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Internal Security FROM THE PRESIDENT'S DESK All members of CCSS join in to express their condolences for the sad demise of Shri Naresh Chandra, Patron and Maj Gen RK Malhotra, an active member of the Editorial Board of Chanakya. May God take them in his shelter. The Journal this time focuses on India's domestic scene and in particular, examines the importance of law & order and the police in the maintenance of internal security. Cross-border terrorism, Kashmir, Maoism, North-East, communal conflicts and regional discords are amongst the problem areas presently challenging the national and state security agencies. India's external and internal threats to security have a cause and effect relationship that makes it all the more important that the Centre-State coordination mechanisms work at the highest level of efficiency and unity of purpose. Police is often the first responder in dealing with a threat on the ground and this is reason enough for the states to acknowledge the enlarged role of the State Police that goes beyond the maintenance of law & order to the safeguarding of national security itself and to abide by the professional guidance coming in from the central security set up. The opening article, from the Governor of J & K, emphasises the need for the Centre to find ways and means of strengthening its oversight on the performance of the State Police. The problem in Kashmir is inextricably linked with cross-border terrorism, doings of the agents of Pakistan in the State and India's foreign policy challenge in relation to a hostile neighbour. The write up on North-East, from a former DG Assam Rifles, suggests that it was not necessary to put up with 'more of the same' there since the insurgent groups were no longer driven by the cause that had set off their movements originally and since the Government of India was now in a strong position to put the region on the path of sustainable development and peace. In an incisive scan of the external security environ, a write up from a former Commandant National Defence College describes the rise of the new threat to India from the Sino-Pak alliance reflected in the development of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on one hand and the rapid growth of Chinese maritime influence in the Asia-Pacific region, on the other. The CCSS Paper in the Journal highlights the strategic importance of the growing Indo-US convergence on the threat of Islamic terror, for India. The Journal is expanding its readership amongst strategic analysts, institutions and universities as well as those directly or indirectly concerned with policy making in the area of national security - judging from the responses received from many of them. Chanakya will endeavour to expand the arc of contributions and enrich the content across the spectrum. DC Pathak Former Director Intelligence Bureau President Editorial Board 1 Chanakya Journal of CCSS COMMENTS RECEIVED ON THE MARCH 2017 ISSUE OF CHANAKYA JOURNAL OF CCSS “This Journal is an excellent piece of work and the High Commission would certainly use it as a point of reference.” HE Mr Syed Muazzem Ali High Commissioner of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh “All the articles of this journal are highly informative and thought provoking as they have been written by experts on that particular field. Shri Keshari Nath Tripathi Hon’ble Governor of West Bengal “The March 2017 provides a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of contemporary subjects that would be of immense value to the policy makers and strategic analysts.” Admiral Sunil Lanba PVSM, AVSM, ADC Chief of the Naval Staff I find it extremely useful and topical. The seal of professionalism is noticeable in each article which is of very high quality. AB Mathur, IPS (R) Member, NSAB “The Journal consists of interesting and policy-oriented contributions by well-known strategic experts on topical issues and is being shared with our scholars.” Shri Jayant Prasad DG, Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses “Topics are contemporary and contents so very enriching.” Lt Gen Vinod Vashisht AVSM, VSM**, ADC DG, NCC & Senior Colonel Commandant Regiment of Artillery “The Journal will form useful input for our scholars and researchers. We compliment CCSS for their research work and convey our appreciation to the editorial team.” Lt Gen BS Nagal PVSM, AVSM, SM (Retd) Centre for land Warfare Studies (CLAWS) “The contents of the journal are interesting and well laid out and they make me admire your endeavours for making the articles very informative and instructive. The efforts put in and excellent work done by the team in bringing out this journal is commendable.” Lt Gen YVK Mohan SM, VSM Commandant, National Defence College “I wish to place on record our appreciation for an extremely comprehensive Journal. The articles were extremely well researched and contemporary which, considering the luminaries who authored them, was not surprising.” Maj Gen Neeraj Kapur Commandant, HQrs Armoured Corps Centre & School 2 CONTENTS 1 From the President’s Desk Sh DC Pathak 1 2 Editorial Dr SD Pradhan 4 3 List of Contributors 8 4 Internal Security Management: NN Vohra 11 the need for closer Centre-State understandings 5 Moving towards crime control Divakar Prasad 23 through investigation 6 Confronting internal security Lt Gen Kamal Davar (Retd) 34 challenges 7 State Police: need to enhance their Dr SD Pradhan 42 capabilities for preventive operations 8 Dealing with radicalisation in J&K Kapil Kaul 55 9 Internal Security: challenges for India Late Maj Gen RK Malhotra 67 (Retd) 10 North-East Conundrum: look East or Lt Gen Rameshwar Roy 74 act East? (Retd) 11 China - Pakistan economic V Adm P Kaushiva (Retd) 84 corridor 12 Situation in Kashmir - likelihood Maj Gen P K Chakravorty 99 of shift from sub conventional (Retd) operations to conventional conflict 13 Significance of Cyber Security for Vishal Verma 104 Indian Economy 14 J&K situation: requires firm handling Dr SD Pradhan 108 15 CCSS Paper Sh DC Pathak 115 16 Book Review Dr SD Pradhan 120 17 Book Review Dr Rakesh Datta 124 18 Book Review Dr Rakesh Datta 127 19 CCSS Organisation 131 3 Chanakya Journal of CCSS EDITORIAL During the period under review,India’s interaction with a number of countries at the highest level from Eurasia, US, Japan and Australia as also neighbouring countries, underlines that India is not only pursuing an energetic foreign policy but has also become more decisive in overcoming the historic hesitation. Modi’s foreign policy is guided by pragmatism with clearly defined national interests in terms of economic growth and strengthening of security of the country along with stress on cooperation, co-existence and partnership in international arena. Modi played host to a slew of leaders including the PMs of Malaysia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Australia besides the Presidents of Nepal, Cyprus and Turkey. His visits included Sri Lanka, Germany, Spain, Russia, Kazakhstan and the US. In the Second Raisina Dialogue (an annual conference on geo-politics and geo-economics organised since 2016 by MEA and was attended by delegates from 65 countries), Modi explained clearly the differences with China and explained India’s close partnership with US, Russia and Japan for the maintenance of stable security environment. He also pointed out India’s commitment to the vision for a “peaceful and harmonious” South Asia. Modi’s visit to Sri Lanka in May 2017 was aimed at furthering cultural connect with that country in line with India’s declared policy of “Neighbourhood First” that gives priority to building stronger ties with its neighbourhood. He went to participate in the celebrations marking the UN Vesak Day, the most important day in the Buddhist calendar, which commemorates Lord Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and passing away. Four bilateral pacts were also signed – agreement on visa, customs, youth development and building Rabindranath Tagore Memorial. He also promised to help in developing Trincomalee as a petroleum hub and announced a fresh Line of Credit up to USD 138 million for the railway sector in that country. Later, towards the end of May 2017, Modi went on a tour to four countries. In Germany, setting a roadmap for the bilateral strategic ties between India and Germany, Modi opened the fourth India-Germany Intergovernmental Consultations (IGC) with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin. India and Germany signed 8 deals, agreeing to cooperate in multiple sectors and exchange knowledge. In a joint press conference, Modi and Merkel addressed concerns related to the growing menace of terrorism and climate change. They spoke about increasing bilateral and economic ties between the two nations, which has already seen a ‘quantum’ jump. Germany is a valuable partner for India both at bilateral and international level and to create a broad coalition of ''middle powers''. Germany and India are on same wave length concerning China’s neo-colonial ‘Belt Road Initiative’. Modi’s next stop was Spain. He was the first Indian PM since 1988 to 4 Chanakya Journal of CCSS visit this country. Spain is the seventh largest trading partner in European Union. Two way trade totalled USD 5.27 billion in 2016. Seven agreements were signed between the two countries, including on cyber security, technical cooperation in civil aviation, transfer of sentenced persons, visa waiver for diplomatic passport holders, organ transplantation, renewable energy and cooperation between Indian Foreign Service Institute and Diplomatic Academy of Spain. Indian PM Modi and Spanish President, Mariano Rajoy, stressed the importance of resolving the disputes in the strategic South China Sea in accordance with the universally recognised principles of international law. The two leaders reiterated their commitment to the freedom of navigation and over flight and unimpeded commerce based on the principles of international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
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