisgewing 982 onder Hoofstuk 5 van die Nasionale Wet op Omgewingsbestuur (Wet 107 of 1998) van die intensie om aansoek te doen vir omgewings goedkeuring van beide die Nasionale Departement van Omgewingsake vir die konstruksie van n nuwe sonkragaanleg en die Provinsiale Departement van Omgewingsbestuur en Natuurbeskerming (Noord Kaap) vir n nuwe Spesiale Ontwikkelingsone (SO) in Upington, Noord Kaap. Die proses sluit n aansoek vir watergebruik van die Departement van Water en Sanitasie in, soos gereguleer deur die Nasionale Water Wet (Wet 36 of 1998).

Projekinligting: Die Noord Kaapse Ekonomiese Ontwikkelings Agentskap (of die Northern Cape Economic Development, Trade and Investment Promotion Agency; NCEDA) stel die hersonering van 440ha land noord van Upington, Noord Kaap voor vir die ontwikkeling van n nuwe SO wat beide grootmaat en interne dieste insluit (elektriseteit, water, pad infrastruktuur en riool). Insluitend hierin is n nuwe sonkragaanleg met n uitvoervermoe van 20MW, wat op 72ha grond binne die SO gelee gaan wees. Die voorgestelde projek vereis n Volledige Omgewingsinvloedbepalingsproses as gevolg van die volgende gelyste aktiwiteite soos voorgeskryf in Staatskennisgewing 984, aktiwiteit 15: Die skoonmaak van 'n gebied van 20 hektaar of meer van inheemse plantegroei; en Staatskennisgewing 984, aktiwiteit 1: Die ontwikkeling van fasiliteite of infrastruktuur vir die opwekking van elektrisiteit uit hernubare hulpbronne waar die elektrisiteit produksie 20 MW of meer is.

Ten einde meer inligting te bekom en om op die projek se databasis the registreer , verstrek asseblief u naam, kontakbesonderhede en belang by die projek aan: Mr. Roy de Kock: Posbus 8145, Nahoon, 5210 Tel: 043 726 7809 | Faks: 043 726 8352 | epos: [email protected]

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 89 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Proof of site notices placed onsite:

VISIBLE SIGNAGE NEAR THE PROPOSED SITE Coordinates: 32°51'13.05" S ; 27°25'55.75" E Coordinates: 32°53'27.54" S ; 27°24'15.20" E

Coordinates: 32°53'14.64" S ; 27°25'37.85" E Coordinates: 32°53'14.64" S ; 27°25'37.85" E

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 90 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT

Copy of newspaper advert placed:

NOTICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND INVITATION TO REGISTER AS AN I&AP Proposed development of a new Special Economic Zone (SEZ) including a Solar Energy Facility in Upington, Northern Cape

Notice is hereby given in terms of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act No. 107 of 1998) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (2014) GN 982, Section 41(2), of the intention to apply for two separate environmental authorizations from both the national Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) for the Solar Facility as well as the provincial Department of Environment and Nature Conservation (DENC, Northern Cape) for the SEZ. The process will also include the submission of Water Use License Applications to the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) as regulated by the National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998).

Proponent, Project Activities and Location: The Northern Cape Economic Development, Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (NCEDA) is proposing the rezoning of 440ha of land located north of Upington, Northern Cape for the development of a new SEZ as well as the provision of bulk and internal services (electricity, water, sewer and road/street infrastructure) within the SEZ including a new Solar Energy Facility located on 72ha within the SEZ with an electricity output of up to 20MW.

Listed Activities: A FULL SCOPING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT is triggered by the following Listing Notice 2 activities:

GN R. 984 (15): The clearance of an area of 20 hectares or more of indigenous vegetation. GN R 984 (1): The development of facilities or infrastructure for the generation of electricity from a renewable resource where the electricity output in 20 MW or more.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services has been commissioned by the proponent to undertake the EIA. You are hereby invited to register as an Interested & Affected Party (I&AP).

An initial PUBLIC MEETING for the proposed development will be held on: Date: 17th November 2016 Time: 17h30 Venue: BVI Offices, 55 Bult Street, Upington

For more information, registration as an I&AP and/or submission of written comments contact by post, phone, fax or e-mail: Mr Roy de Kock: PO Box 8145, East London, 5210 Tel: 043 726 7809 | Fax: 043 726 8352 | E-mail: [email protected]

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 91 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

KENNISGEWING VAN OMGEWINGSAKE IMPAKSTUDIE EN UITNODIGING OM TE REGISTREER AS 'N B & GP

Voorgestelde ontwikkeling van 'n nuwe Spesiale Ekonomiese Sone (SES), insluitend 'n sonkragaanleg in Upington, Noord Kaap

Gelyste Aktiwiteite: Die voorgestelde projek vereis n Volledige Omgewingsinvloedbepalingsproses as gevolg van die volgende gelyste aktiwiteite soos voorgeskryf in Staatskennisgewing 984, aktiwiteit 15: Die skoonmaak van 'n gebied van 20 hektaar of meer van inheemse plantegroei; en Staatskennisgewing 984, aktiwiteit 1: Die ontwikkeling van fasiliteite of infrastruktuur vir die opwekking van elektrisiteit uit hernubare hulpbronne waar die elektrisiteit produksie 20 MW of meer is.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services is in opdrag van die proponent on n OIE te onderneem. U word hiermee uitgenooi om te registreer as 'n Belanghebbende en Geaffekteerde Party (B & GP).

'N aanvanklike openbare vergadering vir die voorgestelde ontwikkeling sal gehou word op:

Datum: 17de November 2016 Tyd: 17h30 Lokaal: BVI Kantore, 55 Bult Straat, Upington

Ten einde meer inligting te bekom en om op die projek se databasis the registreer , verstrek asseblief u naam, kontakbesonderhede en belang by die projek aan: Mnr. Roy de Kock: Posbus 8145, Nahoon, 5210 Tel: 043 726 7809 | Faks: 043 726 8352 | epos: [email protected]

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 92 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Proof of placement:

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 93 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT (BID) THAT WAS CIRCULATED TO INTEREST AND AFFECTED PARTIES/STAKEHOLDERS

BIDs send to Landowners, Stakeholders and I&AP on the 8th June 2016

BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT AND INVITATION TO COMMENT

Development of a new Special Economic Zone (including a Solar Energy Facility) in Upington, Northern Cape Province

AIM OF THIS DOCUMENT The aim of this Background Information Document (BID) is to provide people affected by and interested in the proposed project with information about this project, the process being followed and to provide them with an opportunity to be involved in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

The findings of the EIA for the current project will be submitted to the both the National Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) for the Solar Energy Facility as well as the Northern Cape Department of Environmental and Nature Conservation (DENC) for the Special Economic Zone development, for a final decision as to whether or not the project should go ahead and if so under what conditions.

Return address for comments: EOH Coastal & Environmental Services Mr Roy de Kock 25 Tecoma Street, Berea P.O Box 8145, Nahoon, 5210 Tel: (043) 726 7809 Fax: (043) 726 8352 Cel: 076 281 9660 Email: [email protected]

BACKGROUND The Northern Cape Economic Development, Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (NCEDA) has appointed EOH Coastal & Environmental Services (EOH) to obtain Environmental Authorisation (EA) for the development of a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) which will include a Solar Energy Facility as well as other industrial and commercial development in Upington located in the Northern Cape Province. The SEZ development will require an EA from Provincial DENC while the Solar Energy Facility will require a separate EA from National DEA, as required by South Africa’s environmental legislation. It was decided that the two processes will be seperated in order to obtain two separate EAs. Details of the relevant laws and an overview of the two EIA processes are provided on the next page.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed project entails the development of 440ha of land located north of Upington, Northern Cape as a new SEZ as well as the provision of bulk and internal services (electricity, water, sewer and road/street infrastructure) within the SEZ (Figure 1). Electricity for the new SEZ will be provided through the development of a new Photo Voltaic Solar Plant (PV) with an output of over 20MW, located on 72 hectares within the SEZ (Figure 2) while other bulk services (water and sewage) will be upgraded from the existing services in Upington. The development will occur in six (6) phases with Phase 1 already approved.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 94 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 RELEVANT LEGISLATION Government Notice R. 982 in terms of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA, Act No. 107 of 1998) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (updated in 2014) identifies activities, which may not commence without an EA from the relevant competent authority (DEA & DENC). The current SEZ and Solar Energy Facility require that two separate Full Scoping and EIA’s are carried out for the proposed activities. In order to apply for authorisation for the development, the assessment and communication of potential impacts of activities must follow the procedure as described in Appendix 2 and Appendix 3 of the EIA Regulations (2014). The process will also include the submission of a Water Use License Application to the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) as regulated by the National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998).

Figure 1: Location of the proposed SEZ development in Upington, Northern Cape.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 95 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington

Figure 2: Layout of the proposed SEZ development in Upington, Northern Cape.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services King William’s Town96 N2 Northern Bypass Road

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PRACTITIONER EOH Coastal and Environmental Services (EOH) was established in 1990 as a specialist environmental consulting company and has considerable experience in terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecology, the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) process, State of Environment Reporting (SOER), Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMP), Environmental Management Programme (EMPr), Spatial Development Frameworks (SDF), public participation, as well as the management and co-ordination of all aspects of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) processes. EOH has been active in all of the above fields, and in so doing have made a positive contribution towards environmental management and sustainable development in South Africa and many other African countries. We believe that a balance between development and environmental protection can be achieved by skilful, considerate and careful planning.

The proposed project requires TWO SEPARATE Full Scoping and EIA processes in terms of listed activities, one for the SEZ and a separate EIA process for the Solar Energy Facility.

The following table summarises the listed activities relevant to each project:

LISTED ACTIVITIES FOR THE SEZ LISTED ACTIVITIES FOR THE SOLAR DEVELOPMENT: ENERGY FACILITY DEVELOPMENT: Activity number Activity Description (ii) The development of facilities or infrastructure for the transmission and distribution of GN R 983 (11) electricity- inside urban areas or industrial complexes with a capacity of 275 kilovolts or more. The development of facilities or infrastructure for the off-stream storage of water, including dams and reservoirs, with a combined capacity GN R 983 (13) of 50000 cubic meters or more, unless such storage falls within the ambit of activity 16 in Listing Notice 2 of 2014. The development of facilities or infrastructure, for the storage, or for the storage and handling, of a dangerous good, where such storage GN R 983 (14) occurs in containers with a combined capacity of 80 cubic meters or more but not exceeding 500 cubic meters. The infilling or depositing of any material of more than 5 cubic meters into, or the dredging, GN R 983 (19) excavation, removal or moving of soil, sand, shells, shell grit, pebbles or rock of more than 5 cubic meters from 077a watercourse. The development and related operation of facilities or infrastructure for the treatment of GN R 983 (25) effluent, wastewater or sewage with a daily throughput capacity of more than 2000 cubic meters but less than 15000 cubic meters. The clearance of an area of 1 hectare or more, but less than 20 hectares of indigenous vegetation. GN R 983 (27) Residential, mixed, retail, commercial, industrial or institutional developments where such land was used for agriculture or afforestation on or after 01 April 1998 and where such GN R 983 (28) development: (ii) will occur inside an urban area, where the total land to be developed is bigger than 5 hectares.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 97 King William’s Town N2 Northern Bypass Road Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

LISTED ACTIVITIES FOR THE SEZ LISTED ACTIVITIES FOR THE SOLAR DEVELOPMENT: ENERGY FACILITY DEVELOPMENT: Activity number Activity Description The development of facilities or infrastructure for the generation of electricity from a renewable GN R 984 (1) resource where the electricity output is 20MW or more. The development of facilities or infrastructure for any process or activity which requires a permit or license in terms of national or provincial legislation governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution or effluent, excluding- GN R 984 (6) (iii) the development of facilities or infrastructure for the treatment of effluent, wastewater or sewage where such facilities have a daily throughput capacity of 2000 cubic meters or less. GN R 984 (15) The clearance of an area of 20 hectares or more of indigenous vegetation. The development and related operation of facilities or infrastructure for the treatment of GN R 984 (25) effluent, wastewater or sewage with a daily throughput capacity of 15000 cubic meters or more. The development of –

(iii) a road with a reserve wider than GN R 984 (27) 30 meters; (iv) a road catering for more than one lane of traffic in both directions. The development of- (iv) bridges exceeding 10 square metres in size; (x) buildings exceeding 10 square metres in size; (xii) infrastructure or structures with a physical footprint of 10 square metres or more; where such development occurs- a) within a watercourse; GN R 985 (14) c) if no development setback has been adopted, within32 metres of a watercourse, measured from the edge of a watercourse

(h) In Free State, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Northern Cape: (iv) In urban areas: Areas zoned for use as public open space.

APPROACH TO THE FULL SCOPING AND EIA PROCESS

THE SCOPING PHASE Both EIAs for the proposed project are presently in the SCOPING phase. This phase primarily serves to inform the public and relevant authorities about the proposed project and to determine any impacts. These impacts will then be extensively addressed by specialists in the field during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) phase.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 98 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

Landowner, Stakeholder & I&AP Notification

Submit Application Form

Prepare Draft Scoping Report

We Are Here Public Review Period (30 Days)

Finalise & Sumit Scoping Report Scoping Phase Scoping

Competent Authority Review, Comment & Desicion

Specialist Studies, Prepare Draft EIR & EMPr EIR

Public Review Period (30 Days)

Phase Finalise & Submit EIR & EMPr

Competent Authority Review, Comment & Desicion

Notify I&AP & Appeals Process

THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PHASE This phase is more complex and more detailed than the Scoping phase because it focuses on undertaking specialist studies that may be identified during the Scoping phase. These studies provide expert input into the EIA process based on scientific information. I&APs will be consulted again during this phase, and will be given an opportunity to comment on the Draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for each development, that will contain the specialist reports. During this phase an Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) must also be prepared for each of the two the projects.

The two final EIR’s must be submitted to the Provincial DENC (for the SEZ development) & National DEA (for the Solar Energy Facility) respectively for decision on whether or not to authorise the development. The authorisation of a development carries a number of legally binding conditions, which will be contained in the Environmental Authorisation document for each project. This document will be circulated to all registered I&APs within two weeks of receipt from the respective competent authority.

HOW CAN YOU BE INVOLVED A Public Participation Process (PPP) is being conducted as part of the EIA processes. The aim of the PPP is to allow everyone who is interested in, or is likely to be affected by, the proposed development to provide input into the process.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 99 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

The Public Participation Process will include:

 Advertisements in a Local & Regional newspaper;  Notice Boards on site;  Circulation of the BID (this document) to all I&APs and stakeholders; and  Review of all reports by registered I&APs and stakeholders.

If you consider yourself an interested and/or affected person/party, it is important that you become and remain involved in the PPP. In order to do so please follow the steps below in order to ensure that you are continually informed of the project developments and opportunities to raise issues and concerns pertaining to the project.

STEP 1: Please register by responding to our notification and invitation, with your name and contact details (details provided on cover page and below). As a registered I&AP you will be informed of all meetings, report reviews and project developments throughout the EIA process. STEP 2: Register by returning the slip at the back of this document to EOH. STEP 3: Attend meetings that will be held throughout the EIA process. As a registered I&AP, you will be invited to these meetings.

EOH is required to engage with all private and public parties that may be interested and/or affected by either or both the proposed SEZ Development and the Solar Energy Facility Development, in order to distribute information for review and comment in a transparent manner.

It is important for I&APs to note the following:

1. In order for EOH to continue engaging with you, please ENSURE that you register on our database by contacting the person below. 2. As the EIA process is regulated by specific review and comment timeframes, it is your responsibility to submit your comments within these timeframes

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 100 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 I hereby wish to register as an Interested and Affected Party (I&AP) for either or both the

NCEDA Upington SEZ Development and the Solar Energy Facility EIA processes

N ame:

______

Organization:

______

I wish to register for (please indicate either or both):

The NCEDA Upington SEZ Development EIA The NCEDA Upington Solar Energy Facility EIA

Postal address:

______

Email:

______

Phone #: ______Fax #:______

My initial comments, issues or concerns are:

______

Other individuals, stakeholders, organisations or entities that should be registered are:

Name:

______

Organization:

______

Postal address:

______

Email:

______

Phone #: ______Fax #: ______

Please return details to: Mr Roy de Kock: P.O. Box 8145, Nahoon, 5210 Telephone: (043) 726 7809 EOH Coastal & Environmental Services Fax: (043)101 726 8352 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Email: [email protected] Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 FLYERS THAT WAS DISTRIBUTED IN UPINGTON – November 2016

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 102 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 LETTER OF NOTIFICATION

LANDOWNER: Letter of Notification 8th June 2016

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 103 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

PROOF OF INITIAL I&AP AND STAKEHOLDER NOTIFICATION, October 2016

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 104 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

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PROOF OF DEA CORRESPONDENCE

No proof yet. To be included later.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 111 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

PROOF OF NORTHERN CAPE NCEDA CORRESPONDENCE

No proof yet. To be included later.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 112 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

PROOF OF DEA: BIODIVERSITY CORRESPONDENCE

No proof yet. To be included later.

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 113 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 PUBLIC MEETING

Meeting minutes – 17 November 2016:

Still to be included

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 114 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 Presentation – 17 November 2016:

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EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 115 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017

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EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 118 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington Draft Scoping Report – February 2017 ATTENDANCE REGISTER

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services 119 NCEDA Special Economic Zone, Upington