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Page 1 SMALL CARNIVORE CONSERVATION the Newsletter and Journal of the IUCN/SSC Mustelid, Viverrid & Procyonid Specialist Group IUCN . the World Conservation Union Svran CnnNrvonnCoNSERVATToN The Newsletterand Journal of the IUCN/SSC Mustelid,Viverrid& ProcyonidSpecialist Group IUCN Number12 April1995 Sprcrrs SURVTvALCoMMrssroN African lon!-nosed monsoose (Xenogolerdso) - Foto: C.B. Powell Theproduction and distribution of thisissue has been sponsored by 'Blijdorp * Zoo, Rotterdam,Holland $*1''' andthe "RoyalZoological Society of Antwerp",Antwerp, Belgium Svrnn CanNrvoRECoNSERVATToN The Newsletterand Joumal of the IUCN/SSC Mustelid, Mverrid & ProcyonidSpecialist Group Editor-in-chief:HarryVan Rompaey, Edegem, Belgium Editors: AngelaGlatston, Rotterdam, Netherlands Huw Griffiths,Leeds, United Kingdom MichaelRiffel, Heidelberg,Germany Amd SchreibeqHeidelberg, Germany RolandWirth, Miinchen, Germany Theviews expressed in ihis publicationare those ofthe aulhorsrnd do not necessarilyreflect thosc of the IUCN, nor theIUCN/SSC MusFlid. Vivenid & ProcyonidSpecialisi Group. We arepanicularly grateful to WalterRasmussen lbr readinglhe manuscriptsand improving the Englishslyle. Theain of thispublication is to offerdre menbers of theIUCN/SSC MV&PSG, and those who are concemedwith mustelids.viverrids. and procyonids. brief papers.news items. abslracls, rnd tiiles of recentliterature. All readersare invited to sendmaErial to: Small CarnivoreConservation c/o Dr. H. Van Rompaey Jan Verbertlei.l5 2650Edegem Belsium Printedon recycledpaper ISSN l019-5041 The life in symp atry of Xenogalenaso andAtilax palutlinosus in a central African forest JustinaC. RAY Intmduction Thc rain forest mongooses of Africa xrc very poorly knowni the little infbrmati{)nrhar exisrs comes from tbe museum collectingexpedilions (Allen. 192.1;Hayrnan. 1940:Schoutedcn, 19.15).This paucily of information is highlighted for Xduosale rdso. tho Long nosed mongoose.and Atilar palu.linosus. the Marsh mongoose.whose distnbutions broadly olcrlap through- CETTBALAFBICAN FEPUBUC out ceniral and wcsl Afdca. Arild has bcen studiedin soutbcm Aliica (Baker, 1987; Maddock & Perri., 1993). but nei(her specieshas bccn the subjectofsysrcmalic trappins or ecological resenrchin the closed,canopylbrcsts ofrhe African tropics.As a result. there are few dallt from Affi€an fbresK t{) challenge assumptronscon.erning the rltrily of X.rdgdl. (Haltcnorth & Diller. 1977rColyn & Van Rompacy. 199'1)and olher aspecrsof rhe biology of the lwo specics. My puryose here is ro summariTeinformation from a tirpping and radio,telemetrysrudy conductedover a two year p(nud in rhe nonhernConp^ BJ.in. lhe rwo.pc(i.* Jre \er) srmilar in sizc and overall appearancc{in fact, neirherBaMbuti nor BaAka pygmies diltinguish the two species tpers. obs.l); however. their spatial and lernporal use of ihe lbrcst differs markedly. l; The 35 kn: studyarea(Kongana) wrs k)catedinthe south r '1. western Central Airican Republic, between the borders of Cameroonand Congo (Fis. l). lt was localed in rhe,1.500kml Dzanga-SlnghaNational Reserve tnd Dzanga-Ndoki Nrtional Park eskblished in 1990. Vcgerarion is semi-deciduou! rain BAYAT{GA forest. and is highly learonal: rajn averaging 1.100 mr year. Parrs of the Kongana area wcrc selectirely loggcd (apprux. I srem/hr) in tbe early 1980s. /,." DurinS June 1992to April 199:1.eleven mongooscs were t'r KONGANA .attured: ten ,Xeno8dl€ndso and orc Atild rcludiror&r (Tnble l). The animals wcre caught in one and rwo door Tomahawk traps: most capturesrequired pre bliting (5-21 days). Captured mongooscswcre immobilized wuh kclamine hydrochloridc (av errge dose for X?nogaLe.O.2a mykgi ,4rlldr. 0.16 ml/kg). and lilled wirh 51 or 20 g radio trrDsnriters. The othcr known mongooscin the area. Bdeogal?nieripes. was rever captured. Morphology ,ii. RoAo SA GllA RIVER Although the hairsol trilar andXendgal"arcb.tnded. ,., both RESEFI'Euflfrs specieshave an overall black appearance,and are similar tu size Id (Table 1). ieading t{) the tendencyto confuscthe rwo in the field. STUDYSITE 1nthe lrap however,their morphologicaldiffcrcnces are immedi- alcly clerr. Indeed. these conlribute to the jusrif-icalionfor the lie. l. The Central African Republic and Kongan! Study Are difierent generic disiincrion of Lbisspecies (Allen. 1924; Orts, 1970i Rosevear,1974). The long,nosedmongooso is true to its The nost obvious external difference between the two 'prolong(cd)...well namc:it' noseis relativelylong and llesby and is species are the feet: Both X"".,gdl? and Arild.r are five-roed, but beyond the usual lirnits detennined by the bones and te€ih' thc latter is the only moDgoose whose feet are completely (Rosevear. 1974:332). The head is nanower lnd the nuzzle unwebbed.The fbot of ,4rild.ris completely niked ro ihe heel. sharperand longer than that of Arlld.r. Orts ( 1970) discuslesthe whcreasthe foot ofxcnosdl" is hairy up to the pads(Figs. 2 3). unusurl c.Nnialcharacteristics of Xero8dl.. Finally. ,Y"n./Sdlehrs a ionger tail rclati\c lo the hody. Distribution and habitat use (!dult).92.? hN (young adull), rnd 71.3 ha (luvenile/subadult). There i! some evjdenceof liule ovcrlap between home ranges; 'lmpping and monitoring of t..tck beds suggcsrcdhigh however.none ofthese animals was followed !imultaneously.It densitiesof XerrSdlc. and it rppcarcd to be thc numerically is clear thar the MCP method is not adequatein descrjbingthe dominant carnilore in thc rrca- /td/irr, on lhe olher hrnd. fie home ranges.as large areasthat were apparentlynol usedby the quentedonly st.eanrand swrmphabitatswilhin the forcsl. During animals were included within the perimeter. lhiflcen months of tracking an ndult maie Arilar. he was never lo.rlcd outsidc of the nnrow band of streamsidehabitar. The The shrpe ofrhe home rangeofthe male Arlll1.rwas quite ersily distinguish ble rracksofthis epecieswerc alsonljvcr lbund different fron lhar olX€trrr8.rle.and appearedtobe diclatedby ihe in uphnd li)rcst. Although all aurhorsrgree lhat rhe distribution ilmost linear disribudon of suitable streamlide habitat. The of Arildr is confiDcd to rrers with penmnenr waler (Kingdon. hone range wrs approximately 5.950 m lon-s (the dillance as l977iRowc Rowc.l978 i Sluan.l98l). somehrve reponed sighlings measuredrlong lhe slreamberween the averageof six northern- !$dt fronr this habilat(Roscvcar, 1974; Rowe-Rowe. 1978). most and si'( southern-mostlocations). and the animal was never located outside of the strip of streamsidcswrnp. Thc rvcrage Exact locations of day timc rcsring \iLcs lbr fic radio widrh of rhe stream and adjacent swamp habital was 90.3 m rollrrcd ^ti1.?r were fouod on 23 occasions.No two were in the (mealured at 17 evcnly distributed poinls along the stream); same spoti however. they were often in ihe same 500 n' a.ea. hence. the home range was approximately 5.f ha. The MCP Rc\r \pors qere alwnys on islandsofhigh ground sunoundedby nrethodof analysisgale rn rrca estimateof 248 ha. but iI was \$unp or running wrter. They were characterizedby varymg clearly unrealistic bccauscit conneciedoutermosr poinls along d.!r.cs of covcr: s)mc wcrc relarilely exposed.others were sireambends, and encloled large swarhsof upland lbresl wberc bcncxth vinc en{anglementsor exposed roo$ (alhough with the animal was never on.c locrtcd. .r...\\iblc escaperoutes), and otherswere in holes. Utilization patlems wilhin rhc home range are probably Streambeds were Nlsoimporrrnt lbr Xzn"sal"r Lrapping influenced by the shapeof the hone range. Preliminary result! recordsindicated regions of overlap of home rangesthere. rnd from thcsc four males showed that while it took a Xetngal. an trackswere common.However. data fronl radio tracking lhowed averrge of six hours 1(' tralcrsc irs home range.Ihe Aril.rr took rhar nost time was speni in upland forest.the dominant habitat ckxer 1o,18hours. Furthcr analysiswill explore temporal use of llpe of the area(Fig. ,l). The nrixed sl)ecies ib.estsof the Dzanga spaccin morc dclil. region are characterizedby a dense and tangled undersbry mrintirined in p.trt by the rnusually high density of elephants Activity (Caffoll. 1988). The cover thus p.ovidcd may blr an imponanl tactor governinghabitacuse: this hypothesisis fu(her suppoted One of lhe most intereslingdiscoveries of this study was b) rlre tendencyfbr collxred X",og4le to avoid standsof nlono- the diumrl rc(ivily paliern of X"trog.r/c(Fig. 5). During two 24- "molapa lotninanr Gilhefliolendron z/ei'"'r.i forest.or , which hour follors of iwo difterent males.both spen! very little time have very open understories(Fi8.,r). The lew locaiionsot resting during the day. and spent 19.0005.00 h largcly in one x.rotal. obtainedin this habitatwere rc.ordcd whilc rhc rnimll spot, mostly inactive. Because it is r solitaty lbresl dwelling $as tr:rvellxrg. mongoose.several authors have luggested thrt il is noclumal (Roseve.tr.1974i Haltenorlh & Diller. 1977). Homeranges TheAr'ldr was crepuscular(Fi-!.5). with perk etivity carly ' So l'ar,I haveused only the "Mimmun ConvexPolygon in the nnming (t)4.00-06.00h) and ir the elcning (17.0G20.0oh)- nre{hodro analyzehome range si7e. 1n Fig.4, the home rangcs ol Other autho.s hrle found thcm to be crepuscularor n&rurnal lhrecn lc xerr8dle Nrcshowni the MCP arerswere: 12..1ha (Roseven. 197.1:Snithers. 1983:Maddock & Perrin,1993). Fig. 2. Long-nosedmongoose. Xrrogdlr, adrr. Note the paftly Fig. L Marsh moDgoose.A/ilarr'dl,li .Jr&r.Nole the unwebbed webbed feer. Pholo: C. B. Powell feer. Photo: J. C. Ray N 5OOm ffi**.,{rAt\, ifill ROAD STREAM E SWAMP FOREST n "MOLAPA" -1 MIXEDSPECIES FOREST Fig 4.Radio locations a.d habitnt map of three malc Xenosal? nulo home ranges.Diarnond: adult. December-Janurryt993 94. juvcnile/subadult.
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