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Download Des Bandes Als MITTEILUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN ORIENT-GESELLSCHAFT ZU BERLIN NUMMER 147 · BERLIN 2015 © Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft e.V. Berlin 2015 Alle Rechte, insbesondere das der Übersetzung in fremde Sprachen vorbehalten. Nachdruck nur mit Genehmigung der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Namentlich gekennzeichnete Beiträge erscheinen in Verantwortung der Autoren und stellen nicht unbedingt die Meinung des Herausge- bers (Vorstand der DOG) dar. Die Rechte an den Abbildungen zu den Grabungsberichten verbleiben bei den Grabungsleitern. Herstellung: Benedict Press, Vier-Türme GmbH D-97359 Münsterschwarzach Abtei ISSN 0342-X-7 Inhalt Strommenger, Eva / Schwörer-Kohl, Andreas Schmidt-Colinet Erinnerungen an Khaled al-As‘ad ...................................................... 5 $árka Velhartická Die Rezeption der Entzifferung der hethitischen Sprache in der österreichischen und deutschen Presse .................................... 9 Silvia Alaura Figullas und Hroznýs Arbeit an den Bo¥azköy-Tafeln im Kaiserlich-Ottomanischen Museum in Konstantinopel 1914 ....... 25 Hayk Avetisyan / Michael Herles et al. Untersuchungen an den Hügeln Didi Kond und Pokr Blur in Oshakan (Armenien) ...................................................................... 71 Michael Herles Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur in Oshakan (Armenien)? ....................................................................................... 107 Claudia Beuger/Tobias Helms/Abdulwahhab Suleiman/ Mustafa Abdulmuttleb Dlshad/Hidayet Hussein Archäologische Forschungen im nordwestlichen Zagros Vorläufige Ergebnisse aus den Feldbegehungen in Khalifan (Distrikt Soran) ............................................................... 129 Nicolas Assur Corfù Die Angst vor dem „Vergessen werden“ im Alten Mesopotamien ..................................................................... 165 Bericht des Vorstandes über das Vereinsjahr 2014/15 ........................... 183 Beilage zum Beitrag Avetisyan/Herles 3 Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin 147 · 2015 Erinnerungen an Khaled al-As‘ad. Zum Ende einer Epoche in Palmyra. Am 18. August 2015 wurde der langjährige Antikendirektor von Palmyra, Khaled al-As‘ad, von Schergen des sogenannten Islamischen Staates im 82. Lebensjahr auf brutale Weise ermordet. Diese Schreckensmeldung der syrischen Antikendirektion und die grässlichen Bilder auf allen möglichen Plattformen im Internet lösten in der ganzen Welt Entsetzen aus. Nur ein kleiner Trost war es, dass der Rest der Familie As‘ad, darunter sein Sohn Waleed, seit 2003 sein Nachfolger im Amt, Palmyra rechtzeitig verlassen und sich in Sicherheit gebracht hatten. Khaled al-As‘ad hinterlässt eine Frau und 11 Kinder. Khaled al-As‘ad oder Abu Waleed, wie ihn seine Freunde und Kollegen nannten, wurde am 1. Januar 1934 als Sohn einer einflussreichen palmyre- nischen Familie geboren. Schon während seines Geschichtsstudiums an der Universität Damaskus nahm er an den großen Ausgrabungen der syrischen Antikendirektion (DGAM) in Palmyra unter den Altmeistern der Palmyra- forschung Adnan Bounni und Nassib Saliby teil. 1963 wurde er dann zum Direktor der Ausgrabungen und des Museums von Palmyra ernannt, ein Amt, das er bis 2003, also 40 Jahre lang, ausübte. Aus seiner Amtszeit seien nur einige Daten genannt, die exemplarisch sein Führungstalent sowie seine internationale Anerkennung, Bekanntheit und Be- liebtheit erkennen lassen: 1969 führte er als noch junger Mann die Kongress- teilnehmer des in Damaskus stattfindenden Internationalen Kongresses für Klassische Archäologie durch Palmyra. Einer der Höhepunkte seiner Karriere war 1980 die Aufnahme Palmyras in die UNESCO-Liste als Weltkulturerbe. 1992 organisierte und leitete er dann im Auftrag der DGAM und der UNESCO in Palmyra das Internationale Colloquium „Palmyra and the Silk Route“, das 1996 publiziert wurde. Als langjähriges Mitglied des ICOM (International 5 MDOG 147 · 2015 A. Schmidt-Colinet Council of Museums) und seit 1998 Träger des Ordens für die Verdienste Polens (Order Zasługi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), war es ihm immer eine besondere Ehre und Freude, hochrangige Politiker und Kulturschaffende aus aller Herren Ländern zu empfangen und sachkundig zu führen. Ich erinnere mich an die Besuche des französischen Präsidenten Valérie Giscard d’Estaing und des amerikanischen Außenministers Henry Kissinger. In seiner Amtszeit führte Khaled al-As‘ad zahlreiche Grabungen, Restau- rierungen und Forschungen in Palmyra durch. Aber auch die Denkmäler in der Umgebung Palmyras lagen ihm immer am Herzen, so etwa das spätan- tike Kastell Han al-Halabat und besonders das omayadische Wüstenschloss Qasr-al-Kher Sharqi. Nach Qasr-al-Kher zog er sich gerne auch für längere Zeit in das alte Grabungshaus zurück. Besonders die Aufenthalte dort wa- ren für ihn immer auch Anlass, detaillierte Informationen über die in der Wüste lebenden Menschen zu sammeln: Er erstellte und rekonstruierte nicht nur Stammbäume, sondern baute ein ethnologisches Archiv auf über die familiären Zusammenhänge der in der Palmyrene lebenden Beduinen und deren weiträumige Verbindungen und Transhumanzen über Jordanien bis hin nach Saudi-Arabien. Schon durch seine eigenen Arbeiten erwarb Khaled al-As‘ad internationale wissenschaftliche Anerkennung. Ebenso hoch aber war sein Verdienst durch Hilfeleistung und Unterstützung auswärtiger Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus aller Welt, u.a. aus Polen, Frankreich, Deutschland, Japan, Italien, der Schweiz, Norwegen und den USA, denen er alle Türen öffnete und mit denen er in enger Kooperation zusammenarbeitete. Auch hierfür nur ein Beispiel. Ich habe Khaled al-As‘ad zum ersten Mal im April 1976 als junger Reisestipendiat des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (DAI) getroffen. Schon damals öffnete er einem Tür und Tor, ermöglichte den Besuch sonst unzugänglicher Gräber, erteilte großzügig jede Fotoerlaubnis und stellte den Kontakt zu den gerade anwesenden Kollegen der Polnischen Mission in Palmyra her. Natürlich konnten wir damals nicht ahnen, dass wir fünf Jahre später zusammen in Palmyra tätig würden. Tatsächlich hatte ich dann zwischen 1980 und 2003 das große Glück, mit Khaled al-As‘ad zusam- men im Rahmen eines längerfristigen Kooperationsabkommens zwischen der DGAM und dem DAI Forschungen in Palmyra und Umgebung durchzuführen und zu leiten. Für die gemeinsam in Angriff genommenen Projekte, aus denem mehrere gemeinsame Publikationen hervorgingen, stellte Abu Waleed die gesamte technische Infrastruktur zur Verfügung: Er sorgte dafür, dass morgens um 5:00 Uhr 80 zuverlässige Arbeiter auf der Grabung standen und ein bei den Arbeitern anerkannter vertrauenswürdiger Vorarbeiter zur Verfügung stand. Schon die Auswahl der Arbeiter war ein heikles Unterfangen, musste doch jede Familie in Palmyra entsprechend berücksichtigt werden. Und der Vorarbeiter, der alte Hadji Saleh Taha, war eine von allen (inklusive Abu Waleed und mir) geachtete Respektsperson, hatte er doch schon in den 20er Jahren bei Robert Amy an der Restaurierung des Beltempels mitgearbeitet. Abu Waleed war es dann, der dafür sorgte, dass bei 45 Grad im Schatten je- derzeit auf der Grabung im Gräbertal weitab von der Stadt für alle genügend Trinkwasser vorhanden war, zu den Teepausen Zelte zur Verfügung standen und ein zuverlässiger Grabungswächter angeheuert wurde. Er war es, der 6 K. al-As‘ad M DOG 147 · 2015 dafür sorgte, dass jederzeit der Kran zum Bewegen großer Blöcke zur Ver- fügung stand, dass an bestimmten Tagen um punkt 9:45 Uhr, 12:15 Uhr oder 15:30 Uhr eine Hebebühne von der Stadtverwaltung auf die Grabung kam, um „Luftaufnahmen“ bei unterschiedlicher Beleuchtung machen zu können. Abu Waleed war es schließlich, der das alte Gästehaus der DGAM im Bel- heiligtum zur Verfügung stellte, in dem noch der Geist aus den 20er Jahren wehte, nicht zuletzt durch den guten Geist des Hauses, den alt-ehrwürdigen Hadji Abu l’Ashair, der wiederum schon als Küchenjunge bei Robert Amy gedient hatte und der „à la cuisine francaise“ zu kochen und zu servieren (!) wusste. Abu Waleed war es, der im Handumdrehen plötzlich auftauchende administrative bürokratische Hürden überwinden konnte. Kurz: Ohne Abu Waleed ging nichts, mit ihm ging alles. Auch in Streitfragen massiverer Art wandte man sich vertrauensvoll an ihn, wie ich an mir selbst erfahren habe. So wurden wir über all die Jahre nicht nur geschätzte Kollegen, sondern Freunde. Und nicht zu vergessen: Seine Gastfreundschaft, die über die im Orient übliche freundliche Aufnahme von Fremden hinausging. Abgesehen von dem jederzeit in seinem Büro servierten, mit Minze oder Zimt gewürzten Tee war es immer ein besonderes Fest, wenn man im Grabungshaus oder bei ihm zuhause im Kreis zusammen saß und das vom „Grandseigneur“ Abu Waleed angebotene Manzaf gemeinsam genoss. Seine Herkunft aus einer alten bedeutenden Familie, seine Bildung und Wissbegierde, sein bestimmender, aber immer freundlicher Umgang, das wache Interesse an seiner eigenen Umwelt und Geschichte, seine ausgezeich- neten Beziehungen und Kontakte in der ganzen Stadt und über diese hinaus machten ihn zu einer einflussreichen und angesehenen Persönlichkeit, auf die in Palmyra jeder hörte. 7 MDOG 147 · 2015 A. Schmidt-Colinet Am Ende wollte und konnte er „seine“ Ruinen und seine große Familie nicht im Stich lassen, wie ein Kapitän, der als letzter das Schiff verlässt. Er war davon überzeugt, dass dieses Palmyra ein Teil unser aller kulturellen Ge- dächtnisses ist. Er soll zu seinen Mördern gesagt haben: „Bevor ich Palmyra verlasse, müsst Ihr mich töten.“ Wir werden Khaled al-As‘ad immer dankbar
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