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Role of Well Testing and Information in the Petroleum Industry- Testing in Multilayers Reservoirs Assoc

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Role of Well Testing and Information in the Petroleum Industry- Testing in Multilayers Reservoirs Assoc ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2016 IJESC Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 7 Role of Well Testing and Information in the Petroleum Industry- Testing in Multilayers Reservoirs Assoc. Prof. Nevton KODHELAJ M.Sc. Shkëlqim BOZGO Abstract: The actual demand for oil and gas so as their products shows a clear increasing trend, despite some fluctuation mostly because of the global economic negative situation as well as some other geostrategic impacts. The new drilling activities and progressing toward deeper formations require stronger and abundant financial support, and looks that the safest way remains the increase of the oil recovery factor in the existing oil and gas fields. Well testing and their numerical modelling, gives responses that support their exploitation optimization. In many cases the oil and gas fields, represents as very complex systems composed by a large number of thin layers. Generally, they represent very complex hydrodynamic systems. The classification systems of these reservoirs, the calculation of the most important parameters, the factors that impacts and determine their exploitation performance as well as some economic indicators, are subject of this paper. Key words: Well test, reservoir, petroleum engineering, production forecats, skin effect 1 INTRODUCTION The oil well test represents one of the basic disciplines of the Oil & Gas Wells Testing reservoir engineering. The information collected regarding the fluid flow and the drawdown testing in the formation Pressure Data’s plays a key role for the determination of the productive Average Pressure of the Formation Use for Material Balance Calculations capacities of the oil and gas fields. The drawdown test gives Evaluation of the Vertical and Horizontal Evaluation of the Vertical and Horizontal Permeability an important support regarding the determination of the Anisotropy of the Permeability average pressure of the formations. This information’s Estimation of the Formation Extension Well Testing with Different Regimes allows the study and identification of the formations and Oil Saturation behavior and particularly their yield forecast, for different Quantitative Evaluation of the Well Status, EOR regimes. The pressure data’s are without any doubt, among Pressure Data’s Interpretation the most important, regarding the reservoir engineering. Efficiency, Wells Productivity Estimation They play a key role to all the reservoirs exploitation stages Well Testing in Standard Conditions Estimation of the Formation Permeability and Well Status [7, 10]. Oil and gas wells testing, main objectives are: Quantitative Estimation of the Drainage Numerical Simulation 1. Well status evaluation and the reservoir Area and Well Status Evaluation of the Permeability Changes form one Well to the other characterization; Parameters Estimated through the Well Testing and Data Inputs to the Model Figure 1: Information collected by the well testing 2. Calculation of the formation parameters for the purpose of the identification of its productive Is important to highlight that along the lifetime of the oil and segment; gas wells, starting from it’s drilling an up to its “abandonment”, should be collected information’s regarding 3. The identification of the well productive segment; its technical status and daily activity. Here differs the pressure data’s, to each single well or at least for the “key wells”, whose represent not less than 25% of the total wells, 4. Skin effect and factor calculation, and based in its in a periodical basis. Is very important to make careful value could be decided regarding the programming regarding the information’s that should be implementation of the EOR methods. collected through the well testing and its frequency. A very simplified logical sketch on the well testing is presented in 2 WELL TESTING AND ITS ROLE IN THE the Figure 2 [7]. It’s obvious that, the well testing could be PETROLEUM INDUSTRY used for the selection of the well that should be subject of the Enhancement Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. The core of the The oil and gas wells testing represent one of the strongest process stands in the identification of all factors, which tools, mostly regarding their reservoir engineering prospect, pushed toward the well productivity decline [3]. For this, as well the reservoir exploitation optimization. In a more could be very helpful the pressure build-up or pressure descriptive way the information collected by the well testing drawdown tests, the drill stem, the samples analysis or any is presented in the Figure 1 [7]. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, July 2016 1647 http://ijesc.org/ additional information. After “the identification”, should be optimization, and this can be achieved only after having the selected the optimal stimulation process and its correct classification. Figure 4 shows all activities that help implementation design. Summarized, the selection of all the starting from the formation classification, and the Figure 5 calculation procedures regarding the determination of the which shows the reservoir pressure data’s analysis for the exploitation parameters of each single well and the reservoir, purpose of the accurate evaluation of the reservoir of the formation properties evaluation, regarding the properties. Reservoir Characterization Through the efficiency and results of the EOR for the purpose of the OR Integrated Approach (Oil Recovery) increase with aim to maximize the financial profit, is given in Figure 3. A well testing process can be General Description of the Formation efficient regarding collecting the information’s, and later on with their analysis, but only if is done a detailed and accurate Rock Evaluation Structural Testing Reservoir Properties Estimation Integrated Approach · Lithology; · Structure; · Profiles; · Porous Volume; · Sediments Origin; · Continuation; · Reservoir Boundaries; planning, design, evaluation and coordination of all · Transmissivity. · Rock Evaluation. · Approx. Thickness. · Real Thickness. processes [1, 3]. Information's on the Yield and Samples Analysis Oil Wells Testing Pressure Programming, Reasoning, Time, Priorities Fluid Flow Analysis Methods, Pressure Measurement and their Utilization Design, Direction, Analysis See Figure 5 Figure 4: Reservoir classification through the integrated Before the Exploitation Along the Exploitation testing of the system Information's on the Fluids Well Testing Fluid Flow Analysis Methods, Pressure Measurement and their Utilization Information's on the Well Exploitation Information's on the Injections, EOR’s etc. Well Testing Methods Most Important Interpretation Collector Parameters Others Figure 2: Well testing programming Solution for Different Initial and A n o i t a u l a v E Fluid Flow Equations Boundary conditions and Geometry d n a s u t a t S n o i t a m r o F / l l e W n o i t a t i o l p x E s r e t e m a r a P n o i t a t i o l p x E Horizontal Wells s n o i t a l u c l a C r, r’, s, k ,k e tc. Testing v h s ’ R O E ) t c e f f e n i k S ( e g a m a D e r o b l l e W e n i l c e D e r u s s e r P y t i l i b a e m r e P w o L y t i l i b a e m r e P e s U Drawdown & Buildup kh, s’1, s’2, s, D, pr, Δps, Testing, Initial Pressure pores volume, pi, pa s l l e W , s i s y l a n A e l p m a S , s e u q i n h c e T g n i t s e T l l e W n g i s e D R O E s ' n o i t a m r o f n I l a n o i t i d d A , n o i t a t i o l p x E n o i t a z i l i t U n o i t a m r o f n I n o i t a m i t s E l a n i F Fractured Collectors Cs, CsD, k, Φct, s’, sf, xf, ω, λ s r o t c a F e n i l c e D n o i t c u d o r P t n e m e v o r p m I g n i t s e T l l e W Fluid Flow Regime k, s, kf, C, CD, CDf, m, Δ, ω A Figure 3: Well selection for the purpose of the EOR optimization Fracking kfu, sf, r’u, xf, (kfbf)D, r’w/xf, kfbf Drilling samples analysis ensures valuable information’s regarding the preliminary identification of the rocks. The well testing process somehow support toward its Wells Interference kh/μ, Φhc, Φμct, k, s, ν, Φt, khm improvement. Also, the well testing support, regarding the identification of all areas with low permeability whose can create difficulties during the normal process of the reservoir Heterogeneous kx, ky, kxy, kmin, kmax, Θ, Φt, Φμct, kht exploitation, or even for the identification of all areas with Reservoirs Analysis well-developed fractures, and by summarizing it helps for Figure 5: Different analysis system for the collector the preparation of the permeability map of the formation. properties calculation The main goal of the reservoir engineering is the OR International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, July 2016 1648 http://ijesc.org/ The multilayers reservoirs well testing, including the natural Geological Modeling Petroleum Engineering Modeling · Geophysical logging · Petroleum Engineering · Mapping and profile creation based in the · Data Entering in the Reservoir Model fracturing reservoirs, the solution of the flow differential surface geology equations with constant flow or pressure, and the economic Geophysical Modeling Geostatistical Modeling · Space Distribution of the Collector Properties aspects of the exploitation of these kinds of reservoirs, have · Seismic and their Correlations been always challenging for their industrial exploitation.
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