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Executive Summary Book Thanjavur.Pmd THANJAVUR DISTRICT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT THANJAVUR DISTRICT Introduction Thanjavur district lies in the East Coast of Tamil Nadu. The district can be divided into two distinct divisions, viz., the deltaic region and the upland area or non-deltaic region. Thanjavur district is having administrative divisions of 8 taluks, 14 blocks, 589 village panchayats and 821 villages. Geography Thanjavur district is in the east coast of Tamil Nadu. The district lies between 78° 45’ and 70° 25' of the Eastern Longitudes and 9° 50' and 11° 25' of the Northern Latitudes. Thanjavur is situated in the Cauvery delta at a distance of 314 km south-west of Chennai and 56 km east of Tiruchirappalli. The District is bound by Coloroon on the North which separates it from Ariyalur and Tiruchirapalli district; Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts on the east; Palk Strait and Pudukottai on the South and Pudukottai and Tiruchirapalli on the West. Total geographical area of the district is 3,602.86 sq.km. This constitutes just 2.77 % of the area of the State. 1 Topography Thanjavur district is occupied by different geological formations. Different geomorphic units like flood plain, delta plains, natural levees and sedimentary high ground are noticed in Thanjavur district. Area north of Thanjavur had been fully covered by flood plains. Isolated levee complexes are found parallel to the Vennar river course. The district is underlined by the various geological formations ranging in age from Archaean to Recent (Plate – II). Soils The different types of soils derived from the geological formations are; Quaternary: Sand, silt and clay super imposed sand, natural levee complexes. Pliocene: Clays heavily weathered super imposed old drainage morphology. Miocene: Sands, clay bound clays gravels. Cretaceous: Reddish and yellowish calcareous sand stones, clays and lime stones. Climate The climate of the Thanjavur district is humid and tropical. The mean maximum temperature of the district shows variation between 36.5° in June and 27.8° C in May. The mean minimum temperature shows variation from 22.1° C to 27.1°C in December. 2 The relative humidity varies between 70 % and 85 percent, highest occurs during the months of Dec-Jan and the lowest during the month of June. Status of Human Development On comparing the block performances, the Thanjavur block (0.854) reached at higher level and Orathanadu block (0.370) reached at lower level. It revealed that the overall performance differs significantly among the fourteen blocks of the district. Thanjavur, Pattukottai and Peravurani blocks had performed well and reached the top level in HDI. On the other side, Thiruvidaimarudur, Thiruvonam and Orathanadu index values had reached to bottom level. Among the fourteen blocks of the district, the minimum value of the GII index was recorded in Thanjavur block (0.030) and the maximum value was registered in Ammapettai block (0.146). The top performers were Thanjavur, Orathanadu and Kumbakonam. The bottom performers were Thiruvaiyaru, Madukkur and Ammapettai. Thanjavur stood with the first rank in GII and worked out index value was 0.030. Orathanadu block scored 2nd rank in GII and worked out index value was 0.047. The minimum and maximum value ranges between 0.711 in Pattukottai and 0.378 in Thiruppanandal block. 3 Pattukottai block enjoyed 1st rank in Child Development Index (CDI) and the other two top performers were Thanjavur and Thiruvonum. Thiruppanandal, Orathandadu and Ammapettai blocks had low CDI values and were reflected as one of the bottom level blocks. The index value of Madukkur block was 0.332 reaching as top one, and the index value of Orathanadu block was 0.588 reaching as the number one in the category of bottom block. The top performers in Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) were Madukkur, Peravurani, and Pattukottai and bottom performers were Thiruvonam, Sethubavachatram and Orathanadu. EMPLOYMENT, INCOME AND POVERTY The district’s work participation rate had increased between 2001 and 2011. In the context of composition of workers, the number of cultivators had drastically come down in the district. This has been offset in agricultural labourers, household industry workers, and other workers. It reveals that there is a transition from agriculture to non- agriculture activities due to vagaries of monsoon and to avoid risk in agriculture. Most of the inhabitants of this district depend on agriculture for earning their livelihood. Also, Thanjavur has been a flourishing centre of cottage industries and handicrafts for 4 centuries. This district is famous for a wide range of utility and decorative articles like Thanjavur bell, metal plates, bronze icons, musical instruments, and silver metallurgy. The decadal growth rate of total workers was 8.58 in the district. The decadal growth rate of main workers in the district was 11.26. The growth rate of marginal workers is very low to the level of -5.10 in the district. In the case of non-workers, the growth rate of the district is 8.55. The growth rate of cultivators during 2001 and 2011 was -10.13. The negative growth of cultivators showed that they had switched over to non-agricultural activities due to vagaries of monsoon and unstable farm income. In 2013, only 576 people were employed through employment exchanges, which accounts for 1.25 percent of the registered number of people. During 2011-2012, the district’s GDDP was Rs. 11,15,056 in lakhs. Of this, the contribution of tertiary sector was very high (70.43) followed by secondary (16.57) and primary (13.01) sectors. During 2009-10, the district PCI was Rs. 39,293, which was far below the State PCI of Rs. 53,359 at constant prices. During 2011- 12 the PCI of the district had increased to Rs. 48,284 and the state PCI had also 5 increased to Rs. 63,996. Compound Annual Growth Rate of the district was 7.77, which was lower than State (8.23). The district level BPL was 37.37 per cent which comprises both rural and urban areas. Among the blocks, Budhalur block had recorded the highest BPL percentage 49, and the lowest percentage was registered in Madukkur as 24. It was interesting to note that 6,47,653 family card holders had benefitted in the district. DEMOGRAPHY, HEALTH AND NUTRITION The population of the district had increased by 1.89 lakhs between 2001 and 2011. Among the blocks, Thiruvidaimarudur had the highest population (2.17 lakhs) in the district and Madukkur (0.81 lakhs) had recorded the lowest during 2011. The population density of the district was 705 persons per Sq.km in 2011 when compared to 638 during 2001. The proportion of SC had marginally increased in the district from 18.03 % to 18.91 % during 2001 and 2011 respectively. The proportion of ST population was less than one per cent in all the blocks of the district. The average CBR was 12.0 in 2013 and 13.4 in 2014. Across the blocks, the crude birth rate varied marginally. For instance, 12.4 was registered 6 in Papanasam block and 19.2 was reported in Pattukottai block during 2014. The district’s CDR had marginally increased from 3.0 to 5.1 during 2013 and 2014. Overall, sex ratio of Thanjavur district was 1021 and 1035 between 2001 and 2011. Among the SC population in the district, the sex ratio had increased from 1010 to 1015 between 2001 and 2011. The district average child sex ratio was 957 girls per 1000 boys. The child sex ratio is relatively high in the blocks of Sethubavachatram (985), Thiruvidaimarudur (973), Pattukkottai (968), Kumbakonam (962), Peravurani (961), Orathanadu (959), Thiruvonam (959), and Thiruppanandal (958). In the rest of the six blocks, the child sex ratio was less than district average 957. The life expectancy at birth during the period of 2013-2014, the district value and the State value were very close to one another. Interestingly, on an average, women lived longer (71.2) than men (68.9) in the district. The IMR from the years 2014 revealed that there was an overall improvement in the district as a whole with exceptions here and there. The district average stood at 10.3 in 2014.Thiruvidaimarudur block recorded the highest (21.6), and the lowest was recorded in Sethubavachatram block (2.8). Pattukkottai (4.0) blocks registered relatively low levels of IMR. 7 It was found that Ammapettai block had the highest MMR (176) and the lowest rate was recorded in Budhalur, Pattukkottai, Peravurani and Thiruppanandal blocks. The district higher order birth rate was 8.8 during 2013-14 and there was a marginal variation among the blocks of the district. Thanjavur block experienced the least number of still birth rate (5.8), when compared to other blocks during 2014. In Thiruppanandal block, SBR increased to 26.2 in 2014 from 20.7 in the year 2011. Budhalur and Orathanadu were the other blocks, which experienced increase in still birth rate. The district’s average immunization coverage is 97.1 per cent. The percentage of immunization coverage varies from 103.2 per cent in Ammapettai block, 93.7 per cent in Sethubavachatram block. The malnourished children of the district were 15.21 % during 2014. Out of these, 15.07 % were under the category of MUW and only 0.14 % was severely underweight children. These proportions varied significantly across the blocks of the district and range from 5.41 (Madukkur) to 27.67 (Papanasam). In total, 89.85% of the households had safe drinking water facilities in the district. However, the performance differed among the blocks. It varied from 99 % in Papanasam block to 66% in Budhalur block.
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