Special Libraries, October 1968

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10-1-1968

Special Libraries, October 1968

Special Libraries Association

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Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, October 1968" (1968). Special Libraries, 1968. 8. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1968/8

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October 1968, vol. 59, no. 8

Preservation Automated Typewriter Programs Special Libraries on the Campus A Curriculum Proposal

SOVIET AERONAUTICS APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY SOVIET APPLIED MECHANICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS AND TECHNICAL PHYSICS APPLIED SOLAR ENERGY JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY ASTROPHYSICS AUTOMATIC CONTROL AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION AhD MATHEMATICAL LINGUISTICS APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AhD MICROBIOLOGY CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPObhDS CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS MENOELEEV CHEMISTRY JOURNAL MOSCOW UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY BULLETIN SOVIET PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY TrlEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY COMBUSTION, EXPLOSION. AND SHOCK WAVES RADIO ELECTROhlCS AhD COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCJC COMPOUNOS CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS AUTOMATICCONTROL CYBERNETICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL LINGUISTICS FLUID DYNAMICS SOVIET ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING RADIO ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS RADIOPHYSICS AN0 QUANTUM ELECTRONICS APPLIED SOLAR ENERGY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS SOVIET ELECTRICA. ENGINEERING D FFERENTIAL EQUATIONS THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY COMBUSTION EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES FLUID DYNAMICS SOVIET GENETICS CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL LINGUISTICS MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS SOVIET MATERIALS SCIENCE AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL LINGUISTICS MOSCOW UNIVERSITY MATHEMATICS BULLETIN MECHANICS OF SOLIDS JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS AND TECHNICAL PHYSICS MOSCOW UNIVERSITY MECHANICS BULLETIN POLYMER MECHANICS SOVIET APPLIED MECHANICS APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNOS JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS AND TECHNICAL PHYSICS JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS MOSCOW UNIVERSITY PHYSICS BULLETIN SOVIET PHYSICS JOURNAL POLYMER MECHANICS RADIOPHYSICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS RADIO ELECTRONICS AN0 COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS RADIOPHYSICS AN0 WANTUM ELECTRONICS COMBUSTION. EXPLOSION, AND SHOCK WAVES APPLIED SOLAR ENERGY MECHANICS OF SOLIDS JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS AND TECHNICAL PHYSICS THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION COMBUSTION. EXPLOSION, AND SHOCK WAVES MAJOR SOVIET SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS IN

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Preservation of Library Materials: The State of the Art 608 Hannah B. Priedman

Preservation Costs and Standards 614 Frazer G. Poole

Fire and Water: Book Salvage in New York and in Florence 620 Menahem Schmelzer

Adapting the IBM MT/ST for Library Applications 626 Robert I. Hirst

Research Unit Libraries as Special Libraries on the Campus 634 Robert P. Haro

The Role of the Departmental Libraries in Operations Research Studies in a University Library: Part 2 638 Theodora Andrews

Education for Special Librarianship: A Curriculum Proposal 646 Erik Bromberg

Features

LTP Reports to SLA 645 Marjorie E. Weissman

Have You Heard 649

Off the Press 652

Index to Advertisers 660

Acting Editor: F. E. MCKENNA Assistant Editor: ELAINEC. HARRIS

Special Libraries Committee Chairma~r:Mns. CHARLOTTEM. DEVERS.North Castle Public Library MARYKLANIAN. Advanced Systems Development Division, IBM MRS.ANNE J. RICHTER.R. R. Bowker Company

IKUEXFD in Ausine\s Prriod~~alrIndrr, I)ortr~nrr~ln/ion.-lhif~arls, Hislorifnl .-lh$frarlc. Ho.sf~ital Lilrrattlrr In- dex, Library Literatur~,Library Srienrr .4h~trart.s,Alnnaprrrrrnt Indrx and Pl~hlicAflairs Information Service. I'aprrs lmhlr.\lrrd irr SPFCIAI. 1.IBRARIES r.v/~~r.uIlrr, z~ir7c.s of Ilrr ori1lror.r nnd do not represent the ofinion or fhv fiolrry of tire rdiforinl staff or Ilrr /~~ihit.\lrr~. S~ibwri/~Iturr~:1'. -\. IIU~Canada $20.00; add $1.50 lmtagr for olhrr cou?~lrie;si~rylr ro/~!r\,$2.75. 0 ..lrrnrtnl n~tll~o~-fillr-~t~l~j~~~findrs fitrblidrrd riGllr I)rrrmbr,- i*rle. @ 1968 hy Sprrinl Librnrie~A.~.sucialior~. St'F.C:IAI. 1.IRKARIF.S i\ {,zihlt~/rdby Sperial I.ihrorir, A,,- soriation, monthly Selhmber to April, birnonlldy Mny to AII~IL~~.Edilorid oflirr~:235 Park Aorntle South, .Ye70 Yurk 10003. Second class postage laid at Arni/lrboro, Vermont 05301. POSTAJASTER: Srrrd Form 7579 to 235 Park Allenue Soulh, New York 10003. President HERBERTS. WHITE Leasco Systems and Research Corp., NASA Facility P. 0.Box 33, College Park, Maryland 20740 President-Elect ROBERTW. GIBSON,JR. General Motors Corp., Research Laboratories 12 Mile & Mound Roads, Warren, Mich. 48090 Advisory Council Chairman MRS.CHARLOTTE S. MITCHELL Library, Miles Laboratories, Inc. Elkhart, Indiana 465 14 Advisory Council Chairman-Elect HELENJ. WALDRON The RAND Corporation 1700 Main St., Santa Monica, Calif. 90406 Treasurer JEANDEUSS Research Library, Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1967-70 Federal Reserve P. 0. Station, New York 10045 Past-President MRS.ELIZABETH R. USHER Art Reference Library The Metropolitan Museum of Art Fifth Avenue and 82nd Street, New York 10028 Directors MRS.THEODORA A. ANDREWS Pharmacy Library, Purdue University 1966-69 Lafayette, Indiana 47907 ROSEMARYR. DEMAREST Price Waterhouse & Co. 1968-71 60 Broad Street, New York 10004 MRS.GLORIA M. EVANS Production and Engineering Library 1967-70 Parke, Davis & Company, Detroit, Michigan 48232 CHARLOTTEGEORGI Graduate School of Business Administration Library 1966-69 University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 EFRENW. GONZALEZ Scientific Division, Bristol-Myers Products Secretary, 1967-70 1350 Liberty Avenue, Hillside, New Jersey 07207 BURTONE. LAMKIN Federal Aviation Agency 1968-71 800 Independence Ave. S.W., Washington, D. C. 20553 Executive Director GEORGEH. GINADER Special Libraries Association 235 Park Avenue South, New York 10003 SLA Translations Center John Crerar Library, 35 West 33rd Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616 Membership 1968 DUES. Active or Associate $20; Affiliate $15 ; Student $2 ; Emeritus $5. 1969 DUES. Active, Associate or Affiliate $30; Student $5 ; Emeritus $5. The onetime payment for Active (Paid for Life) Membership is $250 for payments received through Sept. 30, 1968, and $350 for payments received after October 1, 1968. York Journal & include four historical newspapers from 1777-82, one roll. After the British The New York Public Library. seized New York, publisher John Holt's Published prior to and during the first issue came from Kingston, N.Y. Revolutionary War. Each available on (the &st on this microfilm roll). Later 35mm microfilm from 3M IM/PRESS. this patriot fled to Poughkeepsie, These four newspapers are priced at and continued publishing war news. $18 per roll. You can order the entire Order your today! set of 16 rolls for $288. 3@ ~~p~ss Order the New York Gazette, r------. 1726-41, 1744, two rolls. William I 3M IM/PRESS Bradford was the editor of New York's I TimesP.O. Box Square 720, Dept. FCS-78 first newspaper. It continued for nearly N,, york, N.Y. 10036 20 years printing foreign news, state 1 papers and lists of &ips entered and I O Please send the four early American cleared. It was later changed to the 1 Newspaper$288. Titles on microfilm for New York Garotte and a Send only the Newspaper Titles @ 17 New York Mercury, 1752-83, I $18 per roll listed below: nine rolls. Famous for advertisements, I crime news and piracy stories. During I the Revolutionary War, its publisher I became a turncoat to earn more I Send the 1968 Catalog of Titles money and was called "the greatest I listing the entire series of News- liar upon the earth" by the Patriots. I paper Titles. Rivington's New York Gazetteer, I a My check for $----is enclosed. 1773-83, four rolls. Although his I Please bill me. Gazetteer was considered "one of the I best and most widely circulated papers 1 NAME I in. the colonies," James Rivington FIRMOR LIBRARY was called the "best hated of all the Tory editors." The name was later 1 ADDRESS changed to the Royal Gazette. New I CITY STATEZIP-

OCTOBER1968 585 DOW JONES Publications in MICROFORM.

Microimaged information

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September and J~~~~~~-D~~~~~~~, . , clippings arranged in rows and columns. Top strip of each $750.00 OR: ~i~~lcumulative filming dis- microfiche is color coded and titled to identify the new tributed at end of last quarter, breaking file by subject and cumulative release periods. It is con- down all wall street ~~~~~~l articles by venient to find the information on any specific subject subject for an entire year . . . $375.00 which appeared throughout the year. An example of microfiche compactness is that 1000 f~che would contain 72,000 images of clippings and require a mere 10 by 6 inches of space. PROCEEDINGS NOW AVAILABLE 9th Annual West Coast Reliability Symposium "Utilization of Reliability", February 16, 1968 Contents include: The evolution of a System Engineering and Reliability Pro- gram; StressIStrength Models, A Solution to Accelerated Life Testing; System Safety-Implementation in the Reliability Program; Primer of Markov Chain Applications to Reliability Problems. $12.50 8th Annual West Coast Reliability Symposium "Spectrum of Reliability", February 18, 1967 Contents include: Problem Solving for Reliability Improvement; Some Aspects of Sequential Analysis; Dynamic Mechanism Reliability by Monte Carlo Meth- ods. $12.50 7th Annual West Coast Reliability Symposium "Industrial Progress Through Reliability", May 14,1966 Contents include: A Procedure for Estimating Performance and Reliability Trend Effects; Cost Analysis of Reliability Programs; Reliability Requ~rements for Extended Space Flights. $12.50 6th Annual West Coast Reliability Symposium "Active Reliability", February 20, 1965 Contents include: Reliability Engineering and Success in Space Exploration; Operations Review Plan for Reliability Management; A Unified Theory of Engi- neering Material Testing; A Management Technique for Assuring Reliability Contract Performance. $20.00 5th Annual West Coast Reliability Symposium "Reliability in American Industry", February 19,1964 Contents include: Reliability Requirements in Technical Proposals; Relation- ship Between Reliability and the Periodicity of Scheduled Maintenance; The Basic Concepts of Reliability Measurement and Prediction. $7.50

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Send me more information on the Micrographic Catalog Retrieval System. Have your representative call me for an appointment. Fall 1968 MIT Press Abstract Syntax and Latin Complementation Robin T. Lakoff $12.50 Abstracts of Theses 1963-64 MIT $6.95 Abstracts Of Theses 1964-65 MIT $6.95 Ancient Greek A New Approach Carl Ruck $10.00 Annals of the International Years of the Quiet Sun Vol. 2 Solar and Geophysical-- Events 1960-65 $15.00 Annals of the International Years of the Quiet Sun Vol. 3 The Proton Flare Project $20.00 Applied Statistical Decision Theory Howard Raiffa and Robert Schlaifer $3.95 Bibliography of the History oKhnology Eugene S. Ferguson, compiler $12.50 Climb to Greatness The American Aircraft Industry, 1920-196~~8.~ae12.00 Coasts E. C. F. Bird $7.50 Computer Methods in the Analysis of Large-Scale ~oc~~temsJames M. Beshers, editor $12.50 Economic Cooperation in Latin America, Africa, and Asia Miguel S. Wionczek, editor $15.00 Engineers and Engineering of the-Renaissance William Barclay Parsons $8.50 From Leibniz to Peano A Concise p is tory of ~athematicailogicN. I. Styazhkin $12.50 Functions of a Complex Variable Vladimir I. Smirnov and N. A.Cebedev $17.50 The Great Art or the Rules of Algebra Giorla-mo Cardano 510.00 The Internal-Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice, Vol. Ii. C. Fayette Taylor $50.00 Introduction to Mathematical Logic A. A. Stoiyar $7.50 Japan's Managerial System Tradition and Innovation M. Y. Yosh~~o~,OO Library Effectiveness A Systems Approach Philip M. Morse $10.00 Library of School Mathematics Vol. 2 and Vol. 3 1. M. Gelfand, general editor $6.00 ea. pp - Malnutrition, Learning, and Behavior Nevin S. Scrimshaw-- and John E. Gordon, editors $12.50 The Man ol Many Qualities A Legacy of the 1 Ching R. G. H. Siu 56.95 -- Molecular Spectroscopy with Neutrons H. Boutin and Sidney Yip $10.00 .- The Perceptron A Theory of Parallel Geometric Computation ~arvi-our Papert 510.00 Paper, $4.95 Planning for Growth ~ult~sec-emGral- - Models ~~plied-kichard.. - S. Eckaus and Kirt S. Parikh $20.00 Principles of Architectural History Paul Frankl $1250 Project lcarus M.I.T. Students System Project $10.00 - - Project Romulus M.I.T. Students System Project $10.00 ------Quantum Physics and the Philosophical Tradition Aage Petersen $7.50 The R8D Game Technical Men, Technical Managers. and Research Productivity David Allison, editor 86.95 Rabelais and His World M. Bakhtin $15.00 Shaping an Urban Future Bernard J. Frieden and William Nash, editors $7.50- Structures Technology for Large Radio and Radar Telescope Systems James-- W. Mar, editor $15.00 Systems Simulation lor Regional Analysis Henry R. Hamilton, general editor $15.00 -- -- Team 10 Primer Alison Smithson, editor $5.95 Tensile Structures Volume It Structures of Cables. Nets, and Membranes-- Frei Otto, editor $18.50 Training-. - in Indexing. .-- - G. Norman Knight, editor $7.95 .- TrovalJules OlitskiISeven Montreal Artists Wayne Andersen, general editor $3.50/$3.001$2.95 The U.S. Machine Tool Industry from 1900 to 1950 Harless D. Wagoner $15.00 New in the MIT Paperback Series- On Human Communication Colin Cherry MIT-91 $2.95 The Spirit of Chinese Politics Lucian W. Pye MIT-92 $2.95 --The Genesis of Language Frank Smith and George A. Miller, editors MIT-93 $2.95 Perlorming Arts-The Economic Dilemma William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen MiT-94 $3.95 p-p Language of Politics Harold D. Lasswell, Nathan Leites, and Associates MIT-95 $2.95 - - The Modulor Le Corbusier MIT-96 $3.45 Modulor 2 Le Corbusier MIT-97 $3.45 Readings in Mathematical Social SciencePaul F. Lazarsfeld and Neil W. Henry editors MiT-98 $3.45

~ ~p Reflections on Big Science Alvin M. Weinberg MIT-99 $1.95 Intentions in Architecture Christian Norberg-Schulz MIT-101 $4.95 Scientists Against Time James Phinney Baxter MIT-101 $3.95 The Voice of the Phoenix Postwar Architecture in Germany John E. Burchard MIT-102 $3.95 The Estimation of Probabilities I. J. Good MiT-103 $2.45 Europe and the Dollar Charles P. Kindleberger MIT-104 53.95 All prices tentative -

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.-IS1 has, in effect, reduced the price of SCI by made available to you. Each access point 20%. When you purchase a five-year run of represents an avenue of approach into the SCI for 1964-1968, including the quarterlies current scientific literature-a starting point for 1968, you pay only an average $1000 for in a search-that enables you to extract pre- each year. The arithmetic is simple: you pay cisely that information which is most relevant the seme price for the 1968 SCI as to each of your scientist's particular when it started in 1964-$1250- needs-time and time again. but you get the 1964 and 1965 at- A recent article by C. C. Spencer illus- editions at half-price, sav- trates the unique role of SCI in the li- ing $1250 in all. In other brary. "Subject Searching with words, you get those five Gu Fmm Science Citation Index: Prepara- years of SCI for the price of tion of a Drug Bibliogra- four-a total discount of 20%. rht ~gCT& phy Using Chemical And consider this: Although Absfracts, Index the price in 1968 is the same Medicus, and Science -$1250-as in 1964, the Citation Index 1961 and 1964" number of journals cov- %~ailahlecan be found in American ered by SCI has tripled C/ Documentation, Vol. 18, No. 2, -an increase from 700 in pages 87-96 (1 967). 1964 to over 2000 in 1968! qOuww --2- A final word of caution at- Each calendar-year to forward-looking librar- edition of SCI is a ians: We all resent completely different ,fbr m?ybew@the high charges and permanently made for reprinted edi- valuable referen-ce tions of important biblio- tool. Each quarterly alone is a graphical works. So don't wait storehouse of information (and until SCI is out of print. We do the quarterly issues can also not have an inexhaustible sup- be used in satellite ibrar ply Indeed SCI sales have ies). Each annual is truly %(IJ"i' exceeded our expectations and a record of the year's research- supplies will be exhausted w~thinthe next the only calendar-year index published. few years. Don't be misled by false claims-SCI is a?- Now is the time for you to act. If you are the only index for science published based planning a new library, reserve your SCI set on the concept of citation indexing. !SI in- now. at,% at,% at,% at,% at,% A',% vented the SCI. SCI is the only index in which CCPFCFC you can trace the path of related scientific t We ought to know. We a~so'~ublishthe ideas through the years and across the arbi- largest title index in the world. (It's called trary boundaries imposed by conventional Permuterm@ and it's sold to our SCI cus- classification systems and title indexing.? tomers at a special discount.) Can you afford 6c a day- for the most significant reference book in your library?

BOOKS IN PRINT 1968 lists by author and title more than 245,000 in-print US. bc with current price, publisher, binding, put date. The Titles lndex also inc~udesa~com~letelist of all known U.S. publishers and their addresses. This two-volume bookfinder includes more than 100,000 changes since last year's book, pll some 30,000 new titles. In addition, about 19,000 out-of-print titles have been deleted. Every year the story's the same-more changes, more new books, more 0.p. titles. That's why I library can afford to be without each new edition. BOOKS IN PRINT represents an annual investment of twenty-two dollars (less than 6c a day). It pa: for itself over and over when you, your staff, and your patrons are equipped with fast answers reference questions, with current ordering information on just about every available US. boo If you have a subject but not a title or an author, try SUBJECT GUIDE TO BOOKS IN PRlNT 1968. Th single volume classifies some 175,000 titles from BOOKS IN PRINT according to 30,000 Library Congress subject headings-with 39,000 cross references. And for even more details on a title, there's PUBLISHERS' TRADE LlST ANNUAL 1968. Here in alph betical order are the actual trade order lists of 1600 U.S. publishers. Many of these catalogs i clude brief descriptions of the books, as well as information on publishers' representative discount and returns policies, books in a series, and more. Free offer. Use these valuable bookfinders for 30 days without charge. Then, if you don't feel tht do the job, just send them back. We'll promptly cancel your bill. Postpaid price for the two-volume BOOKS IN PRINT: $21.85 net in the U.S. and Canada; $24 els where. Postpaid price for SUBJECT GUIDE: $19.25 net in the U.S. and Canada; $21.10 elsewher Postpaid price for the four-volume PUBLISHERS' TRADE LlST ANNUAL: $14 net in the U.S. and Ca ada; $15.40 elsewhere. In New York please add applicable sales tax. BOOKS IN PRINT and SUBJEc GUIDE, ready October. PUBLISHERS' TRADE LlST ANNUAL, ready September. R. R. Bowker Company 1180Avenue of the Americas, New York 10036 Publishers to the Book World Since 1872 14 Good Reasons Why You Should Spend $1250 a Year for a Permuterm"Subject Index

MULTI-ENTRY INDEXING The key EXTENSIVE COVERAGE The PSI 1 to PSFM indexing is title indexing 8 for 1967 covers 300,000 scientific in-depth by presenting alphabetized entries and technological items. for every possible pairing of words in titles and subtitles. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION All 9 the source items are listed alpha- SPEED AND FLEXIBILITY PSl's betically by author in the accompanying 2 technique of pairing words enables Source Index. The source material identi- the user to locate any combination of fies type of items as well as all co-authors terms quickly without having to examine and includes full bibliographic details. a number of irrelevant items under a particular term. CROSS-REFERENCED AUTHORS 1.0Comprehensive cross-references are 3 SPECIFICITY AND SELECTIVITY provided for every co-author. Thus, all PSI searches involving a single current articles by a given author can be term are quick and efficient. Searches identified in one place in the Source Index. involving two or more terms are especially easy, as simple as an alphabetical look-up. CALENDAR YEAR COVERAGE The Terms may even be used to exclude cer- 11 PSI is a calendar year index and, tain types of information. for the journals covered, includes all items published and available by the end of 4 UNIQUENESS The PSI is a "natural the year. language" indexing system based on the real language of science, the cur- O TRANSLATION Foreign language titles are indexed under the corre- rent living vocabulary used today by pub- 12 lishing authors, not indexers. sponding English terms. Judicious man- machine editing has been applied as much as possible to standardize spelling varia- COMPREHENSIVENESS The PSI 5 tions. policy of indexing all articles within a journal, regardless of discipline, prevents coverage gaps associated with the selec- RELIABILITY The PSI is produced tive subject indexes. 13 by ISI, leader in producing proven information retrieval and dissemination services. 6 JOURNAL SELECTION The PSI selection of important journals in SAVINGS If you're already a sub- all important fields is based, in part, on scriber to the Science Citation highly accurate citation analyses of their 14 Index,@ you can save an extra $550. The articles, not a mindless lifting of titles from price of the PSI to SClQ subscribers is a other lists. low $700. MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCOPE The 7 PSI covers over 90 disciplines. And there is more. Find out for yourself. Write categorizing the journals by subject and today to Dept. 26-91. We'll send details, infor- ,by country. mation and sample formats.

Institute for Scientific Information 325 Chestnut Street, Ph~ladelphia, f'ennsylvmia 19100, USA I=!" Sincc 1938, I'III\~r-itv llicrofilnls has bccn nccum IIIS tht1 \vorId'> plll>ll>l~~dk~~o\vledge. \Vhen you fi~~tlI( dltt~c 1111 to declde what you need n~ldfind wh.lt !tr11 IIC,(1. \\t,c.111 hc4p. Send f'orourfre~ C~~JIOSSor talk iv1tI1 1,111. 11( Id r~pr~~entntives. \Ve're bpcc~.~I~\t\.111 h~lping yo11 st-lcct source nlate~ OnIDema+Publishing Current and Backfile Periodicals on Microfilm \Ve h~\-c~o\ c r l 1100nlt,dl,rn pc~riodic:tlson 35rnm positive, mlcrohlni. .\ g~~tlst~lt 1s our Basic Collectio: :35 pcrlodicals III~lutli~l:: Scic,~ltific Amc:rican. Atlantic Time,. I.if(, A nlorc c.o~n~rcht,~is~\.c,collection consists of 08 tit1 (Both colltx ~IOII\~nel~~dc our ~nicrofiln~ re:~der.) \\'e ulw h:i\ t, 1.3.000 Ir.ickfilc pcr~od~cals.prol'essio scicntihc. trxic. E.irl\. l,:nqlish. Amrrican, Chinese, Russi;~n.~VV~IYIIIIL 111 :III~ n~wsp;~ptw. Doctoral Dissertations Ilow do you knon what new dissertations are bei \vrittt.n7 I1wry montl~\vr p~lblish"l)iw-rtation Ab: containing :rb~tr.~ct>ol vier 1.800 IICW dissertatioli wrlttell at more t1i.m 190 doc tornte-granting uni\~i sitirs in tllc II S. .n~dC~ulada. Ilo~vdo yo11 find out lt' a dlsscrtation cxi n cert,clll sublc~t?'I'll<, solut~on is DATKIX A computcri/cd s\steln that scarches the 1 dissertations in our hlrs and retrieves title: pertinent dissc.rt:itions with n speed t brings rciults in days instcad of week Yo11 (~111order complete di tions on :3.5mm posltive micr or bound xerographic copies ok for things when we've already found them.

fit-of-Print Books Novyi Mir we don't have the book you're looking for, we'll find Novyi Mir from 1925-1944. A complete uncensored Im it, clear copyright, pay royalties and send it to you. reprint, very rare in both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. 'hether we find the book in Timbuktu or in our collec- of 50,000 old and new titles; whether the original is Equipment h $10 or $10,000, the cost is the same. A penny-and- .University Microfilms Reader rd a page for 35mm positive microfilm. Four cents Many of our periodicals, books and dissertations are :e for a paperbound xerographic copy. Six cents on microfilm. So we also offer a quality microfilm reader. :e for a copy in a foreign language. It's portable, easy to use, and it's only $125 postpaid. Enough said? American Prose Fiction That's pretty much the story of University Microfilms. iis microfiln~series includes almost all of the 5,600 So let us know what you need. We can help you help ,inLyle Wright's definitive bibliography covering the everybody from school children to doctoral candidates. ~dfrom 1774 to 1873. We keep over 600,000 old and new titles downstairs in our vaults. But, if what you need isn't here, we'll find it Early English Books for you. Even if we end up in the Zillerthal Alps like we vo collections: The first is based on Pollard and did last year to microfilm 11th and 12th century manu- rave's short-title catalog, 26,500 titles from 1473-1640. scripts in monastic scriptoria. ;econd includes the Wing bibliography, 90,000 titles Where do you think we'd go for you? shed from 1640-1700. Why should you look for things when we've already found them. Facsimile Reprints Send us your name, address and the numbers Vanity Fair of the cataloes vou want. I. ~om~let~~;rlodlcalsRcfcrence Catalog is magazine is an exciting social, political and cul- 2. Baslc and Comprehensive Perlod~calCollections history of 1913-1936,told in words and pictures by 3. Catalogs of ~ut'-of.~rintBooks lost talented people of the day. In 33 volumes, plus A) Bibliography, Library Science, General Works c, B) Business and Economics C) Education D) Fine it is an encyclopedia of an era. Arts and Architecture E) History, Political Science F) Language and Literature G) Law and Public Administration H) Philosophy and The March of America Collection Psychology I) Religion J) Sociology and Statistics. ie hundred hardbound titles covering 400 years of 4. Early American Books and Periodicals cican history, written by the men who made it. From 5. American Prose Fiction Columbus Letter of 1493" through the closing of the 6. Early English Literary Periodicals 7. Earlv English Books ier in 1893. 8. ~ac&mil~l

University Microfilms, A Xerox Company 306 North Zeeb Road,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 XEROX Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Expert Service on announces . . . MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS for SPECIAL LIBRARIES

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F. W. FAXON GO., INC. 515-525 Hyds Park Avenue Boston, Mass. 02131 Continuous Service To Libraries Since 1886 ANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECH NOLOGY-V0.L. 3 / Complete composition, press Here is the most complete and dependable anal- and pamphlet binding facilities, cou- ysis of recent accomplishments and trends in the pled with the knowledge and skill information sciences. gained through fifty years of experi- It reviews and evaluates the most significant developments of the past year. It reflects the major ence, can be put to your use-profitably shifts in emphasis in areas of application. And this new edition, Volume 3, features enlarged or special sections on: Automation of technical processes inlibraries Document retrieval anddissemination lnformation networks Systems application in Education and Medicine Professional aspects of THE VERMONT lnformation Science 81 Technology Plus others. Write to the address below to reserve your copy. PRINTING COMPANY

RESERVE YOUR COPY NOW-BEFORE OCT. 20 PUBLICATION DATE-AND PAY ONLY $1 2.95. Brattleboro, Vermont (REGULAR PRICE: $15.00) 10-DAY FREE EXAMINATION PRIVILEGE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, INC. PRINTERS OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL Annual Reviews OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 lnternational Classification Of Patents September I st 1968 is the date that the new lnternational Classification of Patents for Invention will come into force and it is expected to be used by all Patent Offices throughout the world. From that date the publishers will ensure that this new Classification, containing more than 46,000 sub-divisions, will be available in English and French. On purchase of a set, the publishers undertake to supply all amendments, FREE OF CHARGE, for a period of 5 years from the date of publication. The official Catchword lndex to the classification key will be made available in English, French and German, at a later date. The price will be $1 2 ( f 5) per copy.

0 Publication date 1st September 0 420 pages per volume approx. 0 3 volumes with ring binders 0 $84(&35) per set of three volumes 0 Free Five-year Amendment Service

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1 Volume (26 1 Volume (26 Issues) of I Issues) of ~f you would like to pack a lot into a small space, CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS on Microfilm will suit your needs. All 3.8 million abstracts published since 1907 are filmed I on Microfilm on 16 mm microfilm to-form a readily accessible file documenting 60 years of chemical progress. To find out how you can use this modern information tool in Your oroeram. write or teleDhone E. G. Johnson. You can find abstracts quickly and easily, using a subscriber lnforiation ~epartment(614 293-5022). variety of microfilm reader-printer equipment. Abstracts may be photocopied at the touch of a button, eliminating CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE the need to make handwritten notes. As a consequence users report a substantial time saving and increasing American Chemical Society use of CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS. Columbus, Ohio 43216

reference rn shelf 1. YEARBOOK OF THE UNITED NATIONS The annual editions of the Yearbook constitute the major reference work of the organization. They provide a year-by-year record of the multitude of activities which are dealt with in and through the United Nations. Twentieth edition: Yearbook of the United Nations 1966,fully indexed, 1226 pages. Clothbound, $25.00. 2. EVERYMAN'S UNITED NATIONS A basic history of the United Nations family from 1945 to 1965, presented accurately and without bias, which fulfils the needs of both the expert and the casual reader. Eighth edition, fully indexed, 634 pages. Clothbound $6.00,paperbound $2.50. 3. UNITED NATIONS MONTHLY CHRONICLE Designed for everyone learning or teaching about the United Nations, every issue of the Chronicle contains a complete record of the month, describing the proceedings, decisions and resolutions of the main UN organs and committees, articles by distinguished contributors, a picture section and notes of the month. Annual subscription in USA and Canada $7.00. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS, ROOM 1059, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017

602 SPECIAL LIBRARIES WORLD MEETINGS must form a part ready reference collection of every good scientific and technical library

The World Meetings publications-World Meetings Information included in the World Meetings publi- . . . United States and Canada and World Meetings cations is obtained entirely by direct inquiry to the . . . Outside U.S.A. and Canada-are the definitive organizers of the meetings rather than from sec- references to meetings and their literature. They ondary sources. All listings are verified and up- supply inforn~ationin depth on future meetings of dated at three-month intervals. interest to the scientific, medical, and engineering cotnmunities throughout the world. These journals The World Meetings publications are conlpiled, are completely revised and cumulated each quarter edited, and indexed by a full-time professional and represent the most complete and accurate staff and are reviewed regularly by our editorial archive of information on meetings available. advisory boards of distinguished engineers, scientists, physicians, and information experts. These Detailed listings give information on the technical reviews ensure the user that the publications keep content, publications, exhibits, deadlines for pa- abreast of the rapidly changing worlds of science, pers, name, date, and location of each meeting in engineering, and medicine. addition to the names and addresses of the persons to contact for further information in these areas. With the scientific and technical conimunity spending more than $1 billion each year on meetings, Five pre-coordinated. conlputer-produced indexes can you afford to have this reference more than an give quick access to the data in the listings. A arm's length away? system of invariant registry numbers grcatly sim- Send the coupon now. plifies the problem of following any meeting from issuc to issue and provides the librarian with a method of using World Meetings as an aid to the w R L D A Service of. TMIS cataloging and retrieval of meetings literature. tMwws

World Meetings. . . United States and Canada . . . $25* annual subscription Quarterly (Jan., Apr., Jul., Oct.) *$35 as of January 1969 World Meetings. . . Outside U.S.A. and Canada ...... $35 annual subscription Quarterly (Jan., Apr., Jul., Oct.)

- I I TMIS, 79 Drumlin Road, Newton Centre, Mass. 02159, U.S.A. I I Start my subscription to: I NAME 1 World Meetings. . . United States and Canada I World Meetings. . . Outside U.S.A. and Canada COMPANY 1 0s is enclosed (U.S. funds) Please bill me 3 ADDRESS 1 Please send a sample of: I CITY- # World Meetings. . . United States and Canada I World Meetings. . . Outside U.S.A. and Canada STATE ZIP- I BRITISH Save time Keep abreast TECHNOLOGY INDEX

Current subject guide to 390 British technical journals Specific indexing Minimal time lag

Monthly Parts and bound Annual Volume $55 Annual Volume alone $37 THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 7 Ridgmount St. Store St. London, W.C. 1 ., England

NEWEST from SLA . . . SELECTED MATERIALS IN CLASSIFICATION Compiled by BARBARADENISON

1968 Soft Cover 142 pages (8% x 11) $10.75 LC 68-19707

This volume is an updated expansion of the fifth edition of the Guide to the SLA Loan Collection, which was published in 1961. It lists about 1,500 titles in the Bibliographic Systems Center collection at the School of Library Science, Case Western Reserve University. Part I lists general works on classification and related topics. .Part I1 lists systems for the organization of materials, arranged by subject fields. Among the published and unpublished materials useful in the organization of information resources listed in this publication are: classification schemes, subject heading lists, terminologies, and thesauri.

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Rapid Excavation: Research in Solid-state Sciences Significance, Needs, Opportunities Presents the results of a study of the potentials Makes :in effort to direct the attention of indus- of solid-state sciences and their relation to long- trial. governmental, and ;~cadernicorganizations mnge national technological objectives. The re- toward research activities that will reduce the port cites ex:imples of past and present inter- cost and accelerate the rate of technological action between basic solid-state sciences and advance in ~~ndcrground-excavationmethods. other sciences and technologies. It also discusses Expresses both national and industrial interests Icad time between a fundaniental discovery and and identifies opportunities in fields where im- its ,application. and ex;~minesthe nature of in- portant markets may develop. ventions and the nced for governmental sup- Publication 1690; <'ornmit[ec on Rapid Ex- port of rcscarch. c;~vation,1968, [x] + 48 pages: $2.50 Publication 1600: Solid State Sciences Panel. 1968, [iii] + 103 pages. $3.50

The Laboratory Animal in Directory of Fire Research in Gerontological Research the United States, 1965-1967 Assesses the present and projected needs for A comprehensive listing of the main activities 1abor;itory animals in gerontological research. in the field of basic and applied fire research. discusses husbandry practices and diseases affect- Includes frequently needed information on ing the animals, and examines the suitability of hundreds of research projects being conducted certain species for gerontological research. Also by university. government, military, and indus- makes :In effort to stimulate research on various trial laboratories. problems associated with laboratory animals Puhlic;~tion 1590; Conimittcc on Fire Re- used for research in aging. search, 1968. [viii] + 272 pages, $7.00 Publication 1591; Institute of -L;iboratory Animal Resources; 1968. [viii] $- 110 pages, $4.50 .The Behavioral Sciences and the Federal Government Reviews the organization and operation of Animal Models for Biomedical Research heh~iviornlscience programs in the federal gov- Emph;~sizesthe vast array of aninid models ernment. Considers ways in which the knowl- available to the biom~dic;11investig;itor. By pre- edge and methods of the behavioral sciences senting examples of the broad spectrum of nni- can be brought to bear efl'ectively on the policies ni;ils utilized in research. this report points out and programs of the government. Also ex;imines the desirability for the investig:itor to search for ways in which governnicnt support can con- and select animal models with char:~cteristics tribute most effectively to the growth of the cspeci;illy suitable for the research at hand. beh;ivioral sciences. Puhlication 1594; lnstit~~teof Laboratory Publication 1680: Advisory Committee on Animal Resources. 1968. [vi] + 170 p:iges? Government Programs in the Beh:~vioral Sci- $5.00 ences. 1968. [xvii],+ 107 pages. $3.25

National Academy of Sciences Printing and Publishing Oficc 21 01 Constitution Avenue Washington. D.C. 2041 8 special libraries

Preservation of Library Materials A Symposium of the New York Library Association

YLA's RESOURCESAND TECHNICALSERVICES SECTION, through its Technical Committee, N sponsored a program on preservation during the 74th Annual Conference of the New York Library Association (October 11, 1967). The symposium was planned to offer a complete, even though brief, presentation of major points as a general introduction to the subject of preservation for librarians and other interested persons. The moderator was Robert G. Krupp, Chief of the Science and Technology Division, New York Public Library.

Because of the favorable response to the ation. With approximately 325 members, the program, NYLA/RTSS undertook to seek section's objective is to contribute to the de- publication of the papers so as to give a wider velopment of such activities as acquisitions distribution of this particularly useful and and resources for reference and information interesting information. Of the four papers, work; the organization, preservation and one by Richard D. Smith, "Guidelines for care of library materials; and the establish- Preservation," has already appeared in Spe- ment of procedures and systems encompass- cial Libj,aries (May-June 1968). Mr. Smith's ing various library operations. RTSS furthers paper set the stage for the symposium. The ~tsaims by its programs at the Annual Con- papers by Mrs. Hannah B. Friedman, Frazer ference and through committee activity dur- G. Poole and Dr. Menahem Schmelzer coming the year. NYLA/RTSS membership cuts pleted the program. across boundaries; it includes technical serv The New York Library Association, a ices librarians and reference and resource li- state chapter affiliated with the American Li- brarians from all types of libraries and library brary Association, has as its objective the de- systems-including school, public, college velopment of libraries and library service of and special libraries, as well as library school all kinds within New York State. The Re- faculty. sources and Technical Services Section is one of five groups within NYLA devoted to li- MATTHEWJ. VELI.UC<:I brary activity within a specific sphere of oper- President, NYLA/RTSS

Friedman Poole Schmelzer OCTOBER1968 607 Various ways and means being applied to restore and preserve deteriorating book papers both here and abroad are discussed. The roles played by the late William J. Barrow, the Association of Research Libraries, the Council on Library Resources and the New York Public Library are described. A plea is made for the use of paper of lasting quality in newly printed books.

Preservation of Library Materials

The State of the Art

HANNAH B. FRIEDMAN

CHOPENHAUER, THE GREAT GERMANPHI- binding (both routine and extra) ; storage, S LOSOPHER, once referred to libraries as shelving, cleaning, care in transporting and the "only secure and permanent memory of handling ; air conditioning, ventilation ; spe- mankind." This universal memory of man- cial treatment for newspapers, pamphlets, kind embodied in printed books is threatened clippings, maps, films, phonorecords, pic- with total destruction unless something is tures, rare books, unique material, archives; done, and done immediately. special processes such as deacidification and Wars, floods, fires, censors, and other ca- lamination ; re-enforcement ; enemies of tastrophes have played havoc with books in books, such as mildew, insects and foxing; the past. Whole libraries have been lost and replacement of deteriorated material by mi- some never replaced. With the advent of the croforms, reprints; reading and print-out 19th and 20th centuries, a new enemy threat- equipment; paper and printing ink. Knowl- ened the book: the very paper on which the edge of the chemistry of paper as well as of book is printed has-in itself-the seeds of physics of light is needed for all the items its own destruction. In addition, this modern listed ; the preservation of library materials paper cannot withstand the threatening ele- is not merely an art but a science as well. ments outside: dust, air pollution and ex- Libraries both in the United States and tremes of temperature and humidity. As li- abroad have been aware for some time that brarians, keepers and protectors of books, we books were deteriorating and they have tried have a responsibility to mankind: to explore various methods of conserving this material. the possibilities of finding methods of re- A cursory examination of the literature on storing and preserving books and of insuring the subject, dating back to 1885, shows not their continued availability for as long as only concern over the deterioration of library possible. materials and its causes, but also methods of Before discussing the state of the art of restoration and reproduction. However, it preservation, we should read the definition of was not until the late William J. Barrow the word "preservation" from Webster's delved into the causes of the physical disinte- Third International Dictionary: gration of paper and the extent of such deterioration, that libraries really became more "Preservation is the act of preserving or aware of this problem. Thanks to Mr. Barrow state of being preserved; to keep safe and the generous help of the Council on Li- from injury, harm or destruction; guard brary Resources, the causes of deterioration or defend from evil; protect; save; to keep of book papers are now better known, the alive; intact, in existence, or from decay." principal target for attack has been identified, and a solution has been provided: deacidifica- From a library standpoint the scope of pres- tion and lamination. This method-because ervation includes: care and repair of books; it is so expensive-is applied primarily tu archival documents and rare books, both here of microforms through the National Register and abroad. Many other contributions can be of Microforms. A summary of the findings traced directly to Mr. Barrow: the develop- of the committee with recommendations for ment of a permanent/durable book paper (a a solution was published in an admirable re- number of paper manufacturers now offer port by Gordon Wi1liams.l paper which meets the Barrow specifica- In January 1967, through a grant from the tions), and print transfer (used successfully Council for Library Resources to the Associa- for rare documents in the Library of Con- tion of Research Libraries, a pilot project gress). At the time of his death, Mr. Barrow now known as the "brittle book project" was was working on deacidification in connection inaugurated at the Library of Congress. This with restoration work in Florence. was the beginning of a national preservation program. Routines have been set up for obtaining information about the availability of A Central Agency the same works in other libraries. The New York Public Library, a member of the Asso- While Mr. Barrow was working in his ciation of Research Libraries, is cooperating laboratory, the Association of Research Li- in the project while at the same time proceed- braries, in 1960, realizing that the problem ing with its own preservation program. A re- was critical and that it probably could not be port on 24 books identified by the Library solved adequately by individual libraries, set of Congress as brittle, which are in the col- up a Committee on Preservation of Research lections of the New York Public Library, was Library Materials. This committee concerned forwarded to the Library of Congress. Pre- itself with such essentials as preservation of sumably, the information will help to de- materials of research libraries ; the use of the termine the comparable condition of books in best preservation methods ; establishment of various libraries and will record pertinent a central agency to assure the physical and data in a central register showing the location lasting preservation of at least one specimen of all disintegrating books and to make copies of these records available to any library Mrs. Friedman is Collections Preservation when required; and also to seek feJeral sup- Coordimtor of the Research Libraries, New port and to set up a bibliographical control York Pnblic Library. Music Score Showing Deteriorated Condition before Restoration. of the best copy for preservation purposes. filming in the New York Public Library began Future plans will be based on such infor- in the 1930's. Initially it was limited to news- mation. papers printed on wood pulp to preserve them and to reclaim the space they occupied. The filming of periodicals and monographs Efforts of the New York Public Library followed. Microfilming-of material too deteriorated for restoration by any other method, The New York Public Library has been re- or too bulky to keep on the shelves-is the lentless in its effort to cope with the rapid order of the day. In 1967 a breakthrough deterioraticn of its collections. Some of the came in the type of filming, especially for material in our Special Collections is kept certain categories of material. While con- under controlled temperature and humidity; ventional roll film is excellent for newspapers and our own bindery gives it special attention and for long-run periodicals, microfiche lends when required. The bindery mends pages, itself admirably to monographs and short- mounts on silk, laminates, makes protective run periodicals. Fiche has been found to be cases for rare books and manuscripts, mends less costly, and it has added advantages: and matches leather, and prepares special quick and ready fileability, elimination of bindings. When necessary, it also fumigates splicing and easy identification. Routing, material acquired from foreign countries in processing, cataloging, storage and servicing its own fumigation chambers. Early in 1967 of microfiche have also been solved and pro- the bindery successfully restored water-dam- cedures set up accordingly. aged books from the Rare Book Division. Recently, the library has contracted with What can be said about the material in the the 3M Company to market the library's general stack areas and the other public serv- many rolls of filmed material. Further negoti- ice divisions? Which methods have bezn pri- ations are in progress for 3M to assist in marily used to preserve it? CUT preservation filming program and to as- One of the answers is microfilming. Micro- sist in marketing it. Xerocopying, either with our Xerox 914 regarding schedules and work flow of filming or via microfilm, continues when a hard copy and xerocopying. Contact is also maintained is preferable to film. Fewer requests for x&o- with the bindery in regard to methods of pre- copies are received because of the increased serving the book by other means. availability of commercial xerocopies and the A document concerned with the preserw- many reprints on the market. tion of the collections spells out in full the The policy of the New York Public Li- policies and responsibilities for preservation brary continues to be one of cooperation with of all collections in the Research Libraries of reprint publishers in lending its material for NYPL. A Committee on Preservation of the reprinting as an aid to book preservation. No Research Libraries Advisory Council is re- attempt is made to solicit reprinters to reprint sponsible for recommending preservation books which are out-of-print but still in de- policy and procedures. This committee is pres- mand. However, titles in need of reprinting ently examining a better method for handling are forwarded for inclusion in the Reprjut and transferring books from one building of Bnlleti~~.'Last year a total of 329 titles were the Research Libraries to another in an effort requested for reprinting. Of these, 251 titles to help preserve the material. A cursory re- were reprinted. NYPL receives one reprint view of the collections reveals that about 2 free to substitute for the deteriorated copy, in million of the 5.5 million books in the Re- return for lending it, as well as a service fee search Libraries are in need of preservation and other fees where necessary of one kind or another. All matters pertaining to preservation of the collections are coordinated in one area: the Office of the Collections Preservation Council on Library Resources Coordinator. The Collections Preservation Coordinator, under direct supervision of the This discussion has traced what has been Chief of Preparation Services, is responsible done by the late William J. Barrow, the As- for the integration of all current preserva- sociation of Research Libraries, the Library tion programs. The coordinator also acts as of Congress, and the New York Public Li- liaison between staff members from the pub- brary, to cope with the overwhelming prob- lic service divisions who are concerned with lem of deteriorating paper in books. In addi- preservation problems. The coordinator con- tion, the Council on Library Resources has sults with the Chief of Photographic Service been a moving force throughout these activi-

Music Score after Restoration. Note reinforcements in gutters. Pl~otographscourtesy of The Arbee Compnn\l, Ivc., Bernnrdsville, AT. J. 07924. (Restorel-s of nrchi71nl materials and rnnnrifnit~ire,:~of processirzg eqt~ipnrent.) ties. Some of its accomplishments in the field A glance at professional library journals, of preservation are : published in Europe, reveals that their libraries are faced with the same problem. Supported projects in microphotog- They look to the United States for leadership. raphy. The Istituto di Patologia del Libro (Italy), Established the Library Technology one of the oldest restoration laboratories, is Program which has been responsible for continuing its investigations on the pathology standardization of library equipment of the book. Ze?ztmlblatt fir Bib1iotbek.1- (including microfilm equipment) ; li- we.renQeports activities that are mostly con- brary binding standards; publication of cerned with microfilming. UNESCO Bdletiiz a photocopying manual with a plan to for Libraries has devoted a lengthy article2 to issue supplements and a continued pro- the bibliographic control of microcopies, and gram of testing and evaluation. LTP is the same journal also describes the activities currently working on a three-volume of the Central Conservation Workshop of the manual on preservation. State Library of the Socialist Republic of Established the W. J. Barrow Labo- Czechos1ovakia.G The USSR has contributed ratory for research into paper and other to our knowledge of restoration methods and book materials. the aging of paper. Several articles on the Supported efforts to create a national subject have been translated and are available plan for preservation of deteriorating through the Office of Technical service^.^. books. The library literature of England abounds in books on the restoration and care of Gave countless grants, among them books, manuscripts and prints. A National a grant to prepare a manual of practice Reprographic Centre was recently estab- for evaluating, processing and preserv- lished in England.Vnformation about the ing archival records. Centre's policies of dissemination will be Gave a grant to the University of forthcoming. Chicago Graduate Library School for a laboratory study of non-aqueous deacidification treatments (as distinguished Have We Reached Our Goal? from the Barrow aqueous method) to improve the permanence of paper in li- We have identified the enemy of our brary holding^.:^ books, poor paper. We have arrived at some conclusions as to how to deal with the already deteriorating books : deacidification of Library School Courses? paper (through either aqueous or non- aqueous methods) given money and person- In an effort to determine what library nel. We have concluded that keeping these schools are teaching in the way of preserva- preserved books in good condition is to keep tion, many library school syllabi and curricula them protected against polluted air through (U.S. and Canada) were examined. No control of temperature and humidity, namely courses have been or are being offered on the air-conditioning. subject of preservation. Photoduplicatiolz, one But what about current acquisitions and method of preservation, is being taught at the countless books to be written in the fu- Columbia. Repropapby, the newer word for ture? Does it not seem logical that greater the same subject, is taught at the University effort should be made to insure the lasting of Maryland. Courses in technical resources quality of newly manufactured paper? are, of course, part of the curricula of most In May 1966 Mr. James Skipper, then library schools, and preservation is included executive secretary of the Association of Re- in one or two sessions. Although library search Libraries in a memorandum to the schools in the U.S. and Canada offer such ARL Preservation Committee, outlined steps courses as data processing, automation, infor- being taken in a national preservation pro- mation storage and retrieval, Hone are teach- gram. He also referred to the fact that the ing the vital subject of preservation. committee had agreed that steps should be taken to encourage the Task Group on "If," says Mr. Lydenberg, "Milton was right Permanence of Paper of the American Society when he wrote the above, then everyone, the for Testing Materials to accept responsibility book lover, the publisher, the printer, the to define standards which could be applied to paper maker, will all join forces and see that currently produced book papers. Oficial rep- this life-blood is embalmed and treasured up resentation from ALA, ARL and the Ameri- on material certain to last more than a few can Book Publishers Council was also re- short years." quested. It seems obvious that the next step should bc a concerted effort on the part of libraries, References library associations, library schools and afili- ated organizations to demand better paper 1. WILLIAMS,Gordon R. The Preservation of quality. Deteriorating Books. Lib~ary Journal. p. 51-56 (Jan. 1, 1966) ; p. 189-194 (Jan. 15. 1966). Mention m7as made of Mr. Barrow's contri- 2. Reprint Bulletin. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. Oceana butions in the field of permanent/durable publications. (formerly ALA Reprint Expediting paper. It is interesting to note that more than Service. Bulletin.) one hundred years before, John Murray, a 3. SMITH,Richard D. Ph.D. thesis, University of Scottish writer and lecturer, discussed at Chicago. Not yet published. 4. Zentralblatt fur Bibliothekswesen. Leipzig. great length the causes of deterioration of 1961+ paper in a book, Practical Remarks on Mod- 5. Paris. Bibliotheque nationale. Bibliographical em Paper.10 Murray made an impassioned Control of Microcopies. UNESCO Bulletin for plea for better paper and for legislation and Libraries. v. 19: p. 136-160 (May 1965). 6. VYSKOCIL,Josef. Central Conservation Work- government intervention, if necessary. He shop of the State Library of the Czechoslovak hoped that genuine paper would be manu- Socialist Republic. UNESCO Bulletin for Librar- factured as a result of his book. The book ies. v. 20: p. 126-128 (May 1966). and his plea, for obvious reasons, were 7. AKADEM~IANAUK USSR. Laboratoriia konservat- promptly forgotten and only came to light sii i restavratsii documentov. New Methods for the Restoration and Presert,ation of Documents and in 1965, when mention was made of this Books. Editor-in-chief: N.Ya. Solechnik. Published book at the First Governor's Library Confer- for the National Science Foundation, Washington, ence (June 24-25, 1965 at Albany, New D. C. and the Council on Library Resources by the York). In this book Murray blames not only Israel Program for Scientific Translation. Jerusalem, 1964. Translated from Russian. the manufacturer but also the purchaser. He 8. Moscow. PUBLICHNAIARIBLIOTEKA. Otdel gi- goes so far as to advocate a label or a stamp gieny i restavratsii knig. Collrctiatz of Materials on on paper listing its contents: linen, cotton, he Pwrert,ation of Library Resources. nos. 2-3. mixed, bleached, unbleached. Published for the National Science Foundation, In 1924 Harry Miller Lydenberg, then Washington, D. C. and the Council on Library Resources by the Israel Program for Scientific Chief Reference Librarian of the New York Translation. Jerusalem, 1964. Translated from Public Library and later its Director, wrote Russian. an excellent paper: Pdper or Snu,dnst: a plea 9. National Reprographic Centre for Documenta- for good paper for good book.r.11 He ap- tion, Hatfield College of Technology, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, England. pealed to the makers and users of paper alike 10. MURRAY,John. Prmticul Remarkr on Modern to see that paper is "properly adapted to the P'zpel; with an intrvductoq account of its former need it is to meet." He ends his ten-page substitutes; also observations on writing inks, the article with a quotation from Milton: restoration of illegible manuscripts, and the preservation of important deeds from the destructive effects of damp. Edinburgh, W. Blackwood, 1829. "A good book is the precious life-blood 11. LYDENRERG,Harry Miller. Paper or Sawdust: of a master spirit, embalmed and treas- A Plea for Good Paper for Good Books. New ured up on purpose to a life beyond life." York, 1924. Preservation of library materials is a broad field encompassing not only books and manuscripts but maps, prints and photographs, paper documents of diverse types, microfilm, motion picture film, tape and disc recordings, and various other niatc-rials. Good preservation practices and techniques involve consideration of the conditions under which materials are both stored and used. Standards of perforn~ancefor various preservation techniques are givcn based on present knowledge. Costs of some types of preservation work in commercial shops and in the Library of Congress are given. The need to preserve library materials in accordance with the highest known standards, despite the high cost of most preservation work, is emphasized.

Preservation Costs and Standards

FRAZER G. POOLE

RESERVATION OF THE MATERIALS IN OUR should such exhibits be permanent because of PCUSTODY is undoubtedly one of the major possible public relations value or shoulci they problems facing librarians today. No undue be limited in time in order to minimize the pessimism is intended when we recognize damage from the ultraviolet rays of sunlight that the problem is likely to become signifi- and /or fluorescent lamps, and the excessive cantly worse before it improves. Data on the heat of the average exhibit case. In both in- costs of preservation and some desirable stances, good preservation practice requires standards for the preservation practices of that materials on display bc given maximum libraries are necessary. Discussion of stand- protection through the use of special plastic ards and costs in one presentation might, by sheeting which screens out the harmful wave implication, suggest that standards should be lengths of the untraviolet, or through plastic related to costs. However, we should not es- shields which slips over fluorescent tubes. tablish or accept performance standards based Other, similar problems exist in every library. upon cost factors. Preservation is a broader and more extensive In the paper, "Guidelines for Preserra- matter than we sometimes realize. Moreover, tion," Smith1 has referred primarily to the it is a problem to which many librarians give problem of deteriorating books and other little more than lip service or even ignore documents. This is, of course, the most criti- altogether. cal problem for many libraries, but it by no mcans encompasses the total field of preservation. In addition to the problem of deterio- Standards for Preservation? rating books, librarians must recognize, and learn to cope with, the preservation problems Obviously, the area of standards is as of other materials, including microfilm, mo- broad as the field of preservation itself, and tion picture film, magnetic tape, disc record- here only certain levels of performance or ings, prints, maps, and negative and positive quality are suggested which seem to be indi- photographs. Moreover, special conditions of cated by the present state of our knowledge. use often create preservation problems pe- When we think of preserving a deteriorating culiar to such use. For example, exhibits of document there are two basic alternatives: rare and valuable materials pose the problem: i/ We can attempt to preserve the original if its value justifies it, or 7 We can microfilm the original, and preserve the text on film. If we elect to preserve the original, I know lows accepted procedures for deacidfying and of no acceptable procedure other than to laminating documents, and exercises proper deacidify the material through treatment with quality control over the materials and proc- an dkaline solution (either by immersion or esses used in their restoration shop. by spray), and to follow this with lamind- tion, using the Barrow method of sandwich- ing the document between sheets of cellulose Binding Standards acetate film and tissue payer, applied by heat and pressure. In addition to deacidification and lamina- Treatment in such instances should always tion, we may also include binding and re- include dexidification, to provide a mini- binding as an important means of preserving mum pH value of 7.5 for the treated ma- materials in their original format. The recent terials. While a lower pH will result in no publication by ALA's Library Technology immediate harm to the document, it will not Program (LTP) of a report entitled Develop- provide the buffering action necessary to pro- ment of Perfovmance Stmdnvds for Biudifig tect the document against the later effects of Used j17 Libtwies, Phase II' is a beginning. acid contamination from the environment. The next step should be a program designed Lamination also requires certain standards to implement these standards. In part, of if the process is to result in maximum pro- course, such implementation must be the re- tection to the documents so treated. In the sponsibility of the library community, which first place, the tissue used for the outer layers should request that binders comply with the of the sandwich should have a pH of not published standards. Further, LTP must also less than 6.5, and should be composed of work toward the implementation of the new long, \yell-purified fibers. Not all tissues sold standards by encouraging the establishment forthe repair and lamination of deteriorating of authorized testing laboratories, and by documents have a satisfactory pH. Moreover, working with binders to help them meet the some tissues are made with a high percentage new standards. Finally, we need standards of fibers which are known in the trade as for the permanence of the materials used in "broke." Broke is re-used paper and very binding. often consists of unpurified, ground wood fibers which impart little or no strength to One day perhaps we can escape the continuing and serious damage done to many the sheet in which they are used. books by the almost exclusive use of the over- Finally, the cellulose acetate film, which sewing machine. In fact, LTP's five-year pro- is the adhesive used to bond the tissue to the gram to develop the new binding standards document, should also have a pH of 6.5 or resulted from the need to develop specifica- greater. As far as I can determine, all cellu- tions based on performance, rather than on lose xetate film sold for the lamination of materials and methods. The real standard for documents today, meets this requirement. In good binding should be how well and how the early years of its manufacture, however, loug the book holds together, not how it is this was not always the case. Even though held together. currently available products appear to be safe, any library or archive which does its own lammation should have a quality control program to insure that its plastic film as well Microform Standards as its tissue is consistently up to the standard. Despite the fact that we know that it is the Standards are also required for other as- acid used in the manufacture of IDaDer I as well pects of preservation than those having to do as the sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, that with paper. Microfilming has been and will normally leads to paper deterioration, there is continue to be the most effective method of evidence th~tmany documents are laminated preserving deteriorating books and other without prior deacidification. When you send dccuments, in those instances where the origi- your documents to be preserved, you must nals cannot be saved. Usually, we assume that make certain that the organization to whom microfilm has archival permanence, and this you entrust these materials knows and fol- is supported by the very extensive research conducted during the last few years by the tioned briefly. Librarians are generally aware National Bureau of Standards (an NBS rc- of the deleterious effects of-sunlight upon port is to be published in 1968). At the same books; and they know that high humidity, time, we should observe that we have not had combined with high temperatures, promotes the experience to establish the natural life the growth of mold. It is not as widely recog- expectancy for microfilm that we have had nized, however, that fluorescent lights emit for paper. Even so, we have elected to use ultraviolet rays which damage books, textiles, microfilm in substantial quantities. For this and other materials. To minimize such darn- reason we should utilize standards for film- age, rare and valuable materials-particu- ing, for processing, and for storage that will lady those on exhibit-should be protected -on the basis of present knowledge-afford by plastic sheeting which does notAtransmit the maximum utility and longevity of such ultraviolet rays. It is also possible to pur- records. Nor should these standards be re- chase the same plastic in tubes which slip stricted to the technical aspects of processing over standard flubrescent lamps. In some in- and storage. Bibliographic standards are stances it may be desirable to use both devices. equally important, but too frequently ne- According to present day opinion, air con- glected. ditioning for libraries should provide control It is not unknown for libraries to conduct of relative humidity at 5076 /;? 5%. Such microfilming projects of considerable cost, close control is expensive however; and vet the librarian exerts little or no effort to funds mav not alwais be available for this insure adequate collation, completeness of purpose. Nevertheless, where rare books or the file or bibliographic target data-or even archives are concerned, preservation needs to provide adequate technical supervision. A require that every effort be made to provide microfilm that is incomplete, uncollated, in a suitdble humidity. Standards for tempera- part illegible or readable only with difficulty, ture present a different problem, in that the and with such a high residual hypo content most comfortable temperature for library us- that quick deterioration is likely, is worthless ers is not that which provides optimum con- to librarian and scholar alike. Such a film is ditions to retard the ;ate of deterioration in a waste of money-whether these be from paper. It is, in fact, accepted in some quarters private or government sources. that paper will last longer at low tempera- Microfilming is a process requiring con- tures than at high temperatures. William J. siderable skill and care from both the techni- Barro~v concluded,%s a result of experi- cal and bibliographic points of view. This is ments conducted in his laboratory, that for not the place to discuss the details of per- every 20" Centigrade decrease in temperature, formance standards. Those interested should the permanence of book paper was increased consult Specificatious for Library of Congress by a factor of 7.5. Taking user comfort into iMicrofiln~i~z~by Stephen R. Salmon and account, a temperature of 72°F is generally an Mic~ofilrnNorm.r, Reromme~ldedStdnr1ard.i acceptable temperature standard. Ultimately, for Lihru~ies,~prepared by the Library Stand- we will probably store inactive but valuable ards for Microfilm Committee of the Copy- materials at temperatures in the 40-50" range, ing Methods Section of ALA's Resources and or possibly low&. Technical Services Division. The USA Stand- It should be noted that recent investiga- ards Institute has also published several tions show optimum storage conditions for standards relating to microfilm.~hesedocu- microfilm to be somewhat different from ments supply the necessary standards and those now accepted for paper. For ordinary specifications for producing microfilm of as active collections of service copies of micro- near archival quality as the present state of film, existing temperatures and humidity lev- the art permits. els in a given library will be adequate, if the building is air conditioned. If the building is not air conditioned (or in the more arid parts The Environment of the country), it is advisable to provide a relative humidity of 30-35y0 in the storage Finally, the matter of storage conditions unit. as they apply to preservation must be men- For inactive collections of master negatives, where the highest degree of perma- materials-the following information, taken nence is required, relative humidity should be from the price lists of several qualified restor- held at 15-20% at a temperature of 50-60" I;. ation shops, may bc useful. Active collections of master negatives may be hcld at a relative humidity of 30-35% and a Shop A. A commercial shop with a highly temperature of 50-60" F. Where such low skilled and technically competent staff lists temperatures are not feasible, 70" F is the prices for the restoration of documents as: upper limit for archival storage. Additional Less than 8 x 11 inches $1.00 per sheet information, covering standards for micro- 8 x 11 inches and over $1.25 per sheet filming storage conditions will be found in 9 x 15 inches and over $1.50 per sheet St~mmavyof Cuwerzt Reseavch on Avchi.z~d 11 x 18 inches and over $2.00 per sheet Microfilm, National Bureau of Standards Newspaper, 11 x 14 Technical Note No. 261 .i inches or larger $2.00 per sheet Maps, backed on muslin $7.00 per sheet

Indicative Costs These prices include both deacidification and lamination. If deacidification alone is required, the cost is about one-half the price quoted Turning now to the matter of costs, it above. Prices will depend upon the solubility of must be remembered that preservation is not the inks, the amount of other restoration work cheap. Air conditioning is expensive, and so to be done (such as the removal of silking, also is microfilming, deacidification and lami- plastic tapes, etc.). This shop has a minimum nation, rare book restoration, control of ultra- charge of $25. violet light, and most other effective preservation measures. Shop B. A commercial shop with skilled per- Despite the expense of adequate preserva- sonnel lists current prices, which the shop tion measures, librarians must be more will- emphasizes are intended only as guides, as: ing to pay the costs involved than we have in 7 x 8 inches $0.70 per sheet of manuscript the past. Where funds are not available, then 8 x 12 inches $0.80 per sheet of manuscript cooperative projects for preserving materials 9 x 15 inches $0.90 per sheet of manuscript may need to be established. In this con- 10 x I6 inches $1.00 per sheet of manuscript nection, it is worth mentioning that the Li- 11 x 18 inches $1.10 per sheet of manuscript brary of Congress now has underway a pilot project to examine problems relating to the These prices apply to quantities of 100 sheets preservation of deteriorating books. From or more. Charges are higher for smaller quan- this exploratory study may develop firm tities, with a minimum charge of $15 for the recommendations for a national preservation first sheet and $3-$4 for each additional sheet. The size and condition of the documents collection, a suggestion already put forth by to be restored determine the actual charges. Gordon Williams of ARL's Preservation Prices include both deacidification and lamina- Committee. Any further conclusions at this tion. stage would be premature, but the problem is of major significance for all of us. Shop C. A state records office, which also does Although I shall quote some cost figures restoration work for other institutions and in- covering those areas of preservation for dividuals, makes a flat charge of $5.00 for the which data are available, these are to be con- first 8y2 X 11 inch sheet or smaller, and $1.50 strued only as indicative. If a library wants to thereafter. These prices include deacidification establish its own preservation shop, costs will and normal repairs. vary widely-depending upon local wages Library o/ C0ngre.r.i. A study of actual labor and salaries. In the case of materials sent out and material charges shows a cost of $0.23 per for preservation, the cost data cited below 8y2 x 11 inch sheet to deacidify, repair and can serve only as general guides. Actual laminate documents. This figure does not in- costs can usually not be determined until the clude such overhead charges as the use of shop rcstorer has examined the documents. space, heat, light, equipment amortization, For deacidification and lamination of docu- etc. In the LC shops we find that one man can ments-including maps, prints and similar deacidify, effect normal repairs on, and laminate about 200 sheets (8% x 11 inch) of man- Medium $11-15 uscript per day. For maps, this figure is about Large $11-15 75 sheets per day. The cost of materials will depend somewhat We could go on to discuss the cost of upon the quantities purchased. Costs at the transferring deteriorating records to tapes, of Library of Congress, however, may be in- converting nitrate-base motion picture film dicative. Laminating tissue currently runs $3.50 to safety-base film, of converting old glass per 100 sheets for the 24 x 36 inch size, while negatives or nitrate negatives to positives or cellulose acetate is $5.50 per 100 sheets in the to safety-base negatives. These are all aspects same size. of preservation. For the most part, however, they have not been considered to be ordinary library problems in the past. Microfilm Costs

Microfilming is an important aspect of preservation. As in other preservation activi- Caveat ties, however, the cost will depend upon many factors including local wages and sal- Librarians must be certain that their resto- aries, purchasing practices, equipment amorti- ration work is done by a competent organiza- zation schedules, and the level of quality tion. If you are considering the establishment control provided. Libraries considering the of your own restoration shop, investigate establishment of a microfilming unit should thoroughly before you do so to be certain consult with other organizations already hav- that you have identified all the problems and ing such operations. the costs. For example, if you want to estab- Although it has relatively little significance lish a shop for deacidifying and laminating for others, let me mention that in 1966-67, documents it will cost in excess of $20,000 the Library of Congress microfilmed some for a standard Barrow laminator, the initial 4,500 brittle books at an average cost per supplies, and the necessary training program volume of approximately $12.00 for both a to be conducted by the staff of the W. G. negati\x and positive microfilm. Barrow Restoration Shop. Libraries need to give greater emphasis to the preservation of library materials, but Ii- Restoration and Conversion Charges braries should also recognize that preservation is a costly process. Even more important, The restoration of rare books is so depend- preservation and restoration should be done ent upon the nature and extent of the repairs only in accordance with the highest standards to be made, and upon the value of the ma- of quality if money is not to be wasted, and terial, that the following prices can be no if deteriorating materials are to be preserved more than a guide. One competent New Eng- -not for the next few years-but indefi- land bindery, handling rare books and special nitely. hinding, lists prices as follows:

Leather bound volun~es-general repairs References Small $12-15 Medium $15-20 1. SMITH,Richard D. Guidelines for Preservation. Large $20-50 Special Librarie.~,v. 59: (no. 5) p.34652 (May- June 1968). % Leather Slipcases 2. AMERICANLIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Library Tech- nology Project. Drvelopnzent of Performance Stand- Small $18 ards for Librarj Binditz,~,Phase Ii. Chicago. 1966. Medium $21 53p. (LTP Publ. No. lo). Large $25 1. SALMON,Stephen R. SpeciJica/io~z.rfor Library of Con,qws Microfilmitzg. Library of Congress, Cloth and buckram rebinds Washington. D. C.. 1964. 21p. 4. Microfilm A7ornts Small $7-10 American Library Association, Resources and 618 Technical Service Di\ision, Microfilm Norms, Reels or in Strips, Specifications Recommetided Sta~rdafdsfor Librarier, Chicago, for 1966. 4811. PH5.4-1957 Storage of Microfil~u. Practice 5. USA Standards Institute. Standards for Safety Photographic Film, Speci- PH5.5-1961 Micro-Opaques, Specifications fications for for Photographic Films for Perma- PH5.6-1961 100-Foot Reels for Processed nent Records, Specifications for 16mm and 35mm Microfilm, Di- Diffuse Transmission Density mensions for Determining the Thiosulfate USASI Standards listed above are arailable as Content of Processed Black-and- a package under the heading. "LTSASI Micro- White Photographic Film and form Standards," from USASI, 10 East 40th Plates, Method for St., New York 10016. Stability of the Images of Proc- 6. W. J. BARROWRI~SFARCH LABORATORY. Pri.ma- esses Black-and-white Films, ner2cr/Du~abilit~of the Book. 11. Test Data of Plates, and Papers, Methods for Naturally Aged Pa[~~r.r.Richmond. Virginia, 1964. Indicating the 20p. Microfilm Readers for lGmm 7. MCCAMY,C. S. AND C. I. POPE. Su?muq) of and 35mm Film on Reels, Speci- Cuwe~~tResearch on A~chit~alMicro/ilm. (NBS fications for Tech. Note 261) Washington, D. C., Government 16mm and 35mm Microfilms on Printing Office, 1965. 24p. Since earliest times, fire and water have been enemies of the written and printed book. In Protecting the Library and Itr Re.ronrrr.~,~issued a few years ago by the Library Technology Program of ALA, there is a dramatic and tragic appendix: A 15 page list of library fires from ancient times to 1962. In the United States alone 360 fires were reported by libraries in the last 50 years. Since April 1966 the author witnessed a fire in the Library of the Jewish Theo- logical Seminary, and saw the destruction of books caused by the disastrous flood in Florence. His in~pressionson the destruction and salvage efforts are summarized in this paper. Problenls of re-establishing library services are also included.

Fire and Water: Book Salvage in New York and in Florence

MENAHEM SCHMELZER

HE BRITTLE AND FRAIL PAPER OF EGYPT in this matter. I witnessed the fire in the Tand even the tougher skins of Pergamon Jewish Theological Seminary Library in New seem fragile media indeed on which to con- York City, and in November 1966 after the fide the precious knowledge and wisdom of disastrous flood in Florence I saw the de- the ages. Ready victim of the accidents of struction of thousands of books and the he- nature, fire, water and the other elemental roic efforts made to salvage tens of thousands forces . . . the book would appear to have of them. I would like to share with you some small chance of survival." These words intro- of the impressions which these two events duce E. A. Parsons' account of the burning left with me. of the Alexandrian library, a fire which oc- Standing on Broadway on that April day, curred some two thousand years ago.2 watching flames and smoke emerge from the Librarians, the custodians of the wisdom windows of our ten-story stacks, not knowing of the ages, have long devoted much thought yet about the extent of the damage, we were and effort to the protection of books against prepared for the worst. We were thinking of destructive elemental forces. There are now the irony and cruelty of fate. Thousands of available scores of studies and reports about books which escaped the barbaric destruction fire protection and prevention and also many in Europe in the 1930's and 1940's and papers advising the librarian about book sal- which found a haven in the Seminary Li- vage procedures. brary in this free country were now being Although we all know that it could hap- destroyed by nature. Almost a quarter of a pen to us too, and we even think we know million books relating to Jews and Judaism what to do about it, when it does strike, one were enclosed in the walls where the fire is shocked and found unprepared. This is es- raged. Works dealing with the history, re- pecially true when destruction and damage ligion and literature of the Jewish people spread on a large scale affecting rare and from Biblical times until our own days in sometimes irreplaceable volumes. dozens of languages from ever so many Since April 1966 I have had, unfortu- countries had been collected during the past nately, a great deal of first-hand experience 80 years. Although the library's unique collection of Hebrew manuscripts and 15th and pared for microfilming and lamination. The 16th century books were housed in a different rest were abandoned and a few months later wing of the building and therefore deemed buried on the grounds of the Seminary in to be safe, we knew that among the books accordance with the Jewish custom, which in the general stacks there were many of ut- prefers this kind of respectful disposal of most rarity. We knew that if this library were unusable Hebrew texts of religious character. destroyed, it would be impossible to reas- Then we started hectically consulting with semble all the books and to achieve the com- librarians and looking for prescribed reme- pleteness that we had had before. dies trying to save what could still be saved. Next morning when we were allowed to We knew that the 150,000 wet volumes, inspect the damage for the first time, we some of them like well-soaked sponges, found that indeed the destruction was tre- should be evacuated and dried immediately. mendous but also that there remained many The whole stack area became one large hu- books which could eventually be salvaged. midity chamber and that was no place for Seventy thousand books were burned practi- the books to remain. cally to ashes by the intense fire or were com- It was not very encouraging to read in one pletely destroyed by the collapsing metal of the most up-to-date studies that "there ap- shelves which literally melted in the heat. Be- pears to be no really satisfactory rapid method cause of the open multitier stack structure in of treating wet volumes on a large scale the library, water used for extinguishing the . . . if papers or books are allowed to re- fire freely poured down seven floors and main in wet messes for any prolonged period, damaged the remaining 150,000 books. they not only stick together but may mildew."" This was bad enough in New York, but how much more so in Florence, where there were at least ten times as many books flooded. Even according to modest estimates the Arno River innundated at least one and a half million volumes belonging to the National Li- brary and 46 other institutions. And there in Italy it was not clean water doing the damage, but water carrying a mixture of mud, sewage and fuel oil. The nature of the material affected in Florence was also different. In addition to regular printed books there were at the Flor- ence State Archives alone tens of thousands of water-soaked manuscript volumes, among them many on parchment. The Jewish Com- munity Library had 600 manuscripts of great value in the flooded area. Wet illuminated codices found in churches and libraries required a much more elaborate salvage tech- Fire Damaged Stacks. nique than ordinary books. A unique col- One Day after the Fire. Iection of books on Etruscan art printed on coated paper had to be abandoned when experts found that nothing could be done to Among the 70,000 burnt books we found save them. Important original leather or vel- only cne small section of some 200 rare books lum bindings had to be removed and pre- which were not completely consumed. They served for restoration. In Florence I had to were badly charred on the edges, some of revise my opinion that I had seen the worst them with a great deal of loss of text, but in New York. Florence was infinitely more since they were part of a very rare collection depressing and hcneless, and still even in we saved them. They were immediately pre- Florence miracles of salvage were performed. Water Damaged Books Standing on Edges for Drying. One Dnj after. the Fire.

Urgency Outruns Theory planned at first the evacuation of the 150,- 000 books from the stacks according to pri- If I had to name the most important and orities of rarity and importance. We decided decisive factors which made a remarkably to save certain subjects areas first. Even successful salvage effort possible in both within each subject area we wanted to make cases, I would say without hesitation that it selections as to the importance of the indi- was human help, devotion and resourceful- vidual volumes. We asked the professional ness. library staff and faculty members to make In New York hundreds-and in Florence the selection. But we soon discovered that thousands-volunteered to help. They came this process was discouraging the students from all walks of life: students, children, and volunteers, slowing down the process, housewives, scientists. Institutions and com- interrupting the human chain of hands which mercial establishments offered their help. they had quickly established, and of course Facilities, supplies and space were liberally we got involved in controversy and in value made available. judgements about the relative importmce of Where so many people and so many books various books. are involved, where untrained and unskilled It was much simpler to give fret reign to volunteers act, many things seem to go the volunteers; to interfere as little as pos- against the instructions of scientific reports sible, and join their ranks, don boots and and papers. Procedures are unorthodox, the get one's hands dirty. Professor Cassamas- handling of the books is not as gentle as one sima, director of the National Library in nlould desire. We found that in an emer- Florence, worked in overalls along with the gency practice is sometimes different from others. I know that he became a legend and theory, but also that improvisation by help- inspired the thousands of helpers. As I ful and devoted although untrained people mentioned before, at times the youthful en- in the long run can achieve miracles. The ergy of the students did not allow them to sooner the librarian realizes that he must act pay enough gentle attention to the books. as an equal member of the salvage crew Many books swelled on the shelves and had rather than as a professional librarian, the to be rather forcefully removed. Of course, better. One should allow himself to be car- books became separated into parts, and pages ried away, within reason, by the enthusiastic became loose. There is no doubt that a certain efforts of the volunteers. At the Seminary we percentage of the books was further damaged Interleaving Books with Water Damage. One W"/cek crfter the Fire.

during the salvage. But the choice is simple: rooms. In the Synagogue of Florence planks either to let a large part of the books be com- were spread on the pews to create more pletely ruined by being too particular and space for the drying. At the Seminary on a discouraging the helpers, or to take the risk sunny May afternoon we spread hundreds of of some additional damage while the major volumes on the lawn, and indeed the sun and portion of the collection is saved. Both in the gentle breeze did a good drying job. At New York and in Florence the latter course least until the breeze became too "helpful" was chosen. The weighing of long-term ad- and sent some loose leaves flying around in vantages plays a decisive role in these emer- the air. We then decided to discontinue the gencies. sunbath project. Tents of heavy plastic were The outpouring of help did not know erected in Florence for demolding by thymol. geographic boundaries. To Florence supplies I heard that equipment for gamma ray radia- and experts were sent from East and West, tion was supposed to be brought from Bel- from the United States, the Western Euro- gium to Florence for the disinfection of the pean countries and from the Soviet Union. books. Whether it was indeed done, I do not In New York we received offers of help and know. Some of the methods failed, others advice from all over the United States. worked but were too time consuming. Some It seems that there was no single possible international controversy developed between method of drying, demolding and disinfect- American, British and German restorers ing left unexplored. Fans, dehumidifiers, about the effects of certain chemicals. But chemicals, paper towels, mimeosheets and whatever the merits of an individual method blotting paper were used for drying and in- or chemical were, they all testified to the interleaving. The books were spread in every ventiveness and resourcefulness of people available space in the Seminary-in class- who cared and wanted to do their utmost to rooms, ofices, the gymnasium and in bath- save a cultural heritage.-l rooms. In Florence the books were sent to tobacco and brick drying factories, to the heating plant at the railroad station, to other Rebirth Out of the Ashes cities in Italy, and abroad. Temporary wooden shelving was quickly constructed, clotheslines Now I should like to turn to another as- were hung for the drying of pamphlets and pect of library salvage. What happens after leaves, layers of nets were installed in large the thousands of volumes are dry and free of mold? How do you put a library back in added task of forming- a new library out of a working order after it; services have been disorganized, scattered mess of unbound, completely disrupted ? As far as I know only sometimes fragmentary books. very little has been written on this aspect of In a library whose history dates back eighty salvage. In contrast to the physical salvage, years, there is always a lot of talk about the the library reconstruction phase can be done need for recataloging and reclassification. If only under the close and direct supervision I would have to name a single positive aspect of professional librarians. This phase is ex- of our tragedy, it is without a doubt that it tremely long and complicated. created the perfect excuse for a total recata- In our case, at the Seminary, it might take loging and reclassification project. First of a decade. I remember having read last year all we realized that every book would, in any that the Turin Library, which burned in case, have to be handled before it could be 1904, is still in the process of reconstructing returned to the shelf. Then we saw that in its holdings and replacing its losses. I do not many instances shelfmarks and title pages were missing or obliterated, and finally that know what is being done in Florence at pres- many books &ere destroyed beyond repair and ent in this respect, but I am sure that the com- that the catalog would have to bc adjusted plete reconstruction of the libraries there will to the new situation. One additional major take many decades. problem was created by the scattering of the What are some of the problems and tasks holdings of periodicals, serials and multi- after the emergency is over? If, as in our case volume works. During the emergency evacua- the stacks were to a great extent ruined, one tion and salvage it was impossible to main- must look for new facilities. Of course, the tain order, with sets of books and volumes of ideal solution is a permanent new library the same periodical surviving in different building. Until such a building can be states of damage, and receiving different planned and constructed, the rental of space treatments at different times and sometimes and/or the construction of a temporary pre- in different locations. To bring these volumes fabricated structure is suggested. We indeed together again involved a great deal of work have rented shelf space at the Medical Li- with the catalog. Therefore, out of necessity, brary Center of New York and in addition the long plmned recataloging project turned we erected a prefabricated building in the into a reality. Our Acquisitions Department That building courtyard of the Seminary. also underwent drastic changes. The acquisi- provides both shelf and working space. If a tions staff, in addition to regular duties, had library serves a school, as ours does, one of to engage in the complicated task of replac- the most pressing needs is to put at the dis- ing the missing or damaged books. New cri- posal of the students a collection of those teria were established and new contacts with basic books and periodicals which they need dealers were made. for the curriculum. Books for this basic col- Thousands of old books, pamphlets and lection should be the first to be selected and periodical volumes are not available any processed for binding or, if they are unbind- more, or at least no systematic effort can be able, they should be replaced by new copies made for their acquisition. Many of these or by photocopies from other libraries. volumes were, however, donated by generous After these immediate needs are met. one individuals and institutions. Private collec- should get ready for a normal routine in an tors, libraries and publishers offered their abnormal situation. Traditional attitudes of help and through them many scarce volumes regular schedules should be discarded. The came to the library to replace the old copies. staff should get used to the idea that in addi- As an added benefit there were-among the tion to the regular work there is now the gifts-rare books which we never had before. But even after the gifts and occasional pur- Menahem Schmelzer, the Iibrariatz of the Li- chases there remain many, many books which brary of the Jeumish Theological Semi~zary, cannot be preserved and replaced but must New York, uJaS bor?z i~z1934 i~zHtmga~y. be microfilmed. The search goes on constantly Dr. Schmelzer has been in the Ufzited States in bibliographies and library catalogs for Since 1961. copies of our lost books, and we order microfilms from many libraries here and abroad. I New York and in Florence has not ended referred previously to the fragmentary books; yet. According to the old Rabbinic dictum: their identification frequently calls for the The duy is short, the tusk is great, it is not talents of a skilled detective. There is also the our dnty to complete it, but we are aot free major problem of paper preservation, restora- to evade it. tion and binding. In the aftermath of the fire the librarians must spend a considerable amount of time on insurance claims, on set- References ting up new insurance policies, on improved 1. AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.Library methods of fire protection and prevention, Technology Project. Protecting the Library and on the enlarging of the staff and, of course, Its Resources; A Guide to Physical Protection and inevitably, on giving reports to the adminis- 1n.rurance. A report on a study conducted by Gage- tration and board, and finally on briefing Babcock and Associates, Inc., Chicago, 1963. Ap- curious news reporters. pendix B, p.216-30. 2. PARSONS,E. A. The Alexandrian Library; Glory of the Hellenic World, Its Rise, Antiquities and Destructions. Amsterdam, London, N. Y., The Road Back Elsevier, 1952. p.273. We are still at the beginning of the road 3. p.256 of Ref. (1). 4. For a general survey on the Florence situation towards complete reconstruction. The dra- see: HORTON,C. Saving the Libraries of Florence. matic story of destruction and rebuilding in IVilsotz Library Bulletin, p.1035-43 (June 1967). The MT/ST typewriter is a standard IBM Selectric typewriter attached to a recording unit with two magnetic tape stations which store both copy and instructions. This paper discusses the metllods used to produce catalog cards, book orders, spine labels, book cards, book pockets, and cross references. Be- cause it is difficult for non-library oriented people to set up a demonstration of interest to librarians, instructions are included. Interested librarians may take the program to an MT/ST machine and have a trained operator demon- strate the library use. The paper also discusses some of the problems encoun- tered, financial aspects, operator training, and other possible applications.

Adapting the IBM MT/ST for Library Applications A Manual for Planning

ROBERT I. HIRST

HE IBM MAGNETICTAPE "SELECTRIC" to it." Some l~brarieswere still writing cata- TTYPEWRITER (MT/ST) was designed log cards by hand fifty years after the manual for office use. Most of its applications are typewriter was invented, and an improved in business offices that have hea~yvolume typewriter will probably take as long to be and repetitious typing. The library applica- accepted. A further problem is the machine tions described in this paper utilize only a production backlog, which means that a fraction of the machine capability. Other wait for delivery of the machine may dis- applications can be described by the manu- courage many librarians from converting facturer's representatives. Library applications their operations. There is also the possibility are elaborated; these may be unfamiliar to that the machine may be replaced by even non-library oriented sales personnel. There more impressive machinery or by other tech- is little that is technical, except for the nological advances. However, this is not an descriptions of machine programs-which exercise in futility. The MT/ST is a machine assume the availability of a machine for that can impressively fulfill the needs of a demonstration. small modest library. Like the typewriter the MT/ST, as the machine is called, may be around for a good many years before many libraries "catch up What the MT/ST Is

The typewriting unit is a standard IBM Mr. Hirst is chief librar- Selectric typewriter with a library font (IBM ia?z at Mills College of 72). The type size is Library Elite (12-pitch). Education, New Yo&. Attached to this unit is a recording unit Became of a backlog of which uses computer-type magnetic tape and man.vatly typed ordefi, which records every signal and instruction the IMT/ST program de- sent to it by the typist. The first great virtue trribed here ir ~zot jet is that an error is easily corrected. The oper- completely operdioml. ator only backspaces and strikes the cor- Rechrsjficatio?~of the col- rection over the error. The tape is thus cor- lectiou to the LC cIa~sific~?tio?~if al~o being rected, and a perfect copy will be achieved accomplished by this method. on playback. Flexibility is provided by two tape stations: Added entries on catalog cards ,I left and a right tape. These two tapes are See and See ulso reference cards and au- utilized jointly so that cot7.rtnut information thority files. can be recorded on one station, and rnvinbie information on the other station. It is then In each of these processes, the library can possible to mix the variable information with use the MT/ST to great advantage. The ap- the constant information as required. plications as used at Mills College of Edu- The MT/ST is 120t a computer. Instruc- cation start with the book order. A standard tions must be given to the MT/ST each time multicopy order form is used. The form is it is used. However, the instructions are designed to conform fairly closely with the simple, and the library programs are easy. finished catalog card format, but not so as to The operator instructions are quickly learned, and the operator has little if any difficulty. confuse the jobber. By a combination of tab- bing and typing, information unnecessary for the order purposes does not appear on the order form. Cataloging data can thus be eliminated from the order form but can be preserved on the tape; conversely. data unnecessary for cataloging purposes (for example, price of the book) need not be recorded in the tape. From the tape a complete set of catalog cards is produced with all added entries typed correctly in their proper location. A book card, book pocket, and as many spine labels as are required are then produced. Finally, a booklist stencil may be made of the information before the tape is re-used. No typing has been done since the original input, unless a correction is required. 'T~hetape produces copy at-a rate of 120 characters per minute. The print-out of a complete set of cards may take less than three minutes. No further revision is reauired because the tape is correct. Another program uses the variable feature Figure 1. A Typist at the Keyboard of to produce a subject heading authority file. the IBM Magnetic Tape "Selectric" The operator has to type only one card-the Typewriter (MT/ST) . authority card. All cross reference cards are then printed out automatically, and are ready for filing. Applications

Library applications that involve repetitious typing are the logical jobs for the Costs MT/ST ; for example, The MT/ST unit described in this paper Typing of call numbers can be rented for $250 a month. Several Author and title information on order optional features can be added for special forms, book cards, and book pockets needs. To justify the rental charges, two Booklists utilizing all the above. conditions were recognized by the financial officer: 1) additional typing help was needed There are also applications where variable to process our growing backlog, and 2) we information is required, such as: were spending more than $350 a month for LC cards. The MT/ST was accepted instead later re-classified as a file clerk to cope with of authorizing another typist; and the LC the rapidly increasing number of unfiled charges were expected to drop as we pro- cards, both catalog and shelf list. duced our own cards. One bonus is the saving time for revisions. The experience of the first year of opera- Typing errors cannot occur during the print- tions was satisfactory, in spite of time lost outs ; inversions of call numbers cannot occur. during the start-up period for training and When necessary a new title can be ready for for debugging the programs. A comparison circulation in a few minutes. shows : 66-67 Programming the MT/ST for Libraries Manual 67-68 Typing MT/ST Change -- - - The secret ingredient in the MT/ST is Booksprocessed 3,919 5,977 +52% fooling the machine. Because the MT/ST is Typist hrs./wk. 55 35" - 36% not a computer, it can be fooled. A simple example is in the addition of the call number to the taDe. This number is not wanted A part-time typist resigned before the in- I on the book order, yet in the catalog card stallation was completed. The position was program it is the first information to appear. The call number is originally typed off the form; by using a different tab setting, the * During one month of the year the equipment was used by other administrative offices in the college. call number later appears on the catalog

0 1 UA3l lo I L4 Leckie, William H I 0 1 The buffalo soldiers; a narrative of the Negro I 0 0 0 I UA31 U. 5. ARMY. IOTH CAVALRY. 1 L4 ~eckie,William H 0 O 0 I UA31 U. S. ARMY. 9TK CAVALRY. 00 IL4 Leckie, William H 0 1 I n 0 I "A31 U. S. ARMY. 3TH CAVALRY. L4 I Leckie, William I1

0 I UA31 U. S. ARM!f - NEGRO TROOPS. I L4 0,' Leckie, William li The buffalo soldiers.

Leckie, William H The buffalo soldiers; a narrative of the ?Tear0 cavalry in the West. Clst edl Norman, Univer- sity of Oklahoma Press Cc1967I 29Op. illus. 24cm.

Includes bibliography.

1. U. S. Army. 10th Cavalry. 2. U. S. Army. 9th Cavalry. 3. U. S. Army - Negro troops. I. Ti.

Figure 2. Catalog Card Production. Each added entry automatically falls into place as the print-out occurs. cards. There are probably many additional uses UA31 for some libraries ; for example: L4 Leckie, William H Payroll and check writing The buffalo soldiers;

Addressing envelopes DATE 1S5UED TO Form letters Reports for a few people (each one I would get an original typed copy) UA31 ~4- 0 Releasing some typists for other work Leckie, William H Staff and work schedules. The buffalo soldiers ; The technical programs described in this paper may be difficult to understand without using an MT/ST machine. However, if one wishes to see these programs in operation, an IBM representative can arrange to demon- strate the programs by following the instructions presented here.

Catalog Cavd Pvodz~ction Use standard 3 x 5 catalog cards. Elite type 3. must be used; IBM Library Elite 72 is recom- Figure Book-Cards, Book-Pockets and Spine Labels. These are printed out mended. after the catalog cards are produced. Set tabs from Left Margin: 2 sp, 8 sp, 2 sp, 2 sp, off Right Margin.

Auto Search Code Reference Code 1 CR (Carriage Return) 1 Tab RECORD ON LEFT TAPE. This tape contains no First line of Call No. Carriage Returns, only Tabs. Operators trained to 1 Switch Code start a recording with several Carriage Returns are asked to ignore the training for this program. 1 CR The first line of the Right Tape contains a Switch 1 Tab Code that the Left Tape picks up and will print- Second line of Call No. out on the same line. 1 CR 2 Tabs 2 Tabs First Added entry taken from tracing on Right Author entry Tape 1 1 CR Switch Code 3 Tabs 2 Tabs Title information Repeat for all tracings 1 CR End Switch Code 2 Tabs Stop Transfer Code Continue title paragraph information through Reference Code imprint date PLAYOUT.This will produce a complete set of 1 CR cards. 3 Tabs Collation information Search both tapes Set to start 2 CR Play Right Tape 3 Tabs Added notes (if any) At the end, a usual practice is to make one Several CR's (as needed) additional author entry to be used as a shelf list or two if the original typing was corrected. Play 3 Tabs out Right Tape character-by-character until the Tracing information Switch Code is reached. This is to be eliminated Several CR's to end of card since the Left Tape is no longer required. Turn to record right, and feed-code that space. Return This program saves a great deal of simple to play. and playout copy. typing time, eliminates errors, and can he quickly re-run for additional catalogs. It is, Pro~hcI'ugOther Material from Tape however, somewhat difficult to reconstruct the authority file, should an additional card be Ldels for spine. Pin-fed labels can be needed, but it can be done. used ; however, hand-fed labels work well. Typing from Tape vs. Manual Typing Search Right Tape Play by line setting Some people have thought that it would be Print out 2 lines for label simpler to type the variable information manually than to prepare the Left Tape. Ex- Book-cards aud pockets. Play out word-by- perience with manual typing shows that even word first 4 lines, skipping unwanted infor- the best typists are subject to fatigue and, mation. consequently, to errors. Although it is a A stencil may then be made by changing simple matter to reject the card, and start tabs to achieve a booklist format. anew when an error occurs, this presupposes that the typist has caught the error. It is possible that the mistake will not be caught- Program for See Refereuces. that revisions are then required, and that the tape has been re-used before the error is Set tabs from Left Margin: 3 sp, 9 sp, 6 caught. In this case the library is in the same sp, Off Right Margin position as when an LC card has been mis- typed. Erasures must be made; or if the card is spoiled, the shelf-list cards must be used, and another shelf-list card must be typed 2 CR 4 Tabs (Off copy) manually. Type word, SEE Other programs that were tried were found to be good in concept but lacking in execu- 2 CR Re-set card so that next line will be at top of tion. For instance, while trying to type the card added entries manually, a tape was prepared 13 CR with all the standard LC form subdivisions Switch Code and with spelled out abbreviations used in Auto Search Code the tracings. The operator had a key to the Reference Code codes, and when a subdivision was needed (for example, Hist.), the operator could set the Code Number to that position and then let the print-out occur. It was thought that 1 CR 2 Tabs this would be most helpful in tiresome subdivisions that are hard to use, and that appear Cross-reference text frequently. This is not a recommended prac- Switch Code tice. The time consumed searching, first for 1 CR the reference code, and then the machine 2 Tabs setting, was much longer than the time to Next Reference text insert the subdivisions on the tape. Repeat for all references When working in the reclassification pro- End with Switch Code gram, a similar program was tried to elimi- Stop Transfer Code nate the constant retyping of general Subject Reference Code Headings when a large section was being re- classified. In Philosophy, for instance, the word had to be retyped on the proper tape Change 4th Tab to 1 space beyond 3rd Tab for hundreds of books. As annoying as this Search Right and Left Tapes Start Left Tape was, the machine reads too rapidly to allow Set will appear in print-out changes in codes to eliminate this typing. ANTHROPO-GEOGRAPHY BIO-GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT 0 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIOK OF MAN GEOGRAPHY, SOCIAL HUMAN GEOGRAPHY O 1

o 1 BIO-GEOGRAPHY SEE

ANTHROPO-GEOGRAPHY

ENVIRONMENT 0 I SEE ANTHROPO-GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIOI? OF MAN

I SEE

O I ANTHROPO-GEOGRAPHY 0 1

Figure 4. Authority Card File Production. The only card typed manually is that above. The print-out below follows automatically.

The Biggest Problem found that a satisfactory card stock could be obtained at the very low cost of less than $4 Card stock has been the real problem in per thousand. The only compromise made the operation. Consultation with other librar- was to punch the holes for the rods after the ies using computer print-outs, confirmed the print-out. (Student help is used at Mills.) difficulty of finding the correct card stock quality that would satisfy both the library and the machine. Although some LC-type The Smallest Problem pin-fed cards are available, at a high price, the MT/ST did not "like" them at all. Sev- The platen for the MT/ST must be spe- eral commercially standard types are below cially ordered for pin-fed operations. This library standards, and would not hold up requires a knowledge of the distance between ~~nderany usage. This is a serious problem, holes. If one does not know what the distance md must be thoroughly investigated before is, or suspects that it may vary-a correct initiating any program. Extreme caution is suspicion-a machine may need several plat- urged when receiving advice from any vendor ens for various distances. Fortunately, there (either the manufacturer of equipment or the are variable pin-feeds available, but it is producer of card stock). In general, it was difficult to obtain this information. The devices allow adjustment for various sizes of Type of Person. Some people take to the pin-feeds, and they snap on-and-off the top MT/ST immediately. They learn to use it of the MT/ST easily. However, these devices effectively with short periods of instruction. eventually wear out the platen shank, and a Some, alas, will reject the concept. However, new platen must then be purchased. no generalizations or past work performances should be allowed to color the selection of trainees. It is recommended, in fact, that Other Observations borderline staff members be given the chance to operate the machine. pin^ skills are not The MT/ST has a beautiful feature that is a prime consideration, and speed will im- not used in the operations described here- prove dramatically after the skills are ac- that is self-justifying margins. If a change in quired. The MT/ST may even have thera- format is desired, the machine can do it peutic benefits. One experience has shown perfectly. However, libraries usually do not that a person with few skills or talents can want to change formats so this may be an master ihe machine-produce well, gain con- unneeded feature. The machine also has a fidence and a new outlook on life. Self-taught capability to update information with a typists can be trained successfully-even minimum of effort. (Machine time at Mills though they may not understand margins or has not yet been available to consider how tabs. the updating feature can be utilized.) Some women may wish to reject such A great deal of time can be consumed in equipment-possibly because machines terrify learning which new brainstorms are feasible, them. However, if they can operate a sewing and which ones are not. Programs are easy to machine, a manual typewriter or any home work out on paper, and it is not necessary to appliance, they should be assured that the be an expert. New uses are being discovered MT/ST is within their capability. constantly both by the manufacturer and by the users. Discouragement should not set in Teaching. Patience is the key to the if a program fails or if the machine jams. MT/ST. A pupil should be allowed to prac- There is a great deal of satisfaction when a tice the keyboard for several days before new program works out well. starting his instruction of tape operations. The MT/ST can handle all the work of a This time may be reduced if the pupil is al- small library-and then some. However, to ready familiar with electric typewriters. carry even Mills' program full speed ahead, "Touch" must be relaxed before learning can a second unit could be useful. If staffing begin. Some training suggestions are listed. factors could be solved, a second machine Familidrimtion with the correction feature would be the junior model which has only a is the fnstest zl.ny ~OYthe pupil to gain single tape station. This would enable us to confidence. Mistakes, which poor or even prepare constant information on the single- good typists dread, are no longer a matter tape unit-the majority of the input work- of concern. The correction feature is the and the two-tape model would play the ma- easiest concept to teach, and it usually terial out. Depending on shift work, the out- motivates the rest of the learning process. put could be doubled for about 1% times Be extremely wasteful with paper! If a the original cost. At this point, however, mistake is corrected by back spacing, make machines would have conquered the staff, or sure clean paper is in place. Overstriking seems to confuse learners. It is better if additional help would be required. they can see what they are doing. Replay It is essential that one person from each corrected areas frequently to let them see new installation attend the manufacturer's how easy it is to get a perfect copy. training program. That person should be a Repeat the slogan: "We don't wnnt a per- fair-to-good typist, a logical thinker, and a fect first copy-only n perfect tape." Be- good teacher. The following instructions and cause of past experiences and because of suggestions presuppose that the training has the unpleasant tasks of correcting, there is been completed and that the information a tendency to make the first copy perfect. acquired will be shared with other typists Such a procedure slows down all typists. who are to operate the MT/ST. The slogan helps to reassure them of the SPECIALLIBRARIES uselessness of their fear. code is recorded and the next book is re- When demonstrating the equipment, make corded. There is no need to search for the mistakes and correct them. Conscious er- reference code each time because the re- rors are more difficult as one becomes ex- cording is continuous and ready to accept pert on the machine. Conscious errors help the next information. We do, however, the pupil to see that the instructor is hu- change the number in the dial setting to man and also subject to errors, but none- remind us where we are. theless is unconcerned. 3) Seavch Time. Even with the feature of re- If you plan to assign catalog card typing verse search (which should be specific) to the pupd, start his practice on sheets of search time on higher code numbers takes paper. We prepared work sheets which too much time. We restrict our input to have instructions, card images, and space 25 titles on one tape. for playback of the corrected copy. If the copy is good you have a useable tape; and it can be printed out on card stock. Cooperative Use This is the pupil's first victory, even though he may have much yet to learn. Theoretically one typing, when the book is Do not explain the whys of the code-un- ordered, could be the last time that keyboard- less atked. It is best to be just plain dog- ing is necessary. It is possible to transmit matic. If a code is written in the program, do not forget it. It must be there to make from the prepared tape over the telephone the program work. It must become a lines to another machine. The tape can then routine habit to end with a reference code be printed out, and corrected for those local- -never mind the rationale. ized non-standard peculiarities that seem to Assign some easy work uhen the practice keep libraries separated. tapes look good, and let the pupil strike Repetitious, dull, mistake-prone and rou- out on his ou8n.Go away for a time and tine work could be eliminated in hundreds of then see what has happened. Expect dis- libraries. Unfortunately, the location of codes aster! Review the tapes with the pupil and on the MT/ST tapes is slow, and each tape then show him how to correct them. holds only a limited number of codes. But if a system of users were seriously interested, the. tape codes could possibly be' stored in a Shortcuts computer storage bank. TL~MT/S? is not directly compatible Each installation must decide the routines with computers, but the tape can be trans- that are connected with book processing. lated from MT/ST-tape to computer-tape Some suggestions we have found to save for storage. All that would then be required personnel time are listed. to produce a tape in your library, would be a key to the code and a telephone call to the Reference Coding. We have a tab set on the right pin-feed margin, and when typing computer. The tape then produced could be the title line of the card we tab out to adjusted for the desires of the local cataloger that line and type the reference code num- -and then discarded. ber. This number then prints out next to each card of the set. We also place a cor- Acknowledgements responding marked flag in the book, so we know that Card No. 13 and Book No. This paper would not have been possible 13 belong together. without the cooperation of Mills College of Input FLOW. We do not play out each in- Education. A special word of thanks must go put until we have completed a tape. As to Lucille Gilbert who struggled long and hard soon as one book is finished, a reference to eliminate the bugs. Current research at major colleges and universities in the United States, because of its intensive and interdisciplinary nature, has brought about the creation of special libraries and library services on the academic campus. It is interesting to note that these libraries serve a different function and represent a different philosophy of library service than do contemporary academic library systems. This paper briefly describes these libraries and their librarians, their history, purpose and function. These libraries are sufficiently important to deserve much greater publicity and use.

Research Unit Libraries as Special Libraries on the Campus

ROBERT P. HARO

N THE LARGE COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY role of these libraries on campus, it is neces- 0 CAMPUSES across the United States and sary to briefly trace their historical develop- Canada there are an increasing number of ment. specialized library collections which are The research unit library on college and neither administered nor controlled by the university campuses is a relatively recent main library system. These libraries are usu- phenomenon. For many years, the main li- ally integral parts of research bureaus, cen- brary and its related branches were the major ters or institutes (hereafter referred to col- or only source of library materials and service lectively as r~esearch units) established to on campus. However, academic departments provide highly specialized research materials maintained and continue to maintain small, and library service. A quick search through pocket library collections and reading rooms library and research centers directories graph- for their faculty and graduate students, some- ically demonstrates the number and variety times commonly referred to as departmental of these units and their associated libraries.1 libraries. These pocket collections were and These libraries are, in essence, special li- are, in the main, composed of a few basic braries. What is a special library and how journals, reference and research books, and does it differ from the traditional image of a related ephemera. Most of these depart- college or university library? Thomas Landau mental collections continue to function \+.ith- in The Eizcylopedjn of Ljbrzrjamhip defines out the services of a professional librarian. special libraries as : With increasing faculty specialization, and \vith the avalanche of research literature, a A service unit devoted to the information serious problem developed. On the one hand, requirements, both present and future, of a specific organization. . . . Although each faculty members-especially those attached special library is unique according to the to a research unit-needed and demanded needs and interest of its parent organiza- more specific and, essentially, non-book tion, there are some general characteris- material: while on the other hand, it became tics: materials are collected and organized too expensire for the nuin library system to to meet the requirements of specific groups secure, process and make available the spe- of users; services are developed to assist cialized ephemera and fugitive research mate- these same specific users . . . the library rial needed. Neither was it administratively is generally small. necessitating great se- nor economically practical for the main li- lectivity in the collection. . . .' brary to provide the special library ser~ice associated with such research needs and mate- To better understand the function and the rials. The irked victims of this crisis were the academic specialists who now could neither rely on the main library, nor had time to assemble and organize needed material in their existing pocket collections or departmental libraries. The research unit library, therefore, developed from a need to offer library materials and service, and to cope with the information explosion in specific fields. It was in many ways a marriage of an expanded and more specialized departmental collection, and the use of a librarian functioning as a subject specialist. The mid-1920's were, essentially, the beginning years of popularity and accept- ance of these libraries and their librarians by university faculty and research staffs across the United States and Canada. While some research units and their associated libraries ex- isted as early as 1909, the middle and late 1920's witnessed the rapid increase in the establishment of these libraries staffed by librarians." The employment of a librarian by a research unit seems to be the coalescing factor in the creation of a special library on the college or university campus. It is at this point that the function and role of the research unit library and particularly its service differs from that of the main library system or J departmental library. The traditional image of an academic librarian is usually job- or task-oriented, i.e. an acquisition li- Libraries Established in the Fields of Gov- brarian is one responsible for purchasing ernmental, Public and Urban Affairs at books, catalogers describe and classify books, American Colleges and Universities. reference librarians provide direction and assistance in securing information, etc. The All libraries included in this bar graph were same, however, is not the case with a special attached to a research bureau, center or insti- librarian. The research unit librarian func- tute; they are administratively controlled by tions in all of the capacities listed above and the director of their research bureau, center or more. He or she is usually a specialist with institute. Only informal relations exist between the unit library and the academic head librar- a subject background in the field or area ian on the parent campus. involved and is engaged in the selection, evaluation, organization and dissemination of information in these fields of knowledge to research unit faculty and staff. Most important, however, is the active, rather than passive, role that this librarian plays in the attention of the unit's research staff to new integration and adaptation of information and pertinent information. More detailed resources to the research needs of a particular indexing of research materials, the prepara- organization or clientele. This may take the tion of subject bibliographies, report writing, form of actively securing for the library more etc. may be some of the additional duties the ephemeral and fugitive material than mono- research unit librarian performs that his col- graphic materials. It may also demand that leagues in the main library system do not. the librarian take the initiative in calling the While a cataloger in the main library system may only infrequently deal with a faculty the library staff is constantly aware of current member, the successful performance with a re- research in the field and is able to keep the search unit librarian is predicated upon close library abreast of even the more elusive pri- and frequent association with research unit mary sources. Their task is not simply to faculty and staff. In some instances he may amas all current research material in their function as a researcher in the preparation of particular fields, but to organize and index it a paper or a report for possible publication. in such a way that questions about minute Up to this point, only descriptive general- and precise topics can be answered quickly. izations have been employed to describe the The library of the Center for Research in role and function of research unit libraries Business Administration at Pennsylvania State and librarians. It seems appropriate, there- University contains 5,000 cataloged items. It fore, to cite three specific examples of these was established in 1940 and is administra- libraries and their respective services that tively controlled by the Director of the Cen- represent: ter.Vhis unit library differs from a traditional I[ academic library in two respects. First, mate- Area or international studies; rials in the center's library are primarily for 7 Business and/or economic research; quick reference, not for research in depth, and necessitating careful selection and consider- I[ Governmental studies. able speed in the acquisition process. Second, the center's library staff, in addition to their For this purpose, libraries at Massachusetts regular duties, also acts as the liaison between Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania State the College of Business Administration fac- University and the University of California ulty and the University Library staff in such at Berkeley have been selected. matters as book orders, library material re- The Center for International Studies at quests, interlibrary loans, etc. Most important, MIT maintains a research unit library devoted however, is the assembling of statistics and to area or international studies. Founded in material on Pennsylvania by the library staff 1951, it is relatively small (about 3,000 not only to further the research done in the cataloged items) when compared to a large center, but to develop and maintain the eco- university library, but it is efficient, highly nomic indicators which are published monthly specialized and administratively controlled by in the center's magazine, ~enns~lmm'aBnsi- the Director of the Center.4 Because the re- 7ze.r~S~rve)'. search undertaken at this center is very cur- Highly considered and frequently a model rent, the library staff secures specialized for new research unit libraries attached library material directly from their source. to governmental and urban studies units Once these items arrive in the library they is the Institute of Governmental Studies Li- are usually processed, cataloged and distrib- brary at the University of California at Berke- uted to appropriate research personnel on the ley.~esponsibleonly to the director of the day received, a feat most academic libraries institute, the librarian has assembled a rich can accomplish on rare occasions only. Also, subject collection of over 300,000 cataloged in a relatively small operation such as this, items. The IGS library secures, catalogs and indexes in depth research materials -which Mr. Haro is librarian of most university libraries would not. It is a the Imtitute of Govern- rich repository for valuable-and perhaps mental Affairs, University nowhere else available-ephemeral and fugi- of California at Davis. tive materials on all aspects of government. The azlthor's professional While the personnel costs at this library are expevieme includes posi- a higher percentage of their budget, as option.~as Social Sciemes posed to a general academic library, more Bibliojyapher at the Uzi- intensive ~ibr&~service is offered to the user versity Library at Davis, as Subject Specialist than in a general library. That a close rap- in the Social Sciences at SUNY/Buffalo, and port between the IGS librarians and the reas a cataloger at California State College, search staff exists at this research unit is evi- Hay zun~d. dent from the following: the compilation of bibliographies by librarians for some of the tors. In general, most academic chief librar- research papers published by the institute; a ians have little or no say concerning the type librarian responsible for the collection, cod- of materials secured and the kind of services ing and sorting of election statistics for the offered by research unit libraries. Their re- San Francisco Bay Area; and the principal lationship, then, depends to a great extent on librarian functioning as the editor of the in- the kind of person the chief librarian is and stitute's bi-monthly research summary, Public how he chooses to work with the director of AfJdirs Report, and other publications. The the research unit and its librarian. Too often. IGS library and its staff represent an excel- their relationship is usually a cool and distant lent example of a library service unit devoted one, a serious problem in its own right. to the information requirements, both pres- Nevertheless, there they are, hundreds of ent and future, of a demanding and highly specialized research unit libraries working respected Institute. with a variety of non-book materials and of- fering specialized library service. Their task Common Maladies-Different Goals is not simply to secure all current material in their particular fields, but to organize and Impressive as the accomplishments of these index it in such a manner that questions research unit libraries are, they do neverthe- about minute and precise topics can be an- less suffer from many of the same maladies as swered quickly. The end result of this makes do the main academic library systems. Finan- possible the quantity and quality of research cial malnutrition, staff shortages, out-dated and printed studies, both published and un- classification plans and low salary scales, a published, in the many areas of interest in- lack of machine applications to handle rou- vestigated and studies by research units at tine library functions (due mainly to insuffi- American colleges and universities. cient funds), etc. are some of the areas where improvements are needed. Peculiar to the References research unit libraries and of a more serious nature is the problem of anonymity which I. For more complete information on these research units, the reader is referred to the following prevents the wider use and dissemination of works: research materials and information that these KRUZAS,Anthony T. Directory of Special Li- libraries alone may possess on college and braries and Information Centers. 2d ed. Detroit, university campuses across the United States. Gale Research Company, 1968. While these libraries neither compete nor Research Centevs Directory, edited by Archie M. Palmer and Anthony T. Kruzas. 2d ed. De- overlap with the main library system in the troit, Gale Research Company, 1965. type of materials secured and library services New Research Centers, no. 1- (May 1965- ). offered, they frequently do not cooperate on Detroit: Gale Research Company. A periodical such matters as including periodical titles supplement to Research Centers Directory. 2. LANDAU,Thomas. Encyclopedia of Librarian- held by the research unit library and not car- ship. 3rd rw. ed. N. Y., Hafner, 1966. p.418. ried in the main library system in a combined 3. HARO,Robert P. A Directory of Governmental, periodical title holding list for the campus, a Public and Urban Affairs Research Centers at sharing of reference resources in special areas, American Colleges and Univefsities. Davis, Cali- greater publicity for and reliance upon the fornia, Institute of Governmental Affairs, 1968. p.34. special materials and services offered by the 4. American Library Directory, 1966-1967. 25th research unit libraries on the part of the ed. N. Y., R. R. Bowker Company, 1967. p.451. main library system, and most important, a 5. Pennsylvania State University Bulletin, v.62: no. latent and at times patent mistrust for these 2, p.65 (May 1968). 6. CALIFORNIASTATE LIBRARY.New1 Notes of autonomous libraries by chief librarians and California Libraries, v.63: no. 1, p.108-109 (Win- upper echelon academic library administra- ter 1968). This study examines and develops mathematical models and statistical techniques to study the dependence of circulation rate on the age of a book and other characteristics. A model which gives emphasis to the probability of a book not being used at all is presented and found to be efficient in predicting "no use." The concept of "relative use" is presented and did better in studying usage of books than usual methods. Age was found to be a significant variable in studying usage. The models presented do well when fitted to the data collected in three departmental libraries at Purdue.

The Role of Departmental Libraries in Operations Research Studies in a University Library Part 2. A Statistical Study of Book Use

THEODORA ANDREWS

ROWTH IS THE UNDERLYING CAUSE of of the recent use of the books. In the later G many library problems, and this points study described in this paper, Jain, using the to the problem of storage of the collections. same Purdue data, has a closer look at the If it is decided that a little used part of the "goodness" of age as a variable. collection is to go to secondary storage, a The investigator presents an exhaustive fundamental question is: Can any kind of summary of earlier work in the area of use statistical procedure predict the frequencies studies where mathematical models were with which groups of books with defined formulated for the description and prediction characteristics are likely to be used in a re- of use of books. All of the mathematical search library ? models reviewed, except Morse's Markov The purpose of this study is to examine model," are deterministic in nature in that some previously developed mathematical they are concerned with the average use per models and also to develop some new ones year of a book and do not predict the scatter and statisical techniques for studying the de- in usage around the mean value. However, pendence of circulation rate on a book's age an examination of the frequencies of uses and other characteristics. of homogenous groups of books from the Age is considered to be an important vari- Chemistry, Physics, and Pharmacy Libraries able because most reference material in the at Purdue indicate the "zero use" class does sciences has a very short useful life, as is evi- not follow the same probability law as the denced by the fact that about one-third of the other classes. A new model which gives spe- citations in the scientific literature are to ma- cial emphasis to the probability of a book not terials published in the previous ten years. being used, called the "Pn model" is devel- Lister1 concluded earlier that age is not as oped and presented. good a criterion for deciding which books Development of the "Pn model" is in- should be removed from the main collection vestigated and studied by splitting book use and put in secondary storage as is a measure into two componcnts: 1) the probability of a Can one draw inferences about the total library collection? Yes No Can information be obtained on the rate of usage of the same group of books over a long period of time ? Yes No Is it relatively easy to design a sampling scheme and collect data ? No Yes Are the problems of missing data and of lack of control on the methods of recording usage histories in the past avoided ? No Yes

book not being used, and 2) the probability lected on the past usage of the books in the distribution of uses if the book is used. sample; 2) The more popular method con- Several mathematical models are discussed sisted of collecting data on all books checked and remarks made about what the inves- out during a specific period of time. Those tigators of the past thought about the va- who used the second method studied the use lidity of these models for their data. These of their sample without any regard to the remarks were rather qualitative in nature, as total collection in the library. most of the investigators did not show meth- Which of the two methods is better? The ods of estimating parameters in their models. advantages and disadvantages of both meth- Our investigator develops two methods of ods are presented above. estimating parameters in four book usage To take advantage of the plus points of models. both methods and to minimize their disad- One method of estimation is based on the vantages, Jain in 1966 developed the con- minimization of the sum of squares of the cept of "relative usage" while conducting a difference between the observed and the ex- pilot study in the Purdue General Library. pected average use per book for different He tells how the sampling was done in the ages of books, called the method of least pilot study. Then a study was done on three squares. The other procedure is the method departmental libraries at Purdue (Chemistry, of moments, when age is considered as an Physics, and Pharmacy), taking advantage of artificial random variable with average use the experience gained while conducting and per book, I(n), as the frequency for age, n. analyzing the pilot study. In addition, the method of maximum likeli- Three samples, S (the total collection), hood has been worked out in case of the ex- H (home use), and I (in-library) were col- ponential model. lected from each of the three libraries. The data for most book usage studies of the past, it was found, were collected in one The Total Collection of the two following common ways: I) A sample was chosen (not necessarily random) In regard to the total collection (S), it of the total collection, and information col- was decided to take a 20% sample from the

Part 1 of this report hns been pzrblished in Specinl Librclries.1 I12 Part 2 Mrs. Andrews continues the description of studies of the Library Operntions Resenrch Project nt Purdne. The project, co-sponsored by the School of Industrial E?zgineeri.ing and the Puvdue Uui- vellrity Libraries, i?zvestigated the zrse of books ifz three departnze?ztnl libraries: Chemistry. Phpics mzd Pharmac~.This vesenrch uJns co?zdzdcted by A. K. Jain mder the directiotz of Dr. F. F. Leimkuhler, nnd zcns reported by Mr. Jain in his doctoral thesi~.~The resenrch wns rpomored by the Nntio?zdl Science Fomzd~ttion,O,@e of Science I?zformatiofz Service (GN-519). shelflist as this was considered to be the best The last recorded use (month and year) available sampling frame. The sampling The first recorded use (year) method was as follows: take each drawer Number of check-outs each year from 1945 to 1966 containing shelflist cards and choose one of The number of check-outs for each of the time the first five cards at random. Then select periods 1940-44, 1935-39, 1930-34 and pre- every fifth title by ignoring all cards other 1930. than the first for each title and skipping Three different sets of punched cards were gen- four "first" cards. Monographs and serials erated for each title: Use cards, description cards, were handled separately and the two data and serial growth cards. A use card was made for collection forms were designated. every bound piece of every serial title which was checked-out at least once. Information recorded was MONOGRAPHS a card definition code and the library code, serial code, first three digits of the Dewey number, the I) Data from shelflist. The following information was recorded for each title under study: language, the country, the check-out policy, date of publication, volume number, first and last use, and Complete call number (DDC and Cutter) the check-out history. Volume number (if applicable) A description card is composed of a card defini- Copy number (if applicable) tion code, the library code, the serial code, the com- Publisher plete call number, the language, country, check-out Country of publication policy, and an abbreviated title. Year of publication The purpose of the growth cards is to depict the Year of acquisition growth of the individual serials over time. Data Language of the book on these are the card definition code, library code, Location within the library (such as reference serial code, volume number of the oldest bound shelf, storage, etc.) piece of the serial in the library, the date of publication of this oldest piece, and the cumulative 2) Circulation histories. This information was taken from the check-out records in the books. The number of bound pieces for years which are following usage information was recorded: the last multiples of five, beginning with the first multiple recorded use (month and year), the first recorded of five years after the date of the oldest piece. use (year), and number of check-outs each year The accumulation continues until 1965. from 1945 to 1966, and the number of check-outs for each of the time periods 1940-44, 1935-39, 1930-34, and pre-1930. Information was key- Home Use punched on IBM cards. In regard to home use (H), the primary SERIALS source of data for the check-out sample was 1) Data from the shelflist. The following information was recorded: the charge cards of the books that were bor- rowed from the libraries. Every morning the Complete call number charge cards from the books that were Set number Complete title checked-out for home use the previous day Available volumes in library were collected during the spring of 1966. Serials are not shelved by call number; location From these cards the following information charts are used. was recorded for each book:

2) Circulation histories. Since serials are used Complete call number more heavily in the libraries than at home and Volume number (if applicable) therefore are not often checked-out, the usage his- Copy or set number (if applicable) tories may not provide a true picture of the usage User classification patterns. This is particularly true of the Chemistry Library where an extremely limited check-out Current check-out date policy prevails. Previous check-out date Country of publication, language and check-out Indication of the type of material (serial, policy were recorded for each serial using the se- new book, reference book, reserve book, rials themselves. Within each title information was collected for each bound piece, where a bound etc.) piece is defined as any volume, part of volume, or a set of volumes bound together as a unit. The in- This information was key punched on formation recorded for each bound piece was: IBM cards, one card per check-out. These Year of publication cards were then fed into the computer where Volume number the individual check-outs were sorted according to their call numbers and stored on code, the first three digits of the Dewey decimal magnetic tape. Before printing the informa- number, the language, the country, the check-out policy, the year of publication, volume number and tion contained on this tape, a computer pro- information on check-outs. Each bound piece which gram was written to calculate to the nearest was checked-out has a use card. one-tenth of a month the time between the A description card was prepared for each serial two check-out dates that were recorded. The title. These cards contain the card identification tape was then printed with the time between number, the library code, the call number, the language, the country, the check-out policy, the serial check-outs on the appropriate lines. A listing code, and an abbreviated title. of check-outs by order of call number with all the check-outs for each call number grouped together made it convenient to re- In-Library Use turn to the libraries to collect additional in- Very little is known about the book usage formation about the books that were circu- within the library premises except possibly lated. for a count of the total number of books re- shelved within a day. It was decided to col- MONOGRAPHS. lect usage data from books left on tables in A data collection form was used for recording the home use of monographs. This form contained the Physics and Chemistry Libraries. It is the following information: questionable whether the material left on the tables is identical with the material used, Complete call number Volume number however. Copy or set number The following information was recorded Publisher from the library materials left on the tables: Country of publication Language Call number Year of publication Volume number Year of acquisition Copy or set number Location within library Number of check-outs Type of material User, sample divider number* and length of check-out for each check-out The information collected was punched on cards, one card per in-library use, and SERIALS. then sorted by call number as was done with The data collection form user for serial check- the check-outs. The output tape from the out contained the following information for each sort was printed again, making it convenient title: to obtain additional information. Call number Series number (if applicable) MONOGRAPHS. Set number Similar to the shelflist and home use samples, Country of publication the additional data for monographs that was taken Language of the serial from the shelflist were the publisher, language, Title country, dates of publication and acquisition, and Available volumes of the serial book location code. A set of codes was generated Check-out policy for the monographs used within the library in the same manner as for the checked-out monographs. Each title was given a unique code in the same The information outlined above, the total number manner as in the shelflist sample. For individual of in-library uses, the number of uses with a volumes which circulated at least once, the year of sample divider number 1, the number of uses with publication, volume number, number of check-outs, a sample divider number 2, the monograph code, user code, sample divider number, and time be- and the library code were recorded on the data tween the last two check-outs for each individual collection form and punched into the cards. check-out were recorded. Two sets of punched cards were generated for serials that were circulated: The use cards and the For the serial titles in this sample, the data were description cards. The use cards contain the card assembled in exactly the same way as for the identification number, the library code, the serial checked-out serials. The data included for the individual volumes were the year of publication, the * In order to dow for the possibility of the division of the home use sample into two random sub- volume number, volume number addendum, total samples, alternative "ones" and "twos" were assigned number of uses, number of uses with sample di- to the check-outs as they were recorded. These are vider number 1, and the number with sample di- referred to as sample divider numbers. vider number 2. Table 1. A Breakdown of the Shelflist Sample of Monographs by Location and Subject-Language Group LIBRARY MONOGRAPHGROUP No. CHEMISTRY Open Shelf-English (DDC 540-549) Open Shelf-English (DDC Other) Open Shelf-Foreign Reserve and Reference

Total PHYSICS Open Shelf-English (DDC 530-539) Open Shelf-English (DDC Other) Open Shelf-Foreign Reserve and Reference Other Locations Storage Missing

Total PHARMACY Open Shelf-English (DDC 600-619) Open Shelf-English (DDC Other) open shelf-~orei~n Reserve and Reference Other Locations Storage Missing

Total

Two sets of punched cards were generated: The over 60% of the checked-out open shelf use cards and the description cards. The use cards, monographs are in English in the prime sub- one card per bound piece, contained the card ject area. On the other hand, the correspond- identification number, library code, first three digits ing figure for Pharmacy is only This of Dewey number, the language, country, check- 42.7%. out policy, serial code, and the in-library use data. is probably due to heavy use in the Pharmacy The description cards for in-library used serial Library of materials in related fields (see titles were punched in exactly the same format as Table 2). It can be seen from Table 3 that for the checked-out serials. most of the checked-out items were acquired recently. The percentages of monographs acquired during 1960-65 are 40.0, 34.2, and Usage Data 28.3 for Chemistry, Physics and Pharmacy, respectively. Similarly, the percentages of The Pn function was then fitted to the checked-out monographs acquired during data collected from the three libraries. Also 1960-65 arc 59.9, 59.7, and 52.7 for Chem- three book usage models proposed in the istry, Physics, and Pharmacy, respectively. Us- literature and the simplest form of the Pn ing these figures it can be shown that the model are fitted to the data from the Purdue monographs acquired during 1960-65 were Libraries. Some of the ddta from the three used two to three times as much as those ac- libraries may be of interest (see Table 1). quired before 1960. It is interesting to note that about 45% of In spite of the shortcomings of the Sam- the English language monographs on the open pling procedure used, it was decided to do shelves in each of the three libraries is in the an in-library usage sample. It is interesting subject area ~hichis of prime interest to the that the percentage breakdown by subject and department concerned. language group is quite similar to the one In the Physics and Chemistry Libraries given for checked-out monographs. Table 2. A Breakdown of the Monographs Checked-Out by Subject and Language LIBRARY MONOGRAPHGROUP No. CHEMISTRY English (DDC 540-549) English (DDC Other) Foreign

Total PHYSICS English (DDC 530-539) English (DDC Other) Foreign

Total PHARMACY English (DDC 600-619) English (DDC Other) Foreign

Total

Conclusions do very well when fitted to the check-outs of monographs for home use collected during The following specific conclusions may be Spring 1966 and Spring 1967. 5) The home derived from the study: 1) The sampling use data collected during Spring 1967 yield methods and the concept of relative use de- the same fit as the home use data collected veloped in this research study are more one year earlier. 6) A sample of check-outs efficient in studying usage of books than the for home use collected during a relatively usual methods employed. 2) The "Pn func- short period of time along with a sample of tion" is quite efficient in describing the prob- the total collection is the best set of data for ability of "no use" of a book for various studying home use of monographs. ages. 3) Age is a significant variable in study- In conclusion it should be pointed out that ing usage of monographs. 4) The simplest some of the appended data in this study are form of the Pn model does as well as the of considerable interest. There is a statistical three other book usage models when fitted to analysis of the data from the Chemistry, the Purdue data. All of these four models Physics, and Pharmacy Libraries. There are

Table 3. Percentages of Monographs in the Prime DDC Group in the Shelflist and Samples Checked-Out by the Year of Acquisition in the Library twenty-one tables, the first sixteen presenting for Chemistry, 65 out of 479 for Physics breakdown of shelflist, check-out, and in- (about 14%), and 60 out of 360 (about library use samples of monographs. Three 17%) for Pharmacy. tables give the observed and predicted pro- In the Pharmacy Library the largest num- portions of monographs not used for shelf- ber of users were from the School of Phar- list, check-out, and in-library use respectively ; macy, of course. Next came users from Chem- and two tables present the models, fitted and istry, Biochemistry, Civil Engineering, and observed, and predicted average use. Life Science. The status of users in the Phar- Some interesting incidental observations macy Library was about as follows: 25% and comparisons can be made from these undergraduate, 50% graduate, 18% faculty, data. For instance, the language of the largest and 7% other. number of monographs held in all three libraries ranked thus: English, German, and References French (a poor third). Only Physics had much Russian material. 1. ANDREWS,Theodora. The Role of Departmental Major publishers differed a little for the Libraries in Operations Research Studies in a Uni- three libraries. For Chemistry they were versity Library. Part 1. Selection for Storage Prob- Wiley, Interscience, and Academic, in that lems. Special Libraries, v. 59, no. 7: p. 519-524 (Sept. 1968). order. For Physics they were McGraw-Hill, 2. JAIN, A. K. A Statistical Study of Book Use. Wiley, and Springer. For Pharmacy they were PB 176 525. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Clearing- Academic and Wiley (the same number), house for Federal Scientific Technical Information. and McGraw-Hill. Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, 1968. 3. MORSF,P. M. "On the Prediction of Library The number of monographs "never used" Use." Appendix N. Intrex. Cambridge, MIT Press, ran as follows: 40 out of 458 (about 9%) 1965. LTP Reports to SLA ~zolugyReports since its inception nearly four years ago, resigned as of August 31. Cole was succeeded by Robert Shaw, head of in Compact Library Shelving, published by the LTP Information Service. Mrs. Nancy LTP in July 1968, Drahoslav Gawrecki dis- Knight, assistant editor of Library Technol- cusses one possible aid to solving the prob- ogy Reports, was promoted to Shaw's former lem of a shortage of storage space. Mr. Gaw- position. recki, a recognized European authority in Robert Shaw was appointed ALA repre- matters relating to library layout, furniture sentative at the organizational meeting of the and equipment, in this volume examines the USASI Committee PH7 on Audiovisual Pho- utilization of storage space, presenting its tographic Standards. The scope of the com- theoretical aspects as well as a history of mittee is to set standards for photographic compact shelving in America and Europe. systems, materials, apparatus nomenclature, Originally published in the Czech language and test methods pertaining to the audio- in 1960, and now translated for LTP, the visual art, coordinated with the work of the book also presents six selected appendices by existing USA photographic standards com- American, English, Russian and Swedish au- mittee. thorities that treat of various aspects of com- Eugene B. Jackson stepped down as Chair- pact shelving. Compact Library Shelvilzg, LTP man of LTP Advisory Committee, but con- Publication No. 14, may be ordered from tinues to serve as a member. He was suc- the Publishing Department, American Li- ceeded by Ralph Hopp, Librarian of the brary Association, 50 E. Huron Street, Chi- University of Minnesota. Richard de Gennaro cago 6061 1. of Harvard University Libraries replaced Early this year, Product Standard PS9-68 Richard Sealock, Librarian, Kansas City titled "Fabrics for Book Covers" was ap- Public Library, whose term expired. proved for publication by the National Bu- It was with regret that LTP received the reau of Standards. This new standard is a news of the death on July 22, only three revision of Commercial Standard CS57-40, weeks after his retirement, of John H. Otte- "Book Cloths, Buckrams, and Impregnated miller, former Associate Librarian at Yale Fabrics for Bookbinding Purposes Except Li- University Library. Ottemiller was intimately brary Bindings." It became effective on April associated with the Library Technology Pro- 15, 1968; CS57-40 was withdrawn on May gram. It was he who, in 1958, conducted a 15, 1968. ALA was represented on the feasibility study on Melville J. Ruggles' sug- Standing Committee for Revision of CS57-40 gestion for a research-testing-standardizing by the Assistant Director of LTP, Richard program in the field of library supplies, Luce. equipment and systems. Ottemiller was as- Subcommittee No. 3 of USASI Sectional sisted in the study by an advisory committee Committee 285, Standardization of Library of 12 librarians and laymen. He served on Supplies and Equipment, continued its efforts LTP's first advisory committee until the fall to reach agreement on a standard for perma- of 1962, and was always liberal with sound nent/durable catalog card stock. A draft of advice and counsel. the proposed standard was circulated this summer for what was hoped would be the final vote. MARJORIEE. WEISSMAN The September 1968 issue of Library Tech- General Editor nology Reports carried evaluation reports by Library Technology Program William Hawken of the Murrayscope G 14 American Library Association, Chicago and G 21, and the DRS Mini-Reader microfiche readers. There were also reports on 18 conventional steel swivel chairs and a survey EDITOR'SNOTE: SLA's Special Representative to of domestic book trucks which updates the the ALA/LTP Advisory Committee is Don T. Ho, supervisor of Technical Information Libraries, previous survey of September 1965. Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jer- William P. Cole, editor of Library Tech- sey. Education for Special Librarianship Curriculum Proposal

RITICISM ARISES FROM CERTAIN SOURCES 1. Psychology of the User (3 semester- hours) C that SLA has constantlv, harpedL on the inadequacies of the curricula of the library a. The psychology of reading. schools, yet has never made concrete sugges- b. Behavior and flow of information; tions as - to changes. I have this The Invisible College. curriculum proposal as a first step toward a c. Negotiating the reference question. dialogue in this journal among experienced d. Service: the librarian's motivation. - - special librarians. The dialogue can lead to 2. Pz~blishing: Books and Periodicals (2 some firm suggestions to our friends, the li- semester-hours) brary school educators. History of the book and the periodical. The voint has been made that there is a The author-motivation: Profits, wide distinction between public/academic "publish or perish," etc. libraries with an educational/cultural objec- Receiving and accepting the manu- tive and a dollar/product oriented 1ibrary.l script: Corrections. Similarly, the librarians in these libraries Preparation of the manuscript for differ considerably. publication. "Librarians (should) not be trained alike, Publication and distribution: Binding. and (should) not be interchangeable . . . The Publisher and the profit motive: the engineering student must decide early The copyright controversy. what kind of engineer he is going to be, and Snruey of Government as a Vendor he can't change his mind later without exten- (4 semester-hours) sive retraining. I see no reason why librarians 1st Semester (2 semester-hours) can't be expected to make up their minds by GPO material. the time they approach graduate school."" 2nd Semester (2 semester-hours) As an employer in a non-academic, non- Non-GPO material to include public scicnce-oriented library, I have drawn AEC, DDC, NASA, UN, Foreign up n one year, 36 semester-hour curriculum Governments, and States. which I feel would give a library graduate 4. Problems in Acynisitions, Book Selection optimum training for a position in a library and Weeding (3 semester-hours) such as this one. 5. Control of Liblzlry Materials: Theories An ideal student (alas, not available, of of Indexing, the Thesaz/rz~s,et al. (3 course) would come to library school with semester-hours) two years of college mathematics, two years 6. Abstractin~nnd Indexing: To Include of physics, two of chemistry and two of bi- the Indexifzg Abstracting Services (2 ology. Obviously the normal requirements in semester-hours) the humanities and the social sciences would 7. Librq Administration have been met-hopefully with foreign 1st Semester (3 semester-hours) Li- languages and economics. Let us also pray brary government, the board or that the candidate has also had an effective committee, the budget, elements of course in public speaking. systems analysis. 2nd Semester (3 semester-hours) Cri- teria of values of automation ; eval- 1. BURKE,John E. The Rising Tide-More Re- ; ; ~earrh Libraries. East Texas State University, uation of binding personnel pub- 1966. p.84. lic relations; library design and MUELLER,Max W. Time, Cost and Value in In- architecture. formation Retviezd. Paper presented at the IBM 8. Profes~ional Attitz~des (2 semester- Information Retrieval Systems Conference, Pough- keepsie, N. Y., Sept. 21-23. 1959. p.3. hours). The philosophic ramifications 2. Letter, Herbert S. White to Grieg Aspnes, of the Weinberg report; recent devel- Feb. 19, 1965. p.4. opments in information science and systems. Are we a profession? The library Reference Tools (3 semester- brary associations; service as motiva- hours). The vital nature of the tele- tion. phone : the authority, private collector, 9. Funddnzentals of Library Mechanical other libraries, associations, consul- Tools (3 semester-hours) ates, congressmen, Archives, DDC, a. Reprographic tools. AEC, NASA, patents, technical re- b. Audiovisual tools. ports, commercial catalogs, newspaper c. EAM and ADP equipment. morgues. 10. Concurrent Practicum in Both Reference atzd Cataloging (5 semester-hours) . Students man a practice desk and later ERIK BROMBERG a real desk in both reference and cata- Director of Library Services loging three days a week for a full Departmental Library year. U.S. Department of the Interior 11. Little Used and Non-Conventional Li- Washington, D. C. 20240

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR profession of library science: 1) Librarian (M.L.S.) ; 2) Special Librarian (M.L.S.) ; 3) Associate Librarian (B.L.S.) (I suggest a re- PROFESSIONOF LIBRARYSCIENCE AND newal of undergraduate major in library TRADEOF LIBRARYSCIENCE science to supply the shortage of trained librarians. The status of the Bachelor of Library As a non-professional librarian employed by Science would be less than the M.L.S.); 4) Librarv Assistant (L.A.A.) (Associates of Arts a major shipbuilding concern in Los Angeles, , .. degree in library science granted from a junior may I comment on the controversy within the college program now under discussion). library profession concerning library tech- The qualifying factor in these titles is the nicians. degree notation following the name. Our company employs draftsmen, design Now, within the trade of library science I engineers, junior engineers, full engineers and suggest the following: I) Library Technician naval architects, each of whom is concerned (someone with two years of college and/or with the end purpose of designing and con- related working library experience) ; 2) Library structing successful drilling vessels. Each of Clerk (someone with at least one year of work- these positions possesses a separate status and ing library experience) ; 3) Junior Library Clerk rating within the engineering profession all its (someone with less than a full year of working own. X' library experience). Therefore, the problem lies with finding the A library technician with two years of col- dividing point between the professional li- lege could take an examination given by the brarian and the trdde librarian. This dividing junior college to qualify for the L.A.A. if he so line is difficult to determine in abstract pro- desired. fessions such as acting, writing, and music; but In addition, we cannot ignore those tech- if electricians and carpenters have been able to nicians, library assistants or library clerks, who devise apprenticeship and credential programs, through their own personal initiative, working we should be able to do so also. library experience and ability to do the job Foregoing such illustrious titles as "librarian well, have earned positions as librarians for en~eritus", "acting librarian", "functional li- company, VISTA, special, or Peace Corps librarian", "non-card carrying librarian", "hon- braries. While they have no M.L.S. to follow orary librarian" and "hypothetical librarian", their names, they are carrying out the duties may I offer the following hierachy within the of full librarians. I suggest we call these people p~cccticccllibrccrians. * See BBBBINGTON,Marguerite. Letters to the MARGARETSTUART Editor. Special Libvarier v.59: no. 6, p.457 (July- (Practical) Librarian August 1968). North Hollywood, California BOOK REVIEW encyclopedia offers a good foundation for study of system designs in printed sources of information. Dr. Shores states that the encyclopedia is not only a survey of the knowl- COLLISON,Robert L. Progress in edge most significant to mankind, but the sum ence 1967. London, Butterworths, total of information system design followed in most basic reference books. 48s. A very worthwhile article was presented on The 1967 volume is a source of information library services for the blind. More articles of about librarianship in Great Britain and its this type are needed. Most libraries for the commonwealth nation Canada, but the work is blind today are run through efforts of volun- in a sense disappointing. Surely during a whole teers. The blind can read through the use of year more progress was achieved in Library Braille and Moon. Today there are also talk- Science in Great Britain than the editor ing books available and a Student's Tape Serv- presents to us in this work. The work was ice for the blind. fragmentary where it should have been de- The article, "Progress of Library Science in tailed and too detailed where it should have Canada," is an interesting and worthwhile been brief. A chronology is presented at the article. A survey of this type helps make those start of the book but this table is almost com- working in the library field become aware of pletely ignored during the course of the work. what is happening and it also makes the gov- There were many, many more interesting items ernment of a country aware of what has to be mentioned in the chronology than some of the done to improve the situation. items discussed in the book. A fine report on the presence of bookmen in A good but too detailed account of house the library today is presented. The bookman- journals is presented in the first chapter. Per- a librarian who personally selects each book haps there should be more house journals that appears in a library-is rapidly disap- available in Great Britain. More discussion on pearing from libraries of today. A chapter on the need for house journals could have re- antiquarian bookmen discusses the fact that placed the long reproduction of the House bookmen of this type are rapidly disappearing Jo?wzdl Directory. More space could have from the scene. Causes cited are great competi- been given to other chapters in the work or tion among antiquarian bookmen, a low fi- additional chapters could have been added on nancial reward, and more attractive jobs else- more interesting and informative topics. I am where. sure anyone interested in obtaining more in- An article on Oriental and Asian bibliog- formation on the House Journal Directory and raphy attempts to list or discuss the more im- its contents could obtain this information by portant works published in Asia and the Orient writing to the source of this directory. during the past few years. R. T. Bottle gives an excellent account on The volume closes with an informative teaching students to use scientific and tech- review of the work done by the British Stand- nical information. It was pointed out that ards Institution. more courses should be available in colleges The volume is a very fine one but it could whereby students may obtain such training. have presented more information and more How such training can be given was a bit articles had the length of the chapters been neglected. Excellent examples of what is being subject to better editorial control. done in countries throughout the world were cited. It was the opinion of the author that more training of this type is given in European universities than in those of the United States. GERALDJ. ZICCARDI,Librarian An excellent article on encyclopedias and Directorate of Medical Material Library information systems design was prepared by Defense Supply Agency Louis Shores of Florida State University. The Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 HAVE YOU HEARD ? University of Tehran The first class of fourteen librarians received their MSLS degrees from the University of New ERIC Tehran in June. Their graduation doubles the number of Iranian professional librarians. The ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Educa- tion began operation on July 1. Bibliogra- phies, interpretive reviews, and monographs Nation-Wide Transfax will be developed and disseminated. Address: 115615th St. NW, Washington, D. C. The Transceiver Corporation has announced 20005. its new network of 175 Transceiver Centers in 120 major cities-with an additional 1,400 centers waiting for equipment delivery. The Dalhousie's Centennial document to be sent is read electronically at the transmitting end. The facsimile image is The Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Univer- converted into an audible signal which is sity, Halifax, N. S. celebrates its 100th anni- transmitted over an ordinary telephone line. versary this year. The centennial of the At the receiving end, the signals are trans- W. K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library was formed into impressions on the paper. observed on Sept. 10 by a colloquium, "The Future for Medical School Libraries." General Services Administration

New Construction Establishment of an Archives Advisory Coun- cil has been announced by Lawson B. Knott, H. W. Wilson Company to erect a new six- Jr., administrator of General Services. The 18 story building on University Avenue in the council members will be selected primarily Bronx. The new building when completed from the historical community, but will also will add 68,000 square feet of usable space include political scientists, economists, gene- to the present 116,000 square feet in the alogists, teachers and archivists. four existing buildings. . . . The Wilson Company has recently become the first Patron of Special Libraries Association. 1 Chapter Visits Alabaman Honored t President Herbert S. White Sept. 28 Pacific Northwest Chapter. Seattle On August 3 President Johnson signed into law legislation designating the planned Na- Oct. 1 Minnesota Chapter. St. Paul Oct. 3 Joint Meeting of Colorado tional Center for Biomedical Cornmunica- Chapter and Colorado Li- tions as the Lister Hill National Center for brary Association. Vail, Biomedical Communications, thus honoring Colorado the Senator from Alabama. The center will Oct. 5 Joint Meeting of Southern California Chapter, San be part of the National Library of Medicine; Diego Chapter, and San its tower-type structure is to be erected within Francisco Bay Region Chap- the next four or five years. ter. Santa Barbara. 1 President-Elect Robert W. Gibson, Jr. 1 Oct. 4 Louisiana Chapter. Baton ASIS Moves Offices Rouge Oct. 6 Texas Chapter. Austin On Sept. 15 the American Society for Infor- Nov. 7-9 Rio Grande Chapter mation Science moved to: 2011 "Eye" St. Nov. 22-24 Heart of America Chapter NW, Washington, D. C. 20006. In Memoriam MEMBERS IN THE NEWS

Margaret Reynolds

N JUNE 28, 1968 MARGARETREYNOLDS 0 died at the age of 84. Until her retirement in 1948 Miss Reynolds had been librarian of the First Wisconsin National Bank in Milwaukee. Miss Reynolds, a graduate of the Univer- sity of Wisconsin Library School, was the Crawford Martin first student accepted for the Pioneer Class of the school. She became the first librarian of the First Wisconsin in 1918. Her organiza- Lee Ash, library consultant, has contracted tional skill and ability to administer all as- to edit the 16-page, bimonthly New Euglmd pects of library work soon demonstrated the Libraq A.i~oriatzon Nert'slette~.Publication value of her pioneering efforts in financial begins Jan. 1969. Editorial office: 31 Alden library services. She was vitally interested in Rd., New Haven 065 15. Special Libraries Association, and served twice as chairman of its Financial Group Kenneth D. Carroll . . . to senior informa- (now the Business and Finance Division). tion scientist, Information Division, American After serving as Vice President of the Asso- Institute of Physics, N. Y. ciation, she was elected President in June 1930 at the San Francisco Convention. Dur- ing the cross-country train trip from New The Army's Meritorious Civilian Service York to San Francisco, a meeting of the Ex- Award to Agnes D. Crawford for outstand- ecutive Board was held on the train. ing work as director of the Army Library Margaret Reynolds was instrumental in Service; she retired recently after 27 years in the army library service. organizing SLA's Milwaukee Chapter (now the Wisconsin Chapter) in 1931. She was an enthusiastic participant in the Chapter's pro- An Institute on New Media in Library Edu- fessional activities during her tenure as lication was concluded on August 30 at the brarian. University of Pittsburgh. The Institute was She was a contributor to Special Libfaries; under the direction of Dr. Jay E. Daily. A she also served as associate editor of the "We multimedia approach, in a laboratory &a- Do This" department from 1925 to 1931. tion, was demonstrated. Sessions included Thus she was an active participant in "Put- use of the 360/57 computer terminals, the ting Knowledge to Work." production of slides and projectuals, use of Following her retirement, Miss Reynolds video tape in role-playing activities, and acted as library consultant in the Milwaukee games to teach complex concepts of library area. She maintained her keen interest in spe- organization cial libraries until her death. Burton E. Lamkin to adjunct lecturer in data processing at Maryland's School of Li- EVELYN M. TESSMAN brary and Information Science . . . Mat- First Wisconsin National Bank thew J. Velluci to research associate and Milwaukee, Wisconsin special assistant to the dean; to be concerned with building planning, office procedures and arrangements and budgetary details.

Mary Martin from research librarian to head librarian at Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo. Father Fintan R. Shoniker, O.S.B. . . . to CHAPTERS & DIVISIONS president of St. Vincent College, Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Father Shoniker was formerly director of libraries at the college. Public Utility UL Norman L. Varieur . . . to chief, Tech- nical Processes Section, Science & Technology A second edition of A Union List of Serials Information Branch, Picatinny Arsenal, for Pablic Utility Libraries has been an- Dover, N. J. nounced by Sci-Tech's Public Utilities Sec- tion. Orders at $10 per copy to: Anne Bur- Melvin J. Voigt, librarian University of nett, Librarian, Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 245 California, San Diego, presided as master of Market St., San Francisco 94106. Chedcs ceremonies at the groundbreaking for the $4 payable to: Public Utilities Section, SLA. million Central University Library which took place on July 1. New Illinois Directory Dr. Henry Voos . . . to associate professor, Graduate School of Library Service, The 1968-1969 Illinois Chapter Membership Rutgers. Responsibilities in instruction and Directory is available at $2 per copy. Orders research include communication, systems to: David King, R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., analysis, and information science and tech- 350 E. 22nd St., Chicago 60616. Checks pay- nology. able to: Illinois Chapter, SLA. Daniel J. Yett . . . to science bibliog- rapher for the George Washington Univer- sity Library, Washington, D. C. He had Geography and Map Division Bulletin been library director for the Virginia Asso- ciated Research Center. Two papers from the Los Angeles Confer- ence are being published in the Division's Bnlletiw "The Literature of Yesterday's Ex- ploration" by Roy V. Boswell, Antiquarian Bookseller, Beverly Hills, Calif. appears in SLA Authors the September issue of the Balletin. "Notes on Latin American Cartography and Geog- BOWDEN,Clyde N. comp. Catalog of the Inland raphy" by Dr. Charles F. Bennett, Jr., Latin Rioers Library. Cincinnati, Public Library of Cin- American Center, UCLA, will be published cinnati and Hamilton County. 1968. iv, 156p. in the November Bulletin. pap. $2.00. Mr. Bowden is curator of the Inland Rivers Library, Rare Book Room, Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. Dayton HARO,Robert P. A Director? of Go~;evnmental, Public atzd Urban Affairs Research Centers ar American Colleges and lI?~izwsities.Davis, Calif., A 10-week noncredit class for untrained li- Institute of Governmental Affairs, 1968. viii, 81p. brarians and library assistants was sponsored pap. Apply. last year by Dayton Chapter's Education Com- mittee in cooperation with the Engineering The American Institute of Management's publica- Foundation of Dayton. Another 10-session tion, The Curpo~ateDirector. v.10: no. 3, 12p. (1968) cites sewn SLA members and their li- course, "Using the Material in the Small braries: Alice Wells, librarian, American Airlines; Library" began on Sept. 19. A fee of $25 in- Mrs. Annchen T. Swanson, chief librarian, The cludes texts and instructional materials. In- Chase Manhattan Bank; Mrs. Mayra Scarborough, structors are: Virginia Eckel (Air Force In- director, Marketing Library, Hoffmann-LaRoche; stitute of Technology) and Mrs. Margaret Bernard Prudhomme, librarian, International Fla- vors & Fragrances; Helen S. Johnston, librarian, Hardy (Miami Valley Hospital). The Lehman Corporation; and Rosalie Harrill, research librarian, Xerox Corp., N. Y. COMING EVENTS OFF THE PRESS

Oct. 6-12. National "Employ the Physically MLA Directory Handicapped" Week. . . sponsored by the President's Committee on Employment of the The biennial issue of the Directory of the Handicapped. Medical Library Association is available at $5 per copy to MLA members, $25 to non- Oct. 18-19 . . . at the Upstate Medical members of MLA. Check should accompany Center, Syracuse, N. Y. An upstate New order to: MLA, 919 N. Michigan Ave., York Regional Group Meeting of the chap- Chicago 6061 1. ters of SLA, MLA, and ASIS.

Oct. 20-23 . . . at the Cleveland-Sheraton Hotel the 13th Annual Conference of the Supplement to CODEN American Records Management Association. Registration fee: $90 members, $100 non- The first Snpplement to CODEN for Peri- members. Write: ARMA Headquarters, 24 odical Titles is available at $45 per copy N. Wabash Ave., Chicago 60602. (less 20% to ASTM members). Orders to: American Society for Testing and Materials, Oct. 23. . . . Nursing School Librarians of 1916 Race St., Philadelphia 19103. the Midwest at the American Medical Asso- ciation, Chicago.

Nov. 9-10 . . . in Columbus at the Ohio Canadian Specials State University, the First Workshop for Photography Collectors. For further informa- Two of CLA's Occasional Papers will be of tion: Walter A. Johnson, Dept. of Photog- interest to readers of Special Libraries. They raphy and Cinema, Ohio State University, were sponsored by the Research and Special 156 W. 19th Ave., Columbus 43210. Libraries Section, CLA-ACB. Special Libraries in Canada: A Directory, Nov. 13-15 . . . in St. Louis, the Fifth Compiled by Beryl L. Anderson. Subject Symposium on Machine Methods in Libraries. index; geographic index. 209p. multilith. Send $50 registration fee to: Washington $3.50 (Occasional Paper no. 73) University, School of Medicine Library, Attn: Directory of Special Collections in Cana- Mrs. Betty Kulifay, 4580 Scott Ave., St. dian Libraries. By Janet Fyfe and Ray- Louis, Mo. 631 10. mond H. Deutsch. 2v. Subject index; name index. Directory is arranged by Dec. 28-30 . . . in Dallas, the Annual Meet- Province. approx. 500p. multilith. $4.50 ing of the American Association for the (Occasional Paper no. 58) Advancement of Science, Section T-Informa- Address orders to: Canadian Library Associ- tion and Communication. Section theme: Sci- ation, 63 Sparks St., Ottawa 4, Canada. ence-Knowledge Communications Interface. Advance registration to AAAS, Dept. R, 15 15 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D. C. 20005. New Directory of Translators

Jan. 13-15, 1969 . . . in Washington at the Pond Press, London announces the publica- Twin Bridges Marriott Motor Hotel. An in- tion of I?zter?zatio?zalDirectory of Trandators stitute, "Management and Technology in and Interpreters, 298~.Distribution in the Printing and Publishing," sponsored by The US by Cunningham's, P.O. Box 401, Cam- American University's Center for Technology den, N. J. 08101. $13 per copy ($11 to li- and Administration. For more information: braries and other non-profit institutions). 3900 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C. 2,120 technical and literary editors in 39 20016. countries are listed. Pitt's Occasional Papers RECENT REFERENCES

A series of occasional papers are to be pub- Bibliographic Tools lished by Pitt's Graduate School of Library and Information Sciences under the title, Business Literature: an Amotated List for Students The Pittsburgh Series in Library and Infor- and Businessmen. (Reference List, no. 25). Boston: matio?z Sciences. Dr. Jay Daily is series edi- Harvard University. Graduate School of Business Administration. Baker Library, 1968. 139~.pap. $5. tor. The first paper, "A Concept Paper-the A revision of Reference List, no. 17, provides Regional Library Center in the Mid 1970's" students and businessmen with a highly selected is by Thomas Minder, executive director of list of books and magazines in the principal areas the Pittsburgh Regional Library Center. of business. Brief descriptive notes are included to indicate the scope or audience for which each book is intended. Contains only books in print as of All-Inclusive 8mm Film Directory December 1967. Appendix: General bibliographies and periodicals ; Published case books ; Publishers and Index. More than 5,000 films in all formats arc listed in the 8mm Film Directory to be published by Educational Film Library Associa- FARISEI,Margaret K. String Music in Print Includ- iug Composer Index Supplemezt. New York & tion. Order at $8.50 per copy from: Compre- London: R. R. Bowker Co., 1968, xv, 204p. $15.95, hensive Service Corp., Dept. T, 250 W. 64th US.A. and Canada; $17.55 elsewhere. (LC 65- St.. N. Y.10023. 14969) Publications listed in the Supplement did not appear in String Music it2 Print (1965). This is Library Telecommunications a guide to published music for violin, viola, violon- cello, and double-bass, and an index of composers represented in both books. Composer index, list The 2d rev. ed. of Library Telecommunica- of Publishers. tions Directory: Canada-US, is updated to July 1968. 416 libraries are listed as using HEIDELBACH,Ruth and LI~SEY,Margaret. Anno- TWX or TELEX communications. Orders tated Bibliography of1 Laboratory Experiences alzd from the U.S. (at $2 per copy) to: Warren Related Activities itz the Professiond Education of Bird, Associate Director, Duke University Teachers July 1966-June 1967. Washington, Asso- Medical Center Library, Durham, N. C. ciation for Student Teaching, 1968. vi, 85p. pap. $1. (LC 68-26871) 27706. Checks payable to: Duke University A majority of the references included in this Medical Center Library. Orders from Canada annotated bibliography have appeared in the pro- to: David Skene Melvin, Associate Director, fessional literature during the period of July 1966 Lake Erie Regional Library System, 305 through June 1967. Categories in which the refer- Queens Ave., London, Ontario, Canada. ences are presented in this bibliography both re- flect continued emphases and concerns of the profession and reveal new foci and modes of inquiry. Information Analysis Centers Directory MAICHEL,Karol. Guide to Rus.riatz Refereace The COSATI Panel on Information Analysis Books. v. 5, Science Technology and Medicine, with the assistance of B. J. Pooler, Rudolf Led- Centers has issued a Directory of Federally nicky. (Bibliographical Ser. XXXII.) Stanford, Snpported Information Analysis Centers. Calif: Hoe\-er Institution on War, Revolution and Order at $3 per copy from: Clearinghouse, Peace, Stanford Univ., 1967. 384p. $22.50. (LC Springfield, Va. 2215 1. 62-14067) The Guide attempts to present to the American scientist in a systematized way the most useful Russian bibliographic and reference tools needed to keep abreast with Soviet scientific achievements and Scientific Meetings literature. Nearly 2,000 items listed here are Rus- to be published sian and Western language (English, French, German) materials. The publications selected cover Quarterly Russian sciences from the earliest recorded times in 1969 to the end of 1965 (with some overlaps to 1966). Stress was placed on reference tools covering the (See Page 589) post-World War I1 period and especially the years 1950-1965. Index. OCTOBER1968 SLAVENS,Thomas P. ed. Library Case Studies in nectio?j uith Courses in Technical Services in Li- the Social Sciences. Ann Arbor, Mich., Campus hra~ies utld Orga~izafionof Mate~ials, 4th ed. Publishers, 1967. iv, 82p. pap. $3.25. New York, 1967. unpaged pap. $3. This work is designed for Library Educators Several important changes appear in this new teaching courses in the bibliography of social sci- revised and enlarged edition. The collection of ences, involved in teaching students to analyze and cards includes more examples of corporate entries solve reference problems in the fields of geography, (especially those of governments) and serials, as anthropology, sociology, education, history, politi- well as cards for maps, music, phonograph records, cal science, law, economics and business. Includes microfilm, motion pictures, archival materials and 25 case studies involving public libraries, as well rare books. A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author as college, university, school and special libraries. and Titles Entrie~ (2d ed.) and the Library of Congress Rules for Descriptive Cataloging are fol- SLOCUM,Robert B., ed. Biographical Dictionaries lowed. Entries which conform to Anglo-American and Related Works. Detroit, Gale Research Com- Cafaloging Rules are also presented. pany, 1967. xxiii, 1056p. $20. (LC 67-27789) An international Bibliography of Collective SEELY,Pauline A. ed. ALA Rules for Filing Cata- Biographies, Bio-bibliographies, Collections of lo~pCards, 2d ed. Chicago, Ill.: Am. Library Assn. Epitaphs, Selected Genealogical Works, Dictionar- Pub. Dept., 1968. 274p. $6.75 (LC 68-21019) ies of Anonyms and Pseudonyms, Historical and New, official rules are the first revision since Specialized Dictionaries, Biographical Materials publication of the 1942 filing rules. The new rules in Government Manuals, Bibliographies of Biog- are designed to meet current library needs in solv- raphy, Biographical Indexes, and Selected Portrait ing the filing problems occasioned by develop- Catalogs. Cites 5,600 sources of biographical in- ments and changes of the past twenty-five years. formation published since 1500 about persons of An extensive glossary, list of initial articles to b3 note throughout the world. Three sections provide disregarded, and a detailed index provide added guidelines for where to find basic biographic facts helps. about personalities of the past and present. Author, title and subject indexes. . ALA Ru1e.r for Filing Catalog Cads, 2d ed. abr. Chicago, Ill.: Am. Library Assn. 1968. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION.DEPARTMENT OF 104p. pap. $2. (LC 68-21020) MEDICINEAND SURGERY.Basic List of Book.r m~d Prepared by the ALA Editorial Committee's Journals for Vetemns Administration Medical Li- Subcommittee on the ALA Rules for Filing Cata- braries. (G-14, M-2, Part XIII, Revised.) Wash- log Cards This abridgement presents the same ington, 1967. iii, jlp. pap. basic rules, but omits most of the specialized and A revision of the August 1964 edition; 352 explanatory material. It is expected to meet th: books and 109 journal titles are included in this needs of most small and medium sized libraries for edition. Author index. Alphabetical list of journals. a simpler code and to serve as a basic tool for teaching filing, both on the job and in library VETERANSADMINISTRATION. DEPARTME~T OF schools. MEDICINEAND SURGERY.MEDICAL AND GENERAL REFERENCELIBRARY. We call it Bibliothe~ap~,an Annotated Bibliography on Bibliotherapp and the Dictionaries Adult Hospitalized Patient, 1900-1966. (Bibliogra- phy 10-1.) Washington, 1967. iii, 50p. pap. BOOKMAN,Howard L. and HOWARD,Richard C., Recommended books for use in bibliotherapy, eds. Bio~raphjcalDictionary of Republicaw China, especially for adult patients, with author index. rol. 2: Dalai-Ma. New York & London, Columbia A revision of earlier bibliographies published in Univ. Press, 1968. xiiii, 481p. map. $20. (LC 1957 and 1961. Lists and annotates 403 books and 67-12006) journal articles written since 1957. Second volume of a projected four-volume series, sponsored by the School of International Affairs ZIMMERMANN,Doris F., comp. Federal Resewe of Columbia University and supported by grants Bank Reviews Selected Subjects 1959-1966. Phila- from the Ford Foundation. The final volume will delphia: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. contain a comprehensive bibliography. Library, 1967. 126p. pap. spiral binding. Selected subjects of special interest to Federal DE VRIES, Louis and HERRMANN,The0 M., Reserve libraries have been indexed and the cumu- ccrmps. Englirh-German Technical and engineer in^ lation printed every two years. Thesaurus of subject Dictionary, 2d ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1968. headings, a current index with quarterly revisions 1150p. $27.50. is maintained on cards at the Bank in Philadelphia Completely revised and enlarged, this volume library. contains over 200,000 entries covering technical and scientific terms used in all fields of engineering and industry, includes new professional and Cataloging technical terms used in such expanding subjects as climatology, automation, control engineering, astro- COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY. SCHOOL OF LIBRARY nautics, data processing, inertial navigation, meas- SERVICE.Sample Catalog Cards for Use in Con- urement systems, and soil mechanics. FLEMING,John, et al. The Penguin Dictionary of L1.S. GENERALSERVICES ADMINISTRATION. NA- Architecture, Drawings by David Etherton. (Pen- TIONAL ARCHIVESAND RECORDSSERVICE. United guin Library Eds. ; Penguin Reference Hooks, Rlj.) States Goz~ernnzent Organization Manual, 1968- Baltimore, Penguin Books, Inc.. 1966. 248p. illus. 1969, reu. June 1, 1968. Washington, D. C.: Covers every facet of architectural design and 1969. 842p. pap. $2. (Order from Supt. of Docs.) the art of building from medie\.al to twentieth- The Manual presents concise and essential in- century architects, also European and American. formation about the organization, functions, and More than a hundred clear and detailed archi- activities of the agencies in the legislative, judicial, tectural drawings set into the text they illustrate. and executive branches of the United States Gov- ernment. It contains 46 charts showing the organization of the Congress, the executive departments, ZALUCKI, H. Dictionary of Ru.r.ria~ Technical aftd and the larger independent agencies, and lists the Scientific Ahhret:iations with heir full meaning in names and titles of more than 5,000 key Govern- Amsterdam, Nether- Ru.r.rian, English and German. ment officials. Fully indexed. lands, Elsevier, Box 211, 1968. xiii, 387p. Dfl. 45. This reference work contains a trilingual key for acronyms in modern scientific Russian, written IY'ho's Who it2 Science in Europe, 3 vols. Guern- and spoken. Each abbreviation and acronym is fol- sey, via London, Vallancey Res. Ltd.. Box 77, lowed by its full Russian equivalent and explana- 1768. $19.20 per volume f10. (Available only tory translations in English and German. This in complete sets) dictionary will be useful to any reader of Russian First guide to West European Scientists. The newspapers and magazines as well as for teachzrs number of biographical entries included in the and students of the Russian language. first edition approaches 30,000 in additim to some 2,000 cross references.

Directories Information Handling Techniques American L'niuersities and Colleger, 10th ed. Washington, American Council on Education. The Conz/)utrr: Tool for Management. Elmhurst, 1968. 1800p. $22. Ill., Business Press, 1968. 210p. $8.50. Over 1.250 accredited senior institutions of Covers such subjects as information retrieval, higher education in the United States are described feasibility studies, and recruitment of programmers, fullp. Convenient summary tables are included for this book provides both novice and professional quick reference. with pertinent managment information. Recom- mended for managers who are seeking new ideas Commonwr~lih C'nil~rrrity Yearbook, 45th ed. 111 data processing techniques. Washington. American Council on Education. 1768. over 2,600~.$20. LECHT,Charles P. The Pro~rirmmer'sPL/I: a Com- Th: lateat and most comprehensive information plete Reference. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968. on higher education in Commonwealth countries 427p. $1 1.75. can be found in this single-volume work. Full The book utilizes a form, format, and organiza- descriptions of all universities in the Common- ticma1 structure uncommon in PL/I books, for wealth, including complete listings of their teach- example, it employs the use of space on the pages ing and administrative staffs. for the reader to include his own annotations and experiences in using PL/I for his future reference, International Handbook of Universities, 4th ecl. and it contains special information locater indices. Washington: American Council on Education, It is replete with examples, and will be a invalu- 1968. about 1100p. $16. :ible reference to professional systems analyst/pro- This new edition covers universities and other grammer personnel who must prepare computer institutions of higher education in over 100 coun- applications utilizing the PL/I language repertoire. tries outside the United States and the Common- wealth. The university entries are in English. Pub- New Techniques in Ofice Operationr. Elmhurst, lished in Paris by the International Association of Ill.: Business Press, 1968. 166p. $7.25. Universities. This book covers subjects from centralized office operations, microfilm processing, forms design, cost LEWANSKI,Richard C. comp. European Librq control, and office machine standards, to detailed Directory. A Geographical and Bibliographical discussion of integrated use of accounting and Guide. Florence, Italy, Leo S. Olschki, Via delle bookkeeping machines with computers. Caldaie 14, 1968. xxvi, 774p. 7500L. The directory comprises approximately 7,000 Science Informatiofz in Japan; 2d & rev. ed. Tokyo, libraries which are arranged geographically, by Japan: Japan Documentation Society, Nipdok, country, and then by city, with the province or Kikai Sinko Kaikan, Shiba Park, 1967. v., 192p. region noted. Each entry comprises Dewey Decimal pap. $5. Classification numbers indicating subject specializa- Changes in Japanese government policies with tion of the library. regard to scientific and technical information are reflected in the second, completely revised edition. agricultural library to aid the worker in recogniz- Topics covered include science, industry, and infor- ing his broad areas of responsibility as well as his mation in Japan; policy on science and technical specific duties. It identifies for the librarian the information; generation, flow, and use of science scope and the variety of his responsibilities and information ; problems concerning primary and also the relationship of the library to the organiza- secondary information and equipment; organization in which it is placed and the clients whom it tion, education, and training; and popular science serves. It emphasizes bibliographic tools, book information. Twenty-seven appendices provide selection, periodical selection and reference ma- data supporting the text. terials as the topics which will most directly lead to improved services to users. Librarianship Miscellaneous BEARD,John Robert. Catzadian Protinrial Libraries [Submitted in 196Sj as Partial Fulfillment of the Air Transportation 197S atzd Beyond: a Systems Requirements for the Degree of Doclor of Library Approach, Report of the Transportation Work- Science it2 the School of Library Service, Columbia shop, 1967; Cochairmen, Bernard A. Schriever, Univer~ity.] (Centennial Series CLA-ACB Oc- William W. Seifert. Cambridge, Mass. and Lon- casional Paper no. 54). Ottawa, Canadian Library don: M.I.T. Press, 1968. xvii, 516p. $20/187s. Association, 1967. xix, 303p. tables. pap. (LC 68-20050) This study traces the historical development of provincial libraries in Canada as an aid in under- BERKELEY,Bernard. Floors: Selection and Mailr.- standing their present status, and to attempt to trnance. (LTP Publications, no. 13.) Chicago, define their potential role, in order to lay a foun- American Library Association, Library Technology dation upon which further study and planning may Program, 1968. ix, 316p. $12.50. (LC 68-23014) be based. Bibliography. This volume is intended as a giude to the choice and maintenance of flooring, and should prove LIEBERMAN,Irving, ed. Education for Health Sci- indispensable to librarians and administrators plan- ences Librarianship, Proceedings oJ atr Invitational ning new library buildings, and to architects, plan- Conference September 10-12, 1967. Seattle. Uni- ners, and interior designers of institutional or versity of Washington, School of Librarianship, commercial buildings. The book is indexed and 1968. xii, 216p. illus., tables. pap. offers a list of selected references. The conference was made possible by a grant Boeckh Building Valuation Manual, vol. I, Resi- from the National Library of Medicine. Subjects defrtial and Agricultural. Milwaukee, The Ameri- discussed: The Changing Face of Medical Librar- can Appraisal Co., Boeckh Division, 1967. ix, ian.rhip; The Relation of Special Library Education 274p. 3 vols. $99; vols. can be purchased indi- to General Library Education; Medical History, vidually. (LC 67-31672) Libraries and Curricula: Ler'els of Preparatiou Re- The manual has a 1967 construction base price, quired for Medical Librariamhip; Curviculum Con- which can be readily up-dated with current modi- tezt jor Education in Medical Librarianship at fiers from the new bi-monthly publication, Boecbh Several Lez~ls;Twnds i72 the Health Sciences: Building Cost Modifier. Volume 11: Commercial Implications for Medical Librarianship; Educa- and 111: Industrial and Institutiotral will be re- tiojzal Progranzs for Hospital Science Librariavs; leased in June 1968, covering commercial, insti- Sjstems Concepts and Library Education; Instruc- tutional and manufacturing buildings. The manual tiutz if2 the Moder71 Techt2iques of Biomedical contains a wide variety of models incorporating Commut~ication. many types of construction, all are built up from unit-in-place costs converted to costs per square MORSE,Grant W. The Concise Guide to Library foot of ground area or of living area. Glossary, Research. N. Y., Washington Square Press, 1967. Bibliography and Index. ix, 214p. 756, paper; $5.95, cloth. A practical elementary guide to research procedure. Teachers and others who use the library Reference will want to have this book. Written by a librarian of great experience, it provides many keys to SHEEHY,Eugene P. comp. Guide to Reference the resources that are contained in our libraries. Books, 8th ed. 1st Supplemezt 196Sj-1966. Chi- Index. cago, Am. Library Assn., Publ. Dept., 1968. 132p. pap. $3.50. (LC 66-29240) PARKER,Dorothy, HIRST, F. C., LOOSJBS, T. P. The new supplement up-dates this international and KOSTFR,G. Primer /or Agricultu~alLibrarie~. aid to the selection, use and study of reference Preliminary edition. Oxford, England: International books. Entirely new works, new editions of works Association of Agricultural Librarians & Docu- listed in the basic volume, and new parts of con- mentalists, 1967. 72p. pap. $2/15s. (Available tinuations are listed. New features in this supple- from Pudoc, 63 Duivendaal, Wageningen, Nether- ment are Library of Congress card numbers and lands) references to reviews in selected ALA periodicals. This primer is essentially a practical tool to put There are cross-references to the main volume and in the hands of an inexperienced worker in an an author, subject, title index. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING SCIENCE LIBRARIAN-TO assist in formulation of Science Division, coordinate selection and build Positions o en and wanted--50 cents per line; collection, effect liaison with science faculties. New minimum cRarge $1 .SO.Otber cia~~ified~--90cents building, expanded operation planned. Faculty a line; $2.70 minimum. Copy must be received by rank, normal benefits. Rank and salary dependent tenth of month precedinn month of publication. upon and commensurate with candidate's qualifica- tion. Fifth year library degree, language facility, reference or administrative experience, relevant sci- Advertising rates will be increased-be- ence background or experience required. Position ginning with the January 1969 issue. The available July 1: Contact Dean of Library Service, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59801. rate for all Classified Line Ads will be Tel. 406-243-2053. $1.50 per line, with a minimum charge of $4.50. Current members of SLA may place a "Positions Wanted" ad at a special rate CATALOGERSwith experience sought for growing department. New building, expanded operations of $1.00 per line with a minimum charge planned. Faculty rank, normal benefits, salary to of $3.00. Copy for line ads must be re- $8,000 dependent upon qualifications. Fifth year ceived by the fifteenth of the month pre- library degree, language facility required. Two ceding the month of publication. Proofs positions available Tulv 1. Contact Dean of Librarv cannot be submitted far classified ads. service, University bf Montana, Missoula, ont taka Only one tear sheet can be supplied to 59801. Tel: 406-243-2053. line advertisers. REFERENCELIBRARIAN-M/F, MLS. I know Rafes for display advertising will also be where you can get a unique job as head of the increased beginning with the January 1969 reference department in a very busy urban library issue. Interested advertisers should request 40 minutes from NYC. Select and maintain the Advertising Rate Card No. 16 for the new excellent collection, generate ideas, do PR work, press releases, supervise your own staff. Blue Cross, rates ond related information. Copy for Blue Shield, major medical, month vacation, salary display ads must be received by the tenth to $8,250. It's my job now, but I'm leaving to of the month preceding the month of pub- teach. My previous position was in a NYC special lication. library. Write or call Orange Public Library, Or- ange, N. J. 07050. 7'el. (201) 673-0154.

POSITIONS OPEN tiEAD REFERENCE LIBRARIAN-Technical. Masters Degree in Library Science, BA in Math, Physics or Chemis- LIBRARIAN try preferred. Comprehensive reference and bibliographic work. Prefer candidates with experience, Center for Naval Analyses of the Uni- but will consider recent graduates. Located near versity of Rochester has opportunity in Universities of Wake Forest, Duke and North Washington, D. C. area for experienced Carolina. Starting salary $8,000-$10,000. Write to librarian. MLS required, operating ex- Mr. C. 0. Mahaffey, Western Electric Company, perience in all aspects of library func- Incorporated, 3300 Lexington Road, Winston- tions desired, since individual selected Salem, North Carolina 27102. will be responsible for entire operation. HEADLIBRARIAN-Biological Science Library. De- Library serves approximately 320 pro- gree in library science necessary with science back- fessionals, working in multi-discipline ground. Work with scientific staff to initiate and organize information alerting and retrieval services. analytic functional areas. Small existing Salary commensurate with experience. Please con- library to be expanded significantly. Em- tact Mrs. Mabel Jacobsen, Placement Secretary, ployee benefits include TIAA-CREF Re- Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, tirement Program, four-weeks vacation, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01545. liberal insurance and educational plan.

DREXELINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYLIBRARIES-- U.S. citizenship is required. Send appli- invites applications for professional positions: I) cation stating salary requirement to: Per- Head of Acquisitions Department, base salary sonnel Manager, Dept. SL. $9,600, and 2) Business Administration Divisional Librarian, base salary $7,800. Starting salaries depend upon experience. Requirements: ALA accredited, Master's degree and appropriate experience. Liberal vacation, retirement, and fringe benefits. Apply: Richard L. Snyder, Drexel Institute of An equal opportunity employer Technology Libraries, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. I I I Y.A. LIBRARIAN(MLS)-Self starter with ideas that will affect the disaffected. To $8,250, de- Whiteshell Nuclear Research pending on exp. Unusually cooperative staff; good book budget; easy commuting from NYC. "Be the Establishment librarian vou want to be." Call (201) 673-0153 or write M. Scilken, director, orange' Public Li- brary, Orange, N. J. 07050. REQUIRES A CATALOGUER-for Health Sciences Library, PROFESSIONAL Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Rapidly developing library requires expert for this position. Salary commensurate with ability. Apply to LIBRARIAN Miss Virginia Parker, Librarian. ASSISTANTDIRECTOR. TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVI- There is a vacancy for a Profes- SION, OREGONSTATE LlBR~Tl~-Librarian 5. LO- cated in Salem, capital city of 67,000 midst scenic, sional Librarian at the Whiteshell rolling hills and abundance of Oregon's Willamette Valley. Opportunity for professional growth and Nuclear Research Establishment, challenge in important position as Assistant to which is a materials testing centre Technical Services Director and with primary responsibility for work of an active Documents/Se- recently established by Atomic rials Section. Builds documents collection and does Energy of Canada Limited. consultant work with Oregon's state depository libraries. Assists in planning for automation of serials. Qualifications: MLS degree and four years A Bachelor degree of Library of experience, including work with documents. Science or equivalent and a Salary: $9,120-$10,980, depending on qualifications. Apply to: Oregon State Library, Salem, strong backing in one or more Ore~on97310. of the scientific or engineering fields is essential. Some years ex- TECHNICALABSTRACTOR-INDEXER-TO abstract and index company reports for computer tape perience in a special library, and searching. A degree in chemistry or chemical engineering required. Background in literature science familiarity with Library of Con- and tape searching desired. Salary open. Send re- gress classification is desirable. sume to: R. D. Mayse, Research & Development Dept., Continental Oil Co., Ponca City, Oklahoma Preference will be given to candi- 74601. dates looking for career positions An Equal Opportunity Company with the Company. DIRECTOROF LIBRARIES-City of Pensacola, Flor- Pinawa is a modern townsite 75 ida. $9,776-$11,934. Excellent benefits. MLS with 5 years responsible experience. Responsible for miles north-east of Winnipeg in modern library, branch systems, and bookmobile service. Gulf city with best living conditions. the Whiteshell resort area. Vari- Send resume to Thomas S. Siler, Director of Per- ous types of accommodations are sonnel, P.O. Box 1471, Pensacola, Florida 32502. available for both married and single personnel. SERIALSL~~R~Rl~~-Experienced. To advance to top managerial position with leading antiquarian periodical house. Should know periodical values. Please apply in writing giving full Will train right person if necessary. Excellent particulars to: opportunity and benefits. Replies treated in confidence. Write: Box C-71.

Personnel Officer BRANCHL~~R~R~~~-Admini~tration of the modern Elva L. Haskett Branch, with a staff of 7, in a growing, progressive library system. Career position for the candidate with ideals of creative administration and personal growth in responsibility. Excellent promotional opportunities and fringe benefits. MLS required. Appropriate experience highly desirable. Salary: $9,156-$11,124. Apply WHITESHELL NUCLEAR RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT or request a brochure: Mr. Ned Paulionis, City of PINAWA. MANITOBA Anaheim Personnel Department, 241 S. Anaheim Blvd., Anaheim, California 92805. (714) 533- 5375. I (San Francisco Bay Area) Syntex, an international pharmaceutical corporation, has two immedi- I ate openings in its Library Department on the San Francisco Peninsula.

HEAD LIBRARIAN We need a key individual to assume overall responsibility for the management of our scientific-technical library. Duties involve planning, establishing, and implementing policies for our library's operation and future growth. Will also participate in development of corporate wide information retrieval system with prime responsibility for management of library information services.

Position requires Masters in Library Science and BS in Chemistry or the Biological Sciences. Must have a minimum of 5 years' library administration experience, preferably with pharmaceutical, chemical, or rnedi- cal research organizations. Also, requires theoretical knowledge of information sciences and experience in automated information retrieval systems.

REFERENCE LIBRARIAN Will be responsible for organization and development of a comprehensive reference and literature searching service in our scientific- technical library. Will do literature search, utilizing both manual and automated sources; structure book collection and select literature for acquisition; and be responsible for all cataloging.

Requires a Masters in Library Science and BS in Chemistry, preferably with organic background. Prefer professional experience in a scientific or technical library. Should be familiar with standard reference tools, and abstract services of science and medicine. Also, should have a knowledge of information retrieval systems and applications. Requires a reading knowledge of one or more foreign languages.

Please send rCsumCs to: Mr. Robert P. Dilks, Employment Manager, Syntex Research, 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304. An Equal Opportunity Employer. 'NTE CHEMICALLIBRARIAN-The Shell companies have LIBRARIANS:I buy and sell scientific and scholarly an opening in the San Francisco Bay Area, and back-issues. Please submit your want lists and lists another in New York, for a Chemical Librarian. of duplicate materials you wish to sell or ex- San Francisco Bay Area: Library senring major change. Prompt estimates. Fred. Ludwig, 5320 industrial research laboratory seeks individual to North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85718. take charge of all public services, including scientific and bibliographic reference, and to assist in QUICKTRANSLATION-G~~~~~ and French tech- planning and implementing utilization of new nical articles, patents, letters, etc. translated by methods of handling scientific and technical in- Ph.D. chemist (minor in physics). Quick service, formation. New York: Cataloging, reference, and confidential, very neat work. $1 up per hundred literature searching on behalf of management and words, typewritten in duplicate. Technical Trans- technical personnel engaged in research and de- lation Service of Buffalo, P.O. Box 21, Townline, velopment, engineering, sales, and market research. New York. Requirements: BS in Chemistry, MLS preferred. 0 to 5 years' experience. Shell's employee benefits include a liberal education assistance program. If interested in these positions, please send a complete resum6 to Q. C. Stanberry, Recruitment Rep- resentatlve, Department SL, The Shell Companies, Box 2099, Houston, Texas 77001. An equal opportunity employer.

POSITIONS WANTED CATALOG CARD Hundreds of Libraries-big and small-now print CATALOGER-to establish the technical processes 3 x 5 professional catalog cards and postcards (any dept. of a new library. MLS, 7 yrs. exp. cataloging quantities) with new precision geared stencil printer especiallydesigned for Library requirements.Buy &- and reference in public and special libraries. met on Five Year Guarantee. FREE- Write TO- $11,000 min. Write Box C-83. DAY for description, pictures, and low d~rectpne. CARDMASTER, 1920 Sunnyside, Dept. 410, Chicago 40 SCIENCEBACKGROUND-and 27 months of cataloging experience, this librarian would like to build a career in a special or research library. Write Box C-89. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Bell & Howell, Micro Photo Div. .. 586 Bind-0-Matic ...... 594 R. R. Bowker Company ...... 596 FOR SALE Bro-Dart, Inc...... Cover I11 Cardmaster Company ...... 660 BACK ISSUE PERIODIULS-Scientific, Technical, Chemical Abstracts Service ...... 602 Medical and Liberal Arts. Please submit want lists Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc...... 600 and lists of materials for sale or exchange. Prompt The Faraday Press, Inc...... 581 replies assured. G. H. Arrow Co., 4th & Brown F. W. Faxon Co., Inc...... 600 ~ts.;Philadelphia, Pa. 19123. Gale Research Company. .... Cover IV Gaylord Bros., Inc...... 593 TECHNICALAND SCIENTIFICBOOKS of all sci- The Heckman Bindery, Inc...... 594 tech publishers plus excellent discounts to SLA Information Dynamics Corporation 590 member libraries. Write our Mrs. Anne Lacey in Institute for Scientific the Library Order Dept. for our special free 70- Information ...... 595,597 page catalogue plus personnel order blanks. L. H. The Library Association (London) . 604 Gleichenhaus & Company, The Empire State A. N. Marquis Co...... 589 Building, New York, N. 10001. Y. The MIT Press ...... 592 3M Company, IM Press Div...... 585 BACK ISSUES-Unbound original editions, clean, Morgan-Grampian Books Ltd...... 601 top condition. Over 20% below list, shipping ex- National Academy of Sciences .... 606 tra. W. Parrish, 309 Woodbine Rd., Stamford, Pergamon Press, Inc...... Cover I1 Conn. 06903. Rev. Sci. Instr. v 16-33 (1945-62) Predicasts, Inc...... 582 $260; Acta Crystallographica v 1-23 (1948-67) $570; Mineralogical Abstracts v 14-18 (1959-67) Sensormatic Electronics Corp...... 605 $130; Bull. Soc. Franc. Min. Crist. v 82-90 Special Libraries Association . . 589, 604 (1959-67) $90; Amer. Mineralogist v 2-4, 20-52 Technical Meetings Information (1917-19, 1935-67) 3 Indices, $575. $1500 for Service ...... 603 entire lot (more than 25% below list). lJnited Nations Publications ...... 602 The Vermont Printing Company ... 600 Western Periodicals Co...... 588 FOREIGNBOOKS and periodicals. Specialty: Inter- national congresses. Albert J. Phiebig Inc, Box Xerox Corp., Education Div...... 598 352, White Plains, New York 10602. Books-Coming-Into-Print is a computer- send you the book. If, on ~ublication,the operated advance notification and acquisi- book is not appropriate to your ~rofile,you tion program which allows your library to will receive a rejection notice with explana- profile its needs in specific disciplines. It tion. Of course, all shipments are "on gives you notification, continuations, and approval." automatic shipment of books on approval. Remember, you'll be dealing with one This is much more than an approval pro- source for books from all publishers. The gram. Books-Coming-Into-Print Program applies Our Stacey's Division, the nation's lead- to all English language books, continua- ing academic bookseller, will classify and tions, and monographs by commercial and organize over 20,000 titles a year of interest non-commercial publishers. In the humani- to your library. ties. Or the sciences. Then there's the matter of our computer Then, since you'll be dealing with Bro- and the Thesaurus we provide you with. By Dart, you'll have the option of getting your using our Thesaurus and your specifications books with a full variety of supplemental you pin point the exact type of books you'll cataloging and processing services. be interested in, regardless of how broad or Since you'll be given advance notice narrow your areas of special interest or the about each new book, the system is com- academic level desired. By carefully profil- patible with your present way of ordering ing your needs, you'll be receiving books or monographs and continuations. information about only those publications And what you'll have is an "on order" that would be of special interest to your flle which your library can use for ordering, library. That's the advantage of dealing reference, or cancellations. with a computer. Naturally, your library will receive com- The Books-Coming-Into-Print Program petitive discounts. Rapid Service. And ac- will provide you with an advance notice curate selections. card prior to publication for each title which Much easier than reading all those ads fits your profile. If you, for any reason, and listings. don't want the book, all you have to do is For additional information on this excit- return the computerized card. And we won't ing new service, write: Dept. SL-10

P.0. Box 923, Williamsport, Pa. 17701 and 2575 Hanover, Palo Alto, California 94304 DIRECTORY OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS SECOND (1 968) EDITION

Edited by Anthony T. Kruzas, Associate Professor of Library Science, University of Michigan

Three thousand new entries Three hundred more pages Four hundred new subjects Nine new appendixes

Since publication in 1963 of the first edition of the DIRECTORY OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS, specialized centers for the acquisition and organization of printed materials dealing with specific activities and interests have continued to grow in number and scope. The second edition of DSLIC represents an updated continuation of the standard guide to collections and personnel in U. S. and Canadian special libraries, information centers, documentation centers, and other similar units, sponsored by government agencies, business firms, trade associations, and professional societies, as well as major special collections in university and public libraries.

11,500 U.S. and Canadian Facilities Identified In this edition, detailed entries for 11,500 special libraries and information centers are arranged alphabetically by name of the supporting organization-the U. S. facilities in one section, the Canadian in another. The individual entries provide more than a dozen facts, including official name, address, and telephone number; name of sponsor- ing organization or institution; address, name, and title of the person in charge; and the names of other professional personnel.

2,500 Additional Units Given in Eighteen Appendixes Eighteen appendixes-nine more than in the first edition-contain 2,500 name and address listings, by state, for special information facilities not included in the main part of the volume. These include units such as U. S. Information Agency Libraries, U. S. Regional Libraries for the Blind, National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion Regional Dissemination Centers, and National Bureau of Standards National Standard Reference Data Centers.

Guide to Znformation on 2,000 Topics Collectively, the 13,000 specialized research libraries represent the prime sources of in-depth information concerning more than 2,000 subjects-some as general as electrical engineering and business administration, and many as specialized as the cattle industry, beryllium, and family planning. 1,048 Pages Subject Index $28.50

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