051Aa Genus Ceratrichia Butler

AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 29 December 2020

Genus Ceratrichia Butler, 1870 Forest Sylphs

Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the collection of the British Museum : 274 ( 303 pp.). London. Type-species: Papilio nothus Fabricius, by original designation.

Male Forest Sylph (Ceratrichia species). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy R. Schutte.

The genus Ceratrichia belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Hesperinae Latreille, 1809; Tribe Ceratrichiini Grishin, 2019. The other genera of the Tribe Ceratrichiini in the Afrotropical Region are Ceratricula, Meza, Herila, Pardaleodes, Argemma and Ankola.

Ceratrichia (Forest Sylphs) is an Afrotropical genus of 13 species. The larvae of one of the species is known to feed on grass (Poaceae).

*Ceratrichia brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906 Brown Forest Sylph

Ceratrichia brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 18: 343 (339-346).

Ceratrichia brunnea brunnea. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kibale Forest, Uganda. 22 October 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Nandi Country”.

1 Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Tends to fly higher up than other members of the genus, perching from one to two metres above the ground (Larsen, 1991c). Occasionally it feeds from flowers in the open (Larsen, 1991c). When settled, with closed wings, it resembles a species of Andronymus (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Ceratrichia brunnea brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906

Ceratrichia brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 18: 343 (339-346).

Ceratrichia brunnea brunnea. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kibale Forest, Uganda. 22 October 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Nandi Country”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Kenya – Nandi Country (TL); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Kere Hill, in Minziro Forest (very common) (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

Ceratrichia brunnea ialemia Druce, 1909

Ceratrichia ialemia Druce, 1909. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1909: 413 (406-413).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje (TL).

*Ceratrichia clara Riley, 1925 Clear Forest Sylph

Ceratrichia hollandi f. clara Riley, 1925. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 16: 410 (405-416). Ceratrichia hollandi clara Evans, 1937. Ackery et al., 1995: 98. Ceratrichia clara Evans, 1937. Congdon & Collins, 1998: 17. Ceratrichia clara Riley, 1925. Lamas, pers. comm., April, 2008.

Ceratrichia clara clara. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2420. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia clara clara. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2421. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “Gold Coast”. Diagnosis: Similar to Ceratrichia hollandi, from which it differs in the following respects: hindwing upperside costal area almost straight along its inner border (widened at apex in hollandi); hindwing underside without costal spot and apical spot reduced and not triangular as in hollandi (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon forest sylph (Larsen, 2005a). Most often seen on forest paths (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Flies higher up than other members of the genus, often alighting about a metre above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Ceratrichia clara clara Riley, 1925

Ceratrichia clara clara. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2420. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia clara clara. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2421. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “Gold Coast”. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Tai National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Yeale (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Subri (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Konongo (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills. Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Ceratrichia clara medea Evans, 1937

Ceratrichia hollandi medea Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 101 (212 pp.). Ceratrichia clara medea Evans, 1937. Congdon & Collins, 1998: 17.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”. Distribution: Cameroon (except west), Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – Caldera de Luba, Bioko (Martin, 2015). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Alen Nkoma (Vande weghe, 2010); Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka, Loango National Park (Vande weghe, 2010). 4 Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (common) (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

*Ceratrichia crowleyi Riley, 1925 Crowley’s Forest Sylph

Ceratrichia crowleyi Riley, 1925. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 16: 410 (405-416).

Ceratrichia crowleyi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Putu Range, Liberia. April 2011. Safian, Strausz. ABRI-2019-2417. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia crowleyi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Liberia. February 2011. Safian. ABRI-2019-2418. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana (extreme south-west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Yapo (Larsen, 2005a); Tai National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Yeale (Larsen, 2005a); Comoe (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Ankasa National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Wetter forest of good quality, especially near streams (Belcastro, 1986; Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A rare and localized species that readily comes to flowers in sunny spots on stream banks or on the edges of forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

5 *Ceratrichia fako Sáfián & Tropek, 2016

Ceratrichia fako Sáfián & Tropek, 2016. Zootaxa 4150 (2): 128 (123-132).

Ceratrichia fako. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Fako District, Mount Cameroon, Cameroon. December 2014. Safian et al. ABRI-2019-2395. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: PlantiCam camp, the main tourist trail, south-western slope of Mount Cameroon, South-West Province, Cameroon; 23.XI–18.XII.2014. Leg.: Sáfián, Sz. & Tropek, R. Gen. prep.: SAFI00079. Coordinates: 04.117° N, 09.073°E; 1100 m. Holotype (male) in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya. Diagnosis: “C. fako is obviously closely related to C. lewisi and the recently described C. manengouba, with the following differences, which are consistent over the large available series. The hindwing upperside of both sexes of C. lewisi has an extensive yellow patch along the outer margin, covering almost half of the wing, which is missing completely from C. fako, replaced by an overlay of dense golden-brown scales. Uppersides of both wings of C. fako, and especially the hindwing, are slightly overlaid by golden-brown scales, distinguishing it from both of its relatives. The ground colour of C. manengouba is generally darker; in its description, Larsen & Collins (2014) state that: “Upperside of both sets of wings uniformly deep black”; while the ground colour of C. fako is significantly lighter—it is a warm dark chocolate brown.” (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Etymology: Named for the local name of Mount Cameroon, the type locality.

Distribution: Cameroon.

Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Cameroon (TL); Buea-Bokwaongo trail (1 700 m), Mt Cameroon (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Habitat: Found in submontane forest at altitudes between 1 100 and 1 700 m (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Habits: Flies in sunny clearings in rocky ravines. Males perch low down on sunlit leaves and are territorial (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Flight period: April, November, December (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016).

6 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Ceratrichia flava Hewitson, 1878 Yellow Forest Sylph

Ceratrichia flava Hewitson, 1878. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 1: 343 (340-348).

Ceratrichia flava flava. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kongu, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 23 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Ceratrichia flava flava. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nyazanga, southern Cameroon. September 1994. SCC. ABRI-2019-2414. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia flava flava. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Oyem, Cameroon. September 1994. SCC. ABRI-2019-2415. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo (Collins et al., 2003), Central 7 African Republic (Collins et al., 2003), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Habitat: Open areas in forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Found in localized populations; when encountered it may be numerous (Larsen, 2005a). Flowers are avidly visited, including the large ones of Costus, into which they actually disappear (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Ceratrichia flava flava Hewitson, 1878

Ceratrichia flava Hewitson, 1878. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 1: 343 (340-348).

Ceratrichia flava flava. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kongu, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 23 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Ceratrichia flava flava. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nyazanga, southern Cameroon. September 1994. SCC. ABRI-2019-2414. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia flava flava. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Oyem, Cameroon. September 1994. SCC. ABRI-2019-2415.

8 Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo (Collins et al., 2003), Central African Republic (Collins et al., 2003), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Specific localities: Cameroon – Bonjongo (Plötz, 1879); Alen (Strand, 1912); Korup, at 1 100 m (Larsen, 2005a). Equatorial Guinea – Benito (Millar, 1964). Gabon – Nyonie (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017).

charita Plötz, 1879 (as sp. of Plastingia). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 356 (353-364). Cameroon: “Bonjongo (Cameroon-Gebirge)”.

fasciata Aurivillius, 1896 (as sp. of Ceratrichia). Entomologisk Tidskrift 17: 286 (279-291). Cameroon: “Kamerun”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/f).

tessmanniana Strand, 1912 (as var. of Ceratrichia fasciata). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.9.): 109 (92-111). Cameroon: “Alen”.

benitoensis Miller, 1964 (as ssp. of Ceratrichia flava). Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 645 (640-647). Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Benito [Rio Muni]”. Status downgraded from subspecies to form by Collins et al., 2003: 104.

Ceratrichia flava fernanda Evans, 1937

Ceratrichia flava fernanda Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 100 (212 pp.).

Ceratrichia flava fernanda. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Moka, Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. March 2007. SCC. ABRI-2019-2410. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia flava fernanda. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Moka, Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. March 2007. SCC. ABRI-2019-2411. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Island of Bioko).

*Ceratrichia hollandi Bethune-Baker, 1908 Holland’s Forest Sylph

Ceratrichia hollandi Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 482 (469-482).

Ceratrichia hollandi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 30 June 2015. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Ceratrichia hollandi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 9-11 June 2017. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Alternative common name: Holland’s Sylph.

10 Type locality: [Uganda]: “Fort Portal”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Recorded, in error, from West Africa due to confusion with Ceratrichia clara (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Fort Portal (TL). Kenya – Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; common); Munene (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Usually encountered along forest paths (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Ceratrichia lewisi Collins & Larsen, 2000 Obudu Forest Sylph

Ceratrichia lewisi Collins & Larsen, 2000. Metamorphosis 11 (2): 68 (57-75).

Ceratrichia lewisi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Obudu Plateau, eastern Nigeria. July 2011. O. Brattstrom. ABRI-2019-2394. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Nigeria, Obudu Plateau, 1965. (C.S. Lewis leg., in Natural History Museum, London).” Described from two males and a female from the type locality.

Distribution: Nigeria.

Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (TL). Known only from the type locality near the Obudu Cattle Ranch, at 1,400 m.

11 Habitat: Forest. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Ceratrichia manengouba Larsen & Collins, 2014

Ceratrichia manengouba Larsen & Collins, 2014. Metamorphosis 25: 69 (60-76).

Ceratrichia manengouba. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Manengouba Mountain, western Cameroon. Otober 2012. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2396. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia manengouba. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Manengouba Mountain, western Cameroon. Otober 2012. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2397. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mt Manengouba (05.00N 09.25E), 1900-2100 m (12.xi.2012)”. Holotype (male) in the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Diagnosis: This taxon is a member of the Ceratrichia phocion species group.

12 Distribution: Cameroon.

Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Manengouba (TL). Habitat: The edges of submontane forest, at about 2000 m a.s.l. (Larsen & Collins, 2014). Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Ceratrichia nothus (Fabricius, 1787) White-winged Forest Sylph

Papilio Plebeius Urbicola nothus Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insectorum 2: 88 (382 pp.). Hafniae.

Ceratrichia nothus nothus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Putu Range, Liberia. December 2012. Safian, Tropek. ABRI-2019-2408. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia nothus nothus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Konenga, Volta, Ghana. January, 1970. Maessen. ABRI-2019-2409. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. 13

Type locality: [Sierra Leone] (Collins et al., 2003): “in America”. [False locality.] Diagnosis: Both sexes black above with small white spots on forewing; two cell spots small and usually unfused; hindwing unmarked; hindwing underside white with well developed black margins (Collins et al., 2003). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Central African Republic. Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A localized and uncommon skipper (Larsen, 2005a). Flies in the densest parts of the forest, where little light penetrates (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is higher above the ground than the yellow- winged species in the genus (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Ceratrichia nothus nothus (Fabricius, 1787)

Papilio nothus Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insectorum 2: 88 (382 pp.). Hafniae.

Ceratrichia nothus nothus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Putu Range, Liberia. December 2012. Safian, Tropek. ABRI-2019-2408. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia nothus nothus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Konenga, Volta, Ghana. January, 1970. Maessen. ABRI-2019-2409. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: [Sierra Leone] (Collins et al., 2003): “in America”. [False locality.] Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Dubreka (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama, Seredou (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020).

Ceratrichia nothus enantia (Karsch, 1893)

Hypoleucis enantia Karsch, 1893. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 255 (1-266). Synonym of Ceratrichia nothus nothus (Fabricius, 1787). Ackery et al., 1995. Ceratrichia nothus enantia (Karsch, 1893). Collins et al., 2003.

Type locality: Togo: “Bismarckburg”. General remarks: This subspecies could be considered as part of a cline between the nominate subspecies and subspecies makomensis, but Collins et al. (2003) prefer to treat it as a good subspecies. Diagnosis: Male similar to nominate subspecies but hindwing paler and ocelli of hindwing underside spaces 2 and 3 tend to shine through; cell spots usually fused; female with variably cream hindwing (Collins et al., 2003). Distribution: Ghana (central), Togo, Nigeria (Collins et al., 2003). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Togo – Bismarckburg (TL).

Ceratrichia nothus makomensis Strand, 1913

Ceratrichia makomensis Strand, 1913. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.12.): 53 (30-84). Ceratrichia nothus makomensis Strand, 1913. Collins et al., 2003.

Type locality: [Equatorial Guinea]: “Spanisch-Guinea, Makomo, Ntumgebiet”. Diagnosis: Both sexes with hindwing broadly cream; hindwing underside with black markings much reduced; ocelli in spaces 2 and 3 usually without pupils and showing through on upperside as black dots (Collins et al., 2003). Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola. Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – Makomo, Ntum district (TL). Gabon – Lope National Park (Vande weghe, 2010). Angola – Kwanza Norte Province (Mendes et al., 2013).

Ceratrichia nothus yakoli Collins & Larsen, 2003

Ceratrichia nothus yakoli Collins & Larsen, 2003. Metamorphosis 14 (3): 103 (63-110).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “near Bangui, Bimon, September 1995”. Holotype (male) in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. General remarks: Named after the village of Yakoli in the Central African Republic (Collins et al., 2003). Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – near Bangui (TL).

*Ceratrichia phocion (Fabricius, 1781) Common Forest Sylph

Papilio phocion Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum 2: 138 (499 pp.). Hamburgi & Kilonii.

Ceratrichia phocion phocion. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 9 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Ceratrichia phocion phocion. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Banco Forest, Ivory Coast. May 2000. SCC. ABRI-2019-2419. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: “Africa aequinoctiali”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo. Recorded, probably in error, from Senegal by Evans, 1937 (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is a common skipper that flies especially along forest paths. It rarely rises more than 25 cm above the ground and feeds readily at low flowers (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Ceratrichia phocion phocion (Fabricius, 1781)

Papilio phocion Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum 2: 138 (499 pp.). Hamburgi & Kilonii.

16 Ceratrichia phocion phocion. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 9 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Ceratrichia phocion phocion. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Banco Forest, Ivory Coast. May 2000. SCC. ABRI-2019-2419. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: “Africa aequinoctiali”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020) Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007).

phocaeus Westwood, 1852 in Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52] (as [unjustified] replacement name for Papilio phocion Fabricius). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 521 (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London.

Ceratrichia phocion camerona Miller, 1971

Ceratrichia phocion camerona Miller, 1971. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (2): 4 (17 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Lolodorf”. Distribution: Cameroon (except west), Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Lolodorf (TL). Equatorial Guinea – Caldera de Luba, Bioko (Martin, 2015). Gabon – Pointe Pongara (Vande weghe, 2010); Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Alen Nkoma (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Kangwe (Vande weghe, 2010); Talaguga (Vande weghe, 2010).

*Ceratrichia punctata Holland, 1896

Ceratrichia punctata Holland, 1896. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 79 (2-107).

Ceratrichia punctata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Zomea, Central African Republic. October 1982. ABRI-2019-2412. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Ceratrichia punctata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Zomea, Central African Republic. September 1996. ABRI-2019-2413. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: “Tropical West Africa”. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Angola. Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Ceratrichia semlikensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921

Ceratrichia flava semlikensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 102 (40-166). Ceratrichia semlikensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Collins et al., 2003 (Metamorphosis 14 (3): 104).

Ceratrichia semlikensis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kibale Forest, Uganda. 22 October 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Ceratrichia semlikensis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. June 1990. SCC. ABRI-2019-2416. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: [Uganda]: “Lower Batahu River, Semliki Valley”. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic (Collins et al., 2003), Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania, Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Lower Batahu River, Semliki Valley (TL); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017); Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Kenya – Kakamega (Larsen, 1991c); Tiriki (Larsen, 1991c); Nandi (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Minziru Forest (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Flies low down along paths inside the forest (Larsen, 1991c). Both sexes venture into the sunlight to feed on the flowers of small forbs along forest roads or in forest clearings (Larsen, 1991c). They are sometimes active until late in the afternoon (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2014: 313. [Kakamega Forest, Kenya].

These authors describe oviposition behaviour, the ovum, leaf shelters, penultimate and final instar larva, and the pupa. They illustrate the ovum, penultimate and final instar larva.

Larval food: Isachne mauritiana Knuth (Poaceae) [M. Cock, vide Larsen, 2005a: 498; Kenya].

rebeli Dufrane, 1945 (as female f. (?) of Ceratrichia flava). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 125 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kamituga”.

*Ceratrichia wollastoni Heron, 1909 Wollaston’s Forest Sylph

Ceratrichia wollastoni Heron, 1909. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 19: 174 (141-178).

Ceratrichia wollastoni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kibale Forest, Uganda. 22 October 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Ceratrichia wollastoni. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 15 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Uganda]: “Entebbe; Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Gabon – Langoue, Ivindo National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Ekouyi and camp PPG, Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Entebbe (TL); Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori (Heron, 1909); Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Kenya – Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Flies along paths and in clearings in forest. The flight is flitting and low down, among vegetation (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

extensa Aurivillius, 1925 in Seitz, 1908-25 (as male f. of Ceratrichia flava). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 526 (614 pp.). Cameroon.

extensa Evans, 1937 (as ssp. of Ceratrichia wollastoni). A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum : 101 (212 pp.). Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Synonymized with Ceratrichia wollastoni by Ackery et al., 1995: 99.

mariae Dufrane, 1945 (as female f. (?) of Ceratrichia flava). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 125 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “pris àKamituga”.