Superabsorbent Polymer Gels Based on Polyaspartic Acid And
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Study on Water Absorption–Dehydration Characteristics for SAP Composite Soil for Rainwater Harvesting
water Article Study on Water Absorption–Dehydration Characteristics for SAP Composite Soil for Rainwater Harvesting Youwei Qin 1, Tao Yang 1,*, Siyuan Wang 2, Fangling Hou 3, Pengfei Shi 1 and Zhenya Li 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Centre for Global Change and Water Cycle, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [email protected] (Y.Q.); [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (Z.L.) 2 Shenzhen Water Planning and Design Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China; [email protected] 3 Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; fl[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 June 2020; Accepted: 21 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020 Abstract: As a water absorption material, superabsorbent polymer (SAP) has gained its popularity in agriculture and environmental remediations. This study conducted a comparative investigation on saturated water content of cinnamon soil mixed with SAP. Two SAPs, SAP1 and SAP2, with different behaviors were tested, where SAP1 is an organic superabsorbent polymer, and SAP2 is polyacrylic acid sodium salt polymer. The saturated water content of SAP composite cinnamon soil was investigated with the weighing method. The repeated water absorption capacity and dehydration behavior of SAP composite soil under different designed rainfall intensity were investigated with a soil column tester. The results showed that (1) cinnamon soil mixed with SAP increased the saturated soil water content, and SAP1 was more effective than SAP2; (2) SAP held strong water absorption ability and recycling efficiency with eight repeated absorption–dehydration tests; (3) the average dehydration time for SAP composite soil were 626 h and 1214 h under 5-year and 10-year design rainfall intensities. -
Superabsorbent Polymers
www.scifun.org Superabsorbent Polymers Absorbers and super absorbers If you spill a drink, your first impulse is probably to grab one or more paper napkins or paper towels to soak up, or absorb, the liquid. If the spill is large, several paper towels will be needed. Even a “quicker-picker-upper” can absorb only a small amount of liquid, before it is saturated (has absorbed all it can). What makes materials more or less absorbent in the first place? The answer is in their chemistry. We can harness the chemistry of polymers to build a better absorber: a super absorber. The word “polymer” means “many parts” (from the Greek: poly = many, meros = parts). A chemical polymer is a molecule made of many repeating units, monomers (mono = one, meros = parts), linked together through chemical bonds. It is useful to think of polymers as chains – a good analogy is a chain of paperclips (the monomers), Figure 1. Polymers are very versatile. They can form materials that are rigid like plastic water bottles or materials that are flexible, like plastic grocery bags. Note that polymeric materials are often called “plastics”. Figure 1. A chain of paperclips linked end-to-end like the individual molecules (monomers) that are chemically bonded to form a chemical polymer chain. Some polymers occur naturally. The most common polymer on Earth, cellulose, is a polymer of glucose molecules and is made (as a result of photosynthesis) by essentially every green plant. Cellulose forms part of a plant’s rigid structures, the wood in a tree trunk, for example. -
Stimuli-Responsive Poly(Aspartamide) Derivatives and Their Applications As Drug Carriers
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Stimuli-Responsive Poly(aspartamide) Derivatives and Their Applications as Drug Carriers Guangyan Zhang 1,2,* , Hui Yi 1 and Chenhui Bao 1 1 School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; [email protected] (H.Y.); [email protected] (C.B.) 2 Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Poly(aspartamide) derivatives, one kind of amino acid-based polymers with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, meet the key requirements for application in various areas of biomedicine. Poly(aspartamide) derivatives with stimuli-responsiveness can usually respond to external stimuli to change their chemical or physical properties. Using external stimuli such as tem- perature and pH as switches, these smart poly(aspartamide) derivatives can be used for convenient drug loading and controlled release. Here, we review the synthesis strategies for preparing these stimuli-responsive poly(aspartamide) derivatives and the latest developments in their applications as drug carriers. Keywords: poly(aspartamide) derivatives; stimuli-responsive; drug carrier; nanoparticles; hydrogel; polymer-drug conjugate; drug-loading; controlled drug release Citation: Zhang, G.; Yi, H.; Bao, C. Stimuli-Responsive Poly(aspartamide) Derivatives and 1. Introduction Their Applications as Drug Carriers. Though the carbon-carbon backbone is conducive to the stability of polymers, it also Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8817. limits the applications of these polymers in biomedical fields due to its low biocompat- http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168817 ibility and non-biodegradability. In the past decades, the interest in amino acid-based biodegradable polymers has increased significantly in biomedicine due to their good Academic Editors: Ádám Juhász and biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity of their degradation products. -
Development of Slow Release Nano Composite Fertilizer Using
DEVELOPMENT OF SLOW-RELEASE NANO-COMPOSITE FERTILIZER USING BIODEGRADABLE SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER By Benard Kiplangat Rop I80/50014/2015 Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry of the University of Nairobi November, 2019 1 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been submitted elsewhere for examination, award of degree or publication. Where other people’s work or my own has been used, this property has been acknowledged and referenced in accordance with the University of Nairobi’s requirements. Signature____________________ Date__________________________ Benard Kiplangat Rop I80/50014/2015 Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as research supervisors. 1. Dr. Damaris Mbui Signature________________ Date______________ Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi 2. Dr. George N. Karuku Signature________________ Date______________ Department of Land Resources & Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi 3. Dr. Njagi Njomo Signature________________ Date______________ Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi 4. Dr. Immaculate Michira Signature________________ Date______________ Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi i DEDICATION My wife Gladys for her constant love, support and encouragement throughout this journey; I couldn’t have done it without you. My sons, Brian, Ian and Allan ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to sincerely and gratefully thank my supervisors, Dr. Damaris Mbui, Dr. George N. Karuku, Dr. Njagi Njomo and Dr. Immaculate Michira, all from the University of Nairobi for their support, guidance, understanding and friendship during my studies. They gave me an opportunity to work independently with their guidance. -
Sodium Polyacrylate Superabsorbent Polymers SCIENTIFIC
Sodium Polyacrylate Superabsorbent Polymers SCIENTIFIC Introduction Water from one cup is poured into an “empty” cup (actually containing sodium polyacrylate) and the water “disappears!” Concepts • Polymers • Osmosis • Superabsorbents • Industrial chemistry Materials Sodium polyacrylate, 0.5 g Styrofoam® cups or other opaque containers, 2 Distilled or deionized water, 100 mL Safety Precautions Sodium polyacrylate is nontoxic. However, it is irritating to the eyes and also to nasal membranes if inhaled. Wear chemical splash goggles whenever working with chemicals, heat or glassware. Sodium polyacrylate is an obvious choice for student pranks. Be careful students do not have access to sodium polyacrylate outside of chemistry class. Please review current Material Safety Data Sheets for additional safety, handling, and disposal information. Pre-Lab Preparation Before the students come into the room, place 0.5 g of sodium polyacrylate in one of the Styrofoam cups. Procedure 1. Add approximately 100 mL of distilled or deionized water to the second Styrofoam cup. 2. Tell the students that the water will “disappear” when poured into the other cup. (You can tip the cup forward some- what to show that it is “empty”; it will be difficult to see the 0.5 g of sodium polyacrylate against the white Styrofoam cup.) 3. Slowly pour the water into the cup containing sodium polyacrylate. Swirl the cup a bit (give the sodium polyacrylate time to absorb the water). 4. Tip the cup downward slightly to show the students that the water has “disappeared”! (Don’t turn the cup upside down, or you may dump the jelly-like mass on the floor!) Disposal Please consult your current Flinn Scientific Catalog/Reference Manual for general guidelines and specific procedures, and review all federal, state and local regulations that may apply, before proceeding. -
Cross-Linked Polymer
s\ — Illl INI II III II I II 1 1 IN II II I II OJII Eur°Pean Patent Office <*S Office europeen des brevets (11) EP 0 856 539 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) |nt. CI.6: C08G 73/02 05.08.1998 Bulletin 1998/32 (21) Application number: 98101400.4 (22) Date of filing: 27.01.1998 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AT BE CH DE DK ES Fl FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC • Irizato, Yoshihiro NL PT SE Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa (JP) Designated Extension States: • Sukegawa, Makoto AL LT LV MK RO SI Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa (JP) • Katoh, Toshio (30) Priority: 30.01.1997 JP 16991/97 Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama (JP) 24.04.1 997 JP 1 07772/97 . Tamatani, Hiroaki 24.04.1 997 JP 1 07773/97 Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa (JP) (71) Applicant: (74) Representative: MITSUI CHEMICALS, INC. Strehl Schubel-Hopf & Partner Tokyo (JP) Maximilianstrasse 54 80538 Munchen (DE) (54) Cross-linked polymer (57) A cross-linked polymer containing, in its molecule, recurring units represented by the following formula (1), and having biodegradability and high water-absorbency: wherein R-| is a pendant group having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of acidic groups and salts thereof, a glycino group and salts thereof, cationic groups and betaine groups; X-| is NH, NRi', R^ being an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group, O or S; and n-\ is 1 or 2. < CO LO CO LO CO o Q_ LU Printed by Xerox (UK) Business Services 2.16.3/3.4 EP 0 856 539 A1 Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 1 . -
SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERS: a DIMINUTIVE REVIEW Madhuja Manoj Katkar Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
Journal of Textile and Clothing Science ISSN: 2581-561X (Online) http://www.jtcsonline.com REVIEW SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERS: A DIMINUTIVE REVIEW Madhuja Manoj Katkar Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Super absorbency is superior swelling abilities originate to Received 02 February 2019 absorb and retain large amounts of aqueous solutions. Super- Received in revised form 23 absorbent polymers are cross-linked networks of hydrophilic February 2019 polymer chains. With today’s demand for one-click solution, the Accepted 15 March 2019 development of superabsorbent technology has been largely 28/03/2019-Mar Keywords: directed by the needs of disposable hygiene segment, agriculture Absorbent, Agriculture, industry etc. Over the years, starch-grafted superabsorbent Industrial, Medical, Polymer, polymer turned into cross-linked acrylic homopolymers. This Water paper discusses concept, mechanism and major application areas of superabsorbent. 1. Introduction dissolving in water [2]. water uptake potential A Polymer is a large molecule composed of these materials goes as high as 100,000% of of several repeating units. 3-D crosslinked its own weight in a short period of time [3]. network of polymer molecules forms polymer The maximum volume of superabsorbent gels. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is polymers covers the synthetic or chemically or physically cross-linked polymer petrochemical source and mostly acrylic acid gels. When water meets one of these chains, it and its sodium or potassium salts, and is drawn into the molecule by osmosis. Water acrylamide is used in the industrial rapidly migrates into the interior of the production of superabsorbent polymers. -
Preparation of Injectable Hydrogel with Near-Infrared Light Response And
Zhao et al. Bioresour. Bioprocess. (2020) 7:1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-019-0289-x RESEARCH Open Access Preparation of injectable hydrogel with near-infrared light response and photo-controlled drug release Jianbo Zhao1,2, Xingxing Liang1, Hui Cao1* and Tianwei Tan1 Abstract Photo-controlled release hydrogel provides a new strategy for treating tumours. Under the stimulation of external light sources, the ability to release the entrapped drug on time and space on demand has outstanding advantages in improving drug utilisation, optimising treatment, and reducing toxicity and side efects. In this study, a photo- controlled drug delivery system for disulphide cross-linked polyaspartic acid (PASP-SS) hydrogels encapsulating proteinase K (ProK) adsorbed with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) was designed. The injectable cysteamine-modifed polyaspartic acid (PASP-SH) sol and PtNPs adsorbed by ProK (ProK-PtNPs) as regulatory factors were prepared. Then, ProK-PtNPs and lentinan were dissolved in the sol, and the oxidant was added to the matrix to form the gel in situ quickly after injection. Finally, the degradation of PASP-SS hydrogel by ProK and the controllability of drug release under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation were elucidated. In vitro degradation of hydrogels and drug release experi- ments showed that the degradation rate of PASP-SS hydrogel signifcantly increased and the drug release rate increased signifcantly under near-infrared radiation. The results of cytotoxicity test showed that PASP-SS, ProK-PtNPs, and lentinan all had more than 90% cell survival rate on NIH3T3, and the lentinan released from the carrier obviously inhibited the proliferation of MCF7. PASP hydrogel has the potential to respond to on-demand light control. -
Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge: Award Recipients, 1996
The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Recipients 1996—2014 Contents Introduction................................................................................................................1 2014 Winners Academic Award: Professor Shannon S. Stahl, University of Wisconsin-Madison .......................................................................2 Small Business Award: Amyris..................................................................................................................... 3 Greener Synthetic Pathways Award: Solazyme, Inc. ....................................................................................................... 4 Greener Reaction Conditions Award: QD Vision, Inc. ..................................................................................................... 5 Designing Greener Chemicals Award: The Solberg Company...........................................................................................6 2013 Winners Academic Award: Professor Richard P. Wool, University of Delaware ........................................................................................7 Small Business Award: Faraday Technology, Inc........................................................................................ 8 Greener Synthetic Pathways Award: Life Technologies Corporation ............................................................................. 9 Greener Reaction Conditions Award: The Dow Chemical Company...............................................................................10 -
Preparation and Analysis of Crosslinked
PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF CROSSLINKED LIGNOCELLULOSIC FIBERS AND CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS WITH POLY(METHYL-VINYL ETHER CO MALEIC ACID) – POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL TO CREATE NOVEL WATER ABSORBING MATERIALS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Lee Ann Goetz In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorate of Philosophy in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology December 2012 Copyright © Lee Ann Goetz 2012 PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF CROSSLINKED LIGNOCELLULOSIC FIBERS AND CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS WITH POLY(METHYL-VINYL ETHER CO MALEIC ACID) – POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL TO CREATE NOVEL WATER ABSORBING MATERIALS Approved by: Dr. Arthur Ragauskas, Advisor Dr. Lawrence A. Bottomley School of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Facundo Fernandez Dr. Yulin Deng School of Chemistry and Biochemistry College of Engineering, Chemical and Georgia Institute of Technology Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Preet Singh College of Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: December 2012 This is dedicated to my family and friends for their constant love, support, and encouragement of me throughout this journey. I couldn’t have done it without you. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank everyone who has helped me through the process of completing my doctoral studies. I would also like to thank my advisor, Arthur Ragauskas, the IPST@GT Foundation for my IPST GRA, and my committee members. Thank you to Kristiina Oksman and Aji Mathew for sponsoring me at Lulea University, Skelleftea, Sweden and Kristina Knutson for initially writing and receiving the NSF grant that allowed me to travel and study with them. -
Preparation of a Superabsorbent Polymer and Exploration of Its Properties
Preparation of a superabsorbent polymer and exploration of its properties A Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY Under Academic Autonomy NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA By Amrita Jagdev Under the guidance of Dr R.K.Patel Department of Chemistry NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA-769008(ORISSA) GUIDE CERTIFICATE Dr. R.K.PATEL M.Sc., PhD.FIC (INDIA) Sr. Lecturer of Chemistry Department National Institute Of Technology Rourkela-769008 Orissa This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “PREPARTION OF SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER AND EXPLORATION OF ITS PROPERTIES” submitted by Amrita Jagdev to the department of chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry is based on the result obtain in the bonafide project work carried out by her under my Guidance and supervision. I further certify that to the best of my knowledge Amrita Jagdev bears a good moral character. N.I.T, Rourkela Dr. R. K. Patel Date: 2 ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS The respect and gratitude for my guide Dr . R. K. Patel Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, cannot be expressed in words. I am grateful to him for devoting time for thought provoking and stimulating discussions in spite of his busy schedule. I thank him for his patience, guidance and regular monitoring of the work and inputs without which this work could have never come to fruition. Indeed, the experience of working under him is one of that I will cherish for ever. I also want to thank M.Islam for his support at every stage of my work. -
Polyaspartic Acid and Its Salts for Dispersing
Europaisches Patentamt (19) European Patent Office Office europeenpeen des brevets EP 0 688 347 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) intci.6: C08L 77/04, C08K5/17, of the grant of the patent: B01F 17/28, C08G 69/10, 24.11.1999 Bulletin 1999/47 C08G 73/06, B01F 17/00, C02F5/12 (21) Application number: 94909749.7 C11D3/37, (22) Date of filing: 15.02.1994 (86) International application number: PCT/US94/01886 (87) International publication number: WO 94/19409 (01.09.1994 Gazette 1994/20) (54) POLYASPARTIC ACID AND ITS SALTS FOR DISPERSING SUSPENDED SOLIDS VERWENDUNG VON POLYASPARAGINSAURE UND DEREN SALZEN ZUR DISPERSION VON SUSPENDIERTEN FESTSTOFFEN ACIDE POLYASPARTIQUE ET SES SELS UTILISES POUR DISPERSER DES SOLIDES EN SUSPENSION (84) Designated Contracting States: • LOW, Kim C. DE FR GB IT NL La Grange, Illinois 60525 (US) (30) Priority: 16.02.1993 US 18008 (74) Representative: Eddowes, Simon et al Hepworth Lawrence Bryer & Bizley, (43) Date of publication of application: Merlin House, 27.12.1995 Bulletin 1995/52 Falconry Court, Bakers Lane (73) Proprietor: DONLAR CORPORATION Epping, Essex CM16 5DQ (GB) Bedford Park, IL 60501 (US) (56) References cited: (72) Inventors: EP-A- 0 686 657 WO-A-92/16463 • KOSKAN, Larry, P. US-A- 3 846 380 US-A- 4 640 943 Orland Park, IL 60462 (US) DO Is- ^- CO 00 00 CO Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice the Patent Office of the Notice of shall be filed in o to European opposition to European patent granted.