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051Aa Genus Ceratrichia Butler AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 29 December 2020 Genus Ceratrichia Butler, 1870 Forest Sylphs Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the collection of the British Museum : 274 ( 303 pp.). London. Type-species: Papilio nothus Fabricius, by original designation. Male Forest Sylph (Ceratrichia species). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, 2014. Image courtesy R. Schutte. The genus Ceratrichia belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Hesperinae Latreille, 1809; Tribe Ceratrichiini Grishin, 2019. The other genera of the Tribe Ceratrichiini in the Afrotropical Region are Ceratricula, Meza, Herila, Pardaleodes, Argemma and Ankola. Ceratrichia (Forest Sylphs) is an Afrotropical genus of 13 species. The larvae of one of the species is known to feed on grass (Poaceae). *Ceratrichia brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906 Brown Forest Sylph Ceratrichia brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 18: 343 (339-346). Ceratrichia brunnea brunnea. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kibale Forest, Uganda. 22 October 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Kenya]: “Nandi Country”. 1 Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Tends to fly higher up than other members of the genus, perching from one to two metres above the ground (Larsen, 1991c). Occasionally it feeds from flowers in the open (Larsen, 1991c). When settled, with closed wings, it resembles a species of Andronymus (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Ceratrichia brunnea brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906 Ceratrichia brunnea Bethune-Baker, 1906. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 18: 343 (339-346). Ceratrichia brunnea brunnea. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kibale Forest, Uganda. 22 October 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Kenya]: “Nandi Country”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Kenya – Nandi Country (TL); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Kere Hill, in Minziro Forest (very common) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Ceratrichia brunnea ialemia Druce, 1909 Ceratrichia ialemia Druce, 1909. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1909: 413 (406-413). Type locality: Cameroon: “Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje (TL). *Ceratrichia clara Riley, 1925 Clear Forest Sylph Ceratrichia hollandi f. clara Riley, 1925. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 16: 410 (405-416). Ceratrichia hollandi clara Evans, 1937. Ackery et al., 1995: 98. Ceratrichia clara Evans, 1937. Congdon & Collins, 1998: 17. Ceratrichia clara Riley, 1925. Lamas, pers. comm., April, 2008. 2 Ceratrichia clara clara. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2420. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. Ceratrichia clara clara. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2421. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. Type locality: Ghana: “Gold Coast”. Diagnosis: Similar to Ceratrichia hollandi, from which it differs in the following respects: hindwing upperside costal area almost straight along its inner border (widened at apex in hollandi); hindwing underside without costal spot and apical spot reduced and not triangular as in hollandi (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon forest sylph (Larsen, 2005a). Most often seen on forest paths (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Flies higher up than other members of the genus, often alighting about a metre above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Ceratrichia clara clara Riley, 1925 Ceratrichia hollandi f. clara Riley, 1925. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 16: 410 (405-416). Ceratrichia hollandi clara Evans, 1937. Ackery et al., 1995: 98. Ceratrichia clara Evans, 1937. Congdon & Collins, 1998: 17. Ceratrichia clara Riley, 1925. Lamas, pers. comm., April, 2008. 3 Ceratrichia clara clara. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2420. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. Ceratrichia clara clara. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. December 2008. R. Vorgas. ABRI-2019-2421. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. Type locality: Ghana: “Gold Coast”. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Tai National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Yeale (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Subri (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Konongo (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills. Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Ceratrichia clara medea Evans, 1937 Ceratrichia hollandi medea Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 101 (212 pp.). Ceratrichia clara medea Evans, 1937. Congdon & Collins, 1998: 17. Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Po”. Distribution: Cameroon (except west), Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – Caldera de Luba, Bioko (Martin, 2015). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Alen Nkoma (Vande weghe, 2010); Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka, Loango National Park (Vande weghe, 2010). 4 Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (common) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). *Ceratrichia crowleyi Riley, 1925 Crowley’s Forest Sylph Ceratrichia crowleyi Riley, 1925. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 16: 410 (405-416). Ceratrichia crowleyi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Putu Range, Liberia. April 2011. Safian, Strausz. ABRI-2019-2417. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. Ceratrichia crowleyi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gola Forest, Liberia. February 2011. Safian. ABRI-2019-2418. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana (extreme south-west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Yapo (Larsen, 2005a); Tai National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Yeale (Larsen, 2005a); Comoe (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Ankasa National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Wetter forest of good quality, especially near streams (Belcastro, 1986; Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A rare and localized species that readily comes to flowers in sunny spots on stream banks or on the edges of forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 5 *Ceratrichia fako Sáfián & Tropek, 2016 Ceratrichia fako Sáfián & Tropek, 2016. Zootaxa 4150 (2): 128 (123-132). Ceratrichia fako. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Fako District, Mount Cameroon, Cameroon. December 2014. Safian et al. ABRI-2019-2395. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. Type locality: Cameroon: PlantiCam camp, the main tourist trail, south-western slope of Mount Cameroon, South-West Province, Cameroon; 23.XI–18.XII.2014. Leg.: Sáfián, Sz. & Tropek, R. Gen. prep.: SAFI00079. Coordinates: 04.117° N, 09.073°E; 1100 m. Holotype (male) in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya. Diagnosis: “C. fako is obviously closely related to C. lewisi and the recently described C. manengouba, with the following differences, which are consistent over the large available series. The hindwing upperside of both sexes of C. lewisi has an extensive yellow patch along the outer margin, covering almost half of the wing, which is missing completely from C. fako, replaced by an overlay of dense golden-brown scales. Uppersides of both wings of C. fako, and especially the hindwing, are slightly overlaid by golden-brown scales, distinguishing it from both of its relatives. The ground colour of C. manengouba is generally darker; in its description, Larsen & Collins (2014) state that: “Upperside of both sets of wings uniformly deep black”; while the ground colour of C. fako is significantly lighter—it is a warm dark chocolate brown.” (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Etymology: Named for the local name of Mount Cameroon, the type locality. Distribution: Cameroon. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Cameroon (TL); Buea-Bokwaongo trail (1 700 m), Mt Cameroon (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Habitat: Found in submontane forest at altitudes between 1 100 and 1 700 m (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Habits: Flies in sunny clearings in rocky ravines. Males perch low down on sunlit leaves and are territorial (Sáfián & Tropek, 2016). Flight period: April, November, December
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